GH-45209: [C++][CMake] Fix the issue that allocator not disabled for …

…sanitizer cmake presets (#45210)

### Rationale for this change

I gave the reason in #45209

### What changes are included in this PR?

Adjust the inheritance list order and make a lot of simplification/regrouping/reordering for existing presets the way I see fit.

Also introduce a soft rule to order inheritance list: `sanitizer` comes before `features` comes before `base`. Though we can't really mandate such a rule (thus it's "soft") or make it clear in comments (our current cmake dosn't support comment in json), we hope people will notice this pattern and follow it when editing this file.

### Are these changes tested?

Manually tested.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

None.

* GitHub Issue: #45209

Lead-authored-by: Rossi Sun <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Rossi Sun <[email protected]>