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Oriya character tables

This document lists the per-character shaping information needed to shape Oriya text.

Table of Contents

Oriya character table

Oriya glyphs should be classified as in the following table. Codepoints in the Oriya block with no assigned meaning are designated as unassigned in the Unicode category column.

Assigned codepoints with a null in the Shaping class column evoke no special behavior from the shaping engine. Note that this does include some valid codepoints, such as currency marks, punctuation, and other symbols.

Note: the NUMBER and SYMBOL Shaping classes are important during syllable identification, but generally evoke no further special behavior during the rest of the shaping process.

The Mark-placement subclass column indicates mark-placement positioning for codepoints in the Mark category. Assigned, non-mark codepoints have a null in this column and evoke no special mark-placement behavior. Marks tagged with [Mn] in the Unicode category column are categorized as non-spacing; marks tagged with [Mc] are categorized as spacing-combining.

Some codepoints in the following table use a Shaping class that differs from the codepoint's Unicode General Category. The Shaping class takes precedence during OpenType shaping, as it captures more specific, script-aware behavior.

Codepoint Unicode category Shaping class Mark-placement subclass Glyph
U+0B00 unassigned
U+0B01 Mark [Mn] BINDU TOP_POSITION ଁ Candrabindu
U+0B02 Mark [Mc] BINDU RIGHT_POSITION ଂ Anusvara
U+0B03 Mark [Mc] VISARGA RIGHT_POSITION ଃ Visarga
U+0B04 unassigned
U+0B05 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଅ A
U+0B06 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଆ Aa
U+0B07 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଇ I
U+0B08 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଈ Ii
U+0B09 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଉ U
U+0B0A Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଊ Uu
U+0B0B Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଋ Vocalic R
U+0B0C Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଌ Vocalic L
U+0B0D unassigned
U+0B0E unassigned
U+0B0F Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଏ E
U+0B10 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଐ Ai
U+0B11 unassigned
U+0B12 unassigned
U+0B13 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଓ O
U+0B14 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ଔ Au
U+0B15 Letter CONSONANT null କ Ka
U+0B16 Letter CONSONANT null ଖ Kha
U+0B17 Letter CONSONANT null ଗ Ga
U+0B18 Letter CONSONANT null ଘ Gha
U+0B19 Letter CONSONANT null ଙ Nga
U+0B1A Letter CONSONANT null ଚ Ca
U+0B1B Letter CONSONANT null ଛ Cha
U+0B1C Letter CONSONANT null ଜ Ja
U+0B1D Letter CONSONANT null ଝ Jha
U+0B1E Letter CONSONANT null ଞ Nya
U+0B1F Letter CONSONANT null ଟ Tta
U+0B20 Letter CONSONANT null ଠ Ttha
U+0B21 Letter CONSONANT null ଡ Dda
U+0B22 Letter CONSONANT null ଢ Ddha
U+0B23 Letter CONSONANT null ଣ Nna
U+0B24 Letter CONSONANT null ତ Ta
U+0B25 Letter CONSONANT null ଥ Tha
U+0B26 Letter CONSONANT null ଦ Da
U+0B27 Letter CONSONANT null ଧ Dha
U+0B28 Letter CONSONANT null ନ Na
U+0B29 unassigned
U+0B2A Letter CONSONANT null ପ Pa
U+0B2B Letter CONSONANT null ଫ Pha
U+0B2C Letter CONSONANT null ବ Ba
U+0B2D Letter CONSONANT null ଭ Bha
U+0B2E Letter CONSONANT null ମ Ma
U+0B2F Letter CONSONANT null ଯ Ya
U+0B30 Letter CONSONANT null ର Ra
U+0B31 unassigned
U+0B32 Letter CONSONANT null ଲ La
U+0B33 Letter CONSONANT null ଳ Lla
U+0B34 unassigned
U+0B35 Letter CONSONANT null ଵ Va
U+0B36 Letter CONSONANT null ଶ Sha
U+0B37 Letter CONSONANT null ଷ Ssa
U+0B38 Letter CONSONANT null ସ Sa
U+0B39 Letter CONSONANT null ହ Ha
U+0B3A unassigned
U+0B3B unassigned
U+0B3C Mark [Mn] NUKTA BOTTOM_POSITION ଼ Nukta
U+0B3D Letter AVAGRAHA null ଽ Avagraha
U+0B3E Mark [Mc] VOWEL_DEPENDENT RIGHT_POSITION ା Sign Aa
U+0B3F Mark [Mc] VOWEL_DEPENDENT TOP_POSITION ି Sign I
U+0B40 Mark [Mc] VOWEL_DEPENDENT RIGHT_POSITION ୀ Sign Ii
U+0B41 Mark [Mn] VOWEL_DEPENDENT BOTTOM_POSITION ୁ Sign U
U+0B42 Mark [Mn] VOWEL_DEPENDENT BOTTOM_POSITION ୂ Sign Uu
U+0B43 Mark [Mn] VOWEL_DEPENDENT BOTTOM_POSITION ୃ Sign Vocalic R
U+0B44 Mark [Mn] VOWEL_DEPENDENT BOTTOM_POSITION ୄ Sign Vocalic Rr
U+0B45 unassigned
U+0B46 unassigned
U+0B47 Mark [Mc] VOWEL_DEPENDENT LEFT_POSITION େ Sign E
U+0B48 Mark [Mc] VOWEL_DEPENDENT TOP_AND_LEFT_POSITION ୈ Sign Ai
U+0B49 unassigned
U+0B4A unassigned
U+0B4B Mark [Mc] VOWEL_DEPENDENT LEFT_AND_RIGHT_POSITION ୋ Sign O
U+0B4C Mark [Mc] VOWEL_DEPENDENT TOP_LEFT_AND_RIGHT_POSITION ୌ Sign Au
U+0B4D Mark [Mn] VIRAMA BOTTOM_POSITION ୍ Virama
U+0B4E unassigned
U+0B4F unassigned
U+0B50 unassigned
U+0B51 unassigned
U+0B52 unassigned
U+0B53 unassigned
U+0B54 unassigned
U+0B55 Mark [Mn] VOWEL_DEPENDENT TOP_POSITION ୕ Sign Overline
U+0B56 Mark [Mn] VOWEL_DEPENDENT TOP_POSITION ୖ Ai Length Mark
U+0B57 Mark [Mc] VOWEL_DEPENDENT TOP_AND_RIGHT_POSITION ୗ Au Length Mark
U+0B58 unassigned
U+0B59 unassigned
U+0B5A unassigned
U+0B5B unassigned
U+0B5C Letter CONSONANT null ଡ଼ Rra
U+0B5D Letter CONSONANT null ଢ଼ Rha
U+0B5E unassigned
U+0B5F Letter CONSONANT null ୟ Yya
U+0B60 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ୠ Vocalic Rr
U+0B61 Letter VOWEL_INDEPENDENT null ୡ Vocalic Ll
U+0B62 Mark [Mn] VOWEL_DEPENDENT BOTTOM_POSITION ୢ Sign Vocalic L
U+0B63 Mark [Mn] VOWEL_DEPENDENT BOTTOM_POSITION ୣ Sign Vocalic Ll
U+0B64 unassigned
U+0B65 unassigned
U+0B66 Number NUMBER null ୦ Digit Zero
U+0B67 Number NUMBER null ୧ Digit One
U+0B68 Number NUMBER null ୨ Digit Two
U+0B69 Number NUMBER null ୩ Digit Three
U+0B6A Number NUMBER null ୪ Digit Four
U+0B6B Number NUMBER null ୫ Digit Five
U+0B6C Number NUMBER null ୬ Digit Six
U+0B6D Number NUMBER null ୭ Digit Seven
U+0B6E Number NUMBER null ୮ Digit Eight
U+0B6F Number NUMBER null ୯ Digit Nine
U+0B70 Symbol SYMBOL null ୰ Isshar
U+0B71 Letter CONSONANT null ୱ Wa
U+0B72 Number NUMBER null ୲ Fraction 1/4
U+0B73 Number NUMBER null ୳ Fraction 1/2
U+0B74 Number NUMBER null ୴ Fraction 3/4
U+0B75 Number NUMBER null ୵ Fraction 1/16
U+0B76 Number NUMBER null ୶ Fraction 1/8
U+0B77 Number NUMBER null ୷ Fraction 3/16
U+0B78 unassigned
U+0B79 unassigned
U+0B7A unassigned
U+0B7B unassigned
U+0B7C unassigned
U+0B7D unassigned
U+0B7E unassigned
U+0B7F unassigned

Vedic Extensions character table

Sanskrit runs written in the Oriya script may also include characters from the Vedic Extensions block. These characters should be classified as follows.

Note: See the Vedic Extensions document for additional information.

Codepoint Unicode category Shaping class Mark-placement subclass Glyph
U+1CD0 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION TOP_POSITION ᳐ Tone Karshana
U+1CD1 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION TOP_POSITION ᳑ Tone Shara
U+1CD2 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION TOP_POSITION ᳒ Tone Prenkha
U+1CD3 Punctuation null null ᳓ Sign Nihshvasa
U+1CD4 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION OVERSTRUCK ᳔ Tone Midline Svarita
U+1CD5 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳕ Tone Aggravated Independent Svarita
U+1CD6 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳖ Tone Independent Svarita
U+1CD7 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳗ Tone Kathaka Independent Svarita
U+1CD8 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳘ Tone Candra Below
U+1CD9 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳙ Tone Kathaka Independent Svarita Schroeder
U+1CDA Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION TOP_POSITION ᳚ Tone Double Svarita
U+1CDB Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION TOP_POSITION ᳛ Tone Triple Svarita
U+1CDC Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳜ Tone Kathaka Anudatta
U+1CDD Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳝ Tone Dot Below
U+1CDE Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳞ Tone Two Dots Below
U+1CDF Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ᳟ Tone Three Dots Below
U+1CE0 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION TOP_POSITION ᳠ Tone Rigvedic Kashmiri Independent Svarita
U+1CE1 Mark [Mc] CANTILLATION RIGHT_POSITION ᳡ Tone Atharavedic Independent Svarita
U+1CE2 Mark [Mn] AVAGRAHA OVERSTRUCK ᳢ Sign Visarga Svarita
U+1CE3 Mark [Mn] null OVERSTRUCK ᳣ Sign Visarga Udatta
U+1CE4 Mark [Mn] null OVERSTRUCK ᳤ Sign Reversed Visarga Udatta
U+1CE5 Mark [Mn] null OVERSTRUCK ᳥ Sign Visarga Anudatta
U+1CE6 Mark [Mn] null OVERSTRUCK ᳦ Sign Reversed Visarga Anudatta
U+1CE7 Mark [Mn] null OVERSTRUCK ᳧ Sign Visarga Udatta With Tail
U+1CE8 Mark [Mn] AVAGRAHA OVERSTRUCK ᳨ Sign Visarga Anudatta With Tail
U+1CE9 Letter SYMBOL null ᳩ Sign Anusvara Antargomukha
U+1CEA Letter null null ᳪ Sign Anusvara Bahirgomukha
U+1CEB Letter null null ᳫ Sign Anusvara Vamagomukha
U+1CEC Letter SYMBOL null ᳬ Sign Anusvara Vamagomukha With Tail
U+1CED Mark [Mn] AVAGRAHA BOTTOM_POSITION ᳭ Sign Tiryak
U+1CEE Letter SYMBOL null ᳮ Sign Hexiform Long Anusvara
U+1CEF Letter null null ᳯ Sign Long Anusvara
U+1CF0 Letter null null ᳰ Sign Rthang Long Anusvara
U+1CF2 Letter CONSONANT_DEAD null ᳲ Sign Ardhavisarga
U+1CF3 Letter CONSONANT_DEAD null ᳳ Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga
U+1CF3 Mark [Mc] VISARGA null ᳳ Sign Rotated Ardhavisarga
U+1CF4 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION TOP_POSITION ᳴ Tone Candra Above
U+1CF5 Letter CONSONANT_WITH_STACKER null ᳵ Sign Jihvamuliya
U+1CF6 Letter CONSONANT_WITH_STACKER null ᳶ Sign Upadhmaniya
U+1CF7 Mark [Mc] null null ᳷ Sign Atikrama
U+1CF8 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION null ᳸ Tone Ring Above
U+1CF9 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION null ᳹ Tone Double Ring Above
U+1CFA Letter PLACEHOLDER null ᳺ Sign Double Anusvara Antargomukha
U+1CFB unassigned
U+1CFC unassigned
U+1CFD unassigned
U+1CFE unassigned
U+1CFF unassigned

Miscellaneous character table

In addition to general punctuation, runs of Oriya text often use the danda (U+0964) and double danda (U+0965) punctuation marks from the Devanagari block. Oriya text can also incorporate the udatta (U+0951) and anudatta (U+0952) signs from the Devanagari block.

Codepoint Unicode category Shaping class Mark-placement subclass Glyph
U+0951 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION TOP_POSITION ॑ Udatta
U+0952 Mark [Mn] CANTILLATION BOTTOM_POSITION ॒ Anudatta
U+0964 Punctuation null null । Danda
U+0965 Punctuation null null ॥ Double Danda

Other important characters that may be encountered when shaping runs of Oriya text include the dotted-circle placeholder (U+25CC), the zero-width joiner (U+200D) and zero-width non-joiner (U+200C), and the no-break space (U+00A0).

The dotted-circle placeholder is frequently used when displaying a dependent vowel (matra) or a combining mark in isolation. Real-world text syllables may also use other characters, such as hyphens or dashes, in a similar placeholder fashion; shaping engines should cope with this situation gracefully.

Codepoint Unicode category Shaping class Mark-placement subclass Glyph
U+00A0 Separator PLACEHOLDER null   No-break space
U+200C Other NON_JOINER null ‌ Zero-width non-joiner
U+200D Other JOINER null ‍ Zero-width joiner
U+2010 Punctuation PLACEHOLDER null ‐ Hyphen
U+2011 Punctuation PLACEHOLDER null ‑ No-break hyphen
U+2012 Punctuation PLACEHOLDER null ‒ Figure dash
U+2013 Punctuation PLACEHOLDER null – En dash
U+2014 Punctuation PLACEHOLDER null — Em dash
U+25CC Symbol DOTTED_CIRCLE null ◌ Dotted circle

The zero-width joiner (ZWJ) is primarily used to prevent the formation of a conjunct from a "Consonant,Halant,Consonant" sequence. The sequence "Consonant,Halant,ZWJ,Consonant" blocks the formation of a conjunct between the two consonants.

Note, however, that the "Consonant,Halant" subsequence in the above example may still trigger a half-forms feature. To prevent the application of the half-forms feature in addition to preventing the conjunct, the zero-width non-joiner (ZWNJ) must be used instead. The sequence "Consonant,Halant,ZWNJ,Consonant" should produce the first consonant in its standard form, followed by an explicit "Halant".

A secondary usage of the zero-width joiner is to prevent the formation of "Reph". An initial "Ra,Halant,ZWJ" sequence should not produce a "Reph", where an initial "Ra,Halant" sequence without the zero-width joiner otherwise would.

The no-break space (NBSP) is primarily used to display those codepoints that are defined as non-spacing (marks, dependent vowels (matras), below-base consonant forms, and post-base consonant forms) in an isolated context, as an alternative to displaying them superimposed on the dotted-circle placeholder. These sequences will match "NBSP,ZWJ,Halant,Consonant", "NBSP,mark", or "NBSP,matra".