185_Department_Top_Three_Salaries.sql

-- Source: https://leetcode.com/problems/department-top-three-salaries/description/?envType=study-plan-v2&envId=top-sql-50

-- Table: Employee

-- +--------------+---------+
-- | Column Name  | Type    |
-- +--------------+---------+
-- | id           | int     |
-- | name         | varchar |
-- | salary       | int     |
-- | departmentId | int     |
-- +--------------+---------+
-- id is the primary key (column with unique values) for this table.
-- departmentId is a foreign key (reference column) of the ID from the Department table.
-- Each row of this table indicates the ID, name, and salary of an employee. It also contains the ID of their department.

-- Table: Department

-- +-------------+---------+
-- | Column Name | Type    |
-- +-------------+---------+
-- | id          | int     |
-- | name        | varchar |
-- +-------------+---------+
-- id is the primary key (column with unique values) for this table.
-- Each row of this table indicates the ID of a department and its name.

-- A company's executives are interested in seeing who earns the most money in each of the company's departments. A high earner in a department is an employee who has a salary in the top three unique salaries for that department.

-- Write a solution to find the employees who are high earners in each of the departments.

-- Return the result table in any order.

-- The result format is in the following example.

-- Example 1:

-- Input: 
-- Employee table:
-- +----+-------+--------+--------------+
-- | id | name  | salary | departmentId |
-- +----+-------+--------+--------------+
-- | 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
-- | 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
-- | 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
-- | 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
-- | 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
-- | 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
-- | 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
-- +----+-------+--------+--------------+
-- Department table:
-- +----+-------+
-- | id | name  |
-- +----+-------+
-- | 1  | IT    |
-- | 2  | Sales |
-- +----+-------+
-- Output: 
-- +------------+----------+--------+
-- | Department | Employee | Salary |
-- +------------+----------+--------+
-- | IT         | Max      | 90000  |
-- | IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
-- | IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
-- | IT         | Will     | 70000  |
-- | Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
-- | Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
-- +------------+----------+--------+
-- Explanation: 
-- In the IT department:
-- - Max earns the highest unique salary
-- - Both Randy and Joe earn the second-highest unique salary
-- - Will earns the third-highest unique salary

-- In the Sales department:
-- - Henry earns the highest salary
-- - Sam earns the second-highest salary
-- - There is no third-highest salary as there are only two employees

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- SQL Schema

Create table If Not Exists Employee (id int, name varchar(255), salary int, departmentId int)
Create table If Not Exists Department (id int, name varchar(255))
Truncate table Employee
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('1', 'Joe', '85000', '1')
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('2', 'Henry', '80000', '2')
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('3', 'Sam', '60000', '2')
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('4', 'Max', '90000', '1')
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('5', 'Janet', '69000', '1')
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('6', 'Randy', '85000', '1')
insert into Employee (id, name, salary, departmentId) values ('7', 'Will', '70000', '1')
Truncate table Department
insert into Department (id, name) values ('1', 'IT')
insert into Department (id, name) values ('2', 'Sales')

-- MS SQL Server Code

SELECT d.name AS Department, e.name AS Employee, e.salary AS Salary
FROM Employee e 
JOIN Department d
ON e.departmentId = d.id
JOIN (
    SELECT *, DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY departmentId ORDER BY salary DESC) AS 'rank'
    FROM Employee
) AS t
ON t.id = e.id
WHERE t.rank <= 3
ORDER BY 1, 3 DESC