Example: Simple Borg backups

Requirements

• Borg
• bash

Shell script

#!/bin/bash
set -eE -o pipefail

# repository path
REPOSITORY="$HOME/Backup/Borg"

# be verbose, otherwise output nothing (except errors)
BORG_CREATE_PARAMS=( -v --stats --show-rc )
BORG_DELETE_PARAMS=( -v --stats --show-rc )
BORG_PRUNE_PARAMS=( -v --list --stats --show-rc )
if tty --quiet; then
    BORG_CREATE_PARAMS+=( --progress )
    BORG_DELETE_PARAMS+=( --progress )
fi
if [ "$1" == "-q" ] || [ "$1" == "--quiet" ]; then
    BORG_CREATE_PARAMS=()
    BORG_DELETE_PARAMS=()
    BORG_PRUNE_PARAMS=()
fi

# prepare repository
if [ ! -e "$REPOSITORY" ]; then
    mkdir "$REPOSITORY"
    borg init --encryption=repokey "$REPOSITORY"
fi
if [ ! -d "$REPOSITORY" ]; then
    echo "Invalid repository: $REPOSITORY" >&2
    exit 1
fi

# create backup (ignore warnings)
BORG_CREATE_STATUS=0
borg create "${BORG_CREATE_PARAMS[@]}" \
    --compression=lz4 \
    --exclude-caches --one-file-system \
    "$REPOSITORY"::'{hostname}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S}' \
    "$HOME" \
    --exclude '$HOME/.cache' \
    --exclude '$HOME/.local/share/Trash' \
    --exclude '$HOME/.thumbnails' \
    --exclude '$HOME/Backup' \
    || { BORG_CREATE_STATUS=$?; true; }

[ $BORG_CREATE_STATUS -lt 2 ] || exit $BORG_CREATE_STATUS

# remove checkpoints (ignore warnings)
BORG_DELETE_STATUS=0
if [ $BORG_CREATE_STATUS -eq 0 ]; then
    BORG_CHECKPOINTS="$(borg list --short "$REPOSITORY" | grep -E '\.checkpoint(\.[0-9]+)?$' || true)"
    if [ -n "$BORG_CHECKPOINTS" ]; then
        xargs --max-args 1 --no-run-if-empty -I "%ARCHIVE%" -- \
            borg delete "${BORG_DELETE_PARAMS[@]}" "$REPOSITORY"::"%ARCHIVE%" \
            <<< "$BORG_CHECKPOINTS" \
            || { BORG_DELETE_STATUS=$?; true; }

        [ $BORG_DELETE_STATUS -lt 2 ] || exit $BORG_DELETE_STATUS
    fi
fi

# prune old backups (ignore warnings)
# keep everything within two days + 12 daily backups (= 2 weeks),
# 26 weekly backups (= 6 months), 24 monthly backups (= 2 years),
# 10 yearly backups
BORG_PRUNE_STATUS=0
borg prune "${BORG_PRUNE_PARAMS[@]}" \
    "$REPOSITORY" --prefix '{hostname}-' \
    --keep-within=2d --keep-daily=12 \
    --keep-weekly=26 --keep-monthly=24 \
    --keep-yearly=10 \
    || { BORG_PRUNE_STATUS=$?; true; }

[ $BORG_PRUNE_STATUS -lt 2 ] || exit $BORG_PRUNE_STATUS

if [ $BORG_CREATE_STATUS -eq 1 ] || [ $BORG_DELETE_STATUS -eq 1 ] || [ $BORG_PRUNE_STATUS -eq 1 ]; then
    exit 254
fi