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README: improve Installation and Updating guides
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Responding to further user feedback... :-)

Updates to README:

 * supply a simplified updater script (no comments / streamlined) that
   is easy to setup, for new users
 * curl / install commands+options are available cross-platform on Linux / FreeBSD
 * note: `winetricks --self-update` is **not** the same - this will only
   update to a newer release and will not update the bash.completion script

Fixes: Winetricks#1192

Signed-off-by: Rob Walker <[email protected]>
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@bobwya
bobwya committed Apr 16, 2019
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Expand Up @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks
Tagged releases are accessible here:
https://github.com/Winetricks/winetricks/releases

# Installing
# Installing (Package)
The ```winetricks``` package should be used if it is available and up to date. The package is available in most mainstream (Unix-like) Operating Systems:

* Arch: https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/any/winetricks/
Expand All @@ -28,151 +28,75 @@ The ```winetricks``` package should be used if it is available and up to date. T

Note: packaged Debian / Ubuntu winetricks versions are typically outdated, so a manual installation is recommended.

If the package is unavailable, outdated, or the latest version is desired, a manual installation of winetricks can be done.
It is _highly_ recommended to uninstall any previously installed version of winetricks first.
# Automating Installation & Updating

**_If you don't uninstall a previously installed, packaged version of winetricks... Well then you get to pick up the pieces!_**
If the winetricks package is unavailable, outdated, or the latest version is desired, a manual auto-updating setup is recommended.
It is _highly_ recommended to uninstall any previously installed version of winetricks first.

E.g. for Debian / Ubuntu:
**_If you don't uninstall a previously installed, packaged version of winetricks... Well then you get to pick up the pieces!_** ... E.g. for Debian / Ubuntu:
```
sudo apt-get purge winetricks
```

Then, for Ubuntu, use a shell script to download the current winetricks script(s).
E.g.:

```
# Create and switch to a temporary directory writeable by current user. See:
# https://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/subshells.html
cd "$(mktemp -d)"
# Use a BASH "here document" to create an updater shell script file.
# See:
# https://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/here-docs.html
# > outputs stdout to a file, overwriting any pre-existing file
# << takes input, directly from the script itself, till the second '_EOF_SCRIPT' marker, as stdin
# the cat command hooks these 2 streams up (stdin and stdout)
###### create update_winetricks START ########
cat > update_winetricks <<_EOF_SCRIPT
#!/bin/sh
# Create and switch to a temporary directory writeable by current user. See:
# https://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/subshells.html
cd "$(mktemp -d)"
# Download the latest winetricks script (master="latest version") from Github.
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks
# Mark the winetricks script (we've just downloaded) as executable. See:
# https://www.tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x9543.htm
chmod +x winetricks
# Move the winetricks script to a location which will be in the standard user PATH. See:
# https://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/internalvariables.html
sudo mv winetricks /usr/bin
# Download the latest winetricks BASH completion script (master="latest version") from Github.
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks.bash-completion
# Move the winetricks BASH completion script to a standard location for BASH completion modules. See:
# https://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/tabexpansion.html
sudo mv winetricks.bash-completion /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/winetricks
_EOF_SCRIPT
###### create update_winetricks FINISH ########
# Mark the update_winetricks script (we've just written out) as executable. See:
# https://www.tldp.org/LDP/GNU-Linux-Tools-Summary/html/x9543.htm
chmod +x update_winetricks
# We must escalate privileges to root, as regular Linux users do not have write access to '/usr/bin'.
sudo mv update_winetricks /usr/bin/
```

See the manpages for the individual functions, if you are not clear how they are being used, e.g.
```
man mktemp
man mv
man wget
man sudo
...
```

An alternative updater script implementation, using **su** in place of **sudo**, is also possible:

```
cd "$(mktemp -d)"
cat > update_winetricks <<_EOF_SCRIPT
#!/bin/sh
cd "$(mktemp -d)"
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks.bash-completion
chmod +x winetricks
su root sh -c 'mv winetricks /usr/bin ; mv winetricks.bash-completion /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/winetricks'
_EOF_SCRIPT
chmod +x update_winetricks
su root sh -c 'mv update_winetricks /usr/bin/'
```

To use ```curl``` instead of ```wget```: subsitute all ```wget``` calls with ```curl -O```, in the winetricks update script.


# Updating
Using the traditional Unix crontab...
```
sudo ln "/usr/bin/update_winetricks" "/etc/cron.weekly/update_winetricks"
```
Note: ensure you have a cron utility installed and enabled, on systems utilizing **systemd** by default.

The update script can be automated, to run on a set schedule, via (where available) **systemd** units.
E.g. to create a scheduled winetricks updater **systemd** **timer** unit, and an associated **systemd** **service** unit:
```
cd "$(mktemp -d)"
cat > winetricks_update.timer <<_EOF_TIMER_UNIT
[Unit]
Description=Run winetricks update script weekly (Saturday)
[Timer]
OnCalendar=Sat
Persistent=true
[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target
_EOF_TIMER_UNIT
cat > winetricks_update.service <<_EOF_SERVICE_UNIT
[Unit]
Description=Run winetricks update script
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/update_winetricks
Type=oneshot
_EOF_SERVICE_UNIT
sudo mv winetricks_update.timer winetricks_update.service /etc/systemd/system/
```
See:
* [freedesktop.org: systemd service unit](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html)
* [freedesktop.org: systemd timer unit](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.timer.html)

To start and enable the winetricks update timer:
```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable winetricks_update.timer
sudo systemctl start winetricks_update.timer
```

The core winetricks script can also be updated by simply doing:
```
winetricks --self-update
```
or:
```
sudo winetricks --self-update
```
for a system-wide winetricks installation.
<hr />

Steps to setup an winetricks auto-updater script (pulling the Git Master on a weekly basis)...

1. Simple shell script to download and install the current winetricks script(s):
```
cat <<_EOF_SCRIPT | sudo install /dev/stdin /usr/bin/update_winetricks
#!/bin/sh
curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks \
| sudo install /dev/stdin /usr/bin/winetricks
curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Winetricks/winetricks/master/src/winetricks.bash-completion \
| sudo install /dev/stdin /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/winetricks
_EOF_SCRIPT
```
2. Automatically running the winetricks updater (update_winetricks) script.
Use **either**: _i._ [Cron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron) -based ; **or**: _ii._ [systemd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd)-based.
1. Use Cron to auto-update winetricks (weekly):
```
sudo ln -s "/usr/bin/update_winetricks" "/etc/cron.weekly/update_winetricks"
```
2. Use a systemd timer unit to auto-update winetricks (weekly).
**systemd timer unit** (calls the **systemd service unit** at a specified interval):
```
cat > /etc/systemd/system/winetricks_update.timer <<_EOF_TIMER_UNIT | sudo install /dev/stdin /etc/systemd/system/winetricks_update.timer
[Unit]
Description=Run winetricks update script weekly (Saturday)
[Timer]
OnCalendar=Sat
Persistent=true
[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target
_EOF_TIMER_UNIT
```
**systemd service unit** (this service does the work - it is called automatically by the **systemd timer unit**):
```
cat << _EOF_SERVICE_UNIT | sudo install /dev/stdin /etc/systemd/system/winetricks_update.service
[Unit]
Description=Run winetricks update script
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/update_winetricks
Type=oneshot
_EOF_SERVICE_UNIT
```
Enable and start the **systemd timer unit**:
```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable winetricks_update.timer
sudo systemctl start winetricks_update.timer
```
# Custom .verb files
New dll/settings/programs can be added to Winetricks by passing a custom .verb (format below)
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