Git

DEFINITIONS
HEAD                                    #pointer to the last commit. cat .git/HEAD shows where it points to
index                                   #aka staging area. contains files to be commited, added with git add

COMMANDS
git log --online     #shows short commit numbers; one line per commit
git add -u                              #update. ensures that also deleted files will be gone from remote/repo
git add <file>                          #add untracked to tracked work. tree or add tracked work. tree to index
git clean [-f, -n] -f                   #delete untracked files. -n shows what will be deleted
git clone https://...repo.git           #clone git repo (files + .git/ + configuration) and start working
git commit -m "commit message"          #commit staged files
git config --global user.email "m@e.ch  #set email
git config --global user.name           #set user's name
git init                                #initialize a repo
git pull origin                         #pull changes, made to origin after cloning, and merge
git push origin master [--force]        #send the commits to remote, force if necessary
git remote                              #lists remote aliases
git remote -v                           #lists remote aliases with the url
git remote add origin <url of .git>     #add remote with the name origin
git remote show origin                  #show info of remote with the alias `origin`
git reset --hard                        #reset index and work. tree; tracked files reverted to (last) <commit>
git rm --cached file.txt                #remove file.txt from stage, but leave locally
git rm -r --cached ./                   #untrack all files in the dir
git status                              #show which files will be commited
git status                              #shows the status obv.

CREATE A GITHUB REPO AND CLONE TO LOCAL MACHINE
- create a repo 'some-project-name' on Github and initialize it (to use clone later on)
- in terminal 'git clone https://github/me/some-project-name
- edit the README.md file
- git commit -m "first commit"
- git push origin master

SCENARIO 1
- I am on a brand new computer and want to work on a repo https://github.com/Dmitrii-I/somerepo.git
- simply run `git clone https://github.com/Dmitrii-I/somerepo.git`
- this above also sets up remote with alias `origin` pointing to https://github.com/Dmitrii-I/somerepo.git

SCENARIO 2
- I am on PC 1 whwere I worked before on a repo
- Last commits to remote were made from PC 2
- How can I update my local repo on PC 1 to reflect the remote repo?
- run 'git pull origin master' and then 'git fetch'
- git fetch is needed to avoid false message 'you commit is ahead of origin/master by x...'

SCENARIO 3
- you're local repo is one commit behind from remote
- you work some and have changes in tracked files, and have new untracked files
- you would like to sync local repo to remote, discarding any changes in local after last commit
- git reset --hard will get rid of changes in tracked files
- git clean -f will delete untracked files
- git pull will sync local repo with remote"