.htaccess

# Apache configuration file
# httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/quickreference.html

# Note .htaccess files are an overhead, this logic should be in your Apache config if possible
# httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/htaccess.html

# Techniques in here adapted from all over, including:
#   Kroc Camen: camendesign.com/.htaccess
#   perishablepress.com/press/2006/01/10/stupid-htaccess-tricks/
#   Sample .htaccess file of CMS MODx: modxcms.com

###
### If you run a webserver other than apache, consider:
### github.com/paulirish/html5-boilerplate-server-configs
###

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Better website experience for IE users
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Force the latest IE version, in various cases when it may fall back to IE7 mode
#  github.com/rails/rails/commit/123eb25#commitcomment-118920
# Use ChromeFrame if it's installed for a better experience for the poor IE folk

<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
    BrowserMatch MSIE ie
    Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" env=ie
  </IfModule>
</IfModule>

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Because X-UA-Compatible isn't sent to non-IE (to save header bytes),
#   We need to inform proxies that content changes based on UA
  Header append Vary User-Agent
# Cache control is set only if mod_headers is enabled, so that's unncessary to declare
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Proper MIME type for all files
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# audio
AddType audio/ogg                      oga ogg

# video
AddType video/ogg                      ogv
AddType video/mp4                      mp4
AddType video/webm                     webm

# Proper svg serving. Required for svg webfonts on iPad
#   twitter.com/FontSquirrel/status/14855840545
AddType     image/svg+xml              svg svgz
AddEncoding gzip                       svgz

# webfonts
AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject  eot
AddType font/truetype                  ttf
AddType font/opentype                  otf
AddType application/x-font-woff        woff

# assorted types
AddType image/x-icon                   ico
AddType image/webp                     webp
AddType text/cache-manifest            appcache manifest
AddType text/x-component               htc
AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx
AddType application/x-xpinstall        xpi
AddType application/octet-stream       safariextz

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# gzip compression
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>

# force deflate for mangled headers developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping/
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
    SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s,?\s(gzip|deflate)?|X{4,13}|~{4,13}|-{4,13})$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
    RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
  </IfModule>
</IfModule>
# html, txt, css, js, json, xml, htc:
<IfModule filter_module>
  FilterDeclare   COMPRESS
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type /text/(html|css|javascript|plain|x(ml|-component))/
  FilterProvider  COMPRESS  DEFLATE resp=Content-Type /application/(javascript|json|xml|x-javascript)/
  FilterChain     COMPRESS
  FilterProtocol  COMPRESS  change=yes;byteranges=no
</IfModule>

<IfModule !mod_filter.c>
  # Legacy versions of Apache
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/css application/json
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript 
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml application/xml text/x-component
</IfModule>

# webfonts and svg:
  <FilesMatch "\.(ttf|otf|eot|svg)$" >
    SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
  </FilesMatch>
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Expires headers (for better cache control)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# these are pretty far-future expires headers
# they assume you control versioning with cachebusting query params like
#   <script src="application.js?20100608">
# additionally, consider that outdated proxies may miscache 
#   www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/

# if you don't use filenames to version, lower the css and js to something like
#   "access plus 1 week" or so

<IfModule mod_expires.c>
  ExpiresActive on

# Perhaps better to whitelist expires rules? Perhaps.
  ExpiresDefault                          "access plus 1 month"

# cache.appcache needs re-requests in FF 3.6 (thx Remy ~Introducing HTML5)
  ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest       "access plus 0 seconds"

# your document html 
  ExpiresByType text/html                 "access plus 0 seconds"
  
# data
  ExpiresByType text/xml                  "access plus 0 seconds"
  ExpiresByType application/xml           "access plus 0 seconds"
  ExpiresByType application/json          "access plus 0 seconds"

# rss feed
  ExpiresByType application/rss+xml       "access plus 1 hour"

# favicon (cannot be renamed)
  ExpiresByType image/x-icon              "access plus 1 week" 

# media: images, video, audio
  ExpiresByType image/gif                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/png                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/jpg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/jpeg                "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/ogg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType audio/ogg                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/mp4                 "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType video/webm                "access plus 1 month"
  
# htc files  (css3pie)
  ExpiresByType text/x-component          "access plus 1 month"
  
# webfonts
  ExpiresByType font/truetype             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType font/opentype             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff   "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType image/svg+xml             "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"
    
# css and javascript
  ExpiresByType text/css                  "access plus 2 months"
  ExpiresByType application/javascript    "access plus 2 months"
  ExpiresByType text/javascript           "access plus 2 months"
  
  <IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header append Cache-Control "public"
  </IfModule>
  
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ETag removal
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Since we're sending far-future expires, we don't need ETags for
# static content.
#   developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags
FileETag None

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start rewrite engine
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Turning on the rewrite engine is necessary for the following rules and features.

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteEngine On
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Suppress or force the "www." at the beginning of URLs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# The same content should never be available under two different URLs - especially not with and
# without "www." at the beginning, since this can cause SEO problems (duplicate content).
# That's why you should choose one of the alternatives and redirect the other one.

# By default option 1 (no "www.") is activated. Remember: Shorter URLs are sexier.
# no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b

# If you rather want to use option 2, just comment out all option 1 lines
# and uncomment option 2.
# IMPORTANT: NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME!

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Option 1:
# Rewrite "www.domain.com -> domain.com" 

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Option 2:
# To rewrite "domain.com -> www.domain.com" uncomment the following lines.
# Be aware that the following rule might not be a good idea if you
# use "real" subdomains for certain parts of your website.

# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
#   RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
#   RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\..+$ [NC]
#   RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} (.+)$ [NC]
#   RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%1/$1 [R=301,L]
# </IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Add/remove trailing slash to (non-file) URLs
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Google treats URLs with and without trailing slashes separately.
# Forcing a trailing slash is usually preferred, but all that's really
# important is that one correctly redirects to the other.

# By default option 1 (force trailing slash) is activated.
# http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2010/04/to-slash-or-not-to-slash.html
# http://www.alistapart.com/articles/slashforward/
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/misc/rewriteguide.html#url Trailing Slash Problem

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Option 1:
# Rewrite "domain.com/foo -> domain.com/foo/"

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,5}|/|#(.*))$
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /$1/ [R=301,L]
</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Option 2:
# Rewrite "domain.com/foo/ -> domain.com/foo"

#<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
#  RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [R=301,L]
#</IfModule>

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Prevent 404 errors for non-existing redirected folders
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# without -MultiViews, Apache will give a 404 for a rewrite if a folder of the same name does not exist 
#   e.g. /blog/hello : webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htm

Options -MultiViews 

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# custom 404 page
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# You can add custom pages to handle 500 or 403 pretty easily, if you like.
#ErrorDocument 404 /404.html

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# UTF-8 encoding
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# use utf-8 encoding for anything served text/plain or text/html
AddDefaultCharset utf-8

# force utf-8 for a number of file formats
AddCharset utf-8 .html .css .js .xml .json .rss

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# A little more security
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# "-Indexes" will have Apache block users from browsing folders without a default document
# Usually you should leave this activated, because you shouldn't allow everybody to surf through
# every folder on your server (which includes rather private places like CMS system folders).
Options -Indexes


# Block access to "hidden" directories whose names begin with a period. This
# includes directories used by version control systems such as Subversion or Git.
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
</IfModule>

# Increase cookie security
<IfModule php5_module>
php_value session.cookie_httponly true
</IfModule>