Use Relative Virtual Addresses to allow their decoding without knowin…

…g the base address (#200)

Instead of printing absolute addresses use relative ones so they can be used later to decode the stack trace.

## Motivation

It’s quite common to release apps without debug symbols while keeping them internally. Currently the lib prints absolute addresses which require the base address to decode them using symbols. With this change, the base address won’t be needed as values are relative to the beginning of the loaded module/binary.

The implementation for unix is **straightforward** as the existing code is used. For Windows, I’ve implemented similar logic using Windows API.

## Manual testing of Windows implementation

Here are 2 runs of `trivial_windbg_lib.exe` with .pdb and without .pdb file:

```jsx
>./trivial_windbg_lib.exe
 0# boost::stacktrace::basic_stacktrace<std::allocator<boost::stacktrace::frame> >::init at C:\Users\czarneckim\repositories\boost\boost\stacktrace\stacktrace.hpp:110
 1# main at C:\Users\czarneckim\repositories\boost\libs\stacktrace\test\test_trivial.cpp:14
 2# __scrt_common_main_seh at D:\a\_work\1\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl:288
 3# BaseThreadInitThunk in C:\WINDOWS\System32\KERNEL32.DLL
 4# RtlUserThreadStart in C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll

> mv ./trivial_windbg_lib.pdb{,_} 
> ./trivial_windbg_lib.exe
 0# 0x0000000000001DE3 in C:\Users\czarneckim\repositories\boost\bin.v2\libs\stacktrace\test\trivial_windbg_lib.test\msvc-14.3\release\x86_64\asynch-exceptions-on\cxxstd-latest-iso\debug-symbols-on\threading-multi\trivial_windbg_lib.exe
 1# 0x0000000000001FEE in C:\Users\czarneckim\repositories\boost\bin.v2\libs\stacktrace\test\trivial_windbg_lib.test\msvc-14.3\release\x86_64\asynch-exceptions-on\cxxstd-latest-iso\debug-symbols-on\threading-multi\trivial_windbg_lib.exe
 2# 0x000000000000246C in C:\Users\czarneckim\repositories\boost\bin.v2\libs\stacktrace\test\trivial_windbg_lib.test\msvc-14.3\release\x86_64\asynch-exceptions-on\cxxstd-latest-iso\debug-symbols-on\threading-multi\trivial_windbg_lib.exe
 3# BaseThreadInitThunk in C:\WINDOWS\System32\KERNEL32.DLL
 4# RtlUserThreadStart in C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll

> mv ./trivial_windbg_lib.pdb{_,}
> winaddr2line.exe -f -e trivial_windbg_lib.pdb 0x0000000000001DE3
boost::stacktrace::basic_stacktrace<std::allocator<boost::stacktrace::frame> >::init
C:\Users\czarneckim\repositories\boost\boost\stacktrace\stacktrace.hpp:110
```

I’ve also decoded the returned address using x64dbg running `trivial_windbg_lib.exe+0x0000000000001DE3`:

![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a36d3306-488d-4610-9f04-7888b98c2b75)

## Control

As it was suggested in #180, the new logic is enabled by default, but can be disabled with `BOOST_STACKTRACE_DISABLE_OFFSET_ADDR_BASE` (With non header-only mode, it requires rebuilding the lib)

include/boost/stacktrace/detail/addr_base_msvc.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright Antony Polukhin, 2016-2024.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef BOOST_STACKTRACE_DETAIL_ADDR_BASE_MSVC_HPP
+#define BOOST_STACKTRACE_DETAIL_ADDR_BASE_MSVC_HPP
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#ifdef BOOST_HAS_PRAGMA_ONCE
+#   pragma once
+#endif
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifdef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+#else
+// Prevent inclusion of extra Windows SDK headers which can cause conflict
+// with other code using Windows SDK
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+#undef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+
+namespace boost { namespace stacktrace { namespace detail {
+  inline std::uintptr_t get_own_proc_addr_base(const void* addr) {
+        // Try to avoid allocating memory for the modules array if possible.
+        // The stack buffer should be large enough for most processes.
+        HMODULE modules_stack[1024];
+        std::unique_ptr<HMODULE[]> modules_allocated;
+        HMODULE* modules = modules_stack;
+
+        DWORD needed_bytes = 0;
+        uintptr_t addr_base = 0;
+
+        HANDLE process_handle = GetCurrentProcess();
+        bool enum_process_result = EnumProcessModules(process_handle, modules, sizeof(modules), &needed_bytes);
+
+        // Check if the error is because the buffer is too small.
+        if (!enum_process_result && GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+            modules_allocated.reset(new HMODULE[needed_bytes / sizeof(HMODULE)]);
+            modules = modules_allocated.get();
+            enum_process_result = EnumProcessModules(process_handle, modules, needed_bytes, &needed_bytes);
+        }
+
+        if (enum_process_result) {
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < (needed_bytes / sizeof(HMODULE)); ++i) {
+                MODULEINFO module_info;
+
+                // Get the module name
+                if (GetModuleInformation(process_handle, modules[i], &module_info, sizeof(module_info))
+                    && module_info.lpBaseOfDll <= addr && addr < LPBYTE(module_info.lpBaseOfDll) + module_info.SizeOfImage) {
+                    // Module contains the address
+                addr_base = reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        CloseHandle(process_handle);
+
+        return addr_base;
+    }
+
+}}} // namespace boost::stacktrace::detail
+
+#endif // BOOST_STACKTRACE_DETAIL_ADDR_BASE_MSVC_HPP

include/boost/stacktrace/detail/frame_msvc.ipp

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 #include <boost/stacktrace/detail/to_dec_array.hpp>
 #include <boost/stacktrace/detail/to_hex_array.hpp>
 
+#ifndef BOOST_STACKTRACE_DISABLE_OFFSET_ADDR_BASE
+#include <boost/stacktrace/detail/addr_base_msvc.hpp>
+#endif
+
 #ifdef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #include <windows.h>
 #else
@@ -391,7 +395,13 @@ public:
         if (!name.empty()) {
             res += name;
         } else {
+#ifdef BOOST_STACKTRACE_DISABLE_OFFSET_ADDR_BASE
             res += to_hex_array(addr).data();
+#else
+            // Get own base address
+            const uintptr_t base_addr = get_own_proc_addr_base(addr);
+            res += to_hex_array(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(addr) - base_addr).data();
+#endif
         }
 
         std::pair<std::string, std::size_t> source_line = this->get_source_file_line_impl(addr);

include/boost/stacktrace/detail/frame_unwind.ipp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <boost/stacktrace/detail/to_hex_array.hpp>
 #include <boost/stacktrace/detail/location_from_symbol.hpp>
 #include <boost/stacktrace/detail/to_dec_array.hpp>
+#include <boost/stacktrace/detail/addr_base.hpp>
 #include <boost/core/demangle.hpp>
 
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -40,7 +41,12 @@ public:
         if (!Base::res.empty()) {
             Base::res = boost::core::demangle(Base::res.c_str());
         } else {
+#ifdef BOOST_STACKTRACE_DISABLE_OFFSET_ADDR_BASE
             Base::res = to_hex_array(addr).data();
+#else
+            const auto addr_base = boost::stacktrace::detail::get_own_proc_addr_base(addr);
+            Base::res = to_hex_array(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(addr) - addr_base).data();
+#endif
         }
 
         if (Base::prepare_source_location(addr)) {

test/test.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include <boost/stacktrace.hpp>
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <cctype>
@@ -263,7 +264,51 @@ void test_stacktrace_limits()
     BOOST_TEST_EQ(boost::stacktrace::stacktrace(1, 1).size(), 1);
 }
 
-int main() {
+std::size_t get_file_size(const char* file_name) {
+    std::ifstream file(file_name, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+    const auto file_size = file.tellg();
+    BOOST_TEST(file_size > 0);
+    return static_cast<std::size_t>(file_size);
+}
+
+uintptr_t get_address_from_frame(const std::string& frame) {
+    std::size_t address = 0;
+    std::string hex_address;
+    std::size_t pos = frame.find("0x");
+
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+        // Extract the hex address substring
+        hex_address = frame.substr(pos + 2); // Skip "0x"
+
+        // Convert hex string to std::size_t
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << std::hex << hex_address;
+        ss >> address;
+    }
+
+    return address;
+}
+
+void test_relative_virtual_address(const char* file_path)
+{   
+    const auto frame = to_string(boost::stacktrace::stacktrace(0, 1).as_vector().front());
+
+    // Skip the test if the frame does not contain an address
+    if (frame.find("0x") == std::string::npos) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto file_size = get_file_size(file_path);
+    BOOST_TEST(file_size > 0);
+
+    const auto address = get_address_from_frame(frame);
+    BOOST_TEST(address > 0);
+
+    // Verify that the address is within the binary
+    BOOST_TEST(address <= file_size);
+}
+
+int main(const int, const char* argv[]) {
     test_deeply_nested_namespaces();
     test_frames_string_data_validity();
     test_nested<15>();
@@ -283,6 +328,7 @@ int main() {
     test_nested<260>(false);
 
     test_stacktrace_limits();
+    test_relative_virtual_address(argv[0]);
 
     return boost::report_errors();
 }