Git_essential_notes.md

Here, are some insights from the Udemy course on the basics of git for begineers.

Git Basics

Initialize a repository:

git init

Initialize an empty Git repository.

Show the status of your repository:

git status

Displays the state of your working directory and staging area.

Stage a specific file:

git add readme.txt

Stages readme.txt for the next commit.

Stage all changed files:

git add .

Stages all changes (new, modified, or deleted files).

Commit the staged files:

git commit -m "Create readme file"

Commits staged changes with a descriptive message.

Set Notepad as the default editor:

git config --global core.editor notepad

Configures Notepad as the editor when no message is provided with git commit.

Show the changes of a specific file:

git diff readme.txt

Shows changes between the working directory and the last commit for readme.txt.

Show changes in your working directory:

git diff

Shows changes between working directory and staging area.

Show changes in your staging area:

git diff --staged

Displays differences between the staging area and the latest commit.

Show the history/log:

git log

Displays the commit history.

Show the history/log with one commit per line:

git log --pretty=oneline

Displays each commit in a single line.

Checkout a specific commit by its snapshot hash:

git checkout b346471

Checks out a commit using its unique hash.

Navigate back to your main branch:

git checkout main

Switches to the main branch.

Show the Git version:

git -v

Displays the current Git version.

Show the configurations:

git config -l

Lists all configurations.

Configure your username and email:

git config --global user.name "Thomas Claudius Huber"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

Sets up the global username and email for commits.

Show origin of configurations:

git config -l --show-origin

Shows where configurations are stored.

List local branches:

git branch

Lists all local branches.

Create a new branch:

git branch feature/AddTwitterHandle

Creates a new branch called feature/AddTwitterHandle.

Checkout the new branch:

git checkout feature/AddTwitterHandle

Switches to the new branch.

Merge changes into main:

git merge feature/AddTwitterHandle

Merges the feature/AddTwitterHandle branch into main.

Show a graph of the history:

git log --pretty=oneline --graph

Displays the commit history as a graph.

Add a remote repository:

git remote add origin https://repositoryURL

Adds a remote repository under the name origin.

Push to the remote repository:

git push -u origin main

Pushes changes to the main branch and sets it as upstream.

Clone a remote repository:

git clone https://repositoryURL

Clones a remote repository to your local machine.

Fetch changes from the remote repository:

git fetch

Downloads changes from the remote without merging them.

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Now you know the basics of Git, including how to initialize a repository, stage changes, commit, push, fetch, and branch!

Some more commands

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# Summary of Git Commands for Pull Request Workflow

This document provides a step-by-step summary of the Git commands used for forking, making changes, and creating a pull request (PR) in a collaborative workflow.

1. Clone the Repository

Clone the forked repository to your local machine.

git clone https://github.com/your-username/forked-repo.git
cd forked-repo

2. Make Changes

Edit the files as needed, then stage and commit your changes.

git add filename.ext
git commit -m "Added new function in filename.ext"

3. Add Upstream Remote

Add the original repository as an upstream remote to keep your fork updated.

git remote add upstream https://github.com/friend-username/original-repo.git

4. Fetch Updates from Upstream

Fetch any updates from your friend's original repository.

git fetch upstream

5. Merge Changes from Upstream

Merge the fetched changes into your local branch to ensure it’s up-to-date.

git merge upstream/main

6. Push Changes to Your Fork

Push your local changes to your forked repository on GitHub.

git push origin main

7. Create a Pull Request

1. Go to your forked repository on GitHub.
2. Click on "Compare & pull request".
3. Review the changes and submit the pull request (PR).

Suggested Pull Request Title

When creating a pull request, use a descriptive title like:

• Add new feature for calculating user scores

This ensures clarity about the changes you made.