diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/CHANGELOG.md b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/CHANGELOG.md
index 6716adf5e44..7182f9acc98 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,15 +6,30 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 ## [Unreleased] - ReleaseDate
 
-### Breaking changes
+### Features
 
-- Replaced `Room::compute_display_name` with the reintroduced `Room::display_name()`. The new
-  method computes a display name, or return a cached value from the previous successful computation.
-  If you need a sync variant, consider using `Room::cached_display_name()`.
+- [**breaking**] `EventCacheStore` allows to control which media content is
+  allowed in the media cache, and how long it should be kept, with a
+  `MediaRetentionPolicy`:
+  - `EventCacheStore::add_media_content()` has an extra argument,
+    `ignore_policy`, which decides whether a media content should ignore the
+    `MediaRetentionPolicy`. It should be stored alongside the media content.
+  - `EventCacheStore` has four new methods: `media_retention_policy()`,
+    `set_media_retention_policy()`, `set_ignore_media_retention_policy()` and
+    `clean_up_media_cache()`.
+  - `EventCacheStore` implementations should delegate media cache methods to the
+    methods of the same name of `MediaService` to use the `MediaRetentionPolicy`.
+    They need to implement the `EventCacheStoreMedia` trait that can be tested
+    with the `event_cache_store_media_integration_tests!` macro.
+    ([#4571](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk/pull/4571))
 
-### Features
+### Refactor
 
-### Bug Fixes
+- [**breaking**] Replaced `Room::compute_display_name` with the reintroduced
+  `Room::display_name()`. The new method computes a display name, or return a
+  cached value from the previous successful computation. If you need a sync
+  variant, consider using `Room::cached_display_name()`.
+  ([#4470](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk/pull/4470))
 
 ## [0.9.0] - 2024-12-18
 
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/integration_tests.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/integration_tests.rs
index 83ab9b3eda1..b710b3b6dc6 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/integration_tests.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use ruma::{
     push::Action, room_id, uint, RoomId,
 };
 
-use super::DynEventCacheStore;
+use super::{media::IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy, DynEventCacheStore};
 use crate::{
     event_cache::{Event, Gap},
     media::{MediaFormat, MediaRequestParameters, MediaThumbnailSettings},
@@ -168,7 +168,9 @@ impl EventCacheStoreIntegrationTests for DynEventCacheStore {
         );
 
         // Let's add the media.
-        self.add_media_content(&request_file, content.clone()).await.expect("adding media failed");
+        self.add_media_content(&request_file, content.clone(), IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+            .await
+            .expect("adding media failed");
 
         // Media is present in the cache.
         assert_eq!(
@@ -196,7 +198,7 @@ impl EventCacheStoreIntegrationTests for DynEventCacheStore {
         );
 
         // Let's add the media again.
-        self.add_media_content(&request_file, content.clone())
+        self.add_media_content(&request_file, content.clone(), IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
             .await
             .expect("adding media again failed");
 
@@ -207,9 +209,13 @@ impl EventCacheStoreIntegrationTests for DynEventCacheStore {
         );
 
         // Let's add the thumbnail media.
-        self.add_media_content(&request_thumbnail, thumbnail_content.clone())
-            .await
-            .expect("adding thumbnail failed");
+        self.add_media_content(
+            &request_thumbnail,
+            thumbnail_content.clone(),
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("adding thumbnail failed");
 
         // Media's thumbnail is present.
         assert_eq!(
@@ -225,9 +231,13 @@ impl EventCacheStoreIntegrationTests for DynEventCacheStore {
         );
 
         // Let's add another media with a different URI.
-        self.add_media_content(&request_other_file, other_content.clone())
-            .await
-            .expect("adding other media failed");
+        self.add_media_content(
+            &request_other_file,
+            other_content.clone(),
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("adding other media failed");
 
         // Other file is present.
         assert_eq!(
@@ -279,7 +289,9 @@ impl EventCacheStoreIntegrationTests for DynEventCacheStore {
         assert!(self.get_media_content(&req).await.unwrap().is_none(), "unexpected media found");
 
         // Add the media.
-        self.add_media_content(&req, content.clone()).await.expect("adding media failed");
+        self.add_media_content(&req, content.clone(), IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+            .await
+            .expect("adding media failed");
 
         // Sanity-check: media is found after adding it.
         assert_eq!(self.get_media_content(&req).await.unwrap().unwrap(), b"hello");
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/integration_tests.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/integration_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..647c0096d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/integration_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1035 @@
+// Copyright 2025 Kévin Commaille
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Trait and macro of integration tests for `EventCacheStoreMedia`
+//! implementations.
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use ruma::{
+    events::room::MediaSource,
+    mxc_uri, owned_mxc_uri,
+    time::{Duration, SystemTime},
+};
+
+use super::{
+    media_service::IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy, EventCacheStoreMedia, MediaRetentionPolicy,
+};
+use crate::media::{MediaFormat, MediaRequestParameters};
+
+/// [`EventCacheStoreMedia`] integration tests.
+///
+/// This trait is not meant to be used directly, but will be used with the
+/// [`event_cache_store_media_integration_tests!`] macro.
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+pub trait EventCacheStoreMediaIntegrationTests {
+    /// Test media retention policy storage.
+    async fn test_store_media_retention_policy(&self);
+
+    /// Test media content's retention policy max file size.
+    async fn test_media_max_file_size(&self);
+
+    /// Test media content's retention policy max cache size.
+    async fn test_media_max_cache_size(&self);
+
+    /// Test media content's retention policy expiry.
+    async fn test_media_expiry(&self);
+
+    /// Test [`IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy`] with the media content's retention
+    /// policy max sizes.
+    async fn test_media_ignore_max_size(&self);
+
+    /// Test [`IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy`] with the media content's retention
+    /// policy expiry.
+    async fn test_media_ignore_expiry(&self);
+}
+
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+impl<Store> EventCacheStoreMediaIntegrationTests for Store
+where
+    Store: EventCacheStoreMedia + std::fmt::Debug,
+{
+    async fn test_store_media_retention_policy(&self) {
+        let stored = self.media_retention_policy_inner().await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+
+        let policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::default();
+        self.set_media_retention_policy_inner(policy).await.unwrap();
+
+        let stored = self.media_retention_policy_inner().await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(stored, Some(policy));
+    }
+
+    async fn test_media_max_file_size(&self) {
+        let time = SystemTime::now();
+
+        // 256 bytes content.
+        let content_big = vec![0; 256];
+        let uri_big = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/big-media");
+        let request_big = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_big),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // 128 bytes content.
+        let content_avg = vec![0; 128];
+        let uri_avg = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/average-media");
+        let request_avg = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_avg),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // 64 bytes content.
+        let content_small = vec![0; 64];
+        let uri_small = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/small-media");
+        let request_small = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_small),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // First, with a policy that doesn't accept the big media.
+        let policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty().with_max_file_size(Some(200));
+
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_big,
+            content_big.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_avg,
+            content_avg.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small,
+            content_small,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // The big content was NOT cached but the others were.
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // A cleanup doesn't have any effect.
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Change to a policy that doesn't accept the average media.
+        let policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty().with_max_file_size(Some(100));
+
+        // The cleanup removes the average media.
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Caching big and average media doesn't work.
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_big,
+            content_big.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_avg,
+            content_avg.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+
+        // If there are both a cache size and a file size, the minimum value is used.
+        let policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty()
+            .with_max_cache_size(Some(200))
+            .with_max_file_size(Some(1000));
+
+        // Caching big doesn't work.
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_big,
+            content_big.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_avg,
+            content_avg.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Change to a policy that doesn't accept the average media.
+        let policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty()
+            .with_max_cache_size(Some(100))
+            .with_max_file_size(Some(1000));
+
+        // The cleanup removes the average media.
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Caching big and average media doesn't work.
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_big,
+            content_big,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_avg,
+            content_avg,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+    }
+
+    async fn test_media_max_cache_size(&self) {
+        // 256 bytes content.
+        let content_big = vec![0; 256];
+        let uri_big = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/big-media");
+        let request_big = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_big),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // 128 bytes content.
+        let content_avg = vec![0; 128];
+        let uri_avg = mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/average-media");
+        let request_avg = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_avg.to_owned()),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // 64 bytes content.
+        let content_small = vec![0; 64];
+        let uri_small_1 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/small-media-1");
+        let request_small_1 = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_small_1),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+        let uri_small_2 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/small-media-2");
+        let request_small_2 = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_small_2),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+        let uri_small_3 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/small-media-3");
+        let request_small_3 = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_small_3),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+        let uri_small_4 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/small-media-4");
+        let request_small_4 = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_small_4),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+        let uri_small_5 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/small-media-5");
+        let request_small_5 = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_small_5),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // A policy that doesn't accept the big media.
+        let policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty().with_max_cache_size(Some(200));
+
+        // Try to add all the content at different times.
+        let mut time = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_big,
+            content_big,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_1,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_2,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_3,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_4,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_5,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_avg,
+            content_avg,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // The big content was NOT cached but the others were.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_for_uri_inner(uri_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Cleanup removes the oldest content first.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Reinsert the small medias that were removed.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_1,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_2,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_3,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small_4,
+            content_small,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Check that they are cached.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Access small_5 too so its last access is updated too.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Cleanup still removes the oldest content first, which is not the same as
+        // before.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        tracing::info!(?self, "before");
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+        tracing::info!(?self, "after");
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+    }
+
+    async fn test_media_expiry(&self) {
+        // 64 bytes content.
+        let content = vec![0; 64];
+
+        let uri_1 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-1");
+        let request_1 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_1), format: MediaFormat::File };
+        let uri_2 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-2");
+        let request_2 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_2), format: MediaFormat::File };
+        let uri_3 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-3");
+        let request_3 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_3), format: MediaFormat::File };
+        let uri_4 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-4");
+        let request_4 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_4), format: MediaFormat::File };
+        let uri_5 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-5");
+        let request_5 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_5), format: MediaFormat::File };
+
+        // A policy with 30 seconds expiry.
+        let policy =
+            MediaRetentionPolicy::empty().with_last_access_expiry(Some(Duration::from_secs(30)));
+
+        // Add all the content at different times.
+        let mut time = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_1,
+            content.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_2,
+            content.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_3,
+            content.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_4,
+            content.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_5,
+            content,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // The content was cached.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // We are now at UNIX_EPOCH + 10 seconds, the oldest content was accessed 5
+        // seconds ago.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        assert_eq!(time, SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(10));
+
+        // Cleanup has no effect, nothing has expired.
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // We are now at UNIX_EPOCH + 16 seconds, the oldest content was accessed 5
+        // seconds ago.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        assert_eq!(time, SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(16));
+
+        // Jump 26 seconds in the future, so the 2 first media contents are expired.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(26);
+
+        // Cleanup removes the two oldest media contents.
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+    }
+
+    async fn test_media_ignore_max_size(&self) {
+        // 256 bytes content.
+        let content_big = vec![0; 256];
+        let uri_big = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/big-media");
+        let request_big = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_big),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // 128 bytes content.
+        let content_avg = vec![0; 128];
+        let uri_avg = mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/average-media");
+        let request_avg = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_avg.to_owned()),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // 64 bytes content.
+        let content_small = vec![0; 64];
+        let uri_small = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/small-media-1");
+        let request_small = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_small),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // A policy that will result in only one media content in the cache, which is
+        // the average or small content, depending on the last access time.
+        let policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty().with_max_cache_size(Some(150));
+
+        // Try to add all the big content without ignoring the policy, it should fail.
+        let mut time = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_big,
+            content_big.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+
+        // Try to add it again but ignore the policy this time, it should succeed.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_big,
+            content_big,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Add the other contents.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_small,
+            content_small.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_avg,
+            content_avg,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // The other contents were added.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_for_uri_inner(uri_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Ignore the average content for now so the max cache size is not reached.
+        self.set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(&request_avg, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Because the big and average contents are ignored, cleanup has no effect.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_for_uri_inner(uri_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // Stop ignoring the big media, it should then be cleaned up.
+        self.set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(&request_big, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_for_uri_inner(uri_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+
+        // Stop ignoring the average media. Since the cache size is bigger than
+        // the max, the content that was not the last accessed should be cleaned up.
+        self.set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(&request_avg, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_small, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_for_uri_inner(uri_avg, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_big, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+    }
+
+    async fn test_media_ignore_expiry(&self) {
+        // 64 bytes content.
+        let content = vec![0; 64];
+
+        let uri_1 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-1");
+        let request_1 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_1), format: MediaFormat::File };
+        let uri_2 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-2");
+        let request_2 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_2), format: MediaFormat::File };
+        let uri_3 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-3");
+        let request_3 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_3), format: MediaFormat::File };
+        let uri_4 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-4");
+        let request_4 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_4), format: MediaFormat::File };
+        let uri_5 = owned_mxc_uri!("mxc://localhost/media-5");
+        let request_5 =
+            MediaRequestParameters { source: MediaSource::Plain(uri_5), format: MediaFormat::File };
+
+        // A policy with 30 seconds expiry.
+        let policy =
+            MediaRetentionPolicy::empty().with_last_access_expiry(Some(Duration::from_secs(30)));
+
+        // Add all the content at different times.
+        let mut time = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_1,
+            content.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_2,
+            content.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_3,
+            content.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_4,
+            content.clone(),
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        self.add_media_content_inner(
+            &request_5,
+            content,
+            time,
+            policy,
+            IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // The content was cached.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+
+        // We advance of 120 seconds, all media should be expired.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(120);
+
+        // Cleanup removes all the media contents that are not ignored.
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_some());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+
+        // Do no ignore the content anymore.
+        self.set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(&request_1, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        self.set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(&request_2, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // We advance of 120 seconds, all media should be expired again.
+        time += Duration::from_secs(120);
+
+        // Cleanup removes the remaining media contents.
+        self.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, time).await.unwrap();
+
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_1, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_2, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_3, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_4, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+        time += Duration::from_secs(1);
+        let stored = self.get_media_content_inner(&request_5, time).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(stored.is_none());
+    }
+}
+
+/// Macro building to allow your [`EventCacheStoreMedia`] implementation to run
+/// the entire tests suite locally.
+///
+/// Can be run with the `with_media_size_tests` argument to include more tests
+/// about the media cache retention policy based on content size. It is not
+/// recommended to run those in encrypted stores because the size of the
+/// encrypted content may vary compared to what the tests expect.
+///
+/// You need to provide an `async fn get_event_cache_store() ->
+/// event_cache::store::Result<Store>` that provides a fresh event cache store
+/// that implements `EventCacheStoreMedia` on the same level you invoke the
+/// macro.
+///
+/// ## Usage Example:
+/// ```no_run
+/// # use matrix_sdk_base::event_cache::store::{
+/// #    EventCacheStore,
+/// #    MemoryStore as MyStore,
+/// #    Result as EventCacheStoreResult,
+/// # };
+///
+/// #[cfg(test)]
+/// mod tests {
+///     use super::{EventCacheStoreResult, MyStore};
+///
+///     async fn get_event_cache_store() -> EventCacheStoreResult<MyStore> {
+///         Ok(MyStore::new())
+///     }
+///
+///     event_cache_store_media_integration_tests!();
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[allow(unused_macros, unused_extern_crates)]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! event_cache_store_media_integration_tests {
+    (with_media_size_tests) => {
+        mod event_cache_store_media_integration_tests {
+            $crate::event_cache_store_media_integration_tests!(@inner);
+
+            #[async_test]
+            async fn test_media_max_file_size() {
+                let event_cache_store_media = get_event_cache_store().await.unwrap();
+                event_cache_store_media.test_media_max_file_size().await;
+            }
+
+            #[async_test]
+            async fn test_media_max_cache_size() {
+                let event_cache_store_media = get_event_cache_store().await.unwrap();
+                event_cache_store_media.test_media_max_cache_size().await;
+            }
+
+            #[async_test]
+            async fn test_media_ignore_max_size() {
+                let event_cache_store_media = get_event_cache_store().await.unwrap();
+                event_cache_store_media.test_media_ignore_max_size().await;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    () => {
+        mod event_cache_store_media_integration_tests {
+            $crate::event_cache_store_media_integration_tests!(@inner);
+        }
+    };
+
+    (@inner) => {
+        use matrix_sdk_test::async_test;
+        use $crate::event_cache::store::media::EventCacheStoreMediaIntegrationTests;
+
+        use super::get_event_cache_store;
+
+        #[async_test]
+        async fn test_store_media_retention_policy() {
+            let event_cache_store_media = get_event_cache_store().await.unwrap();
+            event_cache_store_media.test_store_media_retention_policy().await;
+        }
+
+        #[async_test]
+        async fn test_media_expiry() {
+            let event_cache_store_media = get_event_cache_store().await.unwrap();
+            event_cache_store_media.test_media_expiry().await;
+        }
+
+        #[async_test]
+        async fn test_media_ignore_expiry() {
+            let event_cache_store_media = get_event_cache_store().await.unwrap();
+            event_cache_store_media.test_media_ignore_expiry().await;
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/media_retention_policy.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/media_retention_policy.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6d6ce0379b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/media_retention_policy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+// Copyright 2025 Kévin Commaille
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Configuration to decide whether or not to keep media in the cache, allowing
+//! to do periodic cleanups to avoid to have the size of the media cache grow
+//! indefinitely.
+
+use ruma::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// The retention policy for media content used by the [`EventCacheStore`].
+///
+/// [`EventCacheStore`]: crate::event_cache::store::EventCacheStore
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct MediaRetentionPolicy {
+    /// The maximum authorized size of the overall media cache, in bytes.
+    ///
+    /// The cache size is defined as the sum of the sizes of all the (possibly
+    /// encrypted) media contents in the cache, excluding any metadata
+    /// associated with them.
+    ///
+    /// If this is set and the cache size is bigger than this value, the oldest
+    /// media contents in the cache will be removed during a cleanup until the
+    /// cache size is below this threshold.
+    ///
+    /// Note that it is possible for the cache size to temporarily exceed this
+    /// value between two cleanups.
+    ///
+    /// Defaults to 400 MiB.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub max_cache_size: Option<usize>,
+
+    /// The maximum authorized size of a single media content, in bytes.
+    ///
+    /// The size of a media content is the size taken by the content in the
+    /// database, after it was possibly encrypted, so it might differ from the
+    /// initial size of the content.
+    ///
+    /// The maximum authorized size of a single media content is actually the
+    /// lowest value between `max_cache_size` and `max_file_size`.
+    ///
+    /// If it is set, media content bigger than the maximum size will not be
+    /// cached. If the maximum size changed after media content that exceeds the
+    /// new value was cached, the corresponding content will be removed
+    /// during a cleanup.
+    ///
+    /// Defaults to 20 MiB.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub max_file_size: Option<usize>,
+
+    /// The duration after which unaccessed media content is considered
+    /// expired.
+    ///
+    /// If this is set, media content whose last access is older than this
+    /// duration will be removed from the media cache during a cleanup.
+    ///
+    /// Defaults to 60 days.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub last_access_expiry: Option<Duration>,
+}
+
+impl MediaRetentionPolicy {
+    /// Create a [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] with the default values.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Create an empty [`MediaRetentionPolicy`].
+    ///
+    /// This means that all media will be cached and cleanups have no effect.
+    pub fn empty() -> Self {
+        Self { max_cache_size: None, max_file_size: None, last_access_expiry: None }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the maximum authorized size of the overall media cache, in bytes.
+    pub fn with_max_cache_size(mut self, size: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        self.max_cache_size = size;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the maximum authorized size of a single media content, in bytes.
+    pub fn with_max_file_size(mut self, size: Option<usize>) -> Self {
+        self.max_file_size = size;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the duration before which unaccessed media content is considered
+    /// expired.
+    pub fn with_last_access_expiry(mut self, duration: Option<Duration>) -> Self {
+        self.last_access_expiry = duration;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this policy has limitations.
+    ///
+    /// If this policy has no limitations, a cleanup job would have no effect.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` if at least one limitation is set.
+    pub fn has_limitations(&self) -> bool {
+        self.max_cache_size.is_some()
+            || self.max_file_size.is_some()
+            || self.last_access_expiry.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the given size exceeds the maximum authorized size of the media
+    /// cache.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `size` - The overall size of the media cache to check, in bytes.
+    pub fn exceeds_max_cache_size(&self, size: usize) -> bool {
+        self.max_cache_size.is_some_and(|max_size| size > max_size)
+    }
+
+    /// The computed maximum authorized size of a single media content, in
+    /// bytes.
+    ///
+    /// This is the lowest value between `max_cache_size` and `max_file_size`.
+    pub fn computed_max_file_size(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        match (self.max_cache_size, self.max_file_size) {
+            (None, None) => None,
+            (None, Some(size)) => Some(size),
+            (Some(size), None) => Some(size),
+            (Some(max_cache_size), Some(max_file_size)) => Some(max_cache_size.min(max_file_size)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the given size, in bytes, exceeds the computed maximum
+    /// authorized size of a single media content.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `size` - The size of the media content to check, in bytes.
+    pub fn exceeds_max_file_size(&self, size: usize) -> bool {
+        self.computed_max_file_size().is_some_and(|max_size| size > max_size)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether a content whose last access was at the given time has expired.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `current_time` - The current time.
+    ///
+    /// * `last_access_time` - The time when the media content to check was last
+    ///   accessed.
+    pub fn has_content_expired(
+        &self,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+        last_access_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> bool {
+        self.last_access_expiry.is_some_and(|max_duration| {
+            current_time
+                .duration_since(last_access_time)
+                // If this returns an error, the last access time is newer than the current time.
+                // This shouldn't happen but in this case the content cannot be expired.
+                .is_ok_and(|elapsed| elapsed >= max_duration)
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for MediaRetentionPolicy {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            // 400 MiB.
+            max_cache_size: Some(400 * 1024 * 1024),
+            // 20 MiB.
+            max_file_size: Some(20 * 1024 * 1024),
+            // 60 days.
+            last_access_expiry: Some(Duration::from_secs(60 * 24 * 60 * 60)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use ruma::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+
+    use super::MediaRetentionPolicy;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_media_retention_policy_has_limitations() {
+        let mut policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty();
+        assert!(!policy.has_limitations());
+
+        policy = policy.with_last_access_expiry(Some(Duration::from_secs(60)));
+        assert!(policy.has_limitations());
+
+        policy = policy.with_last_access_expiry(None);
+        assert!(!policy.has_limitations());
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_cache_size(Some(1_024));
+        assert!(policy.has_limitations());
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_cache_size(None);
+        assert!(!policy.has_limitations());
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_file_size(Some(1_024));
+        assert!(policy.has_limitations());
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_file_size(None);
+        assert!(!policy.has_limitations());
+
+        // With default values.
+        assert!(MediaRetentionPolicy::new().has_limitations());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_media_retention_policy_max_cache_size() {
+        let file_size = 2_048;
+
+        let mut policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty();
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_cache_size(file_size));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), None);
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_cache_size(Some(4_096));
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_cache_size(file_size));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(4_096));
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_cache_size(Some(2_048));
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_cache_size(file_size));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(2_048));
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_cache_size(Some(1_024));
+        assert!(policy.exceeds_max_cache_size(file_size));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(1_024));
+        assert!(policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_media_retention_policy_max_file_size() {
+        let file_size = 2_048;
+
+        let mut policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty();
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), None);
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        // With max_file_size only.
+        policy = policy.with_max_file_size(Some(4_096));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(4_096));
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_file_size(Some(2_048));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(2_048));
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_file_size(Some(1_024));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(1_024));
+        assert!(policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        // With max_cache_size as well.
+        policy = policy.with_max_cache_size(Some(2_048));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(1_024));
+        assert!(policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_file_size(Some(2_048));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(2_048));
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_file_size(Some(4_096));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(2_048));
+        assert!(!policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+
+        policy = policy.with_max_cache_size(Some(1_024));
+        assert_eq!(policy.computed_max_file_size(), Some(1_024));
+        assert!(policy.exceeds_max_file_size(file_size));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_media_retention_policy_has_content_expired() {
+        let epoch = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
+        let last_access_time = epoch + Duration::from_secs(30);
+        let epoch_plus_60 = epoch + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        let epoch_plus_120 = epoch + Duration::from_secs(120);
+
+        let mut policy = MediaRetentionPolicy::empty();
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(last_access_time, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_60, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_120, last_access_time));
+
+        policy = policy.with_last_access_expiry(Some(Duration::from_secs(120)));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(last_access_time, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_60, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_120, last_access_time));
+
+        policy = policy.with_last_access_expiry(Some(Duration::from_secs(60)));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(last_access_time, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_60, last_access_time));
+        assert!(policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_120, last_access_time));
+
+        policy = policy.with_last_access_expiry(Some(Duration::from_secs(30)));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch, last_access_time));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(last_access_time, last_access_time));
+        assert!(policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_60, last_access_time));
+        assert!(policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_120, last_access_time));
+
+        policy = policy.with_last_access_expiry(Some(Duration::from_secs(0)));
+        assert!(!policy.has_content_expired(epoch, last_access_time));
+        assert!(policy.has_content_expired(last_access_time, last_access_time));
+        assert!(policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_60, last_access_time));
+        assert!(policy.has_content_expired(epoch_plus_120, last_access_time));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/media_service.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/media_service.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..722c0c5ec88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/media_service.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,884 @@
+// Copyright 2025 Kévin Commaille
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use matrix_sdk_common::{locks::Mutex, AsyncTraitDeps};
+use ruma::{time::SystemTime, MxcUri};
+use tokio::sync::Mutex as AsyncMutex;
+
+use super::MediaRetentionPolicy;
+use crate::{event_cache::store::EventCacheStoreError, media::MediaRequestParameters};
+
+/// API for implementors of [`EventCacheStore`] to manage their media through
+/// their implementation of [`EventCacheStoreMedia`].
+///
+/// [`EventCacheStore`]: crate::event_cache::store::EventCacheStore
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MediaService<Time: TimeProvider = DefaultTimeProvider> {
+    /// The time provider.
+    time_provider: Time,
+
+    /// The current [`MediaRetentionPolicy`].
+    policy: Mutex<MediaRetentionPolicy>,
+
+    /// A mutex to ensure a single cleanup is running at a time.
+    cleanup_guard: AsyncMutex<()>,
+}
+
+impl MediaService {
+    /// Construct a new default `MediaService`.
+    ///
+    /// [`MediaService::restore()`] should be called after constructing the
+    /// `MediaService` to restore its previous state.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for MediaService {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::with_time_provider(DefaultTimeProvider)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Time> MediaService<Time>
+where
+    Time: TimeProvider,
+{
+    /// Construct a new `MediaService` with the given `TimeProvider` and an
+    /// empty `MediaRetentionPolicy`.
+    fn with_time_provider(time_provider: Time) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            time_provider,
+            policy: Mutex::new(MediaRetentionPolicy::empty()),
+            cleanup_guard: AsyncMutex::new(()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Restore the previous state of the [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] from data
+    /// that was persisted in the store.
+    ///
+    /// This should be called immediately after constructing the `MediaService`.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `policy` - The `MediaRetentionPolicy` that was persisted in the store.
+    pub fn restore(&self, policy: Option<MediaRetentionPolicy>) {
+        if let Some(policy) = policy {
+            *self.policy.lock() = policy;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Set the `MediaRetentionPolicy` of this service.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `store` - The `EventCacheStoreMedia`.
+    ///
+    /// * `policy` - The `MediaRetentionPolicy` to use.
+    pub async fn set_media_retention_policy<Store: EventCacheStoreMedia>(
+        &self,
+        store: &Store,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Store::Error> {
+        store.set_media_retention_policy_inner(policy).await?;
+
+        *self.policy.lock() = policy;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Get the `MediaRetentionPolicy` of this service.
+    pub fn media_retention_policy(&self) -> MediaRetentionPolicy {
+        *self.policy.lock()
+    }
+
+    /// Add a media file's content in the media store.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `store` - The `EventCacheStoreMedia`.
+    ///
+    /// * `request` - The `MediaRequestParameters` of the file.
+    ///
+    /// * `content` - The content of the file.
+    ///
+    /// * `ignore_policy` - Whether the current `MediaRetentionPolicy` should be
+    ///   ignored.
+    pub async fn add_media_content<Store: EventCacheStoreMedia>(
+        &self,
+        store: &Store,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        content: Vec<u8>,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Store::Error> {
+        let policy = self.media_retention_policy();
+
+        if ignore_policy == IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No
+            && policy.exceeds_max_file_size(content.len())
+        {
+            // We do not cache the content.
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        store
+            .add_media_content_inner(
+                request,
+                content,
+                self.time_provider.now(),
+                policy,
+                ignore_policy,
+            )
+            .await
+    }
+
+    /// Set whether the current [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] should be ignored for
+    /// the media.
+    ///
+    /// The change will be taken into account in the next cleanup.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `store` - The `EventCacheStoreMedia`.
+    ///
+    /// * `request` - The `MediaRequestParameters` of the file.
+    ///
+    /// * `ignore_policy` - Whether the current `MediaRetentionPolicy` should be
+    ///   ignored.
+    pub async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy<Store: EventCacheStoreMedia>(
+        &self,
+        store: &Store,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Store::Error> {
+        store.set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(request, ignore_policy).await
+    }
+
+    /// Get a media file's content out of the media store.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `store` - The `EventCacheStoreMedia`.
+    ///
+    /// * `request` - The `MediaRequestParameters` of the file.
+    pub async fn get_media_content<Store: EventCacheStoreMedia>(
+        &self,
+        store: &Store,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Store::Error> {
+        store.get_media_content_inner(request, self.time_provider.now()).await
+    }
+
+    /// Get a media file's content associated to an `MxcUri` from the
+    /// media store.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `store` - The `EventCacheStoreMedia`.
+    ///
+    /// * `uri` - The `MxcUri` of the media file.
+    pub async fn get_media_content_for_uri<Store: EventCacheStoreMedia>(
+        &self,
+        store: &Store,
+        uri: &MxcUri,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Store::Error> {
+        store.get_media_content_for_uri_inner(uri, self.time_provider.now()).await
+    }
+
+    /// Clean up the media cache with the current `MediaRetentionPolicy`.
+    ///
+    /// If there is already an ongoing cleanup, this is a noop.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `store` - The `EventCacheStoreMedia`.
+    pub async fn clean_up_media_cache<Store: EventCacheStoreMedia>(
+        &self,
+        store: &Store,
+    ) -> Result<(), Store::Error> {
+        let Ok(_guard) = self.cleanup_guard.try_lock() else {
+            // There is another ongoing cleanup.
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        let policy = self.media_retention_policy();
+
+        if !policy.has_limitations() {
+            // No need to call the backend.
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        store.clean_up_media_cache_inner(policy, self.time_provider.now()).await
+    }
+}
+
+/// An abstract trait that can be used to implement different store backends
+/// for the media cache of the SDK.
+///
+/// The main purposes of this trait are to be able to centralize where we handle
+/// [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] by wrapping this in a [`MediaService`], and to
+/// simplify the implementation of tests by being able to have complete control
+/// over the `SystemTime`s provided to the store.
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+pub trait EventCacheStoreMedia: AsyncTraitDeps {
+    /// The error type used by this media cache store.
+    type Error: fmt::Debug + Into<EventCacheStoreError>;
+
+    /// The persisted media retention policy in the media cache.
+    async fn media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Option<MediaRetentionPolicy>, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Persist the media retention policy in the media cache.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `policy` - The `MediaRetentionPolicy` to persist.
+    async fn set_media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Add a media file's content in the media cache.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `request` - The `MediaRequestParameters` of the file.
+    ///
+    /// * `content` - The content of the file.
+    ///
+    /// * `current_time` - The current time, to set the last access time of the
+    ///   media.
+    ///
+    /// * `policy` - The media retention policy, to check whether the media is
+    ///   too big to be cached.
+    ///
+    /// * `ignore_policy` - Whether the `MediaRetentionPolicy` should be ignored
+    ///   for this media. This setting should be persisted alongside the media
+    ///   and taken into account whenever the policy is used.
+    async fn add_media_content_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        content: Vec<u8>,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Set whether the current [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] should be ignored for
+    /// the media.
+    ///
+    /// If the media of the given request is not found, this should be a noop.
+    ///
+    /// The change will be taken into account in the next cleanup.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `request` - The `MediaRequestParameters` of the file.
+    ///
+    /// * `ignore_policy` - Whether the current `MediaRetentionPolicy` should be
+    ///   ignored.
+    async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Get a media file's content out of the media cache.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `request` - The `MediaRequestParameters` of the file.
+    ///
+    /// * `current_time` - The current time, to update the last access time of
+    ///   the media.
+    async fn get_media_content_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Get a media file's content associated to an `MxcUri` from the
+    /// media store.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `uri` - The `MxcUri` of the media file.
+    ///
+    /// * `current_time` - The current time, to update the last access time of
+    ///   the media.
+    async fn get_media_content_for_uri_inner(
+        &self,
+        uri: &MxcUri,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Clean up the media cache with the given policy.
+    ///
+    /// For the integration tests, it is expected that content that does not
+    /// pass the last access expiry and max file size criteria will be
+    /// removed first. After that, the remaining cache size should be
+    /// computed to compare against the max cache size criteria.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `policy` - The media retention policy to use for the cleanup. The
+    ///   `cleanup_frequency` will be ignored.
+    ///
+    /// * `current_time` - The current time, to be used to check for expired
+    ///   content.
+    async fn clean_up_media_cache_inner(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+}
+
+/// Whether the [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] should be ignored for the current
+/// content.
+///
+/// Some media cache actions are noops when the media content that is processed
+/// is filtered out by the policy. This can break some features of the SDK, like
+/// the send queue, that expects to be able to persist all media files in the
+/// store to restore them when the client is restored.
+///
+/// This can be converted to a boolean with
+/// [`IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::is_yes()`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy {
+    /// The media retention policy will be ignored and the current action will
+    /// not be a noop.
+    ///
+    /// Any media content in this state must NOT be used when applying a
+    /// `MediaRetentionPolicy`. This applies to ANY criteria, like the maximum
+    /// file size, the maximum cache size or the last access expiry.
+    ///
+    /// This state is supposed to be transient, and to only be used internally
+    /// by the SDK.
+    Yes,
+
+    /// The media retention policy will be respected and the current action
+    /// might be a noop.
+    No,
+}
+
+impl IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy {
+    /// Whether this is an [`IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes`] variant.
+    pub fn is_yes(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Yes)
+    }
+}
+
+/// An abstract trait to provide the current `SystemTime` for the
+/// [`MediaService`].
+pub trait TimeProvider {
+    /// The current time.
+    fn now(&self) -> SystemTime;
+}
+
+/// The default time provider, that calls `ruma::time::SystemTime::now()`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DefaultTimeProvider;
+
+impl TimeProvider for DefaultTimeProvider {
+    fn now(&self) -> SystemTime {
+        SystemTime::now()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::{fmt, sync::MutexGuard};
+
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use matrix_sdk_common::locks::Mutex;
+    use matrix_sdk_test::async_test;
+    use ruma::{
+        events::room::MediaSource,
+        mxc_uri,
+        time::{Duration, SystemTime},
+        MxcUri, OwnedMxcUri,
+    };
+
+    use super::{EventCacheStoreMedia, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy, MediaService, TimeProvider};
+    use crate::{
+        event_cache::store::{media::MediaRetentionPolicy, EventCacheStoreError},
+        media::{MediaFormat, MediaRequestParameters, UniqueKey},
+    };
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Default)]
+    struct MockEventCacheStoreMedia {
+        inner: Mutex<MockEventCacheStoreMediaInner>,
+    }
+
+    impl MockEventCacheStoreMedia {
+        /// Whether the store was accessed.
+        fn accessed(&self) -> bool {
+            self.inner.lock().accessed
+        }
+
+        /// Reset the `accessed` boolean.
+        fn reset_accessed(&self) {
+            self.inner.lock().accessed = false;
+        }
+
+        /// Access the inner store.
+        ///
+        /// Should be called for every access to the inner store as it also sets
+        /// the `accessed` boolean.
+        fn inner(&self) -> MutexGuard<'_, MockEventCacheStoreMediaInner> {
+            let mut inner = self.inner.lock();
+            inner.accessed = true;
+            inner
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Default)]
+    struct MockEventCacheStoreMediaInner {
+        /// Whether this store was accessed.
+        ///
+        /// Must be set to `true` for any operation that unlocks the store.
+        accessed: bool,
+
+        /// The persisted media retention policy.
+        media_retention_policy: Option<MediaRetentionPolicy>,
+
+        /// The list of media content.
+        media_list: Vec<MediaContent>,
+
+        /// The time of the last cleanup.
+        cleanup_time: Option<SystemTime>,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    struct MediaContent {
+        /// The unique key for the media content.
+        key: String,
+
+        /// The original URI of the media content.
+        uri: OwnedMxcUri,
+
+        /// The media content.
+        content: Vec<u8>,
+
+        /// Whether the `MediaRetentionPolicy` should be ignored for this media
+        /// content;
+        ignore_policy: bool,
+
+        /// The time of the last access of the media content.
+        last_access: SystemTime,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct MockEventCacheStoreMediaError;
+
+    impl fmt::Display for MockEventCacheStoreMediaError {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+            write!(f, "MockEventCacheStoreMediaError")
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl std::error::Error for MockEventCacheStoreMediaError {}
+
+    impl From<MockEventCacheStoreMediaError> for EventCacheStoreError {
+        fn from(value: MockEventCacheStoreMediaError) -> Self {
+            Self::backend(value)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
+    #[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+    impl EventCacheStoreMedia for MockEventCacheStoreMedia {
+        type Error = MockEventCacheStoreMediaError;
+
+        async fn media_retention_policy_inner(
+            &self,
+        ) -> Result<Option<MediaRetentionPolicy>, Self::Error> {
+            Ok(self.inner().media_retention_policy)
+        }
+
+        async fn set_media_retention_policy_inner(
+            &self,
+            policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+        ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+            self.inner().media_retention_policy = Some(policy);
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        async fn add_media_content_inner(
+            &self,
+            request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+            content: Vec<u8>,
+            current_time: SystemTime,
+            policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+            ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+        ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+            let ignore_policy = ignore_policy.is_yes();
+
+            if !ignore_policy && policy.exceeds_max_file_size(content.len()) {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            let mut inner = self.inner();
+            let key = request.unique_key();
+
+            if let Some(pos) = inner.media_list.iter().position(|content| content.key == key) {
+                let media_content = &mut inner.media_list[pos];
+                media_content.content = content;
+                media_content.last_access = current_time;
+                media_content.ignore_policy = ignore_policy;
+            } else {
+                inner.media_list.push(MediaContent {
+                    key,
+                    uri: request.uri().to_owned(),
+                    content,
+                    ignore_policy,
+                    last_access: current_time,
+                });
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(
+            &self,
+            request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+            ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+        ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+            let key = request.unique_key();
+            let mut inner = self.inner();
+
+            if let Some(pos) = inner.media_list.iter().position(|content| content.key == key) {
+                inner.media_list[pos].ignore_policy = ignore_policy.is_yes();
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        async fn get_media_content_inner(
+            &self,
+            request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+            current_time: SystemTime,
+        ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
+            let key = request.unique_key();
+            let mut inner = self.inner();
+
+            let Some(media_content) =
+                inner.media_list.iter_mut().find(|content| content.key == key)
+            else {
+                return Ok(None);
+            };
+
+            media_content.last_access = current_time;
+
+            Ok(Some(media_content.content.clone()))
+        }
+
+        async fn get_media_content_for_uri_inner(
+            &self,
+            uri: &MxcUri,
+            current_time: SystemTime,
+        ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
+            let mut inner = self.inner();
+
+            let Some(media_content) =
+                inner.media_list.iter_mut().find(|content| content.uri == uri)
+            else {
+                return Ok(None);
+            };
+
+            media_content.last_access = current_time;
+
+            Ok(Some(media_content.content.clone()))
+        }
+
+        async fn clean_up_media_cache_inner(
+            &self,
+            _policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+            current_time: SystemTime,
+        ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+            // This is mostly a noop. We don't care about this test implementation, only
+            // whether this method was called with the right time.
+            self.inner().cleanup_time = Some(current_time);
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct MockTimeProvider {
+        now: Mutex<SystemTime>,
+    }
+
+    impl MockTimeProvider {
+        /// Construct a `MockTimeProvider` with the given current time.
+        fn new(now: SystemTime) -> Self {
+            Self { now: Mutex::new(now) }
+        }
+
+        /// Set the current time.
+        fn set_now(&self, now: SystemTime) {
+            *self.now.lock() = now;
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl TimeProvider for MockTimeProvider {
+        fn now(&self) -> SystemTime {
+            *self.now.lock()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_test]
+    async fn test_media_service_empty_policy() {
+        let content = b"some text content";
+        let uri = mxc_uri!("mxc://server.local/AbcDe1234");
+        let request = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(uri.to_owned()),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        let now = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
+
+        let store = MockEventCacheStoreMedia::default();
+        let service = MediaService::with_time_provider(MockTimeProvider::new(now));
+
+        // By default an empty policy is used.
+        assert!(!service.media_retention_policy().has_limitations());
+        service.restore(None);
+        assert!(!service.media_retention_policy().has_limitations());
+        assert!(!store.accessed());
+
+        // Add media.
+        service
+            .add_media_content(&store, &request, content.to_vec(), IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+
+        let media_content = store.inner().media_list[0].clone();
+        assert_eq!(media_content.uri, uri);
+        assert_eq!(media_content.content, content);
+        assert!(!media_content.ignore_policy);
+        assert_eq!(media_content.last_access, now);
+
+        let now = now + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        service.time_provider.set_now(now);
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        // Get media from request.
+        let loaded_content = service.get_media_content(&store, &request).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(loaded_content.as_deref(), Some(content.as_slice()));
+
+        // The last access time was updated.
+        let media = store.inner().media_list[0].clone();
+        assert_eq!(media.last_access, now);
+
+        let now = now + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        service.time_provider.set_now(now);
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        // Get media from URI.
+        let loaded_content = service.get_media_content_for_uri(&store, uri).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(loaded_content.as_deref(), Some(content.as_slice()));
+
+        // The last access time was updated.
+        let media = store.inner().media_list[0].clone();
+        assert_eq!(media.last_access, now);
+
+        // Update ignore_policy.
+        service
+            .set_ignore_media_retention_policy(&store, &request, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+
+        let media_content = store.inner().media_list[0].clone();
+        assert!(media_content.ignore_policy);
+
+        // Try a cleanup. With the empty policy the store should not be accessed.
+        assert_eq!(store.inner().cleanup_time, None);
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        service.clean_up_media_cache(&store).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(!store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(store.inner().cleanup_time, None);
+    }
+
+    #[async_test]
+    async fn test_media_service_non_empty_policy() {
+        // Content of less than 32 bytes.
+        let small_content = b"some text content";
+        let small_uri = mxc_uri!("mxc://server.local/small");
+        let small_request = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(small_uri.to_owned()),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // Content of more than 32 bytes.
+        let big_content = b"some much much larger text content";
+        let big_uri = mxc_uri!("mxc://server.local/big");
+        let big_request = MediaRequestParameters {
+            source: MediaSource::Plain(big_uri.to_owned()),
+            format: MediaFormat::File,
+        };
+
+        // Limit the file size to 32 bytes in the retention policy.
+        let policy = MediaRetentionPolicy { max_file_size: Some(32), ..Default::default() };
+
+        let now = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
+
+        let store = MockEventCacheStoreMedia::default();
+        let service = MediaService::with_time_provider(MockTimeProvider::new(now));
+
+        // Check that restoring the policy works.
+        service.restore(Some(MediaRetentionPolicy::default()));
+        assert_eq!(service.media_retention_policy(), MediaRetentionPolicy::default());
+        assert!(!store.accessed());
+
+        // Set the media retention policy.
+        service.set_media_retention_policy(&store, policy).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(service.media_retention_policy(), policy);
+        assert_eq!(store.inner().media_retention_policy, Some(policy));
+
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        // Add small media, it should work because its size is lower than the max file
+        // size.
+        service
+            .add_media_content(
+                &store,
+                &small_request,
+                small_content.to_vec(),
+                IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+
+        let media_content = store.inner().media_list[0].clone();
+        assert_eq!(media_content.uri, small_uri);
+        assert_eq!(media_content.content, small_content);
+        assert!(!media_content.ignore_policy);
+        assert_eq!(media_content.last_access, now);
+
+        let now = now + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        service.time_provider.set_now(now);
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        // Get media from request.
+        let loaded_content = service.get_media_content(&store, &small_request).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(loaded_content.as_deref(), Some(small_content.as_slice()));
+
+        // The last access time was updated.
+        let media = store.inner().media_list[0].clone();
+        assert_eq!(media.last_access, now);
+
+        let now = now + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        service.time_provider.set_now(now);
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        // Get media from URI.
+        let loaded_content = service.get_media_content_for_uri(&store, small_uri).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(loaded_content.as_deref(), Some(small_content.as_slice()));
+
+        // The last access time was updated.
+        let media = store.inner().media_list[0].clone();
+        assert_eq!(media.last_access, now);
+
+        let now = now + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        service.time_provider.set_now(now);
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        // Add big media, it will not work because it is bigger than the max file size.
+        service
+            .add_media_content(
+                &store,
+                &big_request,
+                big_content.to_vec(),
+                IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(!store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(store.inner().media_list.len(), 1);
+
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        let loaded_content = service.get_media_content(&store, &big_request).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(loaded_content, None);
+
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        let loaded_content = service.get_media_content_for_uri(&store, big_uri).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(loaded_content, None);
+
+        // Add big media, but this time ignore the policy.
+        service
+            .add_media_content(
+                &store,
+                &big_request,
+                big_content.to_vec(),
+                IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes,
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(store.inner().media_list.len(), 2);
+
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        // Get media from request.
+        let loaded_content = service.get_media_content(&store, &big_request).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(loaded_content.as_deref(), Some(big_content.as_slice()));
+
+        // The last access time was updated.
+        let media = store.inner().media_list[1].clone();
+        assert_eq!(media.last_access, now);
+
+        let now = now + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        service.time_provider.set_now(now);
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        // Get media from URI.
+        let loaded_content = service.get_media_content_for_uri(&store, big_uri).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(loaded_content.as_deref(), Some(big_content.as_slice()));
+
+        // The last access time was updated.
+        let media = store.inner().media_list[1].clone();
+        assert_eq!(media.last_access, now);
+
+        // Try a cleanup, the store should be accessed.
+        assert_eq!(store.inner().cleanup_time, None);
+
+        let now = now + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        service.time_provider.set_now(now);
+        store.reset_accessed();
+
+        service.clean_up_media_cache(&store).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(store.accessed());
+        assert_eq!(store.inner().cleanup_time, Some(now));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/mod.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..00a5ce1bb70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/media/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2025 Kévin Commaille
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Types and traits regarding media caching of the event cache store.
+
+mod media_retention_policy;
+mod media_service;
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod integration_tests;
+
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
+pub use self::integration_tests::EventCacheStoreMediaIntegrationTests;
+pub use self::{
+    media_retention_policy::MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    media_service::{EventCacheStoreMedia, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy, MediaService},
+};
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/memory_store.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/memory_store.rs
index 4606e91298e..f3a4a02609d 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/memory_store.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/memory_store.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,15 @@ use matrix_sdk_common::{
     ring_buffer::RingBuffer,
     store_locks::memory_store_helper::try_take_leased_lock,
 };
-use ruma::{time::Instant, MxcUri, OwnedMxcUri, RoomId};
+use ruma::{
+    time::{Instant, SystemTime},
+    MxcUri, OwnedMxcUri, RoomId,
+};
 
-use super::{EventCacheStore, EventCacheStoreError, Result};
+use super::{
+    media::{EventCacheStoreMedia, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy, MediaRetentionPolicy, MediaService},
+    EventCacheStore, EventCacheStoreError, Result,
+};
 use crate::{
     event_cache::{Event, Gap},
     media::{MediaRequestParameters, UniqueKey as _},
@@ -35,13 +41,34 @@ use crate::{
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct MemoryStore {
     inner: StdRwLock<MemoryStoreInner>,
+    media_service: MediaService,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct MemoryStoreInner {
-    media: RingBuffer<(OwnedMxcUri, String /* unique key */, Vec<u8>)>,
+    media: RingBuffer<MediaContent>,
     leases: HashMap<String, (String, Instant)>,
     events: RelationalLinkedChunk<Event, Gap>,
+    media_retention_policy: Option<MediaRetentionPolicy>,
+}
+
+/// A media content in the `MemoryStore`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct MediaContent {
+    /// The URI of the content.
+    uri: OwnedMxcUri,
+
+    /// The unique key of the content.
+    key: String,
+
+    /// The bytes of the content.
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+
+    /// Whether we should ignore the [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] for this content.
+    ignore_policy: bool,
+
+    /// The time of the last access of the content.
+    last_access: SystemTime,
 }
 
 // SAFETY: `new_unchecked` is safe because 20 is not zero.
@@ -54,7 +81,10 @@ impl Default for MemoryStore {
                 media: RingBuffer::new(NUMBER_OF_MEDIAS),
                 leases: Default::default(),
                 events: RelationalLinkedChunk::new(),
+                media_retention_policy: None,
             }),
+            // No need to call `restore()` since nothing is persisted.
+            media_service: MediaService::new(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -113,15 +143,9 @@ impl EventCacheStore for MemoryStore {
         &self,
         request: &MediaRequestParameters,
         data: Vec<u8>,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        // Avoid duplication. Let's try to remove it first.
-        self.remove_media_content(request).await?;
-
-        // Now, let's add it.
-        let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
-        inner.media.push((request.uri().to_owned(), request.unique_key(), data));
-
-        Ok(())
+        self.media_service.add_media_content(self, request, data, ignore_policy).await
     }
 
     async fn replace_media_key(
@@ -133,23 +157,18 @@ impl EventCacheStore for MemoryStore {
 
         let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
 
-        if let Some((mxc, key, _)) = inner.media.iter_mut().find(|(_, key, _)| *key == expected_key)
+        if let Some(media_content) =
+            inner.media.iter_mut().find(|media_content| media_content.key == expected_key)
         {
-            *mxc = to.uri().to_owned();
-            *key = to.unique_key();
+            media_content.uri = to.uri().to_owned();
+            media_content.key = to.unique_key();
         }
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn get_media_content(&self, request: &MediaRequestParameters) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        let expected_key = request.unique_key();
-
-        let inner = self.inner.read().unwrap();
-
-        Ok(inner.media.iter().find_map(|(_media_uri, media_key, media_content)| {
-            (media_key == &expected_key).then(|| media_content.to_owned())
-        }))
+        self.media_service.get_media_content(self, request).await
     }
 
     async fn remove_media_content(&self, request: &MediaRequestParameters) -> Result<()> {
@@ -157,10 +176,8 @@ impl EventCacheStore for MemoryStore {
 
         let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
 
-        let Some(index) = inner
-            .media
-            .iter()
-            .position(|(_media_uri, media_key, _media_content)| media_key == &expected_key)
+        let Some(index) =
+            inner.media.iter().position(|media_content| media_content.key == expected_key)
         else {
             return Ok(());
         };
@@ -174,24 +191,17 @@ impl EventCacheStore for MemoryStore {
         &self,
         uri: &MxcUri,
     ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
-        let inner = self.inner.read().unwrap();
-
-        Ok(inner.media.iter().find_map(|(media_uri, _media_key, media_content)| {
-            (media_uri == uri).then(|| media_content.to_owned())
-        }))
+        self.media_service.get_media_content_for_uri(self, uri).await
     }
 
     async fn remove_media_content_for_uri(&self, uri: &MxcUri) -> Result<()> {
         let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
 
-        let expected_key = uri.to_owned();
         let positions = inner
             .media
             .iter()
             .enumerate()
-            .filter_map(|(position, (media_uri, _media_key, _media_content))| {
-                (media_uri == &expected_key).then_some(position)
-            })
+            .filter_map(|(position, media_content)| (media_content.uri == uri).then_some(position))
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         // Iterate in reverse-order so that positions stay valid after first removals.
@@ -201,16 +211,240 @@ impl EventCacheStore for MemoryStore {
 
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    async fn set_media_retention_policy(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.media_service.set_media_retention_policy(self, policy).await
+    }
+
+    fn media_retention_policy(&self) -> MediaRetentionPolicy {
+        self.media_service.media_retention_policy()
+    }
+
+    async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.media_service.set_ignore_media_retention_policy(self, request, ignore_policy).await
+    }
+
+    async fn clean_up_media_cache(&self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.media_service.clean_up_media_cache(self).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+impl EventCacheStoreMedia for MemoryStore {
+    type Error = EventCacheStoreError;
+
+    async fn media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Option<MediaRetentionPolicy>, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(self.inner.read().unwrap().media_retention_policy)
+    }
+
+    async fn set_media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.inner.write().unwrap().media_retention_policy = Some(policy);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn add_media_content_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        data: Vec<u8>,
+        last_access: SystemTime,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        // Avoid duplication. Let's try to remove it first.
+        self.remove_media_content(request).await?;
+
+        let ignore_policy = ignore_policy.is_yes();
+
+        if !ignore_policy && policy.exceeds_max_file_size(data.len()) {
+            // Do not store it.
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        // Now, let's add it.
+        let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
+        inner.media.push(MediaContent {
+            uri: request.uri().to_owned(),
+            key: request.unique_key(),
+            data,
+            ignore_policy,
+            last_access,
+        });
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
+        let expected_key = request.unique_key();
+
+        if let Some(media_content) = inner.media.iter_mut().find(|media| media.key == expected_key)
+        {
+            media_content.ignore_policy = ignore_policy.is_yes();
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn get_media_content_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
+        let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
+        let expected_key = request.unique_key();
+
+        // First get the content out of the buffer, we are going to put it back at the
+        // end.
+        let Some(index) = inner.media.iter().position(|media| media.key == expected_key) else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let Some(mut content) = inner.media.remove(index) else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+
+        // Clone the data.
+        let data = content.data.clone();
+
+        // Update the last access time.
+        content.last_access = current_time;
+
+        // Put it back in the buffer.
+        inner.media.push(content);
+
+        Ok(Some(data))
+    }
+
+    async fn get_media_content_for_uri_inner(
+        &self,
+        expected_uri: &MxcUri,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
+        let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
+
+        // First get the content out of the buffer, we are going to put it back at the
+        // end.
+        let Some(index) = inner.media.iter().position(|media| media.uri == expected_uri) else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        let Some(mut content) = inner.media.remove(index) else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+
+        // Clone the data.
+        let data = content.data.clone();
+
+        // Update the last access time.
+        content.last_access = current_time;
+
+        // Put it back in the buffer.
+        inner.media.push(content);
+
+        Ok(Some(data))
+    }
+
+    async fn clean_up_media_cache_inner(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        if !policy.has_limitations() {
+            // We can safely skip all the checks.
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let mut inner = self.inner.write().unwrap();
+
+        // First, check media content that exceed the max filesize.
+        if policy.computed_max_file_size().is_some() {
+            inner.media.retain(|content| {
+                content.ignore_policy || !policy.exceeds_max_file_size(content.data.len())
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Then, clean up expired media content.
+        if policy.last_access_expiry.is_some() {
+            inner.media.retain(|content| {
+                content.ignore_policy
+                    || !policy.has_content_expired(current_time, content.last_access)
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Finally, if the cache size is too big, remove old items until it fits.
+        if let Some(max_cache_size) = policy.max_cache_size {
+            // Reverse the iterator because in case the cache size is overflowing, we want
+            // to count the number of old items to remove. Items are sorted by last access
+            // and old items are at the start.
+            let (_, items_to_remove) = inner.media.iter().enumerate().rev().fold(
+                (0usize, Vec::with_capacity(NUMBER_OF_MEDIAS.into())),
+                |(mut cache_size, mut items_to_remove), (index, content)| {
+                    if content.ignore_policy {
+                        // Do not count it.
+                        return (cache_size, items_to_remove);
+                    }
+
+                    let remove_item = if items_to_remove.is_empty() {
+                        // We have not reached the max cache size yet.
+                        if let Some(sum) = cache_size.checked_add(content.data.len()) {
+                            cache_size = sum;
+                            // Start removing items if we have exceeded the max cache size.
+                            cache_size > max_cache_size
+                        } else {
+                            // The cache size is overflowing, remove the remaining items, since the
+                            // max cache size cannot be bigger than
+                            // usize::MAX.
+                            true
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // We have reached the max cache size already, just remove it.
+                        true
+                    };
+
+                    if remove_item {
+                        items_to_remove.push(index);
+                    }
+
+                    (cache_size, items_to_remove)
+                },
+            );
+
+            // The indexes are already in reverse order so we can just iterate in that order
+            // to remove them starting by the end.
+            for index in items_to_remove {
+                inner.media.remove(index);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::{EventCacheStore, MemoryStore, Result};
+    use super::{MemoryStore, Result};
+    use crate::event_cache_store_media_integration_tests;
 
-    async fn get_event_cache_store() -> Result<impl EventCacheStore> {
+    async fn get_event_cache_store() -> Result<MemoryStore> {
         Ok(MemoryStore::new())
     }
 
     event_cache_store_integration_tests!();
     event_cache_store_integration_tests_time!();
+    event_cache_store_media_integration_tests!(with_media_size_tests);
 }
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/mod.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/mod.rs
index 454b34995f0..08679cb11ec 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/mod.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use std::{fmt, ops::Deref, str::Utf8Error, sync::Arc};
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
 #[macro_use]
 pub mod integration_tests;
+pub mod media;
 mod memory_store;
 mod traits;
 
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/traits.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/traits.rs
index 654706273ff..b9fdeddec4e 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/traits.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-base/src/event_cache/store/traits.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ use matrix_sdk_common::{
 };
 use ruma::{MxcUri, RoomId};
 
-use super::EventCacheStoreError;
+use super::{
+    media::{IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy, MediaRetentionPolicy},
+    EventCacheStoreError,
+};
 use crate::{
     event_cache::{Event, Gap},
     media::MediaRequestParameters,
@@ -88,6 +91,7 @@ pub trait EventCacheStore: AsyncTraitDeps {
         &self,
         request: &MediaRequestParameters,
         content: Vec<u8>,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
     ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
     /// Replaces the given media's content key with another one.
@@ -162,6 +166,42 @@ pub trait EventCacheStore: AsyncTraitDeps {
     ///
     /// * `uri` - The `MxcUri` of the media files.
     async fn remove_media_content_for_uri(&self, uri: &MxcUri) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Set the `MediaRetentionPolicy` to use for deciding whether to store or
+    /// keep media content.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `policy` - The `MediaRetentionPolicy` to use.
+    async fn set_media_retention_policy(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Get the current `MediaRetentionPolicy`.
+    fn media_retention_policy(&self) -> MediaRetentionPolicy;
+
+    /// Set whether the current [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] should be ignored for
+    /// the media.
+    ///
+    /// The change will be taken into account in the next cleanup.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `request` - The `MediaRequestParameters` of the file.
+    ///
+    /// * `ignore_policy` - Whether the current `MediaRetentionPolicy` should be
+    ///   ignored.
+    async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+
+    /// Clean up the media cache with the current `MediaRetentionPolicy`.
+    ///
+    /// If there is already an ongoing cleanup, this is a noop.
+    async fn clean_up_media_cache(&self) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 }
 
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -211,8 +251,9 @@ impl<T: EventCacheStore> EventCacheStore for EraseEventCacheStoreError<T> {
         &self,
         request: &MediaRequestParameters,
         content: Vec<u8>,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
     ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.0.add_media_content(request, content).await.map_err(Into::into)
+        self.0.add_media_content(request, content, ignore_policy).await.map_err(Into::into)
     }
 
     async fn replace_media_key(
@@ -247,6 +288,29 @@ impl<T: EventCacheStore> EventCacheStore for EraseEventCacheStoreError<T> {
     async fn remove_media_content_for_uri(&self, uri: &MxcUri) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
         self.0.remove_media_content_for_uri(uri).await.map_err(Into::into)
     }
+
+    async fn set_media_retention_policy(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.0.set_media_retention_policy(policy).await.map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    fn media_retention_policy(&self) -> MediaRetentionPolicy {
+        self.0.media_retention_policy()
+    }
+
+    async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.0.set_ignore_media_retention_policy(request, ignore_policy).await.map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+
+    async fn clean_up_media_cache(&self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.0.clean_up_media_cache().await.map_err(Into::into)
+    }
 }
 
 /// A type-erased [`EventCacheStore`].
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/CHANGELOG.md b/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/CHANGELOG.md
index b37a3a9a0cc..b665ac473d0 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 ## [Unreleased] - ReleaseDate
 
+### Features
+
+- [**breaking**] `SqliteEventCacheStore` implements the new APIs of
+  `EventCacheStore` for `MediaRetentionPolicy`. See the changelog of
+  `matrix-sdk-base` for more details.
+  ([#4571](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk/pull/4571))
+
 ## [0.9.0] - 2024-12-18
 
 ### Features
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/migrations/event_cache_store/004_ignore_policy.sql b/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/migrations/event_cache_store/004_ignore_policy.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b556f6a9080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/migrations/event_cache_store/004_ignore_policy.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- Add an ignore_policy column, defaulting to FALSE for all media content.
+ALTER TABLE "media"
+    ADD COLUMN "ignore_policy" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE;
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/src/event_cache_store.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/src/event_cache_store.rs
index 2afef54ef91..7695dee3ba1 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/src/event_cache_store.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/src/event_cache_store.rs
@@ -19,23 +19,40 @@ use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt, path::Path, sync::Arc};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use deadpool_sqlite::{Object as SqliteAsyncConn, Pool as SqlitePool, Runtime};
 use matrix_sdk_base::{
-    event_cache::{store::EventCacheStore, Event, Gap},
+    event_cache::{
+        store::{
+            media::{
+                EventCacheStoreMedia, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy, MediaRetentionPolicy,
+                MediaService,
+            },
+            EventCacheStore,
+        },
+        Event, Gap,
+    },
     linked_chunk::{ChunkContent, ChunkIdentifier, RawChunk, Update},
     media::{MediaRequestParameters, UniqueKey},
 };
 use matrix_sdk_store_encryption::StoreCipher;
-use ruma::{MilliSecondsSinceUnixEpoch, RoomId};
-use rusqlite::{OptionalExtension, Transaction, TransactionBehavior};
+use ruma::{time::SystemTime, MilliSecondsSinceUnixEpoch, MxcUri, RoomId};
+use rusqlite::{params_from_iter, OptionalExtension, Transaction, TransactionBehavior};
 use tokio::fs;
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+use tracing::warn;
 use tracing::{debug, trace};
 
 use crate::{
     error::{Error, Result},
-    utils::{Key, SqliteAsyncConnExt, SqliteKeyValueStoreAsyncConnExt, SqliteKeyValueStoreConnExt},
+    utils::{
+        repeat_vars, time_to_timestamp, Key, SqliteAsyncConnExt, SqliteKeyValueStoreAsyncConnExt,
+        SqliteKeyValueStoreConnExt, SqliteTransactionExt,
+    },
     OpenStoreError,
 };
 
 mod keys {
+    // Entries in Key-value store
+    pub const MEDIA_RETENTION_POLICY: &str = "media_retention_policy";
+
     // Tables
     pub const LINKED_CHUNKS: &str = "linked_chunks";
     pub const MEDIA: &str = "media";
@@ -46,7 +63,7 @@ mod keys {
 /// This is used to figure whether the SQLite database requires a migration.
 /// Every new SQL migration should imply a bump of this number, and changes in
 /// the [`run_migrations`] function.
-const DATABASE_VERSION: u8 = 3;
+const DATABASE_VERSION: u8 = 4;
 
 /// The string used to identify a chunk of type events, in the `type` field in
 /// the database.
@@ -60,6 +77,7 @@ const CHUNK_TYPE_GAP_TYPE_STRING: &str = "G";
 pub struct SqliteEventCacheStore {
     store_cipher: Option<Arc<StoreCipher>>,
     pool: SqlitePool,
+    media_service: Arc<MediaService>,
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(tarpaulin_include))]
@@ -96,7 +114,11 @@ impl SqliteEventCacheStore {
             None => None,
         };
 
-        Ok(Self { store_cipher, pool })
+        let media_service = MediaService::new();
+        let media_retention_policy = media_retention_policy(&conn).await?;
+        media_service.restore(media_retention_policy);
+
+        Ok(Self { store_cipher, pool, media_service: Arc::new(media_service) })
     }
 
     fn encode_value(&self, value: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
@@ -303,6 +325,16 @@ async fn run_migrations(conn: &SqliteAsyncConn, version: u8) -> Result<()> {
         .await?;
     }
 
+    if version < 4 {
+        conn.with_transaction(|txn| {
+            txn.execute_batch(include_str!(
+                "../migrations/event_cache_store/004_ignore_policy.sql"
+            ))?;
+            txn.set_db_version(4)
+        })
+        .await?;
+    }
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -591,19 +623,9 @@ impl EventCacheStore for SqliteEventCacheStore {
         &self,
         request: &MediaRequestParameters,
         content: Vec<u8>,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.source.unique_key());
-        let format = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.format.unique_key());
-        let data = self.encode_value(content)?;
-
-        let conn = self.acquire().await?;
-        conn.execute(
-            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO media (uri, format, data, last_access) VALUES (?, ?, ?, CAST(strftime('%s') as INT))",
-            (uri, format, data),
-        )
-        .await?;
-
-        Ok(())
+        self.media_service.add_media_content(self, request, content, ignore_policy).await
     }
 
     async fn replace_media_key(
@@ -619,8 +641,7 @@ impl EventCacheStore for SqliteEventCacheStore {
 
         let conn = self.acquire().await?;
         conn.execute(
-            r#"UPDATE media SET uri = ?, format = ?, last_access = CAST(strftime('%s') as INT)
-               WHERE uri = ? AND format = ?"#,
+            r#"UPDATE media SET uri = ?, format = ? WHERE uri = ? AND format = ?"#,
             (new_uri, new_format, prev_uri, prev_format),
         )
         .await?;
@@ -629,8 +650,139 @@ impl EventCacheStore for SqliteEventCacheStore {
     }
 
     async fn get_media_content(&self, request: &MediaRequestParameters) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        self.media_service.get_media_content(self, request).await
+    }
+
+    async fn remove_media_content(&self, request: &MediaRequestParameters) -> Result<()> {
+        let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.source.unique_key());
+        let format = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.format.unique_key());
+
+        let conn = self.acquire().await?;
+        conn.execute("DELETE FROM media WHERE uri = ? AND format = ?", (uri, format)).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn get_media_content_for_uri(
+        &self,
+        uri: &MxcUri,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
+        self.media_service.get_media_content_for_uri(self, uri).await
+    }
+
+    async fn remove_media_content_for_uri(&self, uri: &MxcUri) -> Result<()> {
+        let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, uri);
+
+        let conn = self.acquire().await?;
+        conn.execute("DELETE FROM media WHERE uri = ?", (uri,)).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn set_media_retention_policy(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.media_service.set_media_retention_policy(self, policy).await
+    }
+
+    fn media_retention_policy(&self) -> MediaRetentionPolicy {
+        self.media_service.media_retention_policy()
+    }
+
+    async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.media_service.set_ignore_media_retention_policy(self, request, ignore_policy).await
+    }
+
+    async fn clean_up_media_cache(&self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.media_service.clean_up_media_cache(self).await
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", async_trait(?Send))]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_arch = "wasm32"), async_trait)]
+impl EventCacheStoreMedia for SqliteEventCacheStore {
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    async fn media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Option<MediaRetentionPolicy>, Self::Error> {
+        let conn = self.acquire().await?;
+        media_retention_policy(&conn).await
+    }
+
+    async fn set_media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        let conn = self.acquire().await?;
+
+        let serialized_policy = rmp_serde::to_vec_named(&policy)?;
+        conn.set_kv(keys::MEDIA_RETENTION_POLICY, serialized_policy).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn add_media_content_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        data: Vec<u8>,
+        last_access: SystemTime,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        let ignore_policy = ignore_policy.is_yes();
+        let data = self.encode_value(data)?;
+
+        if !ignore_policy && policy.exceeds_max_file_size(data.len()) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
         let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.source.unique_key());
         let format = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.format.unique_key());
+        let timestamp = time_to_timestamp(last_access);
+
+        let conn = self.acquire().await?;
+        conn.execute(
+            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO media (uri, format, data, last_access, ignore_policy) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+            (uri, format, data, timestamp, ignore_policy),
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn set_ignore_media_retention_policy_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        ignore_policy: IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.source.unique_key());
+        let format = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.format.unique_key());
+        let ignore_policy = ignore_policy.is_yes();
+
+        let conn = self.acquire().await?;
+        conn.execute(
+            r#"UPDATE media SET ignore_policy = ? WHERE uri = ? AND format = ?"#,
+            (ignore_policy, uri, format),
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn get_media_content_inner(
+        &self,
+        request: &MediaRequestParameters,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
+        let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.source.unique_key());
+        let format = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.format.unique_key());
+        let timestamp = time_to_timestamp(current_time);
 
         let conn = self.acquire().await?;
         let data = conn
@@ -639,9 +791,8 @@ impl EventCacheStore for SqliteEventCacheStore {
                 // We need to do this first so the transaction is in write mode right away.
                 // See: https://sqlite.org/lang_transaction.html#read_transactions_versus_write_transactions
                 txn.execute(
-                    "UPDATE media SET last_access = CAST(strftime('%s') as INT) \
-                     WHERE uri = ? AND format = ?",
-                    (&uri, &format),
+                    "UPDATE media SET last_access = ? WHERE uri = ? AND format = ?",
+                    (timestamp, &uri, &format),
                 )?;
 
                 txn.query_row::<Vec<u8>, _, _>(
@@ -656,32 +807,21 @@ impl EventCacheStore for SqliteEventCacheStore {
         data.map(|v| self.decode_value(&v).map(Into::into)).transpose()
     }
 
-    async fn remove_media_content(&self, request: &MediaRequestParameters) -> Result<()> {
-        let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.source.unique_key());
-        let format = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, request.format.unique_key());
-
-        let conn = self.acquire().await?;
-        conn.execute("DELETE FROM media WHERE uri = ? AND format = ?", (uri, format)).await?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    async fn get_media_content_for_uri(
+    async fn get_media_content_for_uri_inner(
         &self,
-        uri: &ruma::MxcUri,
+        uri: &MxcUri,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
     ) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, Self::Error> {
         let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, uri);
+        let timestamp = time_to_timestamp(current_time);
+
         let conn = self.acquire().await?;
         let data = conn
             .with_transaction::<_, rusqlite::Error, _>(move |txn| {
                 // Update the last access.
                 // We need to do this first so the transaction is in write mode right away.
                 // See: https://sqlite.org/lang_transaction.html#read_transactions_versus_write_transactions
-                txn.execute(
-                    "UPDATE media SET last_access = CAST(strftime('%s') as INT) \
-                     WHERE uri = ?",
-                    (&uri,),
-                )?;
+                txn.execute("UPDATE media SET last_access = ? WHERE uri = ?", (timestamp, &uri))?;
 
                 txn.query_row::<Vec<u8>, _, _>(
                     "SELECT data FROM media WHERE uri = ?",
@@ -695,11 +835,140 @@ impl EventCacheStore for SqliteEventCacheStore {
         data.map(|v| self.decode_value(&v).map(Into::into)).transpose()
     }
 
-    async fn remove_media_content_for_uri(&self, uri: &ruma::MxcUri) -> Result<()> {
-        let uri = self.encode_key(keys::MEDIA, uri);
+    async fn clean_up_media_cache_inner(
+        &self,
+        policy: MediaRetentionPolicy,
+        current_time: SystemTime,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        if !policy.has_limitations() {
+            // We can safely skip all the checks.
+            return Ok(());
+        }
 
         let conn = self.acquire().await?;
-        conn.execute("DELETE FROM media WHERE uri = ?", (uri,)).await?;
+        let removed = conn
+            .with_transaction::<_, Error, _>(move |txn| {
+                let mut removed = false;
+
+                // First, check media content that exceed the max filesize.
+                if let Some(max_file_size) = policy.computed_max_file_size() {
+                    let count = txn.execute(
+                        "DELETE FROM media WHERE ignore_policy IS FALSE AND length(data) > ?",
+                        (max_file_size,),
+                    )?;
+
+                    if count > 0 {
+                        removed = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Then, clean up expired media content.
+                if let Some(last_access_expiry) = policy.last_access_expiry {
+                    let current_timestamp = time_to_timestamp(current_time);
+                    let expiry_secs = last_access_expiry.as_secs();
+                    let count = txn.execute(
+                        "DELETE FROM media WHERE ignore_policy IS FALSE AND (? - last_access) >= ?",
+                        (current_timestamp, expiry_secs),
+                    )?;
+
+                    if count > 0 {
+                        removed = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Finally, if the cache size is too big, remove old items until it fits.
+                if let Some(max_cache_size) = policy.max_cache_size {
+                    // i64 is the integer type used by SQLite, use it here to avoid usize overflow
+                    // during the conversion of the result.
+                    let cache_size_int = txn
+                        .query_row(
+                            "SELECT sum(length(data)) FROM media WHERE ignore_policy IS FALSE",
+                            (),
+                            |row| {
+                                // `sum()` returns `NULL` if there are no rows.
+                                row.get::<_, Option<i64>>(0)
+                            },
+                        )?
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+                    let cache_size_usize = usize::try_from(cache_size_int);
+
+                    // If the cache size is overflowing or bigger than max cache size, clean up.
+                    if cache_size_usize.is_err()
+                        || cache_size_usize.is_ok_and(|cache_size| cache_size > max_cache_size)
+                    {
+                        // Get the sizes of the media contents ordered by last access.
+                        let mut cached_stmt = txn.prepare_cached(
+                            "SELECT rowid, length(data) FROM media \
+                             WHERE ignore_policy IS FALSE ORDER BY last_access DESC",
+                        )?;
+                        let content_sizes = cached_stmt
+                            .query(())?
+                            .mapped(|row| Ok((row.get::<_, i64>(0)?, row.get::<_, usize>(1)?)));
+
+                        let mut accumulated_items_size = 0usize;
+                        let mut limit_reached = false;
+                        let mut rows_to_remove = Vec::new();
+
+                        for result in content_sizes {
+                            let (row_id, size) = match result {
+                                Ok(content_size) => content_size,
+                                Err(error) => {
+                                    return Err(error.into());
+                                }
+                            };
+
+                            if limit_reached {
+                                rows_to_remove.push(row_id);
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            match accumulated_items_size.checked_add(size) {
+                                Some(acc) if acc > max_cache_size => {
+                                    // We can stop accumulating.
+                                    limit_reached = true;
+                                    rows_to_remove.push(row_id);
+                                }
+                                Some(acc) => accumulated_items_size = acc,
+                                None => {
+                                    // The accumulated size is overflowing but the setting cannot be
+                                    // bigger than usize::MAX, we can stop accumulating.
+                                    limit_reached = true;
+                                    rows_to_remove.push(row_id);
+                                }
+                            };
+                        }
+
+                        if !rows_to_remove.is_empty() {
+                            removed = true;
+                        }
+
+                        txn.chunk_large_query_over(rows_to_remove, None, |txn, row_ids| {
+                            let sql_params = repeat_vars(row_ids.len());
+                            let query = format!("DELETE FROM media WHERE rowid IN ({sql_params})");
+                            txn.prepare(&query)?.execute(params_from_iter(row_ids))?;
+                            Ok(Vec::<()>::new())
+                        })?;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Ok(removed)
+            })
+            .await?;
+
+        // If we removed media, use the VACUUM command to defragment the
+        // database and free space on the filesystem.
+        if removed {
+            if let Err(error) = conn.execute("VACUUM", ()).await {
+                // Since this is an optimisation step, do not propagate the error
+                // but log it.
+                #[cfg(not(test))]
+                warn!("Failed to vacuum database: {error}");
+
+                // We want to know if there is an error with this step during tests.
+                #[cfg(test)]
+                return Err(error.into());
+            }
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -786,6 +1055,17 @@ fn insert_chunk(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Get the persisted [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] with the given connection.
+async fn media_retention_policy(
+    conn: &SqliteAsyncConn,
+) -> Result<Option<MediaRetentionPolicy>, Error> {
+    let Some(bytes) = conn.get_kv(keys::MEDIA_RETENTION_POLICY).await? else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+
+    Ok(Some(rmp_serde::from_slice(&bytes)?))
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::{
@@ -798,11 +1078,13 @@ mod tests {
         event_cache::{
             store::{
                 integration_tests::{check_test_event, make_test_event},
+                media::IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
                 EventCacheStore, EventCacheStoreError,
             },
             Gap,
         },
         event_cache_store_integration_tests, event_cache_store_integration_tests_time,
+        event_cache_store_media_integration_tests,
         linked_chunk::{ChunkContent, ChunkIdentifier, Position, Update},
         media::{MediaFormat, MediaRequestParameters, MediaThumbnailSettings},
     };
@@ -828,6 +1110,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     event_cache_store_integration_tests!();
     event_cache_store_integration_tests_time!();
+    event_cache_store_media_integration_tests!(with_media_size_tests);
 
     async fn get_event_cache_store_content_sorted_by_last_access(
         event_cache_store: &SqliteEventCacheStore,
@@ -863,7 +1146,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         // Add the media.
         event_cache_store
-            .add_media_content(&file_request, content.clone())
+            .add_media_content(&file_request, content.clone(), IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
             .await
             .expect("adding file failed");
 
@@ -872,7 +1155,11 @@ mod tests {
         tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3)).await;
 
         event_cache_store
-            .add_media_content(&thumbnail_request, thumbnail_content.clone())
+            .add_media_content(
+                &thumbnail_request,
+                thumbnail_content.clone(),
+                IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No,
+            )
             .await
             .expect("adding thumbnail failed");
 
@@ -1476,7 +1763,7 @@ mod encrypted_tests {
 
     use matrix_sdk_base::{
         event_cache::store::EventCacheStoreError, event_cache_store_integration_tests,
-        event_cache_store_integration_tests_time,
+        event_cache_store_integration_tests_time, event_cache_store_media_integration_tests,
     };
     use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
     use tempfile::{tempdir, TempDir};
@@ -1502,4 +1789,5 @@ mod encrypted_tests {
 
     event_cache_store_integration_tests!();
     event_cache_store_integration_tests_time!();
+    event_cache_store_media_integration_tests!();
 }
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/src/utils.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/src/utils.rs
index 7daa9358baf..28ba5216781 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/src/utils.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk-sqlite/src/utils.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use async_trait::async_trait;
 use deadpool_sqlite::Object as SqliteAsyncConn;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use matrix_sdk_store_encryption::StoreCipher;
+use ruma::time::SystemTime;
 use rusqlite::{limits::Limit, OptionalExtension, Params, Row, Statement, Transaction};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ impl SqliteAsyncConnExt for SqliteAsyncConn {
 }
 
 pub(crate) trait SqliteTransactionExt {
-    fn chunk_large_query_over<Query, Res>(
+    fn chunk_large_query_over<Key, Query, Res>(
         &self,
         keys_to_chunk: Vec<Key>,
         result_capacity: Option<usize>,
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ pub(crate) trait SqliteTransactionExt {
 }
 
 impl SqliteTransactionExt for Transaction<'_> {
-    fn chunk_large_query_over<Query, Res>(
+    fn chunk_large_query_over<Key, Query, Res>(
         &self,
         mut keys_to_chunk: Vec<Key>,
         result_capacity: Option<usize>,
@@ -380,8 +381,23 @@ pub(crate) fn repeat_vars(count: usize) -> impl fmt::Display {
     iter::repeat("?").take(count).format(",")
 }
 
+/// Convert the given `SystemTime` to a timestamp, as the number of seconds
+/// since Unix Epoch.
+///
+/// Returns an `i64` as it is the numeric type used by SQLite.
+pub(crate) fn time_to_timestamp(time: SystemTime) -> i64 {
+    time.duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|d| d.as_secs().try_into().ok())
+        // It is unlikely to happen unless the time on the system is seriously wrong, but we always
+        // need a value.
+        .unwrap_or(0)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod unit_tests {
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
@@ -396,4 +412,13 @@ mod unit_tests {
     fn generating_zero_vars_panics() {
         repeat_vars(0);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_time_to_timestamp() {
+        assert_eq!(time_to_timestamp(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH), 0);
+        assert_eq!(time_to_timestamp(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(60)), 60);
+
+        // Fallback value on overflow.
+        assert_eq!(time_to_timestamp(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH - Duration::from_secs(60)), 0);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk/CHANGELOG.md b/crates/matrix-sdk/CHANGELOG.md
index 84257ac97e4..949df3de475 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 - Enable HTTP/2 support in the HTTP client.
   ([#4566](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk/pull/4566))
 
+- The media contents stored in the media cache can now be controlled with a
+  `MediaRetentionPolicy` and the new `Media` methods `media_retention_policy()`,
+  `set_media_retention_policy()`, `clean_up_media_cache()`.
+  ([#4571](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk/pull/4571))
+
 ### Refactor
 
 - [**breaking**] Move the optional `RequestConfig` argument of the
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk/src/media.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk/src/media.rs
index 008c15f93b8..12118a38901 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk/src/media.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk/src/media.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ use std::{fmt, fs::File, path::Path};
 
 use eyeball::SharedObservable;
 use futures_util::future::try_join;
-pub use matrix_sdk_base::media::*;
+use matrix_sdk_base::event_cache::store::media::IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy;
+pub use matrix_sdk_base::{event_cache::store::media::MediaRetentionPolicy, media::*};
 use mime::Mime;
 use ruma::{
     api::{
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ impl Media {
                 .event_cache_store()
                 .lock()
                 .await?
-                .add_media_content(request, content.clone())
+                .add_media_content(request, content.clone(), IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
                 .await?;
         }
 
@@ -671,6 +672,44 @@ impl Media {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Set the [`MediaRetentionPolicy`] to use for deciding whether to store or
+    /// keep media content.
+    ///
+    /// It is used:
+    ///
+    /// * When a media needs to be cached, to check that it does not exceed the
+    ///   max file size.
+    ///
+    /// * When [`Media::clean_up_media_cache()`], to check that all media
+    ///   content in the store fits those criteria.
+    ///
+    /// To apply the new policy to the media cache right away,
+    /// [`Media::clean_up_media_cache()`] should be called after this.
+    ///
+    /// By default, an empty `MediaRetentionPolicy` is used, which means that no
+    /// criteria are applied.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `policy` - The `MediaRetentionPolicy` to use.
+    pub async fn set_media_retention_policy(&self, policy: MediaRetentionPolicy) -> Result<()> {
+        self.client.event_cache_store().lock().await?.set_media_retention_policy(policy).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current `MediaRetentionPolicy`.
+    pub async fn media_retention_policy(&self) -> Result<MediaRetentionPolicy> {
+        Ok(self.client.event_cache_store().lock().await?.media_retention_policy())
+    }
+
+    /// Clean up the media cache with the current [`MediaRetentionPolicy`].
+    ///
+    /// If there is already an ongoing cleanup, this is a noop.
+    pub async fn clean_up_media_cache(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.client.event_cache_store().lock().await?.clean_up_media_cache().await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Upload the file bytes in `data` and return the source information.
     pub(crate) async fn upload_plain_media_and_thumbnail(
         &self,
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk/src/room/mod.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk/src/room/mod.rs
index d1317567719..bc9a2a6db15 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk/src/room/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk/src/room/mod.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ use matrix_sdk_base::{
     deserialized_responses::{
         RawAnySyncOrStrippedState, RawSyncOrStrippedState, SyncOrStrippedState, TimelineEvent,
     },
+    event_cache::store::media::IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
     media::MediaThumbnailSettings,
     store::StateStoreExt,
     ComposerDraft, RoomInfoNotableUpdateReasons, RoomMemberships, StateChanges, StateStoreDataKey,
@@ -2034,7 +2035,10 @@ impl Room {
             let request =
                 MediaRequestParameters { source: media_source.clone(), format: MediaFormat::File };
 
-            if let Err(err) = cache_store_lock_guard.add_media_content(&request, data).await {
+            if let Err(err) = cache_store_lock_guard
+                .add_media_content(&request, data, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+                .await
+            {
                 warn!("unable to cache the media after uploading it: {err}");
             }
 
@@ -2048,7 +2052,10 @@ impl Room {
                     format: MediaFormat::Thumbnail(MediaThumbnailSettings::new(width, height)),
                 };
 
-                if let Err(err) = cache_store_lock_guard.add_media_content(&request, data).await {
+                if let Err(err) = cache_store_lock_guard
+                    .add_media_content(&request, data, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+                    .await
+                {
                     warn!("unable to cache the media after uploading it: {err}");
                 }
             }
diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk/src/send_queue/upload.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk/src/send_queue/upload.rs
index 96a0df45858..236d4ba58b0 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk/src/send_queue/upload.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk/src/send_queue/upload.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //! Private implementations of the media upload mechanism.
 
 use matrix_sdk_base::{
+    event_cache::store::media::IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy,
     media::{MediaFormat, MediaRequestParameters},
     store::{
         ChildTransactionId, DependentQueuedRequestKind, FinishUploadThumbnailInfo,
@@ -137,7 +138,12 @@ impl RoomSendQueue {
 
             // Cache the file itself in the cache store.
             cache_store
-                .add_media_content(&file_media_request, data.clone())
+                .add_media_content(
+                    &file_media_request,
+                    data.clone(),
+                    // Make sure that the file is stored until it has been uploaded.
+                    IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes,
+                )
                 .await
                 .map_err(RoomSendQueueStorageError::EventCacheStoreError)?;
 
@@ -153,7 +159,12 @@ impl RoomSendQueue {
                 // Cache thumbnail in the cache store.
                 let thumbnail_media_request = Media::make_local_file_media_request(&txn);
                 cache_store
-                    .add_media_content(&thumbnail_media_request, data)
+                    .add_media_content(
+                        &thumbnail_media_request,
+                        data,
+                        // Make sure that the thumbnail is stored until it has been uploaded.
+                        IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::Yes,
+                    )
                     .await
                     .map_err(RoomSendQueueStorageError::EventCacheStoreError)?;
 
@@ -256,6 +267,12 @@ impl QueueStorage {
                 .await
                 .map_err(RoomSendQueueStorageError::LockError)?;
 
+            // The media can now be removed during cleanups.
+            cache_store
+                .set_ignore_media_retention_policy(&from_req, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+                .await
+                .map_err(RoomSendQueueStorageError::EventCacheStoreError)?;
+
             cache_store
                 .replace_media_key(
                     &from_req,
@@ -281,6 +298,12 @@ impl QueueStorage {
 
                 trace!(from = ?from_req.source, to = ?new_source, "renaming thumbnail file key in cache store");
 
+                // The media can now be removed during cleanups.
+                cache_store
+                    .set_ignore_media_retention_policy(&from_req, IgnoreMediaRetentionPolicy::No)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(RoomSendQueueStorageError::EventCacheStoreError)?;
+
                 cache_store
                     .replace_media_key(
                         &from_req,