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Expand Up @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: "Exploring signed networks in Mastodon"
description: |
An approach to empirically observe online signed networks, using Mastodon instance log data.
author:
- name: Francisca Borquez V.
- name: Francisca Borquez
url: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7755-374X
affiliation: VOSON Lab
affiliation_url: http://vosonlab.net/
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In their exploration of online signed networks, [@leskovec2010signed] sustained that positive ties are expected to produce clusters while negative ties tend to span positive clusters, which can be observed in this example. In this network, green nodes (friends) – those servers that have received only 1 negative nomination and 2 or more positive nominations by other seed instance - tend to cluster around the seed servers, while unequivocal ‘foe’ servers (red) plus ‘mixed’ servers (orange)- which have received at least 2 negative and positive nominations - are localised in a central area of the network, spanning the clusters.


## 4. Next Steps:
## 4. Next Steps
The next steps of this research will involve the use of `signnet` [@Schoch2023], an R package that provides methods to analyse signed networks, with special focus on structural balance using triads, and signed blockmodeling.

Another approach will involve to qualitatively assess seed servers' moderating rules, based on what constitutes an 'acceptable' reason to block an instance. Moderating rules will be then categorised in scales, from ‘strict’ to ‘permissible’, and such values can be included in the network as node attributes. Similarly, we will assess the capacity of the instance administrator(s) to ‘defend their space’ as a network strategy to define boundaries, i.e. by identifying other variables that could explain clustering, for example, frequency of activity (active versus passive moderation), date of creation (established communities versus new entrants), etc.
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Expand All @@ -1549,7 +1549,7 @@ <h1>Exploring signed networks in Mastodon</h1>
</div>

<div class="d-byline">
Francisca Borquez V. <a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7755-374X" class="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7755-374X</a> (VOSON Lab)<a href="http://vosonlab.net/" class="uri">http://vosonlab.net/</a>
Francisca Borquez <a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7755-374X" class="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7755-374X</a> (VOSON Lab)<a href="http://vosonlab.net/" class="uri">http://vosonlab.net/</a>

, Bryan Gertzel <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-8649" class="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-8649</a>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@ <h3 id="constructing-a-subnetwork-of-negative-ties-only">2.3 Constructing a subn
<span></span>
<span><span class='va'>e_ind</span><span class='op'>[[</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/which.html'>which</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://r.igraph.org/reference/V.html'>V</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>g</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>$</span><span class='va'>name</span><span class='op'>==</span><span class='st'>"iddqd.social"</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>]</span><span class='op'>]</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<pre><code>+ 6/223032 edges from 687066b (vertex names):
<pre><code>+ 6/223032 edges from eebb30b (vertex names):
[1] furry.engineer -&gt;iddqd.social
[2] social.veraciousnetwork.com-&gt;iddqd.social
[3] vmst.io -&gt;iddqd.social
Expand All @@ -1881,7 +1881,7 @@ <h3 id="constructing-a-subnetwork-of-negative-ties-only">2.3 Constructing a subn
<h2 id="findings">3. Findings</h2>
<p>Consistent with the literature <span class="citation" data-cites="EVERETT2014111 STADTFELD2020129">(<a href="#ref-EVERETT2014111" role="doc-biblioref">Everett &amp; Borgatti, 2014</a>; <a href="#ref-STADTFELD2020129" role="doc-biblioref">Stadtfeld et al., 2020</a>)</span>, the network structure presents group boundaries around the seed servers, given that instance moderators are consciously separating themselves from those instances that have been identified as unequivocal ‘foes’(red) or ‘mixed’ (orange).</p>
<p>In their exploration of online signed networks, <span class="citation" data-cites="leskovec2010signed">(<a href="#ref-leskovec2010signed" role="doc-biblioref">Leskovec et al., 2010</a>)</span> sustained that positive ties are expected to produce clusters while negative ties tend to span positive clusters, which can be observed in this example. In this network, green nodes (friends) – those servers that have received only 1 negative nomination and 2 or more positive nominations by other seed instance - tend to cluster around the seed servers, while unequivocal ‘foe’ servers (red) plus ‘mixed’ servers (orange)- which have received at least 2 negative and positive nominations - are localised in a central area of the network, spanning the clusters.</p>
<h2 id="next-steps">4. Next Steps:</h2>
<h2 id="next-steps">4. Next Steps</h2>
<p>The next steps of this research will involve the use of <code>signnet</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="Schoch2023">(<a href="#ref-Schoch2023" role="doc-biblioref">Schoch, 2023</a>)</span>, an R package that provides methods to analyse signed networks, with special focus on structural balance using triads, and signed blockmodeling.</p>
<p>Another approach will involve to qualitatively assess seed servers’ moderating rules, based on what constitutes an ‘acceptable’ reason to block an instance. Moderating rules will be then categorised in scales, from ‘strict’ to ‘permissible’, and such values can be included in the network as node attributes. Similarly, we will assess the capacity of the instance administrator(s) to ‘defend their space’ as a network strategy to define boundaries, i.e. by identifying other variables that could explain clustering, for example, frequency of activity (active versus passive moderation), date of creation (established communities versus new entrants), etc.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r distill-force-highlighting-css"><code class="sourceCode r"></code></pre></div>
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Expand Up @@ -2372,7 +2372,7 @@ <h1 class="posts-list-caption" data-caption="Articles">Articles</h1>
<div class="metadata">
<div class="publishedDate">Feb. 23, 2024</div>
<div class="dt-authors">
<div class="dt-author">Francisca Borquez V.</div>
<div class="dt-author">Francisca Borquez</div>
<div class="dt-author">Bryan Gertzel</div>
<div class="dt-author">Robert Ackland</div>
</div>
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<lastBuildDate>2024-02-23</lastBuildDate>
<item>
<title>Exploring signed networks in Mastodon</title>
<dc:creator>Francisca Borquez V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francisca Borquez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryan Gertzel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Ackland</dc:creator>
<link>https://vosonlab.github.io/posts/2024-02-23-exploring-signed-networks-in-mastodon</link>
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