From de92a34b7ffc650c4c2759fce60330932cf451f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Pablo=20Bartolom=C3=A9?= <pablobart.me@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2024 22:03:46 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Knigth-tour algorithm

---
 .../algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.hpp    | 92 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.cpp    |  8 ++
 2 files changed, 100 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 cpp/include/algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.hpp
 create mode 100644 cpp/test/algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.cpp

diff --git a/cpp/include/algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.hpp b/cpp/include/algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78ae98d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpp/include/algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+    Knight Tour problem
+    ----------------
+	Find a sequence of moves for the knight on a chessboard such that it visits every square on the board exactly one time
+
+    Time complexity
+    ---------------
+    O(8^(n^2)), where N is the size of the chessboards.
+
+    Space complexity
+    ----------------
+    O(N^2), where N is the size of the chessboards.
+*/
+
+#ifndef KNIGHT_TOUR_HPP
+#define KNIGHT_TOUR_HPP
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+typedef std::vector<std::vector<bool>> Board;
+
+const int N = 8;		// N is the number of cells per side. N = 8 means a chessboard of 64 cells.	
+int moveCount = 0;		// Counter for number of movements.
+
+class KnightTour {
+private:
+    Board board;	// Instantiate a board.
+	// Arrays for the possible moves, either in x-axis or y-axis, with the numbers of cells the Knight can move in each axis.
+    int xMove[8] = {2, 1, -1, -2, -2, -1, 1, 2};
+    int yMove[8] = {1, 2, 2, 1, -1, -2, -2, -1};
+
+    bool isSafe(int x, int y) {
+        return (x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x < N && y < N && !board[x][y]);
+    }
+	/**
+	* @param x : x-axis of the current position of the Knight.
+	* @param y : y-axis of the current position of the Knight.
+	* @param movei : represents the current move number to keep track of the number of movements.
+	*/
+    bool solveKTUtil(int x, int y, int movei) {
+        int next_x, next_y;
+        if (movei == N * N)	// Max is 64 moves.
+            return true;	// End of recursives calls.	
+
+        for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
+            next_x = x + xMove[k];
+            next_y = y + yMove[k];
+            if (isSafe(next_x, next_y)) {
+                board[next_x][next_y] = true;	// Mark the cell as visited by the Knight.
+                if (solveKTUtil(next_x, next_y, movei + 1))
+                    return true;
+                else
+                    board[next_x][next_y] = false; // Backtrack
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+public:
+    KnightTour() {
+		// Initialize to false all the cells if the board. No cell is visited by the Knight at the very beginning.
+        board.assign(N, vector<bool>(N, false));
+    }
+	/**
+	* Solve method to be called to find a solution of the problem. By default, we start at the top-left corner.
+	* */
+    bool solve() {
+        // Starting from the top-left corner
+        board[0][0] = true;
+
+        // Start from position (0, 0) and explore all tours
+        if (!solveKTUtil(0, 0, 1)) {
+            cout << "Solution does not exist" << endl;
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            cout << "Solution: \n";
+            printSolution();
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printSolution() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j)
+                cout << board[i][j] << "\t";
+            cout << endl;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+#endif  // KNIGHT_TOUR_HPP
diff --git a/cpp/test/algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.cpp b/cpp/test/algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2d938b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpp/test/algorithm/backtracking/knight-tour.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "third_party/catch.hpp"
+#include "algorithm/backtracking/n_queens.hpp"
+
+TEST_CASE("Base cases", "[backtracking][n_queens]") {
+    // N = 0 (cannot place)
+    KnightTour kt;
+    kt.solve();
+}
\ No newline at end of file