base64.py

#! /usr/bin/env python3

"""RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings"""

import re
import struct
import binascii


__all__ = [
    'encode', 'decode', 'encodebytes', 'decodebytes',
    'b64encode', 'b64decode', 'b32encode', 'b32decode',
    'b16encode', 'b16decode',
    'standard_b64encode', 'standard_b64decode',
    'urlsafe_b64encode', 'urlsafe_b64decode',
    ]


bytes_types = (bytes, bytearray)

def _bytes_from_decode_data(s):
    if isinstance(s, str):
        try:
            return s.encode('ascii')
        except:
            raise ValueError('string argument should contain only ASCII characters')
    elif isinstance(s, bytes_types):
        return s
    else:
        raise TypeError("argument should be bytes or ASCII string, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__)


def b64encode(s, altchars=None):
    if not isinstance(s, bytes_types):
        raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__)
    # Strip off the trailing newline
    encoded = binascii.b2a_base64(s)[:-1]
    if altchars is not None:
        if not isinstance(altchars, bytes_types):
            raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s"
                            % altchars.__class__.__name__)
        assert len(altchars) == 2, repr(altchars)
        return encoded.translate(bytes.maketrans(b'+/', altchars))
    return encoded


def b64decode(s, altchars=None, validate=False):
    s = _bytes_from_decode_data(s)
    if altchars is not None:
        altchars = _bytes_from_decode_data(altchars)
        assert len(altchars) == 2, repr(altchars)
        s = s.translate(bytes.maketrans(altchars, b'+/'))
    if validate and not re.match(b'^[A-Za-z0-9+/]*={0,2}$', s):
        raise binascii.Error('Non-base64 digit found')
    return binascii.a2b_base64(s)


def standard_b64encode(s):
    return b64encode(s)

def standard_b64decode(s):
    return b64decode(s)

def urlsafe_b64encode(s):
    raise NotImplementedError()

def urlsafe_b64decode(s):
    raise NotImplementedError()

_b32alphabet = {
    0: b'A',  9: b'J', 18: b'S', 27: b'3',
    1: b'B', 10: b'K', 19: b'T', 28: b'4',
    2: b'C', 11: b'L', 20: b'U', 29: b'5',
    3: b'D', 12: b'M', 21: b'V', 30: b'6',
    4: b'E', 13: b'N', 22: b'W', 31: b'7',
    5: b'F', 14: b'O', 23: b'X',
    6: b'G', 15: b'P', 24: b'Y',
    7: b'H', 16: b'Q', 25: b'Z',
    8: b'I', 17: b'R', 26: b'2',
    }

_b32tab = [v[0] for k, v in sorted(_b32alphabet.items())]
_b32rev = dict([(v[0], k) for k, v in _b32alphabet.items()])


def b32encode(s):
    if not isinstance(s, bytes_types):
        raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__)
    quanta, leftover = divmod(len(s), 5)
    # Pad the last quantum with zero bits if necessary
    if leftover:
        s = s + bytes(5 - leftover)  # Don't use += !
        quanta += 1
    encoded = bytearray()
    for i in range(quanta):
        c1, c2, c3 = struct.unpack('!HHB', s[i*5:(i+1)*5])
        c2 += (c1 & 1) << 16 # 17 bits wide
        c3 += (c2 & 3) << 8  # 10 bits wide
        encoded += bytes([_b32tab[c1 >> 11],         # bits 1 - 5
                          _b32tab[(c1 >> 6) & 0x1f], # bits 6 - 10
                          _b32tab[(c1 >> 1) & 0x1f], # bits 11 - 15
                          _b32tab[c2 >> 12],         # bits 16 - 20 (1 - 5)
                          _b32tab[(c2 >> 7) & 0x1f], # bits 21 - 25 (6 - 10)
                          _b32tab[(c2 >> 2) & 0x1f], # bits 26 - 30 (11 - 15)
                          _b32tab[c3 >> 5],          # bits 31 - 35 (1 - 5)
                          _b32tab[c3 & 0x1f],        # bits 36 - 40 (1 - 5)
                          ])
    # Adjust for any leftover partial quanta
    if leftover == 1:
        encoded = encoded[:-6] + b'======'
    elif leftover == 2:
        encoded = encoded[:-4] + b'===='
    elif leftover == 3:
        encoded = encoded[:-3] + b'==='
    elif leftover == 4:
        encoded = encoded[:-1] + b'='
    return bytes(encoded)


def b32decode(s, casefold=False, map01=None):
    s = _bytes_from_decode_data(s)
    quanta, leftover = divmod(len(s), 8)
    if leftover:
        raise binascii.Error('Incorrect padding')

    if map01 is not None:
        map01 = _bytes_from_decode_data(map01)
        assert len(map01) == 1, repr(map01)
        s = s.translate(bytes.maketrans(b'01', b'O' + map01))
    if casefold:
        s = s.upper()

    padchars = s.find(b'=')
    if padchars > 0:
        padchars = len(s) - padchars
        s = s[:-padchars]
    else:
        padchars = 0


    parts = []
    acc = 0
    shift = 35
    for c in s:
        val = _b32rev.get(c)
        if val is None:
            raise binascii.Error('Non-base32 digit found')
        acc += _b32rev[c] << shift
        shift -= 5
        if shift < 0:
            parts.append(binascii.unhexlify(bytes('%010x' % acc, "ascii")))
            acc = 0
            shift = 35
    # Process the last, partial quanta
    last = binascii.unhexlify(bytes('%010x' % acc, "ascii"))
    if padchars == 0:
        last = b''                      # No characters
    elif padchars == 1:
        last = last[:-1]
    elif padchars == 3:
        last = last[:-2]
    elif padchars == 4:
        last = last[:-3]
    elif padchars == 6:
        last = last[:-4]
    else:
        raise binascii.Error('Incorrect padding')
    parts.append(last)
    return b''.join(parts)


def b16encode(s):
    if not isinstance(s, bytes_types):
        raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__)
    return binascii.hexlify(s).upper()


def b16decode(s, casefold=False):
    s = _bytes_from_decode_data(s)
    if casefold:
        s = s.upper()
    if re.search(b'[^0-9A-F]', s):
        raise binascii.Error('Non-base16 digit found')
    return binascii.unhexlify(s)


MAXLINESIZE = 76 # Excluding the CRLF
MAXBINSIZE = (MAXLINESIZE//4)*3

def encode(input, output):
    while True:
        s = input.read(MAXBINSIZE)
        if not s:
            break
        while len(s) < MAXBINSIZE:
            ns = input.read(MAXBINSIZE-len(s))
            if not ns:
                break
            s += ns
        line = binascii.b2a_base64(s)
        output.write(line)


def decode(input, output):
    while True:
        line = input.readline()
        if not line:
            break
        s = binascii.a2b_base64(line)
        output.write(s)


def encodebytes(s):
    if not isinstance(s, bytes_types):
        raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__)
    pieces = []
    for i in range(0, len(s), MAXBINSIZE):
        chunk = s[i : i + MAXBINSIZE]
        pieces.append(binascii.b2a_base64(chunk))
    return b"".join(pieces)

def encodestring(s):
    import warnings
    warnings.warn("encodestring() is a deprecated alias, use encodebytes()",
                  DeprecationWarning, 2)
    return encodebytes(s)


def decodebytes(s):
    if not isinstance(s, bytes_types):
        raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" % s.__class__.__name__)
    return binascii.a2b_base64(s)

def decodestring(s):
    import warnings
    warnings.warn("decodestring() is a deprecated alias, use decodebytes()",
                  DeprecationWarning, 2)
    return decodebytes(s)


def main():
    """Small main program"""
    import sys, getopt
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'deut')
    except getopt.error as msg:
        sys.stdout = sys.stderr
        print(msg)
        print("""usage: %s [-d|-e|-u|-t] [file|-]
        -d, -u: decode
        -e: encode (default)
        -t: encode and decode string 'Aladdin:open sesame'"""%sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(2)
    func = encode
    for o, a in opts:
        if o == '-e': func = encode
        if o == '-d': func = decode
        if o == '-u': func = decode
        if o == '-t': test(); return
    if args and args[0] != '-':
        with open(args[0], 'rb') as f:
            func(f, sys.stdout.buffer)
    else:
        func(sys.stdin.buffer, sys.stdout.buffer)


def test():
    s0 = b"Aladdin:open sesame"
    print(repr(s0))
    s1 = encodebytes(s0)
    print(repr(s1))
    s2 = decodebytes(s1)
    print(repr(s2))
    assert s0 == s2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()