[CI] [GHA] Add retries and timeout for Fedora, use `dnf` #13687

Job	Run time
Smart_CI	28s
Docker	1m 5s
Build / Build	14m 31s
Conformance (OP)	9m 11s
Conformance (API)	2m 15s
dGPU Tests	0s
NVIDIA plugin	3m 22s
iGPU Tests	0s
Debian Packages / Debian Packages	1m 44s
OpenVINO JS API / OpenVINO JS API	1m 40s
Samples / Samples	4m 46s
CPU functional tests / CPU functional tests	21m 19s
ONNX Runtime Integration / ONNX Runtime Integration	7m 0s
C++ unit tests / C++ unit tests	13m 50s
ONNX Models Tests / ONNX Models tests	21m 52s
Python unit tests / Python unit tests	6m 56s
Pytorch Layer Tests / PyTorch Layer Tests	16m 39s
OpenVINO tokenizers extension / OpenVINO tokenizers extension	2m 42s
TensorFlow TF Hub Models tests	0s
TensorFlow Hugging Face Models tests	0s
PyTorch Models Nightly Scope1 tests	0s
PyTorch Models Nightly Scope2 tests	0s
TensorFlow Layer Tests / TensorFlow Layer Tests	13m 25s
TensorFlow Models tests / TensorFlow Models tests	14m 9s
JAX/Flax Models tests / JAX/Flax Models tests	2m 38s
PyTorch Models tests / PyTorch Models tests	32m 0s
ci/gha_overall_status	1s
	3h 11m 33s

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