NCG Convergence

[marinsiebert]

Hello,

I am doing a NCG simulation of an isolated cylinder that is filled with unsaturated soil and has a fixed temperature at the center and at the wall. I encountered some issues with the massfraction being >1, so I switched to KT stabilization.
In my case, convergence with adaptive iteration is pretty bad, at first hovering back and forth between cutback and dt 200-300s, finally leading to dt < 1 s and failure.
Maybe someone could have a look at my input and tell me what I am missing, or is the physical situation just too complex (I dont think so)? model.zip

An example of the terminal output until first failure is pasted below.

What tends to happen is that the liquid phase (initial saturation of 32%) flows to the bottom of the mesh (image below), which logically would makes sense for a very permeable medium, however it happens within the first few 100's of seconds and for the modelled medium with a permeability of 1e-12 this just does not seem right.

When setting the permeability to lower values, e.g. 1e-20, the model converges very well.

Framework Information:
MOOSE Version:           git commit 541c02534c on 2024-01-18
LibMesh Version:
PETSc Version:           3.20.1
SLEPc Version:           3.20.0
Current Time:            Fri Jan 26 10:02:59 2024
Executable Timestamp:    Mon Jan 22 10:55:45 2024

Parallelism:
  Num Processors:          8
  Num Threads:             2

Mesh:
  Parallel Type:           replicated
  Mesh Dimension:          2
  Spatial Dimension:       2
  Nodes:
    Total:                 454
    Local:                 69
    Min/Max/Avg:           41/69/56
  Elems:
    Total:                 846
    Local:                 105
    Min/Max/Avg:           105/106/105
  Num Subdomains:          1
  Num Partitions:          8
  Partitioner:             metis

Nonlinear System:
  Num DOFs:                1362
  Num Local DOFs:          207
  Variables:               { "temperature" "gaspressure" "z" }
  Finite Element Types:    "LAGRANGE"
  Approximation Orders:    "FIRST"

Auxiliary System:
  Num DOFs:                21150
  Num Local DOFs:          2625
  Variables:               { "gas_in_water" "vapor_in_gas" "density_water" "density_vapor" "wet_density"
                             ... "PorousFlow_thermal_conductivity_qp_11" "PorousFlow_thermal_conductivity_qp_12"
                             "PorousFlow_thermal_conductivity_qp_20" "PorousFlow_thermal_conductivity_qp_21"
                             "PorousFlow_thermal_conductivity_qp_22" }
  Finite Element Types:    "MONOMIAL"
  Approximation Orders:    "CONSTANT"

Execution Information:
  Executioner:             Transient
  TimeStepper:             IterationAdaptiveDT
  TimeIntegrator:          ImplicitEuler
  Solver Mode:             NEWTON
  PETSc Preconditioner:    lu
  MOOSE Preconditioner:    SMP

LEGACY MODES ENABLED:
 This application uses the legacy material output option: material properties are output only on TIMESTEP_END, not INITIAL. To remove this message, set 'use_legacy_material_output' to false in this application. If there are gold output files that contain material property output for which output occurs on INITIAL, then these will generate diffs due to zero values being stored, and these tests should be re-golded.

water_tab: Reading tabulated properties from /home/marin/projects/models/verschaffel-drefke/water_tab.csv
water_tab: Reading tabulated properties from /home/marin/projects/models/verschaffel-drefke/water_tab.csv
air_tab: Reading tabulated properties from /home/marin/projects/models/verschaffel-drefke/air_tab.csv
air_tab: Reading tabulated properties from /home/marin/projects/models/verschaffel-drefke/air_tab.csv

Time Step 0, time = 0

Time Step 1, time = 1, dt = 1
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00488691
                gaspressure: 0.0528557
                z:           1.41996
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 1.420953e+00
      0 Linear |R| = 1.420953e+00
      1 Linear |R| = 3.576350e-14
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.000572385
                gaspressure: 0.00302541
                z:           0.230516
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 2.305366e-01
      0 Linear |R| = 2.305366e-01
      1 Linear |R| = 2.345229e-16
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 6.72613e-06
                gaspressure: 1.46259e-05
                z:           0.000108015
 2 Nonlinear |R| = 1.092076e-04
 Solve Converged!

Outlier Variable Residual Norms:
  z: 1.080146e-04

Time Step 2, time = 3, dt = 2
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00671979
                gaspressure: 0.00469774
                z:           1.82411
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 1.824130e+00
      0 Linear |R| = 1.824130e+00
      1 Linear |R| = 7.307056e-15
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.000479276
                gaspressure: 0.000230662
                z:           0.00612979
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 6.152826e-03
      0 Linear |R| = 6.152826e-03
      1 Linear |R| = 1.084636e-17
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 5.26382e-07
                gaspressure: 1.26971e-06
                z:           0.000102165
 2 Nonlinear |R| = 1.021742e-04
 Solve Converged!

Outlier Variable Residual Norms:
  z: 1.021650e-04

Time Step 3, time = 7, dt = 4
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00507421
                gaspressure: 0.00303424
                z:           0.0566877
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 5.699517e-02
      0 Linear |R| = 5.699517e-02
      1 Linear |R| = 1.165156e-15
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 1.34047e-05
                gaspressure: 5.11747e-05
                z:           0.00135536
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 1.356390e-03
      0 Linear |R| = 1.356390e-03
      1 Linear |R| = 9.496948e-19
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 2.27197e-07
                gaspressure: 4.74344e-07
                z:           3.13196e-07
 2 Nonlinear |R| = 6.121376e-07
 Solve Converged!

Time Step 4, time = 15, dt = 8
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00479041
                gaspressure: 0.00280481
                z:           0.0330317
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 3.349485e-02
      0 Linear |R| = 3.349485e-02
      1 Linear |R| = 8.976356e-16
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 1.26431e-05
                gaspressure: 8.0432e-05
                z:           0.000885305
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 8.890411e-04
      0 Linear |R| = 8.890411e-04
      1 Linear |R| = 2.392676e-18
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 5.24637e-07
                gaspressure: 1.44952e-06
                z:           1.05726e-06
 2 Nonlinear |R| = 1.869263e-06
 Solve Converged!

Time Step 5, time = 31, dt = 16
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00437315
                gaspressure: 0.00245949
                z:           0.0286461
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 2.908215e-02
      0 Linear |R| = 2.908215e-02
      1 Linear |R| = 1.642499e-15
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 4.83019e-05
                gaspressure: 0.000110941
                z:           0.00117104
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 1.177272e-03
      0 Linear |R| = 1.177272e-03
      1 Linear |R| = 1.168293e-17
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 1.48118e-05
                gaspressure: 3.65721e-06
                z:           3.2884e-06
 2 Nonlinear |R| = 1.560698e-05
      0 Linear |R| = 1.560698e-05
      1 Linear |R| = 1.249529e-18
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 1.55408e-06
                gaspressure: 8.31864e-08
                z:           1.68492e-08
 3 Nonlinear |R| = 1.556395e-06
 Solve Converged!

Outlier Variable Residual Norms:
  temperature: 1.554079e-06

Time Step 6, time = 63, dt = 32
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00379439
                gaspressure: 0.00201362
                z:           0.0231606
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 2.355555e-02
      0 Linear |R| = 2.355555e-02
      1 Linear |R| = 2.816337e-15
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 3.85222e-05
                gaspressure: 0.000139356
                z:           0.00136826
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 1.375874e-03
      0 Linear |R| = 1.375874e-03
      1 Linear |R| = 4.287394e-17
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 1.21258e-05
                gaspressure: 7.75207e-06
                z:           7.997e-06
 2 Nonlinear |R| = 1.646456e-05
      0 Linear |R| = 1.646456e-05
      1 Linear |R| = 6.931871e-20
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 3.11038e-06
                gaspressure: 3.59497e-07
                z:           7.59735e-08
 3 Nonlinear |R| = 3.132009e-06
      0 Linear |R| = 3.132009e-06
      1 Linear |R| = 5.031390e-19
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 1.21783e-07
                gaspressure: 8.1624e-08
                z:           1.47879e-08
 4 Nonlinear |R| = 1.473508e-07
 Solve Converged!

Outlier Variable Residual Norms:
  temperature: 1.217829e-07

Time Step 7, time = 127, dt = 64
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00312226
                gaspressure: 0.00162029
                z:           0.0184551
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 1.878732e-02
      0 Linear |R| = 1.878732e-02
      1 Linear |R| = 3.989651e-15
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 5.14117e-05
                gaspressure: 0.000167202
                z:           0.00181632
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 1.824720e-03
      0 Linear |R| = 1.824720e-03
      1 Linear |R| = 8.829085e-17
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 2.07334e-05
                gaspressure: 3.53354e-05
                z:           1.62603e-05
 2 Nonlinear |R| = 4.407791e-05
      0 Linear |R| = 4.407791e-05
      1 Linear |R| = 5.936759e-18
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 5.89003e-06
                gaspressure: 4.15092e-06
                z:           6.78929e-07
 3 Nonlinear |R| = 7.237646e-06
      0 Linear |R| = 7.237646e-06
      1 Linear |R| = 5.176584e-19
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 9.71425e-07
                gaspressure: 5.29577e-07
                z:           1.05863e-07
 4 Nonlinear |R| = 1.111451e-06
 Solve Converged!

Outlier Variable Residual Norms:
  temperature: 9.714246e-07

Time Step 8, time = 255, dt = 128
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00250602
                gaspressure: 0.00140339
                z:           0.0160988
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 1.635299e-02
      0 Linear |R| = 1.635299e-02
      1 Linear |R| = 7.256092e-15
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.000175665
                gaspressure: 0.000282962
                z:           0.00290896
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 2.927962e-03
      0 Linear |R| = 2.927962e-03
      1 Linear |R| = 3.180183e-16
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.000207451
                gaspressure: 0.00015822
                z:           7.44667e-05
 2 Nonlinear |R| = 2.713202e-04
      0 Linear |R| = 2.713202e-04
      1 Linear |R| = 2.013864e-16
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 2.64601e-05
                gaspressure: 3.3569e-05
                z:           4.67856e-06
 3 Nonlinear |R| = 4.299884e-05
      0 Linear |R| = 4.299884e-05
      1 Linear |R| = 2.371471e-17
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 1.29023e-05
                gaspressure: 7.22292e-06
                z:           1.73668e-06
 4 Nonlinear |R| = 1.488815e-05
      0 Linear |R| = 1.488815e-05
      1 Linear |R| = 6.379653e-18
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 1.56807e-06
                gaspressure: 1.03456e-06
                z:           2.62333e-07
 5 Nonlinear |R| = 1.896830e-06
      0 Linear |R| = 1.896830e-06
      1 Linear |R| = 2.338181e-19
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 5.53599e-07
                gaspressure: 4.88695e-07
                z:           1.05877e-07
 6 Nonlinear |R| = 7.459921e-07
 Solve Converged!

Time Step 9, time = 511, dt = 256
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.00200678
                gaspressure: 0.00126932
                z:           0.014716
 0 Nonlinear |R| = 1.490638e-02
      0 Linear |R| = 1.490638e-02
      1 Linear |R| = 1.144826e-14
    |residual|_2 of individual variables:
                temperature: 0.000706743
                gaspressure: 0.000734152
                z:           0.00681274
 1 Nonlinear |R| = 6.888537e-03
      0 Linear |R| = 6.888537e-03
      1 Linear |R| = 3.688654e-15
fluid_state: temperature 272.53 is outside range 273.16 K <= T <= 647.096 K

A MooseException was raised during Auxiliary variable computation.
The next solve will fail, the timestep will be reduced, and we will try again.

Nonlinear solve did not converge due to DIVERGED_FNORM_NAN iterations 1
 Solve Did NOT Converge!
Aborting as solve did not converge

Solve failed, cutting timestep.

[GiudGiud]

@cpgr

[marinsiebert]

Never mind, turns out spelling your own mistakes makes you realize them.
I had erroneously taken the hydraulic conductivity from my dataset, after converting it to permeability this yields value <1e-15 m² and now everything converges fine.