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Expand Up @@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ This data cube offers a time-series of Landsat-based spectral indices maps acros

Please cite as:

- Tian, X., Consoli, D., Hengl, T., Schneider, F., Parente, L., Şahin, M., Minařík, R., Ho, Y., (2024?) "Time-series of Landsat-based spectral indices for continental Europe for 2000–2022 to support soil health monitoring", submitted to [PeerJ], preprint available at: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4251113/v1.
- **Publication:** Tian, X., Consoli, D., Hengl, T., Schneider, F., Parente, L., Şahin, M., Minařík, R., Ho, Y., (2024?) "Time-series of Landsat-based spectral indices for continental Europe for 2000–2022 to support soil health monitoring", submitted to [PeerJ], preprint available at: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4251113/v1.
- **Dataset** Tian, X., Consoli, D., Leandro Parente, Ho, Y., & Hengl, T. (2024). Landsat-based Spectral Indices for pan-EU 2000-2022 (Version v20240319) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10776891.

### Summary
The corresponding folder provides
Expand All @@ -40,172 +41,23 @@ The indices include:

General steps of maps production are:

![00_general_workflow drawio](https://github.com/AI4SoilHealth/SoilHealthDataCube/assets/96083275/b8ce7d5e-4e2a-4695-83be-f809eb95d80b)
![00_general_workflow drawio](![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/724753dd-395d-4717-b8bf-fd2d5b9d9213)

A preview of the BSF (%) time series for Europe from 2000 to 2022:

![global_view4](https://github.com/AI4SoilHealth/SoilHealthDataCube/assets/96083275/1b14d38b-30d9-42c8-9b03-d257576cdb43)


### Access to the data cube
**Yearly Landsat ARD Red band**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/red_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: Red band aggregated yearly from 30-m bi-monthly gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD red band from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Surface reflectance
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081

To ensure accessibility and proper usage of the dataset, we have distributed the data across multiple platforms for different purposes:
1. **Zenodo**
- This dataset is registered on Zenodo with preview visualization and a valid DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10776891.
- Due to the storage limit of Zenodo in each bucket, uploading all data layers to Zenodo is impractical and not beneficial for users as it would be too distributed. Therefore, for bimonthly predictors, only data layers for the years 2000 and 2022 are uploaded. All the annual and long-term predictors are available, though.
3. **Wasabi cloud**
- The complete dataset is hosted on Wasabi's cloud in COG format, enabling efficient storage, retrieval, and secure data management.
- A comprehensive index of all the data layers stored and maintained on Wasabi is available through a [navigation catalog in a Google Sheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1QTA6OkkYlZljfHst_inCrkC7DJcMAyHnM9k0iHulwpg/edit?usp=sharing), facilitating the indexing, finding, and downloading of all the predictor layers.

**Yearly Landsat ARD Green band**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/green_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: Green band aggregated yearly from 30-m bi-monthly gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD green band from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Surface reflectance
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081


**Yearly Landsat ARD Blue band**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/blue_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: Blue band aggregated yearly from 30-m bi-monthly gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD blue band from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Surface reflectance
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081


**Yearly Landsat ARD Near-Infrared band (NIR)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/nir_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: NIR band aggregated yearly from 30-m bi-monthly gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD NIR band from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Surface reflectance
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081


**Yearly Landsat ARD Shortwave Near-Infrared band (SWIR1)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/swir1_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: SWIR1 band aggregated yearly from 30-m bi-monthly gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD SWIR1 band from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Surface reflectance
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081


**Yearly Landsat ARD Shortwave Near-Infrared 2 band (SWIR2)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/swir2_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: SWIR2 band aggregated yearly from 30-m bi-monthly gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD SWIR2 band from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Surface reflectance
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081


**Yearly Landsat ARD Thermal band**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/thermal_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: Thermal band aggregated yearly from 30-m bi-monthly gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD thermal band from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Surface reflectance
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081

**Bi-monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndvi_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv/collection.json
- Description: [NDVI](Tucker, 1979) quantifies vegetation greenness, computed from 30-m bi-monthly aggregated and gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Vegetation
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10884235


**Bi-monthly Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index(SAVI)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/savi_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.bimonthly.m/collection.json
- Description: [SAVI](Huete, 1988) is a vegetation index that attempts to minimize soil brightness influences using a soil-brightness correction factor, computed from 30-m bi-monthly aggregated and gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Vegetation
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10884235


**Bi-monthly Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/fapar_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv/collection.json
- Description: [FAPAR](Robinson et al., 2018) quantifies the fraction of the solar radiation absorbed by live leaves for the photosynthesis activity, computed from 30-m bi-montlhy NDVI from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Vegetation
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10884235


**Bi-monthly Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndsi_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv/collection.json
- Description: NDSI computed for 30-m bi-monthly aggregated and gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Vegetation
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10884235


**Bi-monthly Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI, Gao)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndwi.gao_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.bimonthly.m/collection.json
- Description: [NDWI](Gao, 1996) indicates vegetation liquid water content, computed from 30-m bi-monthly aggregated and gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Water
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10884235


**Bi-monthly Landsat Normalized Difference Tillage Intensity (NDTI)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndti_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv/collection.json
- Description: [NDTI](Van Deventer et al., 1997) differentiates crop residues from soil, computed from 30-m bi-monthly aggregated and gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Tillage
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10884235


**Yearly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndvi_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: NDVI aggregated yearly from bi-monthly NDVI time series from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Vegetation
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081


**Yearly Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI, Gao)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndwi.gao_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: NDWI (Gao) aggregated yearly from bi-monthly NDWI (Gao)
- Theme: Water
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10851081


**Yearly minimum Normalized Difference Tillage Intensity (minNDTI)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndti.min_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.bimonthly.min/collection.json
- Description: Yearly minimum NDTI selected from bi-monthly NDTI at 30-m from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Tillage
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10777869


**Yearly Bare Soil Fraction (BSF)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/bsf_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.m.yearly/collection.json
- Description: BSF (bare soil fraction) computed for 30-m bi-monthly aggregated and gapfilled GLAD Landsat ARD from 2000 to 2022, to indicate the yearly duration a location stays bare.
- Theme: Soil exposure
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10777869


**Yearly Number of Seasons (NOS)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/nos_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv/collection.json
- Description: Number of Seasons (NOS) derived from bimonthly NDVI time series at 30-m from 2000 to 2022, indicating the annual crop cycle numbers.
- Theme: Crop intensity
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10777869


**Yearly Crop Duration Ratio (CDR)**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/cdr_glad.landsat.seasconv/collection.json
- Description: Crop Duration Ratio (CDR) measures the active cropping period's proportion of the year, calculated from bimonthly NDVI time series at 30-m from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Crop intensity
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10777869


**Long term trend of NDVI-P50 between 2000 and 2022**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndvi_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.yearly.m.theilslopes/collection.json
- Description: NDVI slopes fitted on the annual NDVI P50 time series from 2000 to 2022.
- Theme: Vegetation
- DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/10776892


**Long term trend of NDWI-P50 (Gao) between 2000 and 2022**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndwi_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.yearly.m.theilslopes/collection.json
- Description: Slope fitted with Theil-Sen estimator on annual NDWI (Gao) time series between 2000 and 2022
- Theme: Water
- DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/10776892


**Long term trend of BSF between 2000 and 2022**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/bsf_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.yearly.m.theilslopes/collection.json
- Description: Slope fiited with Theil-Sen estimator on annual BSF time series between 2000 and 2022.
- Theme: Soil exposure
- DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/10776892


**Long term trend of minNDTI between 2000 and 2022**
- URL: https://stac.ecodatacube.eu/ndti.min.slopes_glad.landsat.ard2.seasconv.yearly.min.theilslopes/collection.json
- Description: Slope fiited with Theil-Sen estimator on annual minNDTI time series between 2000 and 2022.
- Theme: Tillage
- DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/10776892

### Contacts
These maps are created by [Xuemeng]([email protected]), [Davide]([email protected]), [Leandro]([email protected]), and [Yu-Feng]([email protected]) from [OpenGeoHub](https://opengeohub.org/). If you spot any problems in the maps, or see any possible improvements in them, or see any potential collaborations, or etc..., just raise an issue [here](https://github.com/AI4SoilHealth/SoilHealthDataCube/issues) or send us emails! We appreciate any feedbacks/helps that could refine them.
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