diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6096d12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
+## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
+##
+## Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore
+
+# User-specific files
+*.rsuser
+*.suo
+*.user
+*.userosscache
+*.sln.docstates
+
+# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
+*.userprefs
+
+# Mono auto generated files
+mono_crash.*
+
+# Build results
+[Dd]ebug/
+[Dd]ebugPublic/
+[Rr]elease/
+[Rr]eleases/
+x64/
+x86/
+[Ww][Ii][Nn]32/
+[Aa][Rr][Mm]/
+[Aa][Rr][Mm]64/
+bld/
+[Bb]in/
+[Oo]bj/
+[Ll]og/
+[Ll]ogs/
+
+# Visual Studio 2015/2017 cache/options directory
+.vs/
+# Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
+#wwwroot/
+
+# Visual Studio 2017 auto generated files
+Generated\ Files/
+
+# MSTest test Results
+[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
+[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*
+
+# NUnit
+*.VisualState.xml
+TestResult.xml
+nunit-*.xml
+
+# Build Results of an ATL Project
+[Dd]ebugPS/
+[Rr]eleasePS/
+dlldata.c
+
+# Benchmark Results
+BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
+
+# .NET Core
+project.lock.json
+project.fragment.lock.json
+artifacts/
+
+# ASP.NET Scaffolding
+ScaffoldingReadMe.txt
+
+# StyleCop
+StyleCopReport.xml
+
+# Files built by Visual Studio
+*_i.c
+*_p.c
+*_h.h
+*.ilk
+*.meta
+*.obj
+*.iobj
+*.pch
+*.pdb
+*.ipdb
+*.pgc
+*.pgd
+*.rsp
+*.sbr
+*.tlb
+*.tli
+*.tlh
+*.tmp
+*.tmp_proj
+*_wpftmp.csproj
+*.log
+*.tlog
+*.vspscc
+*.vssscc
+.builds
+*.pidb
+*.svclog
+*.scc
+
+# Chutzpah Test files
+_Chutzpah*
+
+# Visual C++ cache files
+ipch/
+*.aps
+*.ncb
+*.opendb
+*.opensdf
+*.sdf
+*.cachefile
+*.VC.db
+*.VC.VC.opendb
+
+# Visual Studio profiler
+*.psess
+*.vsp
+*.vspx
+*.sap
+
+# Visual Studio Trace Files
+*.e2e
+
+# TFS 2012 Local Workspace
+$tf/
+
+# Guidance Automation Toolkit
+*.gpState
+
+# ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in
+_ReSharper*/
+*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
+*.DotSettings.user
+
+# TeamCity is a build add-in
+_TeamCity*
+
+# DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool
+*.dotCover
+
+# AxoCover is a Code Coverage Tool
+.axoCover/*
+!.axoCover/settings.json
+
+# Coverlet is a free, cross platform Code Coverage Tool
+coverage*.json
+coverage*.xml
+coverage*.info
+
+# Visual Studio code coverage results
+*.coverage
+*.coveragexml
+
+# NCrunch
+_NCrunch_*
+.*crunch*.local.xml
+nCrunchTemp_*
+
+# MightyMoose
+*.mm.*
+AutoTest.Net/
+
+# Web workbench (sass)
+.sass-cache/
+
+# Installshield output folder
+[Ee]xpress/
+
+# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
+DocProject/buildhelp/
+DocProject/Help/*.HxT
+DocProject/Help/*.HxC
+DocProject/Help/*.hhc
+DocProject/Help/*.hhk
+DocProject/Help/*.hhp
+DocProject/Help/Html2
+DocProject/Help/html
+
+# Click-Once directory
+publish/
+
+# Publish Web Output
+*.[Pp]ublish.xml
+*.azurePubxml
+# Note: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings,
+# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
+*.pubxml
+*.publishproj
+
+# Microsoft Azure Web App publish settings. Comment the next line if you want to
+# checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
+# in these scripts will be unencrypted
+PublishScripts/
+
+# NuGet Packages
+*.nupkg
+# NuGet Symbol Packages
+*.snupkg
+# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
+**/[Pp]ackages/*
+# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
+!**/[Pp]ackages/build/
+# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
+#!**/[Pp]ackages/repositories.config
+# NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignorable files
+*.nuget.props
+*.nuget.targets
+
+# Nuget personal access tokens and Credentials
+nuget.config
+
+# Microsoft Azure Build Output
+csx/
+*.build.csdef
+
+# Microsoft Azure Emulator
+ecf/
+rcf/
+
+# Windows Store app package directories and files
+AppPackages/
+BundleArtifacts/
+Package.StoreAssociation.xml
+_pkginfo.txt
+*.appx
+*.appxbundle
+*.appxupload
+
+# Visual Studio cache files
+# files ending in .cache can be ignored
+*.[Cc]ache
+# but keep track of directories ending in .cache
+!?*.[Cc]ache/
+
+# Others
+ClientBin/
+~$*
+*~
+*.dbmdl
+*.dbproj.schemaview
+*.jfm
+*.pfx
+*.publishsettings
+orleans.codegen.cs
+
+# Including strong name files can present a security risk
+# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/2483#issue-259490424)
+#*.snk
+
+# Since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
+# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
+#bower_components/
+
+# RIA/Silverlight projects
+Generated_Code/
+
+# Backup & report files from converting an old project file
+# to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
+# because we have git ;-)
+_UpgradeReport_Files/
+Backup*/
+UpgradeLog*.XML
+UpgradeLog*.htm
+ServiceFabricBackup/
+*.rptproj.bak
+
+# SQL Server files
+*.mdf
+*.ldf
+*.ndf
+
+# Business Intelligence projects
+*.rdl.data
+*.bim.layout
+*.bim_*.settings
+*.rptproj.rsuser
+*- [Bb]ackup.rdl
+*- [Bb]ackup ([0-9]).rdl
+*- [Bb]ackup ([0-9][0-9]).rdl
+
+# Microsoft Fakes
+FakesAssemblies/
+
+# GhostDoc plugin setting file
+*.GhostDoc.xml
+
+# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
+.ntvs_analysis.dat
+node_modules/
+
+# Visual Studio 6 build log
+*.plg
+
+# Visual Studio 6 workspace options file
+*.opt
+
+# Visual Studio 6 auto-generated workspace file (contains which files were open etc.)
+*.vbw
+
+# Visual Studio LightSwitch build output
+**/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
+**/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
+**/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
+_Pvt_Extensions
+
+# Paket dependency manager
+.paket/paket.exe
+paket-files/
+
+# FAKE - F# Make
+.fake/
+
+# CodeRush personal settings
+.cr/personal
+
+# Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+
+# Cake - Uncomment if you are using it
+# tools/**
+# !tools/packages.config
+
+# Tabs Studio
+*.tss
+
+# Telerik's JustMock configuration file
+*.jmconfig
+
+# BizTalk build output
+*.btp.cs
+*.btm.cs
+*.odx.cs
+*.xsd.cs
+
+# OpenCover UI analysis results
+OpenCover/
+
+# Azure Stream Analytics local run output
+ASALocalRun/
+
+# MSBuild Binary and Structured Log
+*.binlog
+
+# NVidia Nsight GPU debugger configuration file
+*.nvuser
+
+# MFractors (Xamarin productivity tool) working folder
+.mfractor/
+
+# Local History for Visual Studio
+.localhistory/
+
+# BeatPulse healthcheck temp database
+healthchecksdb
+
+# Backup folder for Package Reference Convert tool in Visual Studio 2017
+MigrationBackup/
+
+# Ionide (cross platform F# VS Code tools) working folder
+.ionide/
+
+# Fody - auto-generated XML schema
+FodyWeavers.xsd
+
+# VS Code files for those working on multiple tools
+.vscode/*
+!.vscode/settings.json
+!.vscode/tasks.json
+!.vscode/launch.json
+!.vscode/extensions.json
+*.code-workspace
+
+# Local History for Visual Studio Code
+.history/
+
+# Windows Installer files from build outputs
+*.cab
+*.msi
+*.msix
+*.msm
+*.msp
+
+# JetBrains Rider
+.idea/
+*.sln.iml
+
+# XML Documentation
+TransparencyAndConsentFramework/Bidtellect.Tcf.xml
diff --git a/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests.csproj b/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4243b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+
+
+ net6.0
+ enable
+
+ false
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests/SerializationRoundTripTests.cs b/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests/SerializationRoundTripTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e146804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests/SerializationRoundTripTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests
+{
+ [TestClass]
+ public class SerializationTest
+ {
+ [TestMethod]
+ public void RoundTrip()
+ {
+ byte[] message;
+
+ var bytes = new byte[] { 0x55, 0x32, 0xFF };
+
+ using (var stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+ {
+ using (var binaryWriter = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(stream))
+ using (var bitWriter = new BitWriter(binaryWriter))
+ {
+ bitWriter.Write(true);
+ bitWriter.WriteBase2(32, 8);
+ bitWriter.WriteFib(21);
+ bitWriter.Write(bytes);
+ bitWriter.WriteString("Test!\0overrun");
+ }
+
+ message = stream.ToArray();
+ }
+
+ var bitReader = new BitReader(message);
+
+ Assert.AreEqual(true, bitReader.ReadBit());
+ Assert.AreEqual(32, (int)bitReader.ReadBase2(8));
+ Assert.AreEqual(21, bitReader.ReadFib());
+ Assert.IsTrue(bytes.SequenceEqual(bitReader.ReadBytes(bytes.Length)));
+ Assert.AreEqual("Test!", bitReader.ReadString());
+ }
+
+ [TestMethod]
+ public void BitRoundTripTest()
+ {
+ byte[] bytes;
+
+ using (var stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+ {
+ using (var binaryWriter = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(stream))
+ using (var bitWriter = new BitWriter(binaryWriter))
+ {
+ bitWriter.Write(true);
+ bitWriter.Write(false);
+ bitWriter.Write(true);
+ }
+
+ bytes = stream.ToArray();
+ }
+
+ var reader = new BitReader(bytes);
+
+ Assert.AreEqual(true, reader.ReadBit());
+ Assert.AreEqual(false, reader.ReadBit());
+ Assert.AreEqual(true, reader.ReadBit());
+ }
+
+ [TestMethod]
+ public void ByteRoundTripTest()
+ {
+ byte[] bytes;
+
+ using (var stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+ {
+ using (var binaryWriter = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(stream))
+ using (var bitWriter = new BitWriter(binaryWriter))
+ {
+ bitWriter.Write(0x22);
+ bitWriter.Write(0x72);
+ bitWriter.Write(0x6C);
+ }
+
+ bytes = stream.ToArray();
+ }
+
+ var reader = new BitReader(bytes);
+
+ Assert.AreEqual(0x22, reader.ReadByte());
+ Assert.AreEqual(0x72, reader.ReadByte());
+ Assert.AreEqual(0x6C, reader.ReadByte());
+ }
+
+ [TestMethod]
+ public void Base2RoundTripTest()
+ {
+ byte[] bytes;
+
+ using (var stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+ {
+ using (var binaryWriter = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(stream))
+ using (var bitWriter = new BitWriter(binaryWriter))
+ {
+ bitWriter.WriteBase2(5, 4);
+ bitWriter.WriteBase2(200, 8);
+ bitWriter.WriteBase2(int.MaxValue, 32);
+ bitWriter.WriteBase2(long.MaxValue, 64);
+ }
+
+ bytes = stream.ToArray();
+ }
+
+ var reader = new BitReader(bytes);
+
+ Assert.AreEqual(5, (int)reader.ReadBase2(4));
+ Assert.AreEqual(200, (int)reader.ReadBase2(8));
+ Assert.AreEqual(int.MaxValue, (int)reader.ReadBase2(32));
+ Assert.AreEqual(long.MaxValue, (long)reader.ReadBase2(64));
+ }
+
+ [TestMethod]
+ public void FibRoundTripTest()
+ {
+ byte[] bytes;
+
+ using (var stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+ {
+ using (var binaryWriter = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(stream))
+ using (var bitWriter = new BitWriter(binaryWriter))
+ {
+ bitWriter.WriteFib(int.MaxValue-1);
+ bitWriter.WriteFib(13);
+ }
+
+ bytes = stream.ToArray();
+ }
+
+ var reader = new BitReader(bytes);
+
+ Assert.AreEqual(int.MaxValue-1, (int)reader.ReadFib());
+ Assert.AreEqual(13, (int)reader.ReadFib());
+ }
+
+ [TestMethod]
+ public void StringRoundTripTest()
+ {
+ byte[] bytes;
+
+ using (var stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+ {
+ using (var binaryWriter = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(stream))
+ using (var bitWriter = new BitWriter(binaryWriter))
+ {
+ bitWriter.WriteString("Hello world!");
+ bitWriter.WriteString("Unicode Support ✅");
+ bitWriter.WriteString("Does not write pass null.\0 Skip this part");
+ }
+
+ bytes = stream.ToArray();
+ }
+
+ var reader = new BitReader(bytes);
+
+ Assert.AreEqual("Hello world!", reader.ReadString());
+ Assert.AreEqual("Unicode Support ✅", reader.ReadString());
+ Assert.AreEqual("Does not write pass null.", reader.ReadString());
+ }
+
+ protected byte[] GetBytes(Action action)
+ {
+ using (var stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+ {
+ using (var binaryWriter = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(stream))
+ using (var bitWriter = new BitWriter(binaryWriter))
+ {
+ action.Invoke(bitWriter);
+ }
+
+ return stream.ToArray();
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/Bidtellect.Serialization/Base64Converter.cs b/Bidtellect.Serialization/Base64Converter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7e30ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bidtellect.Serialization/Base64Converter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Bidtellect.Serialization
+{
+ ///
+ /// Converts byte arrays to base64 encoded strings and vice versa.
+ ///
+ public static class Base64Converter
+ {
+ ///
+ /// Encodes a value using base64 encoding (RFC-4648).
+ ///
+ /// A byte array to encode.
+ ///
+ /// A base64 encoded string representation of the value.
+ ///
+ public static string Encode(byte[] value)
+ {
+ return Encode(value, 0, value.Length);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Encodes a value using base64 encoding (RFC-4648).
+ ///
+ /// A byte array to encode.
+ /// A 0-based offset in the value.
+ /// The number of bytes to encode.
+ ///
+ /// A base64 encoded string representation of the value.
+ ///
+ public static string Encode(byte[] value, int offset, int length)
+ {
+ var builder = new StringBuilder(Convert.ToBase64String(value, offset, length));
+
+ builder.Replace("+", "-");
+ builder.Replace("/", "_");
+
+ // Remove padding
+ builder.Replace("=", "");
+
+ return builder.ToString();
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Decodes a value using base64 encoding (RFC-4648).
+ ///
+ /// A string encoded in base64.
+ ///
+ /// A byte array representation of the value.
+ ///
+ public static byte[] Decode(string value)
+ {
+ var builder = new StringBuilder(value);
+
+ builder.Replace("-", "+");
+ builder.Replace("_", "/");
+
+ var remainder = builder.Length % 4;
+
+ // Add padding, if needed
+ if (remainder > 0)
+ {
+ builder.Append('=', 4 - remainder);
+ }
+
+ return Convert.FromBase64String(builder.ToString());
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/Bidtellect.Serialization/Bidtellect.Serialization.csproj b/Bidtellect.Serialization/Bidtellect.Serialization.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a39ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bidtellect.Serialization/Bidtellect.Serialization.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+
+
+ netstandard2.0
+ True
+ 1.0.0
+ Bidtellect Team
+ Bidtellect
+ A library that provides functionality to serialize and deserialize data.
+ Copyright © 2022 Bidtellect, Inc.
+ https://github.com/bidtellect/serialization
+ bidtellect.png
+ README.md
+ https://github.com/bidtellect/serialization.git
+ git
+ serialization;bit
+ Apache-2.0
+
+
+
+
+ True
+ \
+
+
+
+
+
+ True
+ \
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/Bidtellect.Serialization/BitReader.cs b/Bidtellect.Serialization/BitReader.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7024d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bidtellect.Serialization/BitReader.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Bidtellect.Serialization
+{
+ ///
+ /// Reads individual bits sequentially from a byte array.
+ ///
+ public class BitReader
+ {
+ protected byte[] byteArray;
+ protected int byteIndex = 0;
+
+ protected byte byteBuffer;
+ protected byte bitMask;
+
+ ///
+ /// Initializes a new instance of BitReader.
+ ///
+ /// The array from which to read.
+ public BitReader(byte[] byteArray)
+ {
+ this.byteArray = byteArray;
+
+ Reset();
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads a single bit as a boolean value where
+ /// true represents 1 and
+ /// false represents 0.
+ ///
+ public bool ReadBit()
+ {
+ var value = (byteBuffer & bitMask) > 0;
+
+ bitMask >>= 1;
+
+ if (bitMask <= 0)
+ {
+ byteIndex += 1;
+ Reset();
+ }
+
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads multiple bits as boolean values where
+ /// true represents 1 and
+ /// false represents 0.
+ ///
+ /// An array of boolean values into which the bits will be read.
+ /// An offset (0-based) from which to begin storing the bits read.
+ /// The number of bits to be read.
+ public void ReadBits(bool[] array, int offset, int length)
+ {
+ for (var i = offset; i < length; i += 1)
+ {
+ array[i] = ReadBit();
+ }
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads multiple bits as boolean values where
+ /// true represents 1 and
+ /// false represents 0.
+ ///
+ /// An array of boolean values into which the bits will be read.
+ public void ReadBits(bool[] array)
+ {
+ ReadBits(array, 0, array.Length);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads multiple bits as boolean values where
+ /// true represents 1 and
+ /// false represents 0.
+ ///
+ /// The number of bits to be read.
+ public bool[] ReadBits(int length)
+ {
+ var array = new bool[length];
+
+ ReadBits(array);
+
+ return array;
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads a byte value.
+ ///
+ public byte ReadByte()
+ {
+ return (byte)ReadBase2(8);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads multiple byte values.
+ ///
+ /// The number of bytes to read.
+ /// An array containing the bytes.
+ public byte[] ReadBytes(int length)
+ {
+ var bytes = new byte[length];
+
+ ReadBytes(bytes, 0, length);
+
+ return bytes;
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads multiple byte values into the given array.
+ ///
+ /// An array of bytes into which the bytes will be read.
+ /// An offset (0-based) from which to begin storing the bytes read.
+ /// The number of bytes to be read.
+ ///
+ /// Thrown when the offset or length values are out of range.
+ ///
+ public void ReadBytes(byte[] value, int offset, int length)
+ {
+ if (offset < 0 || offset > value.Length)
+ {
+ throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(offset));
+ }
+
+ if (length + offset > value.Length)
+ {
+ throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(length));
+ }
+
+ for (var i = offset; i < length; i += 1)
+ {
+ value[i] = ReadByte();
+ }
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads a base2 encoded unsigned integer.
+ ///
+ /// The number of bits to be read.
+ public ulong ReadBase2(int length)
+ {
+ if (length > 64 || length <= 0)
+ {
+ throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(length));
+ }
+
+ var value = 0UL;
+
+ if (ReadBit())
+ {
+ value |= 1;
+ }
+
+ for (var i = 1; i < length; i += 1)
+ {
+ value <<= 1;
+
+ if (ReadBit())
+ {
+ value |= 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads a Fibonacci encoded unsigned integer.
+ ///
+ public long ReadFib()
+ {
+ var a = 0L;
+ var b = 1L;
+
+ var accumulator = 0L;
+
+ var lastBit = false;
+
+ while (true)
+ {
+ var sum = a + b;
+
+ if (ReadBit())
+ {
+ // If there are two 1s in a row, we stop.
+ if (lastBit)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ accumulator += sum;
+ lastBit = true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lastBit = false;
+ }
+
+ a = b;
+ b = sum;
+ }
+
+ return accumulator;
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Reads a null-terminated string encoded using UTF-8.
+ ///
+ public string ReadString()
+ {
+ var sequence = new List();
+
+ var value = ReadByte();
+
+ while (value != 0)
+ {
+ sequence.Add(value);
+ value = ReadByte();
+ }
+
+ return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(sequence.ToArray());
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Resets the bitMask and gets the next byte into the byteBuffer.
+ /// The byteBuffer will be set to 0 if there are no more bytes to read.
+ ///
+ protected void Reset()
+ {
+ bitMask = 0b1000_0000;
+
+ if (byteIndex < byteArray.Length)
+ {
+ byteBuffer = byteArray[byteIndex];
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ byteBuffer = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/Bidtellect.Serialization/BitWriter.cs b/Bidtellect.Serialization/BitWriter.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abaed1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bidtellect.Serialization/BitWriter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Bidtellect.Serialization
+{
+ ///
+ /// Writes individual bits sequentially using a System.IO.BinaryWriter.
+ ///
+ public class BitWriter : IDisposable
+ {
+ protected BinaryWriter binaryWriter;
+
+ protected const byte DefaultMask = 0b1000_0000;
+
+ protected byte byteBuffer;
+ protected byte bitMask;
+
+ ///
+ /// Gets the current position (in bits, starting at 0).
+ ///
+ public int Position { get; protected set; }
+
+ ///
+ /// Initializes a new instance of BitWriter.
+ ///
+ ///
+ /// The binary writer used to write the bits.
+ ///
+ public BitWriter(BinaryWriter binaryWriter)
+ {
+ this.binaryWriter = binaryWriter;
+
+ Reset();
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes a boolean value where
+ /// true is represented as 1 and
+ /// false is represented as 0.
+ ///
+ /// The value to write.
+ public void Write(bool value)
+ {
+ if (value)
+ {
+ byteBuffer |= bitMask;
+ }
+
+ AdvancePosition();
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes a byte value.
+ ///
+ /// The value to write.
+ public void Write(byte value)
+ {
+ WriteBase2(value, 8);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes multiple byte values from the given array.
+ ///
+ /// An array of bytes from which to get the bytes to be written.
+ /// An offset (0-based) from which to begin writting the bytes.
+ /// The number of bytes to be written.
+ ///
+ /// Thrown when the offset or length values are out of range.
+ ///
+ public void Write(byte[] value, int offset, int length)
+ {
+ if (offset < 0 || offset > value.Length)
+ {
+ throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(offset));
+ }
+
+ if (length + offset > value.Length)
+ {
+ throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(length));
+ }
+
+ for (var i = offset; i < length; i += 1)
+ {
+ Write(value[i]);
+ }
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes multiple byte values from the given array.
+ ///
+ /// An array of bytes from which to get the bytes to be written.
+ public void Write(byte[] value)
+ {
+ Write(value, 0, value.Length);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes a series of boolean values where
+ /// true is represented as 1 and
+ /// false is represented as 0.
+ ///
+ /// An enumerable collection of values to write.
+ public void Write(IEnumerable values)
+ {
+ foreach (var value in values)
+ {
+ Write(value);
+ }
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes an unsigned integer using base2 encoding.
+ ///
+ /// The value to write.
+ /// The number of bits used to encode the value.
+ public void WriteBase2(int value, int length)
+ {
+ WriteBase2((uint)value, length);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes an unsigned integer using base2 encoding.
+ ///
+ /// The value to write.
+ /// The number of bits used to encode the value.
+ public void WriteBase2(uint value, int length)
+ {
+ WriteBase2((ulong)value, length);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes an unsigned long integer using base2 encoding.
+ ///
+ /// The value to write.
+ /// The number of bits used to encode the value.
+ public void WriteBase2(long value, int length)
+ {
+ WriteBase2((ulong)value, length);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes an unsigned long integer using base2 encoding.
+ ///
+ /// The value to write.
+ /// The number of bits used to encode the value.
+ public void WriteBase2(ulong value, int length)
+ {
+ var mask = 1UL << length - 1;
+
+ while (mask > 0)
+ {
+ Write((value & mask) > 0);
+
+ mask >>= 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ///
+ public void WriteFib(int value)
+ {
+ if (value <= 0)
+ {
+ throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(value));
+ }
+
+ WriteFib((uint)value);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Writes an unsigned integer in Fibonacci encoding.
+ ///
+ /// The value to write.
+ public void WriteFib(uint value)
+ {
+ var fib = ComputeFib(value);
+
+ var lastBit = false;
+
+ for (var i = 0; ; i += 1)
+ {
+ var bit = (fib & 1UL << i) > 0;
+
+ Write(bit);
+
+ if (lastBit && bit)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lastBit = bit;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ public void WriteString(string value)
+ {
+ var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value);
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i += 1)
+ {
+ Write(bytes[i]);
+
+ // If the value string contains the NUL character, then stop.
+ if (bytes[i] == 0)
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Write a NUL character to denote the end of the string.
+ Write(0);
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Flushes whatever is in the buffer to the underlying binary writer.
+ ///
+ public void Flush()
+ {
+ binaryWriter.Write(byteBuffer);
+ }
+
+ public void Dispose()
+ {
+ if (bitMask != DefaultMask)
+ {
+ Flush();
+ }
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Resets the bitMask and clears the byteBuffer.
+ ///
+ protected void Reset()
+ {
+ bitMask = DefaultMask;
+ byteBuffer = 0;
+ }
+
+ ///
+ /// Moves the position to the next bit; flushing and reseting if needed.
+ ///
+ protected void AdvancePosition()
+ {
+ bitMask >>= 1;
+
+ if (bitMask <= 0)
+ {
+ Flush();
+ Reset();
+ }
+
+ Position += 1;
+ }
+
+ protected static ulong ComputeFib(ulong value)
+ {
+ var a = 0UL;
+ var b = 1UL;
+
+ var n = 0;
+
+ while (true)
+ {
+ var sum = a + b;
+
+ if (sum > value)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ a = b;
+ b = sum;
+ n += 1;
+ }
+
+ var bitField = 1UL << n;
+
+ while (value > 0)
+ {
+ ulong difference;
+
+ n -= 1;
+
+ if (value >= b)
+ {
+ bitField |= 1UL << n;
+
+ value -= b;
+
+ difference = b - a;
+ b = a;
+ a = difference;
+
+ n -= 1;
+ }
+
+ difference = b - a;
+ b = a;
+ a = difference;
+ }
+
+ return bitField;
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/Bidtellect.Serialization/bidtellect.png b/Bidtellect.Serialization/bidtellect.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..876d290
Binary files /dev/null and b/Bidtellect.Serialization/bidtellect.png differ
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f573fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+ Apache License
+ Version 2.0, January 2004
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+ 1. Definitions.
+
+ "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+ and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+ "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+ the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+ "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+ other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+ control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+ "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+ direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+ otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+ outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+ "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+ exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+ "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+ including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+ source, and configuration files.
+
+ "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+ transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+ not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+ and conversions to other media types.
+
+ "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+ Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+ copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+ (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+ "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+ form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+ editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+ represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+ of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+ separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+ the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+ "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+ the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+ to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+ submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+ or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+ the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+ means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+ to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+ communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+ and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+ Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+ excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+ designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+ "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+ on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+ subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+ 2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+ this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+ worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+ copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+ publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+ Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+ 3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+ this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+ worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+ (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+ use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+ where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+ by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+ Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+ with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+ institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+ cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+ or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+ or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+ granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+ as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+ 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+ Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+ modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+ meet the following conditions:
+
+ (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+ Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+ (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+ stating that You changed the files; and
+
+ (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+ that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+ attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+ excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+ the Derivative Works; and
+
+ (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+ distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+ include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+ within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+ pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+ of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+ as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+ documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+ within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+ wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+ of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+ do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+ notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+ or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+ that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+ as modifying the License.
+
+ You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+ may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+ for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+ for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+ reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+ the conditions stated in this License.
+
+ 5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+ any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+ by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+ this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+ Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+ the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+ with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+ 6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+ names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+ except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+ origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+ 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+ agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+ Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+ of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+ PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+ appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+ risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+ 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+ whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+ unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+ negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+ liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+ incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+ result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+ Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+ work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+ other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+ has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+ 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+ the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+ and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+ or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+ License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+ on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+ of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+ defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+ incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+ of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+ END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+ APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+ To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+ boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+ replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+ the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+ comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+ file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+ same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+ identification within third-party archives.
+
+ Copyright 2022 Bidtellect, Inc.
+
+ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdb38cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Bidtellect.Serialization
+
+A library written in C# which provides functionality to serialize and deserialize data.
diff --git a/Serialization.sln b/Serialization.sln
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..854d0bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Serialization.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 17
+VisualStudioVersion = 17.1.32328.378
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Bidtellect.Serialization", "Bidtellect.Serialization\Bidtellect.Serialization.csproj", "{7E25B773-7DF8-4E59-BEB0-C9EF750218A1}"
+EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests", "Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests\Bidtellect.Serialization.Tests.csproj", "{66108C17-62E8-498C-B7BB-A540E6913A06}"
+EndProject
+Global
+ GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+ Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+ Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+ EndGlobalSection
+ GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+ {7E25B773-7DF8-4E59-BEB0-C9EF750218A1}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+ {7E25B773-7DF8-4E59-BEB0-C9EF750218A1}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+ {7E25B773-7DF8-4E59-BEB0-C9EF750218A1}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+ {7E25B773-7DF8-4E59-BEB0-C9EF750218A1}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+ {66108C17-62E8-498C-B7BB-A540E6913A06}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+ {66108C17-62E8-498C-B7BB-A540E6913A06}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+ {66108C17-62E8-498C-B7BB-A540E6913A06}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+ {66108C17-62E8-498C-B7BB-A540E6913A06}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+ EndGlobalSection
+ GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+ HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+ EndGlobalSection
+ GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+ SolutionGuid = {23E5D660-F4C6-4D84-A6B9-DD8ABF912999}
+ EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal