[ENHANCEMENT] catch record with no known keys and raise detailed error (

#5356)

# Description

This PR responds to #5281 by catching records with no known keys and
raising an ingestion error.

**Type of change**

- Improvement (change adding some improvement to an existing
functionality)

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

argilla/src/argilla/records/_mapping/_mapper.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import re
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Union, Tuple
 from uuid import UUID
+import warnings
 
 from argilla._exceptions import RecordsIngestionError
 from argilla.records._resource import Record
@@ -83,6 +84,24 @@ def __call__(self, data: Dict[str, Any], user_id: Optional[UUID] = None) -> Reco
         metadata = self._map_attributes(data=data, mapping=self.mapping.metadata)
         vectors = self._map_attributes(data=data, mapping=self.mapping.vector)
 
+        unknown_keys = [key for key in data.keys() if key not in self.mapping.keys()]
+        if unknown_keys:
+            warnings.warn(f"Keys {unknown_keys} in data are not present in the mapping and will be ignored.")
+
+        if len([k for k in data if k != self.mapping.id.source]) == 0:
+            raise RecordsIngestionError(
+                message=f"Record has no data. All records must have at least one attribute. Record id: {record_id}."
+            )
+
+        if data and not (record_id or suggestions or responses or fields or metadata or vectors):
+            raise RecordsIngestionError(
+                message=f"""Record has no identifiable keys. If keys in source dataset
+                do not match the names in `dataset.settings`, you should use a
+                `mapping` with `dataset.records.log`.
+                Available keys: {self.mapping.keys()}.
+                Unkown keys: {unknown_keys}. """
+            )
+
         return Record(
             id=record_id,
             fields=fields,

argilla/src/argilla/records/_mapping/_routes.py

@@ -111,3 +111,14 @@ def add_route(self, attribute_route: AttributeRoute) -> None:
             self.id = attribute_route
         else:
             self._get_routes_group_by_type(attribute_route.type)[attribute_route.name] = attribute_route
+
+    def keys(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Utility method to get all the keys in the mapping"""
+        return (
+            list(self.suggestion.keys())
+            + list(self.response.keys())
+            + list(self.field.keys())
+            + list(self.metadata.keys())
+            + list(self.vector.keys())
+            + ["id"]
+        )

argilla/tests/unit/test_record_ingestion.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 import argilla as rg
+from argilla._exceptions import RecordsIngestionError
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -50,6 +51,21 @@ def test_ingest_record_from_dict(dataset):
     assert record.suggestions[0].value == "positive"
 
 
+def test_ingest_record_from_empty_dict_raises(dataset):
+    with pytest.raises(RecordsIngestionError):
+        dataset.records._ingest_records(
+            records=[
+                {"id": "record_id"},
+            ],
+        )
+    with pytest.raises(RecordsIngestionError):
+        dataset.records._ingest_records(
+            records=[
+                {},
+            ],
+        )
+
+
 def test_ingest_record_from_dict_with_mapped_suggestions(dataset):
     mock_mapping = {
         "my_prompt": "prompt",