diff --git a/docs/source/ops.rst b/docs/source/ops.rst
index 2a7b599b..ec8c1c6c 100644
--- a/docs/source/ops.rst
+++ b/docs/source/ops.rst
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ PyTreeSpec Functions
     treespec_entry
     treespec_children
     treespec_child
+    treespec_one_level
     treespec_transform
     treespec_is_leaf
     treespec_is_strict_leaf
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@ PyTreeSpec Functions
 .. autofunction:: treespec_entry
 .. autofunction:: treespec_children
 .. autofunction:: treespec_child
+.. autofunction:: treespec_one_level
 .. autofunction:: treespec_transform
 .. autofunction:: treespec_is_leaf
 .. autofunction:: treespec_is_strict_leaf
diff --git a/optree/__init__.py b/optree/__init__.py
index 7bb07e09..12d985e7 100644
--- a/optree/__init__.py
+++ b/optree/__init__.py
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@
     treespec_list,
     treespec_namedtuple,
     treespec_none,
+    treespec_one_level,
     treespec_ordereddict,
     treespec_paths,
     treespec_structseq,
@@ -171,6 +172,7 @@
     'treespec_entry',
     'treespec_children',
     'treespec_child',
+    'treespec_one_level',
     'treespec_transform',
     'treespec_is_leaf',
     'treespec_is_strict_leaf',
diff --git a/optree/ops.py b/optree/ops.py
index 9b615d75..c3be21ee 100644
--- a/optree/ops.py
+++ b/optree/ops.py
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
     'treespec_entry',
     'treespec_children',
     'treespec_child',
+    'treespec_one_level',
     'treespec_transform',
     'treespec_is_leaf',
     'treespec_is_strict_leaf',
@@ -2540,6 +2541,12 @@ def treespec_paths(treespec: PyTreeSpec) -> list[tuple[Any, ...]]:
     """Return a list of paths to the leaves of a treespec.
 
     See also :func:`tree_flatten_with_path`, :func:`tree_paths`, and :meth:`PyTreeSpec.paths`.
+
+    >>> treespec = tree_structure({'b': 3, 'a': (0, [1, 2]), 'c': (4, None)})
+    >>> treespec
+    PyTreeSpec({'a': (*, [*, *]), 'b': *, 'c': (*, None)})
+    >>> treespec_paths(treespec)
+    [('a', 0), ('a', 1, 0), ('a', 1, 1), ('b',), ('c', 0)]
     """
     return treespec.paths()
 
@@ -2570,6 +2577,12 @@ def treespec_entries(treespec: PyTreeSpec) -> list[Any]:
 
     See also :func:`treespec_entry`, :func:`treespec_paths`, :func:`treespec_children`,
     and :meth:`PyTreeSpec.entries`.
+
+    >>> treespec = tree_structure({'b': 3, 'a': (0, [1, 2]), 'c': (4, None)})
+    >>> treespec
+    PyTreeSpec({'a': (*, [*, *]), 'b': *, 'c': (*, None)})
+    >>> treespec_entries(treespec)
+    ['a', 'b', 'c']
     """
     return treespec.entries()
 
@@ -2586,7 +2599,13 @@ def treespec_children(treespec: PyTreeSpec) -> list[PyTreeSpec]:
     """Return a list of treespecs for the children of a treespec.
 
     See also :func:`treespec_child`, :func:`treespec_paths`, :func:`treespec_entries`,
-    and :meth:`PyTreeSpec.children`.
+    :func:`treespec_one_level`, and :meth:`PyTreeSpec.children`.
+
+    >>> treespec = tree_structure({'b': 3, 'a': (0, [1, 2]), 'c': (4, None)})
+    >>> treespec
+    PyTreeSpec({'a': (*, [*, *]), 'b': *, 'c': (*, None)})
+    >>> treespec_children(treespec)
+    [PyTreeSpec((*, [*, *])), PyTreeSpec(*), PyTreeSpec((*, None))]
     """
     return treespec.children()
 
@@ -2599,6 +2618,20 @@ def treespec_child(treespec: PyTreeSpec, index: int) -> PyTreeSpec:
     return treespec.child(index)
 
 
+def treespec_one_level(treespec: PyTreeSpec) -> PyTreeSpec | None:
+    """Return the one-level tree structure of the treespec or :data:`None` if the treespec is a leaf.
+
+    See also :func:`treespec_children` and :meth:`PyTreeSpec.one_level`.
+
+    >>> treespec = tree_structure({'b': 3, 'a': (0, [1, 2]), 'c': (4, None)})
+    >>> treespec
+    PyTreeSpec({'a': (*, [*, *]), 'b': *, 'c': (*, None)})
+    >>> treespec_one_level(treespec)
+    PyTreeSpec({'a': *, 'b': *, 'c': *})
+    """
+    return treespec.one_level()
+
+
 def treespec_transform(
     treespec: PyTreeSpec,
     f_node: Callable[[PyTreeSpec], PyTreeSpec] | None = None,
diff --git a/tests/test_treespec.py b/tests/test_treespec.py
index 10018a87..095d223b 100644
--- a/tests/test_treespec.py
+++ b/tests/test_treespec.py
@@ -923,6 +923,57 @@ def test_treespec_child(
         ]
 
 
+@parametrize(
+    tree=TREES,
+    none_is_leaf=[False, True],
+    namespace=['', 'undefined', 'namespace'],
+    dict_should_be_sorted=[False, True],
+    dict_session_namespace=['', 'undefined', 'namespace'],
+)
+def test_treespec_one_level(
+    tree,
+    none_is_leaf,
+    namespace,
+    dict_should_be_sorted,
+    dict_session_namespace,
+):
+    with optree.dict_insertion_ordered(
+        not dict_should_be_sorted,
+        namespace=dict_session_namespace or GLOBAL_NAMESPACE,
+    ):
+        treespec = optree.tree_structure(tree, none_is_leaf=none_is_leaf, namespace=namespace)
+        if treespec.type is None:
+            assert treespec.is_leaf()
+            assert optree.treespec_one_level(treespec) is None
+            assert optree.treespec_children(treespec) == []
+            assert treespec.num_children == 0
+        else:
+            one_level = optree.treespec_one_level(treespec)
+            num_children = treespec.num_children
+            assert not treespec.is_leaf()
+            assert not one_level.is_leaf()
+            assert one_level.one_level() == one_level
+            assert one_level.num_nodes == num_children + 1
+            assert one_level.num_leaves == num_children
+            assert one_level.num_children == num_children
+            assert len(one_level) == num_children
+            assert optree.treespec_entries(one_level) == optree.treespec_entries(treespec)
+            assert all(optree.treespec_child(one_level, i).is_leaf() for i in range(num_children))
+            assert all(child.is_leaf() for child in optree.treespec_children(one_level))
+            assert optree.treespec_is_prefix(one_level, treespec)
+            assert optree.treespec_is_suffix(treespec, one_level)
+            assert (
+                optree.treespec_from_collection(
+                    optree.tree_unflatten(one_level, treespec.children()),
+                    none_is_leaf=none_is_leaf,
+                    namespace=namespace,
+                )
+                == treespec
+            )
+            it = iter(treespec.children())
+            assert optree.treespec_transform(one_level, None, lambda _: next(it)) == treespec
+
+
 def test_treespec_transform():
     treespec = optree.tree_structure(((1, 2, 3), (4,)))
     assert optree.treespec_transform(treespec) == treespec