diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
index 8dada3e..bab119a 100644
--- a/LICENSE
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -178,7 +178,11 @@
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+<<<<<<< HEAD
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"
+=======
+ boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+>>>>>>> 6a1954193341f5a9778bd22ef9da66ef42836cc7
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
@@ -186,7 +190,11 @@
same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
identification within third-party archives.
+<<<<<<< HEAD
Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner}
+=======
+ Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+>>>>>>> 6a1954193341f5a9778bd22ef9da66ef42836cc7
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
diff --git a/data/2000.bib b/data/2000.bib
index dca4542..a1c6bc4 100644
--- a/data/2000.bib
+++ b/data/2000.bib
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ @article{ ISI:000085724100006
Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary}},
Author-Email = {{ jacques.marchand@gci.ulaval.ca }},
-Author-Email = {{Jacques Marchand}},
+Author-Name = {{Jacques Marchand}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
Times-Cited = {{111}},
@@ -584,3 +584,58 @@ @gsj.go.jp
DA = {{2017-08-29}},
}
+@article{ ISI:000088336900008,
+Author = {Rizzi, E and Papa, E and Corigliano, A},
+Title = {{Mechanical behavior of a syntactic foam: experiments and modeling}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{40}},
+Pages = {{5773-5794}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper reports the results of a research activity concerning the
+ mechanical behavior of a syntactic foam employed as core material for
+ sandwich composite panels. Following a purely phenomenological approach,
+ experimental and numerical results are presented and compared at the
+ macroscopic scale. The main features observed in the uniaxial, biaxial
+ and Three Point Bending (TPB) tests are highlighted. A bimodulus
+ constitutive model of the Drucker-Prager type is chosen for modeling
+ biaxial stress states with diffused damage. An alternative discrete
+ crack approach is devised for the computer simulation of the (TPB) three
+ point bending tests: the best matching is achieved for a rectangular
+ Dugdale-type cohesive law. Though not proposing novel experimental or
+ numerical methodologies, the present engineering approach should
+ interest readers generally involved in computational composite mechanics
+ and, specifically, in modeling particulate composites of the type
+ considered here. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Corigliano, A (Reprint Author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Politecn Bari, Fac Ingn Taranto, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, I-70125 Bari, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00264-4}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{composites; syntactic foams; experiments; uniaxial tension/compression;
+ biaxial compression; three point bending; constitutive models; cohesive
+ laws; finite element simulations}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITES; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{RIZZI, Egidio/C-2263-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{RIZZI, Egidio/0000-0002-6734-1382}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{85}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{337BF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000088336900008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+Author-Email = {{ coriglia@stru.polimi.it }},
+Author-Name = {{AlbertoCorigliano}},
+}
+>>>>>>> e7606b1ddd0783f854bac725841cddba3f9c8155
+>>>>>>> 6a1954193341f5a9778bd22ef9da66ef42836cc7
diff --git a/data/2003.bib b/data/2003.bib
index 42bbe3b..a9a0776 100644
--- a/data/2003.bib
+++ b/data/2003.bib
@@ -583,6 +583,7 @@ @imperial.ac.uk
Data={N/A}
}
+
@Article{CHEN2003221,
Title = {Foreign object damage in a thermal barrier system: mechanisms and simulations},
Author = {X Chen and R Wang and N Yao and A.G Evans and J.W Hutchinson and R.W Bruce},
@@ -600,3 +601,4 @@ @esag.harvard.edu
Data={N/A}
}
+
diff --git a/data/2004.bib b/data/2004.bib
index faea132..a010415 100644
--- a/data/2004.bib
+++ b/data/2004.bib
@@ -693,3 +693,57 @@ @umist.ac.uk
Author-Name={L. Babout},
Data={N/A}
}
+
+
+@article{ ISI:000225845800040,
+Author = {Guo, YB and Yen, DW},
+Title = {{A FEM study on mechanisms of discontinuous chip formation in hard
+ machining}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{155}},
+Number = {{2, SI}},
+Pages = {{1350-1356}},
+Month = {{NOV 30}},
+Abstract = {{Chip types in machining are determined by the combined effects of
+ workpiece material properties, cutting speed, and tool geometry. The
+ understanding of chip formation plays an important role in machining
+ process optimization and surface integrity. Discontinuous chips, one of
+ the major chip types, are usually formed in hard machining at high
+ speeds. In this study, a new method has been presented to simulate
+ discontinuous chips in high-speed machining AISI 4340 (32 HRc). The
+ workpiece material properties have been modeled using the Johnson-Cook
+ (JC) plasticity model, and material crack formation and propagation
+ simulated using the Johnson-Cook damage model. It has been shown that
+ discontinuous chip is due to the internal crack initiation and
+ propagation in front of the tool and above the cutting edge, rather than
+ from the free surface. The simulated chip morphology correlated well
+ with the experimental results. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Guo, YB (Reprint Author), Univ Alabama, Dept Engn Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
+ Univ Alabama, Dept Engn Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
+ Delphi E\&C Dayton Tech Ctr, Dayton, OH 45408 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.210}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{finite element analysis; discontinuous chips; hard machining}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SHEAR INSTABILITY; SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yguo@coe.eng.ua.edu
+ david.w.yen@delphi.com}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{75}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{881EI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225845800040}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
diff --git a/data/2006.bib b/data/2006.bib
index 1bfd03b..ed21eae 100644
--- a/data/2006.bib
+++ b/data/2006.bib
@@ -666,7 +666,6 @@ @pg.gda.pl
Data={N/A}
}
-
@article{ ISI:000238708400009,
Author = {Thurner, PJ and Wyss, P and Voide, R and Stauber, M and Stampanoni, M
and Sennhauser, U and Muller, R},
diff --git a/data/2008.bib b/data/2008.bib
index 80c6857..f83f8ef 100644
--- a/data/2008.bib
+++ b/data/2008.bib
@@ -619,3 +619,58 @@ @hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Author-Name={Thomas Mitchell},
Data={N/A}
}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251857100009,
+Author = {Hallett, Stephen R. and Jiang, Wen-Guang and Khan, Bijoysri and Wisnom,
+ Michael R.},
+Title = {{Modelling the interaction between matrix cracks and delamination damage
+ in scaled quasi-isotropic specimens}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{68}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{80-89}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{A series of tensile tests on scaled quasi-isotropic laminates have been
+ carried out and modelled using finite element analysis to predict
+ failure. Observations during testing and examination of the failed test
+ specimens showed significant influence of matrix cracking and
+ delamination on the final failure. Initially the virtual crack closure
+ technique (VCCT) was used to determine the applied load that would cause
+ free edge delamination. Experimental results showed that failure
+ occurred at loads lower than those predicted. Matrix cracks, observed in
+ the testing, were introduced into the model and interface elements were
+ used to model the delamination development. This approach gave good
+ correlation to the behaviour observed in the tests. Even in the
+ specimens apparently dominated by fibre failure, delamination was shown
+ to be significant. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hallett, SR (Reprint Author), Univ Bristol, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ Hallett, Stephen R.; Jiang, Wen-Guang; Khan, Bijoysri; Wisnom, Michael R., Univ Bristol, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.05.038}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{strength; delamination; transverse cracking; finite element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; PREDICTION; SIMULATION;
+ GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{stephen.hallett@bristol.ac.uk}},
+Author-Name={{Stephen Hallet}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wisnom, Michael/A-4413-2008
+ Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{244HN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251857100009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+Data={{N/A}}
+}
+
diff --git a/data/2010.bib b/data/2010.bib
index a2cadc2..7695cd3 100644
--- a/data/2010.bib
+++ b/data/2010.bib
@@ -733,6 +733,7 @@ @tudelft.nl
Data={N/A}
}
+
@article{ ISI:000282997700015,
Author = {Moro, I. and Briottet, L. and Lemoine, P. and Andrieu, E. and Blanc, C.
and Odemer, G.},
@@ -795,4 +796,5 @@ @cea.fr
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-29}},
Data={N/A}
-+}
+}
+
diff --git a/data/2011.bib b/data/2011.bib
index b78df0d..d3f55ab 100644
--- a/data/2011.bib
+++ b/data/2011.bib
@@ -707,6 +707,7 @@ @umanitoba.ca
Data={N/A}
}
+
@article{ ISI:000289766200012,
Author = {Ozbolt, Josko and Sharma, Akanshu and Reinhardt, Hans-Wolf},
Title = {{Dynamic fracture of concrete - compact tension specimen}},
@@ -812,7 +813,9 @@ @article{ ISI:000279477200004
Keywords = {{Deicer; Portland cement concrete; SEM; EDX; Freeze-thaw}},
Keywords-Plus = {{ALKALI-SILICA REACTION; MORTARS; CORROSION; EXPANSION; WATER}},
Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
-Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Buil
+
+ding Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary}},
Author-Email = {{xianming\_s@coe.montana.edu}},
Author-Name={Xianming Shi},
@@ -841,4 +844,5 @@ @coe.montana.edu
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279477200004}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-29}},
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
diff --git a/data/2012.bib b/data/2012.bib
index 1263a37..c8da565 100644
--- a/data/2012.bib
+++ b/data/2012.bib
@@ -762,6 +762,7 @@ @hspdigital.org
Data={N/A}
}
+
@article{ ISI:000300648000005,
Author = {Sause, M. G. R. and Mueller, T. and Horoschenkoff, A. and Horn, S.},
Title = {{Quantification of failure mechanisms in mode-I loading of fiber
@@ -829,4 +830,5 @@ @physik.uni-augsburg.de
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000300648000005}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-29}},
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
diff --git a/data/2013.bib b/data/2013.bib
index b998253..aaa48a1 100644
--- a/data/2013.bib
+++ b/data/2013.bib
@@ -675,3 +675,58 @@ @imr.ac.cn
DA = {{2017-08-29}},
}
+
+@article{ ISI:000322706000023,
+Author = {Li Longbiao and Song Yingdong and Sun Youchao},
+Title = {{Estimate Interface Shear Stress of Unidirectional C/SiC Ceramic Matrix
+ Composites from Hysteresis Loops}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{20}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{693-707}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The tensile-tensile fatigue behavior of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic
+ matrix composites at room and elevated temperature has been
+ investigated. An approach to estimate the interface shear stress of
+ ceramic matrix composites under fatigue loading has been developed.
+ Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix in
+ the interface debonded region upon unloading and subsequent reloading,
+ the unloading interface reverse slip length and reloading interface new
+ slip length are determined by the fracture mechanics approach. The
+ hysteresis loss energy for the strain energy lost per volume during
+ corresponding cycle is formulatd in terms of interface shear stress. By
+ comparing the experimental hysteresis loss energy with the computational
+ values, the interface shear stress of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic
+ composites corresponding to different cycles at room and elevated
+ temperatures has been predicted.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, LB (Reprint Author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, 29 Yudao St, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
+ Li Longbiao; Sun Youchao, Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
+ Song Yingdong, Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Energy \& Power Engn, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10443-012-9297-0}},
+ISSN = {{0929-189X}},
+Keywords = {{Ceramic matrix composites; C/SiC; Fatigue; Interface shear stress;
+ Hysteresis loops; Matrix cracking; Interface debonding}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL HYSTERESIS; OUT TESTS; FATIGUE; BEHAVIOR; FRICTION; CRACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{llb451@nuaa.edu.cn}},
+Author-Name={{Li Longbiao}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China {[}2012M511274]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is sponsored by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
+ (Grant No. 2012M511274).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Compos. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{195MF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000322706000023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
diff --git a/data/2014.bib b/data/2014.bib
index 4d8ff63..d399e44 100644
--- a/data/2014.bib
+++ b/data/2014.bib
@@ -736,3 +736,75 @@ @aut.ac.ir
Author-Name={A. Rahimi},
Data={N/A}
}
+
+
+@article{ ISI:000340594600001,
+Author = {Hall, James S. and Fromme, Paul and Michaels, Jennifer E.},
+Title = {{Guided Wave Damage Characterization via Minimum Variance Imaging with a
+ Distributed Array of Ultrasonic Sensors}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{299-308}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Guided wave imaging with a distributed array of inexpensive transducers
+ offers a fast and cost-efficient means for damage detection and
+ localization in plate-like structures such as aircraft and spacecraft
+ skins. As such, this technology is a natural choice for inclusion in
+ condition-based maintenance and integrated structural health management
+ programs. One of the implementation challenges results from the complex
+ interaction of propagating ultrasonic waves with both the interrogation
+ structure and potential defects or damage. For example, a guided
+ ultrasonic wave interacts with a surface or sub-surface defect
+ differently depending on the angle of incidence, defect size and
+ orientation, excitation frequency, and guided wave mode. However, this
+ complex interaction also provides a mechanism for guided wave imaging
+ algorithms to perform damage characterization in addition to damage
+ detection and localization. Damage characterization provides a mechanism
+ to help discriminate actual damage (e.g. fatigue cracks) from benign
+ changes, and can be used with crack propagation models to estimate
+ remaining life. This work proposes the use of minimum variance imaging
+ to perform damage detection, localization, and characterization.
+ Scattering assumptions used to perform damage characterization are
+ obtained through both analytical and finite element models. Experimental
+ data from an in situ distributed array are used to demonstrate
+ feasibility of this approach using a through-hole and two
+ through-thickness notches of different orientations to simulate damage
+ in an aluminum plate.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Michaels, JE (Reprint Author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Hall, James S., Hidden Solut LLC, Kissimmee, FL USA.
+ Fromme, Paul, UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London, England.
+ Michaels, Jennifer E., Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10921-013-0212-x}},
+ISSN = {{0195-9298}},
+EISSN = {{1573-4862}},
+Keywords = {{Lamb waves; Structural health monitoring; Nondestructive evaluation;
+ Minimum variance; MVDR; Scattering}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-FREQUENCY REFLECTION; THROUGH-THICKNESS HOLE; LAMB WAVE; SCATTERING;
+ PLATE; CRACKS; LOCALIZATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{jemichaels@gatech.edu}},
+Author-Name={{Jennifer E. Michaels}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NASA Graduate Student Research Program {[}NNX08AY93H]; Air Force Office
+ of Scientific Research {[}FA9550-08-1-0241]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the NASA Graduate Student Research Program,
+ Grant No. NNX08AY93H (first author), and the Air Force Office of
+ Scientific Research, Grant No. FA9550-08-1-0241 (third author).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Nondestruct. Eval.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AN4YA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000340594600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+Data={{N/A}}
+}
+
diff --git a/data/2015.bib b/data/2015.bib
index 8271271..ffdb24b 100644
--- a/data/2015.bib
+++ b/data/2015.bib
@@ -682,3 +682,96 @@ @UGent.be
Data = {{N/A}}
}
+
+@article{ ISI:000349889700007,
+Author = {Peng, Ruidong and Ju, Yang and Wang, J. G. and Xie, Heping and Gao, Feng
+ and Mao, Lingtao},
+Title = {{Energy Dissipation and Release During Coal Failure Under Conventional
+ Triaxial Compression}},
+Journal = {{ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{509-526}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that energy
+ dissipation and release play an important role in the deformation and
+ failure of coal rocks. To determine the relationship between energy
+ transformation and coal failure, the mechanical behaviors of coal
+ specimens taken from a 600-m deep mine were investigated by conventional
+ triaxial compression tests using five different confining pressures.
+ Each coal specimen was scanned by microfocus computed tomography before
+ and after testing to examine the crack patterns. Sieve analysis was used
+ to measure the post-failure coal fragments, and a fractal model was
+ developed for describing the size distribution of the fragments. Based
+ on the test results, a damage evolution model of the rigidity
+ degeneration of coal before the peak strength was also developed and
+ used to determine the initial damage and critical damage variables. It
+ was found that the peak strength increased with increasing confining
+ pressure, but the critical damage variable was almost invariant. More
+ new cracks were initiated in the coal specimens when there was no
+ confining pressure or the pressure was too high. The parameters of
+ failure energy ratio beta and stress drop coefficient alpha are further
+ proposed to describe the failure mode of coal under different confining
+ pressures. The test results revealed that beta was approximately
+ linearly related to the fractal dimension of the coal fragments and that
+ a higher failure energy ratio corresponded to a larger fractal dimension
+ and more severe failure. The stress drop coefficient alpha decreased
+ approximately exponentially with increasing confining pressure, and
+ could be used to appropriately describe the evolution of the coal
+ failure mode from brittle to ductile with increasing confining pressure.
+ A large beta and small alpha under a high confining pressure were
+ noticed during the tests, which implied that the failure of the coal was
+ a kind of pseudo-ductile failure. Brittle failure occurred when the
+ confining pressure was unloaded-an observation that is important for the
+ safety assessment of deep mines, where a high in situ stress might
+ result in brittle failure of the coal seam, or sudden outburst.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER WIEN}},
+Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Peng, RD (Reprint Author), China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Coal Resources \& Safe Min, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
+ Peng, Ruidong; Ju, Yang; Mao, Lingtao, China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Coal Resources \& Safe Min, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
+ Ju, Yang; Wang, J. G.; Gao, Feng, China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Xuzhou 221116, Peoples R China.
+ Wang, J. G., Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech \& Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
+ Xie, Heping, Sichuan Univ, Coll Hydraul \& Hydroelect Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00603-014-0602-0}},
+ISSN = {{0723-2632}},
+EISSN = {{1434-453X}},
+Keywords = {{Coal; Triaxial compression; Computed tomography image; Failure; Damage
+ variable; Energy dissipation; Energy release}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE MODEL; ROCK MASS; EVOLUTION; MECHANICS; DEFORMATION; CONCRETE;
+ GEOMATERIALS; SIMULATION; STRENGTH; STRESSES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{prd@cumtb.edu.cn}},
+Author-Name={{Ruidong Peng}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wang, J.G./K-2926-2013
+ Peng, Ruidong/F-5432-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wang, J.G./0000-0003-2988-7867
+ Peng, Ruidong/0000-0003-2926-183X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Basic Research Program of China {[}2010CB226804, 2011CB201201];
+ National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of China
+ {[}51125017]; National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}10802092];
+ Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
+ {[}NCET-12-0966]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
+ Universities {[}2009QM03]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study was financially supported by the National Basic Research
+ Program of China (Nos. 2010CB226804 and 2011CB201201), the National
+ Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of China (Grant
+ No. 51125017), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.
+ 10802092), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
+ (No. NCET-12-0966), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
+ Universities (No. 2009QM03).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{72}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Rock Mech. Rock Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CB8ON}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000349889700007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+Data={{N/A}}
+}
+
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2000.bib b/data/WoS_export/2000.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9909696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2000.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,1675 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000088908100007,
+Author = {Bazant, ZP and Caner, FC and Carol, I and Adley, MD and Akers, SA},
+Title = {{Microplane model M4 for concrete. I: Formulation with work-conjugate
+ deviatoric stress}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{126}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{944-953}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The first part of this two-part study presents a new improved microplane
+ constitutive model for concrete, representing the fourth Version in the
+ Line of microplane models developed at Northwestern University. The
+ constitutive law is characterized as a relation between the normal,
+ volumetric, deviatoric, and shear stresses and strains on planes of
+ various orientations, called the microplanes. The strain components on
+ the microplanes are the projections of the continuum strain tensor, and
+ the continuum stresses are obtained from the microplane stress
+ components according to the principle of virtual work. The improvements
+ include (I) a work-conjugate volumetric deviatoric split-the main
+ improvement, facilitating physical interpretation of stress components;
+ (2) additional horizontal boundaries (yield limits) for the normal and
+ deviatoric microplane stress components, making it possible to control
+ the curvature at the peaks of stress-strain curves; (3) an improved
+ nonlinear frictional yield surface with plasticity asymptote; (4) a
+ simpler and more effective fitting procedure with sequential
+ identification of material parameters; (5) a method to control the
+ steepness and tail length of postpeak softening: and (6) damage modeling
+ with a reduction of unloading stiffness and crack-closing boundary. The
+ second part of this study, by Caner and Bazant, will present an
+ algorithm for implementing the model in structural analysis programs and
+ provide experimental verification and calibration by test data.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bazant, ZP (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, McCormick Sch Engn \& Appl Sci, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, McCormick Sch Engn \& Appl Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Univ Politecn Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
+ Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA.
+ USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Div Geomech, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.}},
+ISSN = {{0733-9399}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BRITTLE-PLASTIC MATERIAL; FINITE STRAIN; FRACTURE; DAMAGE; VERIFICATION;
+ DEFORMATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009
+ Caner, Ferhun/E-5848-2010
+ Carol, Ignacio/H-9011-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Caner, Ferhun/0000-0002-6448-0942
+ Carol, Ignacio/0000-0002-1821-7203}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{173}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{347BY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000088908100007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000086756500007,
+Author = {Dalpiaz, G and Rivola, A and Rubini, R},
+Title = {{Effectiveness and sensitivity of vibration processing techniques for
+ local fault detection in gears}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{14}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{387-412}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{This paper deals with gear condition monitoring based on vibration
+ analysis techniques. The detection and diagnostic capability of some of
+ the most effective techniques are discussed and compared on the basis of
+ experimental results, concerning a gear pair affected by a fatigue
+ crack. Tn particular, the results of new approaches based on
+ time-frequency and cyclostationarity analysis are compared against those
+ obtained by means of the well-accepted cepstrum analysis and
+ time-synchronous average analysis. Moreover, the sensitivity to fault
+ severity is assessed by considering two different depths of the crack.
+ The effect of transducer location and processing options are also shown.
+ In the case of the experimental results considered in this paper, the
+ power cepstrum is practically insensitive to the crack evolution.
+ Conversely, the spectral correlation density function is able to monitor
+ the fault development and dos not seem to be significantly influenced by
+ the transducer position. Analysis techniques of the time-synchronous
+ average, such as this `residual' signal and the demodulation technique,
+ are able to localise the damaged tooth; however, the sensitivity of the
+ demodulation technique is strongly dependent on the proper choice of the
+ filtering band and affected by the transducer location. The wavelet
+ transform seems to be a good tool for crack detection: it is
+ particularly effective if the residual part of the time-synchronous
+ averaged signal is processed. (C) 2000 Academic Press.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Dalpiaz, G (Reprint Author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Ingn Construz Meccan Nucl Aeronaut, Bologna, Italy.
+ Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Ingn Construz Meccan Nucl Aeronaut, Bologna, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1006/mssp.1999.1294}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAVELET TRANSFORM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{giorgio.dalpiaz@mail.ing.unibo.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rivola, Alessandro/D-2100-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Rivola, Alessandro/0000-0003-1062-0847
+ Dalpiaz, Giorgio/0000-0003-1051-7516
+ RUBINI, Riccardo/0000-0001-9037-7378}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{165}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{309EZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000086756500007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000085091700013,
+Author = {Hou, JP and Petrinic, N and Ruiz, C and Hallett, SR},
+Title = {{Prediction of impact damage in composite plates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{60}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{273-281}},
+Abstract = {{This paper gives details of the implementation of improved failure
+ criteria for laminated composite structures into LS-DYNA3D. Out-of-plane
+ stresses have been taken into consideration for damage initiation. It is
+ suggested, for the first time, that delamination is constrained by
+ through-thickness compression stress. Interactions between different
+ damage mechanisms have been considered. Damage predictions in good
+ agreement with experimental ones have been achieved. (C) 2000 Elsevier
+ Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hou, JP (Reprint Author), Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
+ Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00126-8}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{impact behaviour; matrix cracking; delamination; failure criterion;
+ finite element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011
+ Petrinic, Nik/B-4051-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323
+ Petrinic, Nik/0000-0002-2569-6337}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{151}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{42}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{280FN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000085091700013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000088003400012,
+Author = {Siegesmund, S and Ullemeyer, K and Weiss, T and Tschegg, EK},
+Title = {{Physical weathering of marbles caused by anisotropic thermal expansion}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{89}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{170-182}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Marbles as building stones as well as in their natural environments show
+ complex weathering phenomena. The most important damage scenario is
+ based on the highly anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient cu of
+ calcite, i.e. extreme expansion parallel and contraction normal to the
+ crystallographic c-axis. Therefore, the rock fabric and especially the
+ lattice-preferred orientation (texture) of calcite and/or dolomite as
+ the predominant mineral phases in marbles have a significant influence
+ on the mechanical weathering. The textures of marbles from five
+ different locations vary from a more or less perfect prolate to moderate
+ oblate shape of the {[}006] pole figure tensor. Accordingly, the
+ texture-derived bulk thermal dilatation anisotropy covers a broad range
+ from -0.048 to 0.680. The modelled thermal dilatations correlate with
+ those obtained from experimental measurements. The difference in
+ magnitude is basically explained by the microcrack fabrics which was not
+ considered in the computations. All samples show a deterioration due to
+ thermal treatment regardless of the strength of texture. The directional
+ dependence of (a) the total magnitude of the thermal dilatation
+ coefficient and (b) of the residual strain is highest in marbles with a
+ strong texture, whereas the Carrara marble with a weak texture exhibits
+ a uniform crack formation. The progressive loss of cohesion along grain
+ boundaries due to dilatancy may serve as an example for the initial
+ stage of physical weathering.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER VERLAG}},
+Address = {{175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Siegesmund, S (Reprint Author), Inst Geol \& Dynam Lithosphare, Goldschmidtstr 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.
+ Inst Geol \& Dynam Lithosphare, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.
+ Inst Geol Palaontol, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
+ Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia.
+ Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Angew \& Tech Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s005310050324}},
+ISSN = {{1437-3254}},
+Keywords = {{marble; building stone; physical weathering; thermal dilatation; rock
+ fabrics; lattice preferred orientation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TEXTURE ANALYSIS; DUBNA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
+Times-Cited = {{119}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Earth Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{331EB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000088003400012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000085724100006,
+Author = {Gerard, B and Marchand, J},
+Title = {{Influence of cracking on the diffusion properties of cement-based
+ materials - Part I: Influence of continuous cracks on the steady-state
+ regime}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{30}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{37-43}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{The influence of traversing cracks on the steady-state diffusion
+ properties of concrete was studied. The effect of both anisotropic and
+ isotropic crack networks was first theoretically assessed using an
+ analytical approach. To simplify the transport equations, cracks were
+ assumed to be of uniform size and evenly distributed on a one- or
+ two-dimensional grid. Results of the theoretical analysis were then
+ compared to experimental data. Both series of results indicate that
+ cracking can markedly alter the diffusion properties of the material and
+ favor the penetration (or the leaching) of drifting species. A simple
+ method to predict the effect of cracking on the concrete diffusivity is
+ proposed. Predictions are made on the basis of two parameters: the crack
+ density and the mean crack aperture. This method can provide a first
+ estimate of the diffusion properties of severely damaged concrete
+ elements. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Marchand, J (Reprint Author), Univ Laval, Dept Genie Civil, CRIB, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.
+ Univ Laval, Dept Genie Civil, CRIB, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.
+ Elect France, MTC1 Direct Etud \& Rech, F-77818 Moret Sur Loing, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00201-X}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{cracks; diffusion; chloride; modeling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONCRETE; TRANSPORT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{111}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{291FU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000085724100006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000165575800015,
+Author = {Van den Abeele, K and De Visscher, J},
+Title = {{Damage assessment in reinforced concrete using spectral and temporal
+ nonlinear vibration techniques}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{30}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1453-1464}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Both linear and nonlinear (amplitude-dependent) acoustical experiments
+ are performed on a reinforced concrete (RC) beam in which damage is
+ gradually induced by means of static loading tests. At different levels
+ of damage, a complete experimental modal analysis (EMA) is carried out,
+ assuming the structure to behave linearly. The analysis in terms of
+ modal curvatures indicates a gradual reduction of the bending stiffness
+ along the beam. Strong amplitude dependence of the linear dynamic
+ behavior is observed as damage increases. After each loading step,
+ measurement of resonant frequencies and damping ratios as function of
+ vibration amplitude are performed, both using a frequency domain
+ technique and a time domain technique. The nonlinearity is quantified as
+ function of the damage. We compare the results of the linear and
+ nonlinear techniques, and value them against visual damage and local
+ bending stiffness. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Van den Abeele, K (Reprint Author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Bldg Phys, Celestijnenlaan 131, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
+ Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Bldg Phys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
+ Free Univ Brussels, MEMC, Dept Mech Mat \& Construct, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00329-X}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{crack detection; microcracking; durability; fatigue; physical properties}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAVE-PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{107}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{378GC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000165575800015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000087614100013,
+Author = {Vestroni, F and Capecchi, D},
+Title = {{Damage detection in beam structures based on frequency measurements}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{126}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{761-768}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Damage detection in vibrating beams, or beam systems, is dealt with in
+ this paper. Damage is represented by a more or less concentrated
+ decrease in stiffness. A linear behavior is assumed before and after the
+ damage. A peculiar aspect of damage detection, at times neglected, is
+ that damage is frequently concentrated in a few zones, albeit unknown,
+ so that only the modification in the characteristics of a few sections
+ or elements needs to be determined. Attention is focused on the basic
+ aspects of the problem, by discussing the amount of frequencies
+ necessary to locate and quantify the damage uniquely. Two different
+ procedures of damage identification are used, which mainly take
+ advantage of the peculiar characteristics of the problem. Cases with
+ pseudoexperimental and experimental frequencies are solved. A
+ generalization of the procedure based on finite-element models, which
+ makes possible the tackling complex structural cases, is illustrated and
+ discussed with some examples.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vestroni, F (Reprint Author), Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Strutt \& Geotecn, Rome, Italy.
+ Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Strutt \& Geotecn, Rome, Italy.
+ Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Construz, Naples, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:7(761)}},
+ISSN = {{0733-9399}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL FREQUENCIES; CANTILEVER BEAM; CRACK LOCATION; IDENTIFICATION;
+ MODES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vestroni, Fabrizio/C-9288-2009
+ Capecchi, Danilo/B-2209-2010
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Capecchi, Danilo/0000-0002-6620-3543}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{104}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{324GU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000087614100013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000089304800003,
+Author = {Anderson, T and Madenci, E},
+Title = {{Experimental investigation of low-velocity impact characteristics of
+ sandwich composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{50}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{239-247}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{This study presents the results of an experimental investigation
+ concerning the low-velocity impact response of sandwich composites.
+ Impact tests were conducted to characterize the type and extent of the
+ damage observed in a variety of sandwich configurations with
+ graphite/epoxy face sheets and foam or honeycomb cores. Correlation of
+ the residual indentation and cross-sectional views of the impacted
+ specimens provide a criterion for the extent of the damage. In the
+ foam-core samples, significant damage was found to be present for
+ residual indentations over 0.13 mm. Although the high-density foam-core
+ and thicker face sheet increased the amount of energy required to
+ generate damage, the damage was still similar for similar levels of
+ residual indentation. For the honeycomb samples, 0.25 nun of residual
+ indentation indicated significant levels of internal damage. However,
+ the surfaces of both the honeycomb and foam samples revealed very little
+ damage at these levels of impact energy. As the impact energy was
+ increased, the samples experienced one of two types of damage: a tear or
+ crack from the center of the laminate to the edge, or significant damage
+ consisting of a dent localized in the region of impact. (C) 2000
+ Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Madenci, E (Reprint Author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp \& Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt,POB 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
+ Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp \& Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00098-2}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{sandwich; composite; experimental; low velocity; impact}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{10}},
+Times-Cited = {{98}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{353ZF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000089304800003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000090046900005,
+Author = {Sauger, E and Fouvry, S and Ponsonnet, L and Kapsa, P and Martin, JM and
+ Vincent, L},
+Title = {{Tribologically transformed structure in fretting}},
+Journal = {{WEAR}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{245}},
+Number = {{1-2, SI}},
+Pages = {{39-52}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Note = {{International Symposium on Genesis and Role of Transfer Layer
+ Mechanically Mixed Layer in Wear of Materials, HYDERABAD, INDIA, DEC
+ 14-16, 1998}},
+Abstract = {{Both fretting wear and fretting fatigue suffer from particle detachment
+ and cracking induced damage. Wear induced by fretting is related to a
+ three-stage phenomenon: (1) accommodation of the displacement in the
+ upper layers of the two counterbodies; (2) detachment of particles from
+ material with a modified or transformed structure; and (3) third-body
+ behaviour, i.e. accommodation of the velocity in the powder bed.
+ The specific transformed structure from which debris is made is called
+ the tribologically transformed structure or TTS. TTS has been shown to
+ form in the first accommodation stage within a very few initial fretting
+ cycles. Understanding of its formation and degradation are required to
+ control and predict wear generated by fretting. Extensive studies
+ focussed on the nature of TTSs depending on several metallic contacts
+ (steels, aluminium alloys, alpha-, beta-, or alpha + beta -titanium
+ alloys,...) and different testing conditions (load, sliding amplitude,
+ number of cycles, environment). Powerful analytical tools were utilized
+ to determine the TTS composition and structure. TTS appeared as a
+ nanocrystalline structure, corresponding to the chemical composition of
+ the initial material and made of the more stable structure in accordance
+ with the equilibrium diagram. No specific effects of oxygen or hydrogen
+ was detected. In the present article, experimental results will be
+ discussed to point out possible mechanisms of the formation of the TTS.
+ An analogy with butterflies which form under rolling fatigue will be
+ outlined. At last, an energy approach to explain formation will be
+ presented for the case of low-alloy steel. It is demonstrated that TTS
+ formation is related to a critical cumulative plastic deformation
+ associated with a specific threshold dissipated energy. (C) 2000
+ Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fouvry, S (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Lyon, UMR 5513, F-69130 Ecully, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lyon, UMR 5513, F-69130 Ecully, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lyon, UMR 5621, F-69130 Ecully, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00464-6}},
+ISSN = {{0043-1648}},
+Keywords = {{tribologically transformed structure (TTS); debris; titanium alloys;
+ fretting wear; wear energy approach}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IMAGING-SPECTRUM; WEAR; STEEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{98}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Wear}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{367DR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000090046900005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000085772700033,
+Author = {Lei, XL and Kusunose, K and Rao, MVMS and Nishizawa, O and Satoh, T},
+Title = {{Quasi-static fault growth and cracking in homogeneous brittle rock under
+ triaxial compression using acoustic emission monitoring}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{105}},
+Number = {{B3}},
+Pages = {{6127-6139}},
+Month = {{MAR 10}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes the localization of deformation acceleration in the
+ period prior to dynamic failure in hornblende schist rock under triaxial
+ compression using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Rather than
+ stabilize the failure process by controlling axial stress to maintain a
+ constant rate of AE (for monitoring AE hypocenters) as in previous works
+ {[}e.g., Lockner et al., 1991], we have instead developed a rapid
+ multichannel data collection system. This enables us to elucidate the
+ dynamics of fault nucleation under condition of constant stress (creep)
+ loading, which is a better approximation to low strain rate condition in
+ the Earth and allows both quasi-static and dynamic crack growth to
+ occur. The waveforms of more than 8000 AE events which occurred mainly
+ during a 15 s period were recorded on 32 channels, with a sampling rate
+ of 50 ns and mask time of 200 mu s. Hypocentral locations of AE sources
+ revealed that the fault initiated at one end of the core and then
+ propagated into the unfaulted rock with a process zone (fault front) of
+ intense cracking. We found that there were two different processes
+ operating during the quasi-static nucleation of a shear fault, namely a
+ process zone in front of the fault tip and a ``wake{''} of damage zone
+ following the process zone. The process zone had the following features:
+ (1) major tensile cracking, (2) low b value and fewer larger events, and
+ (3) strong self-excitation. The mechanism of crack interaction and fault
+ growth was, therefore, a mutual enhancement` on dilatation due to
+ tensile cracking, On the other hand, the damage zone was characterized
+ by (1) major shear cracking, (2) low b value and more larger events, and
+ (3) weak self-excitation, indicating that in the damage zone, following
+ the development of a shear fault, linkage between cracks became the
+ major mechanism of crack interaction and fault development. The mutual
+ changes of b value and self-exciting strength observed in our
+ experiments seem to occur as a result of the hierarchy of fault growth,
+ which was not observed under slowed down loading conditions. Therefore
+ our experimental results, under a realistic approximation of the dynamic
+ condition of the Earth, are meaningful for the problems of earthquakes
+ as well as rock bursts.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION}},
+Address = {{2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Geol Survey Japan, Earthquake Res Dept, 1-1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
+ Geol Survey Japan, Earthquake Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
+ Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
+ Geol Survey Japan, Geophys Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
+ China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
+ China Seismol Bur, Lab Tectonophys, Beijing, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1029/1999JB900385}},
+ISSN = {{2169-9313}},
+EISSN = {{2169-9356}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SHEAR-FRACTURE; NUCLEATION; EARTHQUAKE; MECHANICS; RUPTURE; FAILURE;
+ GRANITE; ZONE; CALIFORNIA; PARAMETERS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{lei@gsj.go.jp
+ kin@gsj.go.jp
+ postmast@csngri.ren.nie.in
+ g0192@gsj.go.jp
+ saatoh@gsj.go.jp}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lei, Xinglin/K-7177-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lei, Xinglin/0000-0003-2088-6323}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{96}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{50}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{292AV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000085772700033}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000087547700002,
+Author = {Ruiz, G and Ortiz, M and Pandolfi, A},
+Title = {{Three-dimensional finite-element simulation of the dynamic Brazilian
+ tests on concrete cylinders}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{963-994}},
+Month = {{JUL 10}},
+Abstract = {{We investigate the feasibility of using cohesive theories of fracture,
+ in conjunction with the direct simulation of fracture and fragmentation,
+ in order to describe processes of tensile damage and compressive
+ crushing in concrete specimens subjected to dynamic loading. We account
+ explicitly for microcracking, the development of macroscopic cracks and
+ inertia, and the effective dynamic behaviour of the material is
+ predicted as an outcome of the calculations. The cohesive properties of
+ the material are assumed to be rate-independent and are therefore
+ determined by static properties such as the static tensile strength. The
+ ability of model to predict the dynamic behaviour of concrete may be
+ traced to the fact that cohesive theories endow the material with an
+ intrinsic time scale. The particular configuration contemplated in this
+ study is the Brazilian cylinder test performed in a Hopkinson bar. Our
+ simulations capture closely the experimentally observed rate sensitivity
+ of the dynamic strength of concrete in the form of a nearly linear
+ increase in dynamic strength with strain rate. More generally, our
+ simulations give accurate transmitted loads over a range of strain
+ rates, which attests to the fidelity of the model where rate effects are
+ concerned. The model also predicts key features of the fracture pattern
+ such as the primary lens-shaped cracks parallel to the load plane, as
+ well as the secondary profuse cracking near the supports. The primary
+ cracks are predicted to be nucleated at the centre of the circular bases
+ of the cylinder and to subsequently propagate towards the interior, in
+ accordance with experimental observations. The primary and secondary
+ cracks are responsible for two peaks in the load history, also in
+ keeping with experiment. The results of the simulations also exhibit a
+ size effect. These results validate the theory as it bears on mixed-mode
+ fracture and fragmentation processes in concrete over a range of strain
+ rates. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
+Address = {{BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ortiz, M (Reprint Author), CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Firestone Flight Sci Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
+ CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Firestone Flight Sci Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
+ Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Ciencia Mat, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
+ Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, I-20133 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(20000710)48:7<963::AID-NME908>3.3.CO;2-O}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5981}},
+Keywords = {{concrete; fracture; cohesive elements; dynamic strength; mixed mode
+ fracture; size effect; strain rate effect}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SPLITTING-TENSILE TESTS; FRACTURE PROCESS ZONE; MIXED-MODE FRACTURE;
+ 3-POINT BEND TESTS; CRACK-GROWTH; STRAIN-RATE; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS;
+ COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; VOID NUCLEATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ruiz, Gonzalo/I-5737-2012
+ Pandolfi, Anna/E-1481-2013
+ Ruiz, Gonzalo/L-5945-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Pandolfi, Anna/0000-0002-7084-7456
+ Ruiz, Gonzalo/0000-0002-0352-0701}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{81}},
+Times-Cited = {{91}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{323CR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000087547700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000088336900008,
+Author = {Rizzi, E and Papa, E and Corigliano, A},
+Title = {{Mechanical behavior of a syntactic foam: experiments and modeling}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{40}},
+Pages = {{5773-5794}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper reports the results of a research activity concerning the
+ mechanical behavior of a syntactic foam employed as core material for
+ sandwich composite panels. Following a purely phenomenological approach,
+ experimental and numerical results are presented and compared at the
+ macroscopic scale. The main features observed in the uniaxial, biaxial
+ and Three Point Bending (TPB) tests are highlighted. A bimodulus
+ constitutive model of the Drucker-Prager type is chosen for modeling
+ biaxial stress states with diffused damage. An alternative discrete
+ crack approach is devised for the computer simulation of the (TPB) three
+ point bending tests: the best matching is achieved for a rectangular
+ Dugdale-type cohesive law. Though not proposing novel experimental or
+ numerical methodologies, the present engineering approach should
+ interest readers generally involved in computational composite mechanics
+ and, specifically, in modeling particulate composites of the type
+ considered here. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Corigliano, A (Reprint Author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Politecn Bari, Fac Ingn Taranto, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale, I-70125 Bari, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00264-4}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{composites; syntactic foams; experiments; uniaxial tension/compression;
+ biaxial compression; three point bending; constitutive models; cohesive
+ laws; finite element simulations}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITES; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{RIZZI, Egidio/C-2263-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{RIZZI, Egidio/0000-0002-6734-1382}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{85}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{337BF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000088336900008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000088125400006,
+Author = {Cerri, MN and Vestroni, F},
+Title = {{Detection of damage in beams subjected to diffused cracking}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{234}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{259-276}},
+Month = {{JUL 6}},
+Abstract = {{This paper addresses the problem of identifying structural damage
+ affecting one zone of a beam using measured frequencies. The beam model
+ has a zone in which the stiffness is lower than the undamaged value.
+ Damage is defined by three parameters: position, extension and degree,
+ which need to be identified in the inverse problem. The solution of the
+ direct problem is first obtained and the peculiarities of damage
+ detection are examined. Two different procedures for damage
+ identification are proposed, which use frequency measurements and take
+ advantage of the peculiarities of the problem: the first procedure is
+ based on the characteristic equation error and the second on the
+ comparison between analytical and experimental frequency values. The
+ identifiability and ill-conditioning properties are discussed by
+ referring to cases with pseudo-experimental data. (C) 2000 Academic
+ Press.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cerri, MN (Reprint Author), Univ Ancona, Ist Sci \& Tecn Costruz, I-60128 Ancona, Italy.
+ Univ Ancona, Ist Sci \& Tecn Costruz, I-60128 Ancona, Italy.
+ Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale \& Geotecn, Rome, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1006/jsvi.1999.2887}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL FREQUENCIES; STRUCTURAL DAMAGE; CANTILEVER BEAM; IDENTIFICATION;
+ LOCATION; EIGENPARAMETERS; MODES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vestroni, Fabrizio/C-9288-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{79}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{333HT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000088125400006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000086418100008,
+Author = {Gouveia, BPPA and Rodrigues, JMC and Martins, PAF},
+Title = {{Ductile fracture in metalworking: experimental and theoretical research}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{101}},
+Number = {{1-3}},
+Pages = {{52-63}},
+Month = {{APR 14}},
+Abstract = {{An important concern in metalworking is whether the desired deformation
+ can be accomplished without Failure of the material. This paper
+ describes the utilisation of ductile fracture criteria in conjunction
+ with the finite element method for predicting surface and internal
+ failures in cold metalworking processes. Four previously published
+ ductile fracture criteria are selected, and their relative accuracy for
+ predicting and quantifying fracture initiation sites is investigated.
+ Ring, cylindrical, tapered and flanged upset test samples are utilised
+ for providing the experimental values of the critical damage at fracture
+ under several different loading conditions.
+ Two of the ductile fracture criteria are then utilised to predict the
+ initiation site and the level of deformation at which surface or
+ internal cracking will occur during finite element simulation of three
+ types of metalworking processes, namely, radial extrusion, open-die
+ forging and blanking. The analysis is made in conjunction with metal
+ experiments, good agreement being found to occur. (C) 2000 Elsevier
+ Science S.A. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Martins, PAF (Reprint Author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Engn Mecan, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal.
+ Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Engn Mecan, Inst Super Tecn, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0924-0136(99)00449-5}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{metal working; ductile fracture; finite element method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PREDICTION; FEM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Martins, Paulo/D-9914-2012
+ Gouveia, Barbara/E-7654-2012
+ Rodrigues, Jorge/I-7810-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Martins, Paulo/0000-0002-2630-4593
+ Gouveia, Barbara/0000-0001-9930-8889
+ Rodrigues, Jorge/0000-0002-3387-2652}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{74}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{303JE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000086418100008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000086337200002,
+Author = {Gall, K and Horstemeyer, M and McDowell, DL and Fan, JH},
+Title = {{Finite element analysis of the stress distributions near damaged Si
+ particle clusters in cast Al-Si alloys}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{277-301}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{The finite element method is used to study the effects of particle
+ cluster morphology on the fracture and debonding of silicon particles
+ embedded in an Al-1\%Si matrix subjected to tensile-compressive cyclic
+ loading conditions. Representative of an actual cast A-Si alloy,
+ clusters of silicon inclusions (4-8 particles) are considered rather
+ than a single isolated inclusion or an infinite periodic array of
+ inclusions. The silicon particles are modeled with a linear-elastic
+ constitutive relationship and the matrix material is modeled using an
+ internal state variable cyclic plasticity model fitted to experimental
+ data on matrix material. A total of seven parameters are varied to
+ create 16 idealized microstructures: relative particle size, shape,
+ spacing, configuration, alignment, grouping and matrix microporosity. A
+ two-level design of experiment (DOE) methodology is used to screen the
+ relative importance of the seven parameters on the fracture and
+ debonding of the silicon particles. The results of the study demonstrate
+ that particle shape and alignment are undoubtedly the most dominant
+ parameters influencing initial particle fracture and debonding. Particle
+ debonding results in a local intensification of stresses in the Al-1\%Si
+ matrix that is significantly larger than that due to particle fracture.
+ The local stress fields after particle fracture are primarily
+ concentrated within the broken particle halves. After the fracture of
+ several particles within a cluster, the spacing between adjacent
+ particles enters as a second-order effect. When several particles within
+ a cluster debond, the spacing between adjacent particles enters as a
+ dominant effect due to the large local stress intensification in the
+ surrounding Al-1\%Si matrix. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gall, K (Reprint Author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solid \& Mat Mech Dept, Ctr Mat Sci \& Engn, 7011 East Ave,MS 9405, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
+ Sandia Natl Labs, Solid \& Mat Mech Dept, Ctr Mat Sci \& Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
+ Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0167-6636(00)00003-X}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE-CRACK-GROWTH; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; SILICON
+ PARTICLES; TOUGHNESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{70}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{301YB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000086337200002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000085906000002,
+Author = {Gonzalez, C and LLorca, J},
+Title = {{A self-consistent approach to the elasto-plastic behaviour of two-phase
+ materials including damage}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{675-692}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{A model is developed to compute the mechanical behaviour of two-phase
+ materials including the effects of damage or changes in the volume
+ fraction of each phase. The material is represented by an
+ interpenetrating network of randomly distributed spheres, which are
+ assumed to behave as isotropic elasto-plastic solids. The incremental
+ self-consistent method is used to compute the effective response of the
+ material as well as the elastic stress redistribution due to damage or
+ phase change, As an example, the model predictions are compared with
+ experimental results - previously reported - for a particle-reinforced
+ metal-matrix composite, which presented damage by reinforcement fracture
+ during deformation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{LLorca, J (Reprint Author), Univ Politecn Madrid, ETS Ingn Caminos, Dept Mat Sci, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
+ Univ Politecn Madrid, ETS Ingn Caminos, Dept Mat Sci, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0022-5096(99)00057-5}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{self-consistent method; plasticity; damage; effective properties;
+ particle-reinforced composites}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; PARTICLE CRACKING;
+ FRACTURE; FLOW; DEFORMATION; DUCTILITY; REINFORCEMENT; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{jllorca@mater.upm.es}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{LLorca, Javier/C-1140-2013
+ Gonzalez, Carlos/M-9897-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{LLorca, Javier/0000-0002-3122-7879
+ Gonzalez, Carlos/0000-0002-0724-138X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{294HN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000085906000002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000165351500010,
+Author = {Wisnom, MR and Chang, FK},
+Title = {{Modelling of splitting and delamination in notched cross-ply laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{60}},
+Number = {{15}},
+Pages = {{2849-2856}},
+Abstract = {{A finite-element approach has been developed for modelling the detailed
+ damage development in notched composites. Separate elements are used for
+ each ply, connected together with interface elements to allow
+ delamination between the plies. Interface elements are also used to
+ model splitting at the notch. The approach is applied to a cross-ply
+ laminate with a centre crack loaded in tension, and the results compared
+ with experimental measurements. The model accurately predicts the
+ development of a narrow triangular delamination zone, and the extent of
+ splitting as a function of applied tensile stress. The approach offers
+ scope for improved simulation and understanding of the complex failure
+ processes in notched composites. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wisnom, MR (Reprint Author), Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Univ Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{modelling; damage mechanics; delamination; finite-element analysis;
+ notch}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE DAMAGE MECHANICS; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; FRACTURE-MECHANICS;
+ INTERFACE ELEMENTS; STRENGTH; PREDICTION; GROWTH; HOLE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wisnom, Michael/A-4413-2008}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{61}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{374NP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000165351500010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000089304100005,
+Author = {Zhao, FM and Takeda, N},
+Title = {{Effect of interfacial adhesion and statistical fiber strength on tensile
+ strength of unidirectional glass fiber/epoxy composites. Part I:
+ experiment results}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{1203-1214}},
+Abstract = {{The effects of fiber surface treatment on ultimate tensile strength
+ (UTS) of unidirectional (UD) epoxy resin matrix composites are examined
+ experimentally. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and statistical
+ fiber strength are significantly altered by five different kinds of
+ surface treatments, which are: (a) unsized and untreated; (b)
+ gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-GPS); (c)
+ gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-MPS); (d) mixture of
+ gamma-aminoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-APS), film former (urethane)
+ and lubricant (paraffin); and (e) urethane-sized. The maximum UTS is
+ obtained for the relatively strong interfacial adhesion
+ (glass/gamma-MPS/epoxy) but not for the strongest interfacial adhesion
+ (glass/gamma-GPS/epoxy). The governing micro-damage mode around a broken
+ fiber and the interface region is matrix cracking for gamma-GPS treated
+ fibers, and a combination of interfacial debonding and matrix cracking
+ for gamma-MPS treated fibers. The microdamage mode related to the
+ interfacial adhesion strongly affects the fracture process, and thus the
+ UTS of UD composites. The results also indicate that the interfacial
+ adhesion can be optimized for effective utilization of fiber strength
+ for fiber composites. A parameter called ``efficiency ratio{''} of fiber
+ strength in UD composites is proposed to examine and distinguish
+ different effects of IFSS and fiber strength on the UTS of UD
+ composites. The experimental results show that improved UTS of UD
+ composites due to surface treatments mainly result from the increase in
+ fiber strength but not from the modified interface. (C) 2000 Elsevier
+ Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhao, FM (Reprint Author), Univ Tokyo, Komaba Open Lab, Struct Hlth Monitoring Grp, Meguro Ku, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538904, Japan.
+ Univ Tokyo, Komaba Open Lab, Struct Hlth Monitoring Grp, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan.
+ Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00085-3}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{unidirectional glass fiber/epoxy composites; strength;
+ interface/interphase}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SHEAR-STRENGTH; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; FRAGMENTATION TEST; STRESS
+ TRANSFER; MATRIX; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{353YY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000089304100005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000086469000005,
+Author = {Popovics, JS and Song, WJ and Ghandehari, M and Subramaniam, KV and
+ Achenbach, JD and Shah, SP},
+Title = {{Application of surface wave transmission measurements for crack depth
+ determination in concrete}},
+Journal = {{ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{97}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{127-135}},
+Month = {{MAR-APR}},
+Abstract = {{It has been established in previouspapers that stress wave attenuation
+ measurements performed on concrete are very sensitiveto thepresence of
+ damage located along the wave path. In this paper, a modified form of
+ this concept is introduced in a self-compensating measurement scheme:
+ surface wave transmission is obtained across a range of frequencies,
+ between two sensing points on the surface of a concrete specimen. The
+ obtained signal transmission values are independent of the type of wave
+ transmitter and receiver used. An experimental test series on a range of
+ concrete slabs containing notches and controlled cracks of varying
+ depths is described. The cracks are generated by subjecting the slabs to
+ flexure using a closed-loop loading-procedure. The actual depth of each
+ generated crack is determined with the laser-based phase measurement
+ interferometry technique. Self-compensating wave transmission
+ measurements are performed across the discontinuities (notches, open
+ cracks, and closed cracks) and are shown to be repeatable and sensitive
+ to the presence of notches, and even tightly-closed cracks. A
+ relationship between the wave transmission and the crack depth
+ normalized with respect to propagating wavelength is noted. This
+ relationship appears to be largely unaffected by the type of concrete
+ and the nature of the discontinuity. The results demonstrate that
+ self-compensating wave transmission measurements show excellent
+ potential for sensitive detection and sizing of surface-breaking cracks
+ in concrete structures.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER CONCRETE INST}},
+Address = {{38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Popovics, JS (Reprint Author), Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
+ Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, NSF Ctr Adv Cement Based Mat, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Ctr Qual Engn \& Failure Prevent, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA.}},
+ISSN = {{0889-325X}},
+EISSN = {{1944-737X}},
+Keywords = {{concretes; cracking (fracturing); nondestructive tests}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RAYLEIGH-WAVES; OPENING CRACKS; STRESS WAVES; ATTENUATION; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Achenbach, Jan/B-6746-2009
+ Shah, Surendra/B-7102-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{53}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{ACI Mater. J.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{304EC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000086469000005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000086007500010,
+Author = {Geers, MGD and de Borst, R and Peerlings, RHJ},
+Title = {{Damage and crack modeling in single-edge and double-edge notched
+ concrete beams}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{65}},
+Number = {{2-3}},
+Pages = {{247-261}},
+Month = {{JAN-FEB}},
+Note = {{3rd International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and
+ Concrete Structures, GIFU, JAPAN, OCT 12-16, 1998}},
+Abstract = {{The numerical modeling of damage and crack propagation in concrete and
+ concrete structures has evolved considerably in the past years. In this
+ contribution, a higher order continuum model is used to model the
+ failure behavior of single-edge notched (SEN) and double-edge notched
+ (DEN) concrete beams loaded in four-point-shear, Different types of
+ boundary conditions, i.e. with freely rotating, fixed or constrained
+ loading supports, are investigated and the experimentally observed
+ curved crack paths are compared with the numerical simulations. The
+ influence of the ratio of the compressive strength and the tensile
+ strength is scrutinized and its relation with the failure mechanism is
+ investigated. It is shown that an isotropic gradient-enhanced damage
+ model permits to obtain a good agreement between experimental results
+ and numerical simulations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Geers, MGD (Reprint Author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
+ Eindhoven Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
+ Royal Mil Acad, Fac Civil Engn, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
+ Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, NL-2600 GB Delft, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0013-7944(99)00118-6}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{damage mechanics; failure assessment; crack growth; mixed mode fracture;
+ higher order continuum}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{GRADIENT-ENHANCED DAMAGE; QUASI-BRITTLE; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Peerlings, Ron/B-4188-2011
+ Geers, Marc/E-4385-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Geers, Marc/0000-0002-0009-6351}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{296DJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000086007500010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000165722500004,
+Author = {Odegard, G and Kumosa, M},
+Title = {{Determination of shear strength of unidirectional composite materials
+ with the Iosipescu and 10 degrees off-axis shear tests}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{60}},
+Number = {{16}},
+Pages = {{2917-2943}},
+Abstract = {{The purpose of this research was to determine the shear strength of a
+ unidirectional carbon-fibre/epoxy composite by means of the 10 degrees
+ off-axis and 0 degrees Iosipescu specimens subjected to shear. Detailed
+ non-linear finite-element computations of these two tests were
+ conducted, taking into account the actual non-linear material behavior
+ of the composite. The tests were compared in terms of stresses and
+ strains at failure. It was found that the shear strength of the
+ composite can be very accurately determined by using the two independent
+ testing techniques only if fully non-linear finite element computations
+ of the tests are performed. The stresses and strains at failure in the
+ 10 degrees off-axis specimen closely match. the, stresses and strains at
+ the onset of intralaminar damage near the roots of the notches in
+ Iosipescu specimens. Owing to the difficulties associated with the
+ measurement of the shear strength of the composite using the Iosipescu
+ test, and in particular, with the interpretation of the experimental
+ data, this test was found to be almost impractical for the determination
+ of shear strength. The test can only be used if fully non-linear finite
+ element computations of uncracked and axially cracked Iosipescu
+ specimens are conducted in conjunction with the continuous monitoring of
+ intralaminar damage near the roots of the notches during testing. In
+ addition, the shear strength results obtained from the Iosipescu
+ specimen should be independently verified by using another method, such
+ as the 10 degrees off-axis test. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kumosa, M (Reprint Author), Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Ctr Adv Mat \& Struct, 2390 S York, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
+ Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Ctr Adv Mat \& Struct, Denver, CO 80208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00141-X}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{shear strength; Iosipescu test; 10 degrees off axis test}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; EPOXY COMPOSITE; FLOW RULE; SPECIMEN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{50}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{380UU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000165722500004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000086382500004,
+Author = {Ireman, T and Ranvik, T and Eriksson, I},
+Title = {{On damage development in mechanically fastened composite laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{151-171}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{A comprehensive experimental program was conducted to measure and
+ characterize the development of damage in the vicinity of fastener holes
+ in graphite/epoxy composite laminates. This was carried out to generate
+ data which can be used for development of appropriate failure criteria.
+ Test specimens were loaded in quasi-static cycles with successively
+ increasing loads, and damage development in the vicinity of the bolt
+ holes was detected using different methods such as strain measurements,
+ acoustic emission, X-ray and microscopic examination. Several failure
+ modes were detected in a series of events starting at load levels far
+ below the level at which the first visible evidence of damage appeared
+ on the load-displacement curve. Failure modes included matrix cracking,
+ fibre fracture, delamination and kinking. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ireman, T (Reprint Author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
+ Royal Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
+ Saab AB, SE-58188 Linkoping, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0263-8223(99)00130-0}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{composite; boltedjoints; failure characterisation; experimental
+ investigation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{10}},
+Times-Cited = {{49}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{302TV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000086382500004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ ISI:000085690900010,
+Author = {Fouvry, S and Kapsa, P and Vincent, L},
+Editor = {{Hoeppner, DW and Chandrasekaran, V and Elliott, CB}},
+Title = {{A multiaxial fatigue analysis of fretting contact taking into account
+ the size effect}},
+Booktitle = {{FRETTING FATIGUE: CURRENT TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICES}},
+Series = {{AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{1367}},
+Pages = {{167-182}},
+Note = {{Symposium on Fretting Fatigue - Current Technology and Practices, UNIV
+ UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UT, AUG 31, 1998}},
+Organization = {{Univ Utah; United Technologies Res Ctr; MTS Syst Corp; FASIDE Int Inc;
+ Comm E8 Fatigue \& Fracture}},
+Abstract = {{Fretting damage that consists of cracking or wear generated by debris
+ formation is induced by very small alternated displacements between
+ contacting surfaces. This paper focuses on the quantification of the
+ fretting crack nucleation. Fretting experimental results obtained with a
+ well defined quenched aeronautical steel are analyzed by means of a
+ multiaxial fatigue approach. The plane/sphere configuration was studied
+ under partial slip situations. Validated for classical fatigue
+ conditions, the Dang Van's fatigue prediction is compared to fretting
+ cracking mechanisms. The correlation is achieved according to some
+ conditions :
+ - The friction coefficient operating in the annular partial slip contact
+ has to be identified.
+ It permits more accurate estimation of the stress loading path.
+ - The loading states which are computed to determine the crack
+ nucleation risk must be averaged on an elementary volume representative
+ of the microstructure of the steel. It allows a convenient size effect
+ consideration regarding the very small material volume stressed below
+ the contact.}},
+Publisher = {{AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS}},
+Address = {{100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA}},
+Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fouvry, S (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Lyon, UMR 5513, CNRS, BP 163, F-69131 Ecully, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lyon, UMR 5513, CNRS, F-69131 Ecully, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1520/STP14728S}},
+ISSN = {{1040-1695}},
+ISBN = {{0-8031-2851-7}},
+Keywords = {{fretting; crack nucleation; high-cycle fatigue; size effect; fretting
+ map}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BP61X}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000085690900010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000085392700002,
+Author = {Bazant, ZP and Zi, G and Meyer, C},
+Title = {{Fracture mechanics of ASR in concretes with waste glass particles of
+ different sizes}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{126}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{226-232}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Using waste glass as an aggregate in concrete can cause severe damage
+ because of the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) between the alkali in the
+ cement paste and the silica in the glass. Recent accelerated 2-week
+ tests, conducted according to ASTM C 1260, revealed that the damage to
+ concrete caused by expansion of the ASR gel, which is manifested by
+ strength reduction, depends in these tests strongly on the size of the
+ glass particles. As the particle size decreases, the tensile strength
+ first also decreases, which is expected because of the surface-to-volume
+ ratio of the particles, and thus their chemical reactivity increases.
+ However, there exists a certain worst (pessimum) size below which any
+ further decrease of particle size improves the strength, and the damage
+ becomes virtually nonexistent if the particles are small enough. The
+ volume dilatation due to ASR is maximum for the pessimum particle size
+ and decreases with a further decrease of size. These experimental
+ findings seem contrary to intuition. This paper proposes a
+ micromechanical fracture theory that explains the reversal of particle
+ size effect in the accelerated 2-week test by two opposing mechanisms:
+ (1) The extent of chemical reaction as a function of surface area, which
+ causes the strength to decrease with a decreasing particle size; and (2)
+ the size effect of the cracks produced by expansion of the ASR gel,
+ which causes the opposite. The pessimum size, which is about 1.5 mm,
+ corresponds to the case where the effects of both mechanisms are
+ balanced. For smaller sizes the second mechanism prevails, and for sizes
+ <0.15 mm no adverse effects are detectable. Extrapolation of the
+ accelerated test (ASTM C 1260) to real structures and full lifetimes
+ will require coupling the present model with the modeling of the
+ reaction kinetics and diffusion processes involved.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bazant, ZP (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.}},
+ISSN = {{0733-9399}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009
+ Zi, Goangseup/A-6157-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zi, Goangseup/0000-0001-6384-5375}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{285MK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000085392700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000165814800010,
+Author = {McKenzie, I and Jones, R and Marshall, IH and Galea, S},
+Title = {{Optical fibre sensors for health monitoring of bonded repair systems}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{50}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{405-416}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Note = {{Composite Specialist Workshop, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, NOV 18, 1999}},
+Organization = {{Asian Off Aerosp Res \& Dev; USAF, Off Sci Res}},
+Abstract = {{In the aircraft industry the use of externally bonded composite repairs
+ has become an accepted way of repairing fatigue, or corrosion, damaged
+ metallic structural components. However, current NDI and damage
+ assessment techniques for composite repairs are passive and generally
+ performed on ground. The challenge is to develop new techniques
+ utilising recent analytical and experimental tools. This report examines
+ the use of optical fibre sensors. Optical fibres offer a means of
+ monitoring the load transfer process in these repairs, and can therefore
+ be used to provide an indication of the integrity of the repair. This
+ paper describes the use of an array of fibre Bragg grating strain
+ sensors (FBGs) for the: in situ monitoring of bonded repairs to aircraft
+ structures and, in particular, the monitoring of crack propagation
+ beneath a repair. In this work the FBGs have been multiplexed using a
+ combination of wavelength and spatial techniques employing a tunable
+ Fabry-Perot (FP) filter to track individual gratings. The multiplexed
+ FBGs were then surface-mounted on a boron-epoxy unidirectional composite
+ patch bonded to an aluminium component. The sensors were located so as
+ to monitor the changing stress field associated with the propagation of
+ a crack beneath the patch. The ability of relating experimental results
+ to sensor readings is then confirmed using both a thermo-elastic scan of
+ the patch and 3D finite element analysis. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier
+ Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{McKenzie, I (Reprint Author), Monash Univ, Dept Mech Engn, DSTO Ctr Excellence Struct Mech, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
+ Monash Univ, Dept Mech Engn, DSTO Ctr Excellence Struct Mech, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
+ DSTO, Airframes \& Engines Div, Fishermens Bend, Vic 3001, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00107-0}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Bragg gratings; fibre optics; repairs}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MULTIPLEXING SCHEME; GRATING SENSORS; STRAIN-SENSOR; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{jones, rhys/0000-0003-3197-2796}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{382GN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000165814800010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000088769600001,
+Author = {Zaitsev, V and Sas, P},
+Title = {{Nonlinear response of a weakly damaged metal sample: A dissipative
+ modulation mechanism of vibro-acoustic interaction}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{6}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{803-822}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The nonlinear vibro-acoustic response of solid samples containing quite
+ a small amount of defects can be anomalously high in magnitude compared
+ to the case of undamaged intact solids. Functional dependencies of the
+ nonlinear effects exhibit rather interesting behavior. In this paper,
+ experimental results on nonlinearity-induced cross-modulation of a
+ high-frequency (HF) f = 15 - 30 kHz signal by a low-frequency (LF) F =
+ 20 - 60 Hz vibration in an aluminum plate with a small single crack are
+ reported. Comparison with a reference sample (the identical plate
+ without a crack) has proven that the presence of such a small defect can
+ be easily detected due to its nonlinear manifestations. It is
+ demonstrated that under proper choice of the sounding signal parameters,
+ the effect level can be so pronounced that the amplitude of the
+ modulation side-lobes originated due to the nonlinearity exceeds the
+ amplitude of the fundamental harmonic of the HF signal. Main functional
+ features of the observed phenomena are analyzed,and a new physical
+ explanation is suggested based on a dissipative mechanism of
+ vibro-acoustic interaction. Results of the numerical simulation of the
+ effect are also presented.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC}},
+Address = {{2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zaitsev, V (Reprint Author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Mech Engn, Celestijnenlaan 300 B, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
+ Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Mech Engn, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/107754630000600601}},
+ISSN = {{1077-5463}},
+Keywords = {{nonlinear response; nonlinear vibro-acoustics; diagnostics; cracks}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zaitsev, Vladimir/K-1259-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zaitsev, Vladimir/0000-0002-2122-2943}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Vib. Control}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{344QD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000088769600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000086949300039,
+Author = {Hambli, R and Potiron, A},
+Title = {{Finite element modeling of sheet-metal blanking operations with
+ experimental verification}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{102}},
+Number = {{1-3}},
+Pages = {{257-265}},
+Month = {{MAY 15}},
+Abstract = {{In order to accurately simulate sheet-metal cutting processes by
+ material shearing mechanisms, such as blanking and punching processes, a
+ finite element model valid for the numerical description of such
+ processes has been developed. Damage and crack propagation have been
+ taken into account by means of an elastoplastic constitutive law. To
+ study the effects of variation of processes parameters on the geometry
+ of sheared edges and the force-punch penetration evolution, we have
+ implemented the algorithm of calculation by means of users routine
+ (UMAT) of ABAQUS/Standard finite element code. Final results of the FEM
+ simulation agree with the experimental ones. (C) 2000 Published by
+ Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hambli, R (Reprint Author), ISTIA, LASQUO, 62 Ave Notre Dame Lac, F-49000 Angers, France.
+ ISTIA, LASQUO, F-49000 Angers, France.
+ ENSAM, LPMI, F-49035 Angers, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00496-9}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{Von Mises yield criterion; finite element modeling; material shearing
+ mechanisms}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{312NL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000086949300039}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000086046300005,
+Author = {Bergner, F and Zouhar, G},
+Title = {{A new approach to the correlation between the coefficient and the
+ exponent in the power law equation of fatigue crack growth}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{22}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{229-239}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The presented experimental results for 2xxx, 6xxx and 7xxx type
+ aluminium alloys show a variability of the fatigue crack growth rates in
+ the Paris regime to an extent important for the materials selection
+ according to the damage tolerant design concept in the aircraft
+ industry. This paper briefly reviews the controversial views on the
+ correlation between coefficient and exponent in the power law equation
+ of fatigue crack growth. A new approach to the correlation based on a
+ scaling factor of the stress intensity factor range is outlined. It is
+ shown that the correlation is an algebraic one that can be suppressed by
+ choosing a particular scaling factor characteristic of the set of
+ materials under investigation. The approach allows the variability of
+ the power law coefficient to be quantified more clearly and the
+ responsible influence factors to be identified. (C) 2000 Published by
+ Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bergner, F (Reprint Author), Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Sci Mat, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
+ Dresden Univ Technol, Inst Sci Mat, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00123-1}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{aluminium alloys; damage tolerance; fatigue crack; growth; statistics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bergner, Frank/D-2137-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bergner, Frank/0000-0002-4058-1044}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{296UZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000086046300005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000165214600004,
+Author = {Berthelot, JM and Le Corre, JF},
+Title = {{Statistical analysis of the progression of transverse cracking and
+ delamination in cross-ply laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{60}},
+Number = {{14}},
+Pages = {{2659-2669}},
+Abstract = {{The paper presents a statistical analysis of the transverse cracking and
+ delamination process induced in cross-ply laminates subjected to tensile
+ loading. First, the paper considers the initiation and progression of
+ transverse cracking. This progression is evaluated by an iterative
+ procedure combining a generalized model for evaluating the stress field
+ in a cracked laminate with a statistical distribution of strengths in
+ the 90 degrees layer. Comparisons between the results obtained by this
+ procedure and the experimental results of the literature show that for
+ very low crack densities the progression of transverse cracking is
+ governed by a strength distribution associated with weakness areas
+ resulting from the presence of particular defects in laminates. Next,
+ for higher crack densities the strength distribution in the 90 degrees
+ layer can be described by a pseudo-normal distribution associated with
+ the other defects. Finally, the paper considers the development of
+ delamination which is initiated from the crack tips in the case of some
+ laminates. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Berthelot, JM (Reprint Author), Univ Maine, Inst Acoust \& Mecan, Grp Composites \& Struct Mecan, F-72085 Le Mans 9, France.
+ Univ Maine, Inst Acoust \& Mecan, Grp Composites \& Struct Mecan, F-72085 Le Mans 9, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00140-8}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{cross-ply laminates; transverse cracking; delamination; damage
+ progression; statistical analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{372BW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000165214600004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000165955500011,
+Author = {Xia, Z and Curtin, WA},
+Title = {{Tough-to-brittle transitions in ceramic-matrix composites with
+ increasing interfacial shear stress}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2000}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{20}},
+Pages = {{4879-4892}},
+Month = {{DEC 4}},
+Abstract = {{The possibility of decreasing ultimate tensile strength associated with
+ increasing fiber/matrix interfacial sliding is investigated in
+ ceramic-matrix composites. An axisymmetric finite-element model is used
+ to calculate axial fiber stresses versus radial position within the
+ slipping region around an impinging matrix crack as a function of
+ applied stress and interfacial sliding stress tau. The stress fields,
+ showing an enhancement at the fiber surface, are then utilized as an
+ effective applied field acting on annular flaws at the fiber surface,
+ and a made I stress intensity is calculated as a function of applied
+ stress, interface tau and flaw size. The total probability of failure
+ due to a pre-existing spectrum of flaws in the fibers is then determined
+ and utilized within the Global Load Sharing model to predict fiber
+ damage evolution and ultimate failure. For small fiber Weibull moduli (m
+ approximate to4), the local stress enhancements are insufficient to
+ preferentially drive failure near the matrix crack. Hence, the composite
+ tensile strength is weakly affected and follows the shear-lag model
+ predictions, which show a monotonically increasing strength with
+ increasing tau. For larger Weibull moduli (m approximate to 20), the
+ composite is found to weaken beyond about tau = 50 MPa and exhibit
+ reduced fiber pullout, both leading to an apparent embrittlement and
+ showing substantial differences compared with the shear-lag model.
+ Literature experimental data on an SiC fiber/glass matrix system are
+ compared with the predictions. (C) 2000 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published
+ by Elsevier Science Ltd. Ali rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Curtin, WA (Reprint Author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
+ Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00291-3}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{composites; interface; mechanical properties; theory \& modeling;
+ computer simulation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBER COMPOSITES; FATIGUE; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{384QC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000165955500011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2001.bib b/data/WoS_export/2001.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cf1d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2001.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,1723 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000169144500002,
+Author = {Donskoy, D and Sutin, A and Ekimov, A},
+Title = {{Nonlinear acoustic interaction on contact interfaces and its use for
+ nondestructive testing}},
+Journal = {{NDT \& E INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{34}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{231-238}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Recent theoretical and experimental studies demonstrated that a weakly
+ or incompletely bonded interfaces exhibit highly nonlinear behavior. One
+ of acoustic manifestations of such nonlinearity is the modulation of a
+ probing high-frequency ultrasonic wave by low-frequency vibration. The
+ vibration varies the contact area modulating the phase and amplitude of
+ higher frequency probing wave passing through the interface. In the
+ frequency domain, the result of this modulation manifests itself as
+ side-band spectral components with respect to the frequency of the
+ probing wave. This modulation effect has been observed experimentally
+ for various materials (metals, composites, concrete, sandstone, glass)
+ with various types of contact-type defects (interfaces): cracks,
+ debondings, delaminations, and microstructural material damages. Study
+ of this phenomenon revealed correlation between the developed modulation
+ criterion and the quantitative characteristics of the interfaces, such
+ as its size, loading condition, and bonding strength. These findings
+ have been used for the development of an innovative nondestructive
+ evaluation technique, namely Vibro-Acoustic Modulation Technique. Two
+ modifications of this technique have been developed: Vibro-Modulation
+ (VM) and Impact-Modulation (IM), employing CW and impact-induced
+ vibrations, respectively. The examples of applications of these methods
+ include crack detection in steel pipes, aircraft and auto parts, bonded
+ composite plates etc. These methods also proved their effectiveness in
+ the detection of cracks in concrete. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Donskoy, D (Reprint Author), Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, 711 Hudson St, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
+ Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0963-8695(00)00063-3}},
+ISSN = {{0963-8695}},
+Keywords = {{ultrasound; vibration; defect; nonlinear interaction; modulation}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{201}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{73}},
+Journal-ISO = {{NDT E Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{439YE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000169144500002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000171269200015,
+Author = {Buffiere, JY and Savelli, S and Jouneau, PH and Maire, E and Fougeres, R},
+Title = {{Experimental study of porosity and its relation to fatigue mechanisms of
+ model Al-Si7-Mg0.3 cast Al alloys}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{316}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{115-126}},
+Month = {{OCT 15}},
+Abstract = {{The microstructure and fatigue properties of three model AS7G03 cast
+ aluminium alloys containing artificial pores have been studied.
+ Synchrotron X-ray tomography has been used to characterise in three
+ dimensions the pore population in the alloys. The development of fatigue
+ cracks in relation with local crystallography has been studied by means
+ of electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). Both the average number
+ of cycles to failure and the lifetime scatter depend on the pore content
+ specially at high stress level. The mechanism leading to the initiation
+ of a crack from a pore has been identified. The crack propagation at
+ high stress level appears to be quite insensitive to microstructural
+ barriers and can be reasonably well described by a Paris type law. At
+ low stresses, however, short cracks are often observed to be stopped at
+ grain boundaries and the fatigue life is no longer predicted by a simple
+ propagation law. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Buffiere, JY (Reprint Author), Inst Natl Sci Appl, CNRS, UMR 5510, GEMPPM, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Inst Natl Sci Appl, CNRS, UMR 5510, GEMPPM, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Ctr Alp, Pechiney CRV Parc Econ, F-38340 Voreppe, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01225-4}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+Keywords = {{electron back scattered diffraction; fatigue; porosity; X-ray
+ tomography; crack}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ALUMINUM; GROWTH; CRACKS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; DEFECTS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{eric, maire/B-4296-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{154}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{477EB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171269200015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000172433300015,
+Author = {Zavattieri, PD and Espinosa, HD},
+Title = {{Grain level analysis of crack initiation and propagation in brittle
+ materials}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{20}},
+Pages = {{4291-4311}},
+Month = {{DEC 3}},
+Abstract = {{A study on the accuracy of cohesive models for capturing dynamic
+ fragmentation of ceramic microstructures is presented. The investigation
+ consists of a combined experimental/numerical approach in which
+ microcracking and damage kinetics are examined by means of plate impact
+ recovery experiments. The numerical analysis is based on a 2-D
+ micromechanical stochastic finite element analysis. The model
+ incorporates a cohesive law to capture microcrack initiation,
+ propagation and coalescence, as well as crack interaction and branching,
+ as a natural outcome of the calculated material response. The
+ stochasticity of the microfracture process is modeled by introducing a
+ Weibull distribution of interfacial strength at grain boundaries. This
+ model accounts for randomness in grain orientation, and the existence of
+ chemical impurities and glassy phase at grain boundaries. Representative
+ volume elements (RVE) of ceramic microstructure with different grain
+ size and shape distributions are considered to account for features
+ observed in real microstructures. Normal plate impact velocity histories
+ are used not only to identify model parameters, but also to determine
+ under what conditions the model captures failure mechanisms
+ experimentally observed. The analyses show that in order to capture
+ damage kinetics a particular distribution of grain boundary strength and
+ detailed modeling of grain morphology are required. Simulated microcrack
+ patterns and velocity histories have been found to be in a good
+ agreement with the experimental observations only when the right grain
+ morphology and model parameters are chosen. It has been found that the
+ addition of rate effects to the cohesive model results in microcrack
+ diffusion not observed experimentally. (C) 2001 Acta Materialia Inc.
+ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zavattieri, PD (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut \& Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00292-0}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{ceramics; microstructure; damage kinetics; grain boundaries; fracture \&
+ fracture toughness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MODEL; DEFORMATION; FAILURE; MICROSTRUCTURES; SIMULATIONS; FRACTURE;
+ CERAMICS; DAMAGE; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zavattieri, Pablo/B-1533-2008
+ Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{137}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{51}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{497BR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000172433300015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000177097400007,
+Author = {Zagrai, AN and Giurgiutiu, V},
+Title = {{Electro-mechanical impedance method for crack detection in thin plates}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{12}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{709-718}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Note = {{Adaptive Structures and Smart Materials Symposium, UNIV S CAROLINA,
+ COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, OCT 23-25, 2000}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes the utilization of Electro-Mechanical (E/M)
+ impedance method for structural health monitoring of thin plates. The
+ method allows the direct identification of structural dynamics by
+ obtaining its E/M impedance or admittance signatures. The analytical
+ model for two-dimensional structure was developed and verified with
+ experiments. Good matching of experimental results and calculated
+ spectra was obtained for axial and flexural components. The ability of
+ the method to identify the presence of damage was investigated by
+ performing an experiment where the damage in the form of crack was
+ simulated with an EDM slit placed at various distances from the sensor.
+ It was found that the crack presence dramatically modifies the E/M
+ impedance spectrum and this modification decreases as the distance
+ between the sensor and the crack increases. Several overall-statistics
+ damage metrics, which may be used for on-line structural heath
+ monitoring, were investigated. Among these candidate damage metrics, the
+ alphath power of the correlation coefficient deviation, CCDalpha, 3 <
+ \α < 7, used in the high frequency band 300-450 kHz, was found to
+ be most successful. Careful selection of the high frequency band and
+ proper choice of the appropriate damage metric were found to be
+ essential for successful damage detection and structural health
+ monitoring.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Giurgiutiu, V (Reprint Author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Engn Mech, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
+ Univ S Carolina, Dept Engn Mech, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/104538901320560355}},
+ISSN = {{1045-389X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR/SENSOR PATCHES; HEALTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Giurgiutiu, Victor/F-1394-2011
+ GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/0000-0001-8948-677X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{137}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{578BK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177097400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000167749400039,
+Author = {Kramer, TR and Noecker, RJ},
+Title = {{Comparison of the morphologic changes after selective laser
+ trabeculoplasty and argon laser trabeculoplasty in human eye bank eyes}},
+Journal = {{OPHTHALMOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{108}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{773-779}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Objective: To compare the histopathologic changes in the human
+ trabecular meshwork (TM) after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and
+ selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) with a Q-switched,
+ frequency-doubled, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser.
+ Design: Human ``in vitro{''} experimental study.
+ Tissue and Controls: Eight human autopsy eyes were obtained within 18
+ hours of death from persons aged 71 to 78 years.
+ Methods: The anterior segment of autopsy eyes was isolated, and one half
+ of each trabecular meshwork underwent SLT and the other half ALT,
+ Specimens were evaluated with scanning and transmission electron
+ microscopy.
+ Main Outcome Measures: Structural changes in the TM were detected by
+ scanning electron microscopy, and cellular or intracellular changes were
+ seen with transmission electron microscopy.
+ Results: Evaluation of the TM after ALT revealed crater formation in the
+ uveal meshwork at the junction of the pigmented and nonpigmented TM,
+ Coagulative damage was evident at the base and along the edge of
+ craters, with disruption of the collagen beams, fibrinous exudate, lysis
+ of endothelial cells, and nuclear and cytoplasmic debris. Evaluation of
+ the TM after SLT revealed no evidence of coagulative damage or
+ disruption of the corneoscleral or uveal trabecular beam structure,
+ Minimal evidence of mechanical damage was present after SLT, and the
+ only ultrastructural evidence of laser tissue interaction was cracking
+ of intracytoplasmic pigment granules and disruption of trabecular
+ endothelial cells.
+ Conclusions: SLT applied ``in vitro{''} to the TM of human eye bank eyes
+ seemed to cause no coagulative damage and less structural damage to the
+ human TM when compared with ALT and, therefore, may be a safer and more
+ repeatable procedure. (C) 2001 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}},
+Address = {{655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kramer, TR (Reprint Author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Eye Ctr, 1365-B Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
+ Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Eye Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
+ Univ Arizona, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Tucson, AZ USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00660-6}},
+ISSN = {{0161-6420}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; TRABECULAR MESHWORK CELLS; ULTRASTRUCTURAL-CHANGES;
+ PULSED RADIATION; DIODE-LASER; MONKEYS; PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS; IRRADIATION;
+ THERAPY; PILOT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Ophthalmology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Ophthalmology}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{121}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Ophthalmology}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{415XT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000167749400039}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000168524000004,
+Author = {Geisler, T and Ulonska, M and Schleicher, H and Pidgeon, RT and van
+ Bronswijk, W},
+Title = {{Leaching and differential recrystallization of metamict zircon under
+ experimental hydrothermal conditions}},
+Journal = {{CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{141}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{53-65}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{We report results of hydrothermal experiments on four alluvial zircons
+ from Sri Lanka, which cover a wide range of radiation damage, at 450
+ degreesC and 1.3 kbar for 744 h with 2 M CaCl2 solution as reactive
+ fluid. After the hydrothermal treatment, the most metamict samples show
+ micrometer-thick reaction rims, which surround apparently unreacted
+ zircon, as revealed by cathodoluminescence (CL) and Nomarski
+ differential interference contrast (NDIC) images. These rims have sharp,
+ curved, and transgressive boundaries with unreacted zircon and are, in
+ some cases, spread out along cracks. The thickness of reaction rims
+ increases with increasing cumulated cn-dosage of the starting materials.
+ The reaction rims are strongly enriched in Ca (up to 7000 ppm) and a
+ water species and depleted in radiogenic Pb, Zr, and Si, as revealed by
+ electron microprobe analyses. A significant Th loss from the reaction
+ rims was detected in the case of the most metamict sample, whereas U
+ remained in the structure. FT-infrared spectrometry and X-ray
+ diffraction measurements revealed that the bulk run products were
+ recrystallized. Using micro-Raman spectrometry, we were able to
+ demonstrate that differential recrystallization took place. The reaction
+ rims are strongly recrystallized, whereas the unreacted grain interiors
+ underwent only minor recrystallization. Recrystallization of the rims is
+ accompanied by an enhancement of the integral CL intensity. It is
+ suggested that recrystallization in the reaction rims was catalyzed by
+ water infiltration and ion exchange and prevented significant congruent
+ zircon dissolution under the given experimental conditions. Previous
+ zircon studies have shown that (1) a transgressive morphology, (2) a
+ reduced Th-U ratio, and (3) an enhanced CL emission are also
+ characteristics of rims in zircons from high-grade metamorphic rocks.
+ Based on these similarities between natural and experimentally produced
+ rims, it is suggested that leaching-catalyzed recrystallization is an
+ important alteration process in zircon under wet geological conditions
+ and can account for many complex core-rim structures found in natural
+ zircons. Furthermore, the strong enrichment of Ca in the reaction rims
+ supports previous assumptions that high Ca concentrations in natural
+ zircons are of secondary origin. It is suggested that lower U-Pb
+ concordia intercept ages obtained from single-phase zircons with high Ca
+ contents date a leaching event.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Univ Hamburg, Mineral Petrog Inst, Grindelallee 48, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
+ Univ Hamburg, Mineral Petrog Inst, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
+ Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Appl Geol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
+ Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Appl Chem, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.}},
+ISSN = {{0010-7999}},
+EISSN = {{1432-0967}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DECAY EVENT DAMAGE; ZONE SOUTHERN ALPS; U-PB ISOTOPE;
+ ELECTRON-MICROPROBE; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; AGES; STABILITY; METAMORPHISM;
+ DIFFRACTION; GRANULITE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics; Mineralogy}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics; Mineralogy}},
+Author-Email = {{thorsten.geisler@mineralogie.uni-hamburg.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{110}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{429NN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000168524000004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000171841000006,
+Author = {Li, F and Hu, KA and Li, JL and Zhao, BY},
+Title = {{The friction and wear characteristics of nanometer ZnO filled
+ polytetrafluoroethylene}},
+Journal = {{WEAR}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{249}},
+Number = {{10-11}},
+Pages = {{877-882}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{The friction and wear characteristics of nanometer ZnO filled
+ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite blocks with different filler
+ proportions in sliding against stainless steel rin g under dry friction
+ condition were studied. The microstructures, worn surfaces and transfer
+ films of PTFE and nanometer ZnO/PTFE composite were then examined with
+ scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results show that
+ filling nanometer ZnO to PTFE could greatly reduce the wear of this
+ polymer and the best anti-wear property was obtained with the composite
+ containing 15 vol.\% nanometer ZnO. In comparison with pure PTFE, the
+ friction property of these composites was maintained. With the increase
+ of load and sliding velocity, the coefficient of friction of nanometer
+ ZnO/PTFE composites was reduced and the anti-wear ability of them was
+ not very damaged. It was seen from the cross-section micrographs of PTFE
+ and nanometer ZnO/PTFE composite that the fiber structures that existed
+ in pure PTFE were disappeaxed by filling nanometer ZnO into PTFE. This
+ indicated that this filler could prevent the destruction of PTFE banded
+ structures during friction process. SEM pictures of the transfer films
+ indicated that with the frictional couple of stainless steel
+ ring/composite block filled with 15 vol.\% nanometer ZnO, a uniform and
+ tenacious transfer film was formed on the ring surface, which promised
+ an excellent anti-wear property of this composite. SEM examination of 15
+ vol.\% nanometer ZnO/PTFE composite also showed that some cracks on the
+ worn surface of the composite appeared during sliding under 300 N. The
+ creation and development of the cracks led to deterioration of the wear
+ property of this composite under higher load. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science
+ B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, F (Reprint Author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Composite Mat Met Matrix, Box A9905091,Huashan Rd 1954, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
+ Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Composite Mat Met Matrix, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00816-X}},
+ISSN = {{0043-1648}},
+Keywords = {{nanometer ZnO; PTFE; composite; friction and wear}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{OIL LUBRICATED CONDITIONS; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; PTFE COMPOSITES;
+ POLYPHENYLENE SULFIDE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{106}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Wear}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{486WY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171841000006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000170476100009,
+Author = {Carol, I and Lopez, CM and Roa, O},
+Title = {{Micromechanical analysis of quasi-brittle materials using fracture-based
+ interface elements}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{52}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{193-215}},
+Month = {{SEP 10}},
+Note = {{5th US National Congress on Computational Mechanics, UNIV COLORADO,
+ BOULDER, COLORADO, AUG 04-06, 1999}},
+Abstract = {{A microstructural model for the mechanical behaviour of quasi-brittle
+ materials is developed and verified for concrete and bone specimens. The
+ model is based on interface elements equipped with a constitutive law
+ representing non-linear fracture, while continuum elements remain linear
+ elastic. The interface constitutive model is implemented with a
+ sub-stepping scheme. Non-linear geometric effects due to large
+ displacements are included in the model by means of an incremental
+ Lagrangian formulation, although strains in the continuum and relative
+ displacements in the interfaces are assumed to remain small. An
+ arc-length procedure is used to ensure convergence during the highly
+ non-linear behaviour in the post-peak regime. Concrete and bone
+ specimens are idealized as two-phase particle composites and are
+ discretized into finite elements, including interface elements along the
+ main potential crack paths. The numerical results in tension and
+ compression are described and compared with experimental observations.
+ The need of considering nonlinear geometric effects in this type of
+ calculations is also discussed. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley \& Sons,
+ Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
+Address = {{BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Carol, I (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Catalonia, UPC, Sch Civil Engn, ETSECCPB, Jordi Girona 1-3, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
+ Tech Univ Catalonia, UPC, Sch Civil Engn, ETSECCPB, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
+ CSIC, ICMAB, Inst Mat Sci Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nme.277}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5981}},
+Keywords = {{fracture mechanics; interface elements; microstructural analysis; large
+ displacements; concrete; trabecular bone}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MODEL; BONE; COMPOSITES; STRAIN; DAMAGE; SOLIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Carol, Ignacio/H-9011-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Carol, Ignacio/0000-0002-1821-7203}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{103}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{463KV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170476100009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000173071800006,
+Author = {Vasudevan, AK and Sadananda, K and Glinka, G},
+Title = {{Critical parameters for fatigue damage}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{S}},
+Pages = {{S39-S53}},
+Note = {{3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials,
+ HYANNIS, MA, SEP 17-22, 2000}},
+Abstract = {{The fatigue damage analysis is examined from a historical perspective.
+ The analysis indicates that some of the issues concerning the basic
+ disparities between the experiment and model/interpretations. To help
+ understand these issues, we have developed an approach with two driving
+ force parameters to analyze the fatigue behavior. Such an approach helps
+ in viewing the damage in terms of an intrinsic problem rather than an
+ extrinsic one. In the final analysis one needs to unify the overall
+ damage processes such that the description is complete from the crack
+ initiation stage to short crack to long crack to final failure. In order
+ to unify the damage process, three basic parameters are introduced for
+ describing the overall fatigue process. These are DeltaK, K-max and
+ internal stress contribution to K-max. In addition, there are other
+ effects from environment and temperature that can contribute to these
+ parameters. In particular K-max seems to play an important role in the
+ overall damage process. We find that the internal stress is the missing
+ link that can bridge the gap between the four main stages of damage that
+ lies between the crack nucleation stage to final failure. Examples are
+ sited in support of this view of explanation, Finally, it is suggested
+ that systematic experimental data and analytical modeling to describe
+ the internal stress gradients is required to help in forming a reliable
+ life prediction methodology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vasudevan, AK (Reprint Author), Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Code 332, Arlington, VA 22217 USA.
+ Off Naval Res, Div Mat, Arlington, VA 22217 USA.
+ USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
+ Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3452}},
+Keywords = {{unified fatigue damage; Delta K; K-max; internal stress contribution to
+ K-max; aluminum alloys; titanium; pure iron; steel; short crack; long
+ crack and life prediction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; CLOSURE; COMPOSITES; LIFE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{vasudea@onr.navy.mil}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
+Times-Cited = {{82}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{508DB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000173071800006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000170689000041,
+Author = {Renshaw, CE and Schulson, EM},
+Title = {{Universal behaviour in compressive failure of brittle materials}},
+Journal = {{NATURE}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{412}},
+Number = {{6850}},
+Pages = {{897-900}},
+Month = {{AUG 30}},
+Abstract = {{Brittle failure limits the compressive strength of rock and ice when
+ rapidly loaded under low to moderate confinement. Higher confinement or
+ slower loading results in ductile failure once the brittle-ductile
+ transition is crossed. Brittle failure begins when primary cracks
+ initiate and slide, creating wing cracks at their tips(1-3). Under
+ little to no confinement, wing cracks extend and link together,
+ splitting the material into slender columns which then fail. Under low
+ to moderate confinement, wing crack growth is restricted and terminal
+ failure is controlled by the localization of damage along a narrow band.
+ Early investigations proposed that localization results from either the
+ linkage of wing cracks(1-3) or the buckling of microcolumns created
+ between adjacent wing cracks(4,5). Observations of compressive failure
+ in ice(6) suggest a mechanism whereby localization initiates owing to
+ the bending-induced failure of slender microcolumns created between sets
+ of secondary cracks emanating from one side of a primary crack. Here we
+ analyse this mechanism, and show that it leads to a closed-form,
+ quantitative model that depends only on independently measurable
+ mechanical parameters. Our model predictions for both the brittle
+ compressive strength and the brittle-ductile transition are consistent
+ with data from a variety of crystalline materials, offering quantitative
+ evidence for universal processes in brittle failure and for the broad
+ applicability of the model.}},
+Publisher = {{MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD}},
+Address = {{PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Renshaw, CE (Reprint Author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
+ Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
+ Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1038/35091045}},
+ISSN = {{0028-0836}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DUCTILE TRANSITION; EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; ICE; FAULTS;
+ GROWTH; NUCLEATION; GRANITE; SOLIDS; ROCKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{80}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Nature}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{467EG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170689000041}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000168571700002,
+Author = {Joffe, R and Krasnikovs, A and Varna, J},
+Title = {{GOD-based simulation of transverse cracking and stiffness reduction in
+ {[}S/90(n)](s) laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{61}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{637-656}},
+Abstract = {{Closed-form expressions for the thermo-elastic properties of
+ {[}S/90(n)](s) laminates with transverse cracks in the 90 degrees layers
+ are derived. Provided the normalised average crack-opening displacement
+ (COD) is known, expressions contain only crack density, geometrical
+ parameters and elastic constants of layers. The average COD dependence
+ on the crack spacing and constraint effect of adjacent sub-laminates is
+ analysed by using finite-element method in plane stress formulation. It
+ is found that the out-of-plane elastic constants have an insignificant
+ effect on GOD. A simple power law relating average COD to elastic and
+ geometrical parameters of constituents is derived. The obtained power
+ law and the developed methodology are successfully used to predict the
+ reduction of thermo-elastic properties and damage evolution of {[}+/-
+ theta /90(4)](s) laminates. The crack-closure technique and Monte-Carlo
+ simulations are used to model the damage development. The 90 degrees
+ layer is divided in to a large number of elements and G(c) values are
+ assigned to each element according to a Weibull distribution. Parameters
+ in the Weibull distribution are determined by using experimental crack
+ density versus strain curve for glass-fibre/epoxy {[}0(2)/90(4)](s)
+ cross-ply laminates. Damage development in {[}S/90(4)](s) laminates of
+ the same material, containing sub-laminates with +/- theta layers only,
+ is modelled by using these Weibull parameters and the results are in
+ good agreement with test data. The effect of the thickness of the 90
+ degrees layer on damage development is discussed in strength and
+ fracture mechanics formulation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Varna, J (Reprint Author), Lulea Univ Technol, Div Polymer Engn, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden.
+ Lulea Univ Technol, Div Polymer Engn, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden.
+ Riga Tech Univ, Inst Mech, LV-1058 Riga, Latvia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00172-X}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{crack-opening displacement (COD); mechanical properties; transverse
+ cracking; probabilistic methods; finite element analysis (FEA)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MULTIPLE MATRIX CRACKING; THERMOELASTIC PROPERTIES; STRENGTH
+ DISTRIBUTION; PLY; PARAMETER; FRACTURE; DAMAGE; MODEL; GLASS; PLIES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Joffe, Roberts/G-8048-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{74}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{430JX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000168571700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000170320300005,
+Author = {Lykins, CD and Mall, S and Jain, VK},
+Title = {{Combined experimental-numerical investigation of fretting fatigue crack
+ initiation}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{703-711}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{This study investigated the fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior
+ of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. Tests were conducted to generate fretting
+ fatigue failures from 2x10(4) to 5x10(7) cycles at 200 Hz. Fractography
+ was employed to determine number of cycles to crack initiation, crack
+ location and angle of crack orientation. Finite element analysis was
+ conducted based on the experimental information in order to assess the
+ ability of two critical plane approaches to predict fretting fatigue
+ crack initiation behavior; the Smith-Watson-Topper critical plane
+ parameter and the maximum shear stress range critical plane parameter.
+ When properly formulated, these parameters predicted number of cycles to
+ crack initiation and location of crack initiation which were in
+ agreement with the experimental counterparts. However, these two
+ parameters predicted different orientation angles of crack initiation at
+ the contact surface. Based on the observations of orientation angles,
+ the combined experimental-numerical approach showed that the mechanism
+ for fretting fatigue crack initiation was governed by the maximum shear
+ stress range on the critical plane. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mall, S (Reprint Author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN, Mat \& Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
+ Air Force Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN, Mat \& Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
+ Air Force Res Lab, AFRL, PRTC, Aero Prop \& Rockets Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
+ Univ Dayton, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00029-9}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{fretting fatigue crack initiation; titanium alloy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTACT; DAMAGE; STRESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{72}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{460QP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170320300005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000168904700004,
+Author = {Busso, EP and Lin, J and Sakurai, S},
+Title = {{A mechanistic study of oxidation-induced degradation in a plasma-sprayed
+ thermal barrier coating system. Part II: Life prediction model}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1529-1536}},
+Month = {{MAY 25}},
+Abstract = {{A parametric study is conducted to quantify the effects of different
+ microstructural variables and service conditions on the local stresses
+ induced by oxidation, sintering processes and thermal cycling in a
+ typical plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating (PS-TBC) system. The
+ study relies on the numerical results obtained from a continuum
+ mechanics-based mechanistic study of the oxidation-induced degradation
+ of the PS-TBC system. Analytical expressions are presented for the peak
+ out-of-plane stress component which promotes the nucleation and growth
+ of mesoscopic cracks within the top zirconia-based ceramic coating in
+ terms of thermal cycle parameters, and accumulated oxidation time. Based
+ on the results of the parametric study, a damage mechanics-based life
+ prediction methodology for the failure of the PS-TBC under thermal
+ fatigue loading conditions is proposed. The model assumes that PS-TBC
+ failure occurs by a cleavage-type mechanism within the top zirconia
+ coating, in agreement with experimental evidence, and that the
+ accumulation of damage with thermal cycling is linked to the gradual
+ degradation of the intrinsic cleavage strength of the zirconia. The
+ model is shown to be capable of predicting consistently a broad range of
+ thermal fatigue data. (C) 2001 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by
+ Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Busso, EP (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2BX, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2BX, England.
+ Hitachi Ltd, Mech Engn Res Lab, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00061-1}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{thin films; thermal barrier coatings; interface; theory \& modelling}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{8}},
+Times-Cited = {{72}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{435WG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000168904700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000170681600002,
+Author = {Boyce, BL and Chen, X and Hutchinson, JW and Ritchie, RO},
+Title = {{The residual stress state due to a spherical hard-body impact}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{441-454}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The current study assesses the residual stresses and remnant damage
+ caused by a spherical projectile impacting upon a flat surface. The
+ immediate application of this information is to the problem of foreign
+ object damage (FOD) associated with the ingestion of debris into an
+ aircraft turbine engine and the subsequent reduction in component
+ lifetime. The work is focused on two primary features: (i) the
+ development of numerical models for the evaluation of the deformation
+ and stresses associated with the impact process and (ii) the use of
+ spatially resolved residual stress measurements to verify experimentally
+ the numerical analysis. As a first approximation, a quasi-static
+ numerical model was developed by ignoring time-dependent effects (i.e.,
+ strain-rate sensitivity, wave and inertia effects, etc.), where the
+ effects of velocity were approximated by adjusting the depth and
+ diameter of the resulting impact crater to match that of actual impact
+ craters at the corresponding velocity. The computed residual stresses
+ and associated elastic strain gradients were compared to experimentally
+ measured values, obtained using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD)
+ methods. This comparison indicated that the quasi-static numerical
+ analysis was adequate for moderate impact conditions (velocity = 200
+ m/s, energy = 2.7 J); however, under more aggressive conditions
+ (velocity = 300 m/s, energy = 6.1 J), there was significant discrepancy
+ between the numerical predictions and experimental measurements. Such
+ discrepancy may be attributed to several factors that can occur at
+ higher impact velocities, including strain-rate sensitivity, microcrack
+ formation, and shear-band formation. A dynamic simulation, where the
+ time-dependent effects of strain-rate sensitivity and elastic-wave
+ interactions were approximated, provided results in closer agreement
+ with the experimental diffraction observations. (C) 2001 Published by
+ Elsevier Science Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ritchie, RO (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 463 Evans Hall 1760,1 Cyclotron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Harvard Univ, Div Engn \& Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0167-6636(01)00064-3}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+Keywords = {{titanium; Ti-6Al-4V; foreign object damage; impact; residual stress;
+ X-ray diffraction; fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-CYCLE-FATIGUE; FOREIGN-OBJECT DAMAGE; CRACK-GROWTH; INDENTATION;
+ TI-6AL-4V; LIFE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hutchinson, John/B-1221-2008
+ Chen, Xi/B-1539-2008
+ Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012
+ Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hutchinson, John/0000-0003-2051-3105
+ Chen, Xi/0000-0002-1263-1024
+ Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743
+ Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{71}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{467BX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170681600002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000167956200005,
+Author = {Delafosse, D and Magnin, T},
+Title = {{Hydrogen induced plasticity in stress corrosion cracking of engineering
+ systems}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{68}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{693-729}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a review of some recent experimental results and
+ advances in the modelling and simulation of hydrogen induced damage in
+ stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Experimental results are presented for
+ different material/ solution systems. They outline the localised
+ character of corrosion-deformation interactions that lead to SCC failure
+ and the importance of a critical defect for localised hydrogen entry and
+ damage, particularly in f.c.c. metals. Detailed observations of the
+ fracture micro-crystallograph of 316L austenitic stainless steel single
+ crystals in boiling MgCl2 are presented. They support the successive
+ steps of the corrosion enhanced plasticity model, which is based on a
+ local softening in the SCC crack region and on the repeated formation of
+ a dislocation pile-up at some distance ahead of the crack. Critical
+ experiments that highlight the nature of hydrogen-plasticity
+ interactions in SCC also support this model. A simulation method for
+ hydrogen-plasticity interactions is presented. It reproduces the
+ decrease of the long-range interactions between dislocations in the
+ presence of hydrogen. A general expression is given for such a decrease
+ as a function of temperature, hydrogen concentration and material
+ parameters. It is shown that solid solution hydrogen favours planar slip
+ and the formation of dislocation pile-ups. The equilibrium configuration
+ of a dislocation pile-up ahead of a SCC crack is studied and it is shown
+ that diffusing hydrogen promotes stress concentrations against
+ microstructural obstacles and periodic micro-fracture along the slip
+ planes. Finally, the effect of hydrogen on a dislocation source at a
+ crack tip is investigated. Hydrogen is shown to promote brittle fracture
+ for particular orientations of f.c.c. single crystals. (C) 2001 Elsevier
+ Science Ltd. Ah rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Delafosse, D (Reprint Author), Ecole Natl Super Mines St Etienne, URA CNRS 1884, 158 Cours Fauriel, F-42023 St Etienne, France.
+ Ecole Natl Super Mines St Etienne, URA CNRS 1884, F-42023 St Etienne, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0013-7944(00)00121-1}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{stress corrosion cracking; hydrogen; plasticity; fractography; single
+ crystals; crack; dislocations; numerical simulations}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ASSISTED CRACKING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STAINLESS-STEEL; BASE ALLOYS;
+ IRON-BASE; DEFORMATION; NICKEL; EMBRITTLEMENT; DISLOCATIONS; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Delafosse, David/D-5885-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Delafosse, David/0000-0002-4915-9173}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{69}},
+Times-Cited = {{70}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{419NY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000167956200005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000172602400002,
+Author = {Ladeveze, P and Lubineau, G},
+Title = {{On a damage mesomodel for laminates: micro-meso relationships,
+ possibilities and limits}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{61}},
+Number = {{15, SI}},
+Pages = {{2149-2158}},
+Note = {{Workshop on Recent Advances in Continuum Damage Mechanics for
+ Composites, CACHAN, FRANCE, SEP 20-22, 2000}},
+Organization = {{LMT Cachan; ENS/CNRS/Paris 6 Univ; Univ Virginia, Ctr High Temp
+ Composites}},
+Abstract = {{The damage mesomodel for laminates (DML) which has been developed over
+ the past 15 years (in particular at Cachan) is revisited, considering
+ the numerous pieces of work, both experimental and theoretical, that
+ have been carried out in micromechanics. This is a first attempt to
+ connect completely the micromechanics and mesomechanics of laminates.
+ (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ladeveze, P (Reprint Author), Univ Paris 06, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan, CNRS, 61 Ave Presdient Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ Univ Paris 06, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan, CNRS, F-94235 Cachan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00109-9}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{laminates; damage; meso; micro}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STIFFNESS REDUCTION; TRANSVERSE CRACKING; ELEMENTARY PLY; COMPOSITES;
+ GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{500AA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000172602400002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000168467300004,
+Author = {Fricke, S and Keim, E and Schmidt, J},
+Title = {{Numerical weld modeling - a method for calculating weld-induced residual
+ stresses}},
+Journal = {{NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{206}},
+Number = {{2-3}},
+Pages = {{139-150}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Note = {{25th MPA Seminar, STUTTGART, GERMANY, OCT 07-08, 1999}},
+Organization = {{MPA}},
+Abstract = {{In the past, weld-induced residual stresses caused damage to numerous
+ (power) plant parts, components and systems (Erve, M., Wesseling, U.,
+ Kilian, R., Hardt, R., Brummer, G., Maier, V., Ilg, U., 1994. Cracking
+ in Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping of German Boiling Water
+ Reactors - Characteristic Features and Root Causes. 20. MPA-Seminar
+ 1994, vol. 2, paper 29, pp.29.1-29.21). In the case of BWR nuclear power
+ plants, this damage can be caused by the mechanism of intergranular
+ stress corrosion cracking in austenitic piping or the core shroud in the
+ reactor pressure vessel and is triggered chiefly by weld-induced
+ residual stresses. One solution of this problem that has been used in
+ the past involves experimental measurements of residual stresses in
+ conjunction with weld optimization testing. However? the experimental
+ analysis of all relevant parameters is an extremely tedious process.
+ Numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM) not only
+ supplements this method but, in view of modern computer capacities, is
+ also an equally valid alternative in its own right. This paper will
+ demonstrate that the technique developed for numerical simulation of the
+ welding process has not only been properly verified and validated on
+ austenitic pipe welds, but that it also permits making selective
+ statements on improvements to the welding process. For instance,
+ numerical simulation can provide information on the starting point of
+ welding for every weld bead, the effect of interpass cooling as far as a
+ possible sensitization of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is concerned, the
+ effect of gap width on the resultant weld residual stresses? or the
+ effect of the `last pass heat sink welding' (welding of the final passes
+ while simultaneously cooling the inner surface with water) producing
+ compressive stresses in the root area of a circumferential weld in an
+ austenitic pipe. The computer program FERESA (finite element residual
+ stress analysis) was based on a commercially available ABAQUS code
+ (Hibbitt, Karlsson, Sorensen, Inc, 1997. ABAQUS user's manual, version
+ 5,6). and can be used as a 2-D or 3-D FEM analysis; depending on task
+ definition it can provide a starting paint for a fracture mechanics
+ safety analysis with acceptable computing times. (C) 2001 Elsevier
+ Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Schmidt, J (Reprint Author), Siemens AG, KWU NT1, Postfach 32 20, D-91050 Erlangen, Germany.
+ Siemens AG, KWU NT1, D-91050 Erlangen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0029-5493(00)00414-3}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5493}},
+Research-Areas = {{Nuclear Science \& Technology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nuclear Science \& Technology}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{5}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Nucl. Eng. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{428NG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000168467300004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000169816300002,
+Author = {Zhang, W and Subhash, G},
+Title = {{An elastic-plastic-cracking model for finite element analysis of
+ indentation cracking in brittle materials}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{34-35}},
+Pages = {{5893-5913}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{An `elastio-plastic-cracking' (EPC) constitutive model was developed and
+ incorporated into the commercial explicit finite element package ABAQUS
+ to analyze the fracture characteristics of brittle materials subjected
+ to indentation loads. The analysis indicated that the EPC model can
+ capture the development of median cracks during the loading phase and
+ the development of lateral cracks during the unloading phase of the
+ Vickers indentation cycle. The influence of material properties on
+ induced damage zone characteristics was analyzed by defining a
+ non-dimensional brittleness parameter. The model predictions of hardness
+ as well as load-depth (P-h) relationship during an indentation cycle
+ were found to agree well with the experimental trends presented
+ elsewhere in the literature. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Subhash, G (Reprint Author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
+ Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00406-6}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Vickers indentation; brittle cracking model; hardness; brittleness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS TEST; VICKERS INDENTATION; STRESS-FIELDS; CERAMICS;
+ BEHAVIOR; EQUATIONS; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Subhash, Ghatu/J-4851-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Subhash, Ghatu/0000-0002-5996-0909}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{65}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{451TA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000169816300002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000171516500011,
+Author = {Subero, J and Ghadiri, M},
+Title = {{Breakage patterns of agglomerates}},
+Journal = {{POWDER TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{120}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{232-243}},
+Month = {{OCT 22}},
+Abstract = {{The experimental information available in the literature regarding the
+ patterns of breakage of agglomerate materials is scarce, particularly in
+ dynamic loading. The primary objective of this paper is to present our
+ findings on the break-age patterns of the agglomerates and the
+ interparticle bond. A high-speed digital video imaging technique is used
+ here to gain an insight into the impact behaviour of individual
+ agglomerates against a target plate. Several breakage patterns are
+ observed. Agglomerates may suffer localised damage only, with the
+ disintegration of the damaged zone into very fine debris, or localised
+ damage combined with fracture. The frequency of occurrence of these
+ patterns depends on the impact velocity and agglomerate structure, The
+ pattern of break-age affects significantly the size distribution of the
+ impact product. An investigation of the breakage of individual
+ interparticle bonds is also presented. Two forms of failure are
+ observed, internal (cohesive) and interfacial (adhesive) failure. The
+ morphology of the fractured surface depends greatly on the type of
+ breakage. Internal breakage shows irregular surfaces due to crack
+ jumping, whereas interfacial failure produces clean, smooth fracture
+ surfaces. These observations should provide the necessary foundation for
+ the development of a fundamental model of agglomerate breakage. (C) 2001
+ Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ghadiri, M (Reprint Author), Univ Surrey, Dept Chem \& Proc Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
+ Univ Surrey, Dept Chem \& Proc Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00276-5}},
+ISSN = {{0032-5910}},
+Keywords = {{agglomerate; failure; impact; fracture; structure; macro-void; breakage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-PROPAGATION; IMPACT BREAKAGE; EPOXIDE-RESIN; ATTRITION; STRENGTH;
+ FRACTURE; SIMULATION; CRYSTALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Chemical}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{63}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Powder Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{481JQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171516500011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000166431700017,
+Author = {Nicolella, DP and Nicholls, AE and Lankford, J and Davy, DT},
+Title = {{Machine vision photogrammetry: a technique for measurement of
+ microstructural strain in cortical bone}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{34}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{135-139}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Understanding local microstructural deformations and strains in cortical
+ bone may lead to a better understanding of cortical bone damage
+ development, fracture, and remodeling. Traditional experimental
+ techniques for measuring deformation and strain do not allow
+ characterization of these quantities at the microstructural level in
+ cortical bone. This study describes a technique based on digital
+ stereoimaging used to measure the microstructural strain fields in
+ cortical bone. The technique allows the measurement of material surface
+ displacements and strains by comparing images acquired from a specimen
+ at two distinct stress states. The accuracy of the system is
+ investigated by analyzing an undeformed image set the test image is
+ identical to the reference image but translated by a known pixel amount.
+ An increase in the correlation sub-image train parameter results in an
+ increase in displacement measurement accuracy from 0.049 to 0.012
+ pixels. Errors in strain calculated from the measured displacement field
+ were between 39 and 564 microstrain depending upon the sub-image train
+ size and applied image displacement. The presence of a microcrack in
+ cortical bone results in local strain at the crack tip reaching 0.030
+ (30,000 microstrain) and 0.010 (10,000 microstrain) near osteocyte
+ lacunae. It is expected that the use of this technique will allow a
+ greater understanding of bone strength and fracture as well as bone
+ mechanotransduction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nicolella, DP (Reprint Author), SW Res Inst, Mech \& Mat Engn Div, 6220 Culebra Rd,PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA.
+ SW Res Inst, Mech \& Mat Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA.
+ Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00163-9}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9290}},
+Keywords = {{cortical bone; micromechanics; microstructure; strain}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE DAMAGE; COMPACT-BONE; FRACTURE; MICRODAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Biophysics; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIAMS NIH HHS {[}AR43785]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{63}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Biomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{392UV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000166431700017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000171900900081,
+Author = {Fridrici, V and Fouvry, S and Kapsa, P},
+Title = {{Effect of shot peening on the fretting wear of Ti-6Al-4V}},
+Journal = {{WEAR}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{250}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{642-649}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Note = {{13th International Conference on Wear of Materials, VANCOUVER, CANADA,
+ APR 22-26, 2001}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, we report on the fretting wear behaviour of polished and
+ shot peened Ti-6Al-4V specimens. For fretting experiments, due to
+ micro-displacements at the interface between two contacting surfaces,
+ two types of damage can be observed: crack initiation and debris
+ formation. Shot peening, which is already well known for improving
+ fatigue resistance of titanium alloys, is shown to have a beneficial
+ effect on the crack initiation and propagation under fretting wear
+ loading, as cracks observed on specimens after cylinder-on-flat fretting
+ tests are shorter in shot peened specimens than in polished ones. It is
+ also demonstrated that shot peening decreases the friction coefficient
+ only at the beginning of the test, as long as the asperities induced by
+ shot peening are not worn-off. The effects of displacement amplitude,
+ normal force and test duration on the wear volume have been
+ investigated: in all cases, shot peening has no significant impact on
+ the wear process. The same amount of debris are formed and ejected for
+ both polished and shot peened specimens. Moreover, it is found that, for
+ both types of specimens, the linear relation, developed for steels and
+ hard coatings, between wear volume and cumulated dissipated energy is
+ not valid in the present case as different wear volumes are measured for
+ the same cumulated dissipated energy, depending on the experimental
+ conditions (normal force, displacement amplitude). Using the test
+ duration as the variable parameter, energy wear coefficients are
+ calculated for different experimental conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier
+ Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fridrici, V (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Lyon, Lab Tribol \& Dynam Syst, CNRS, UMR 5513, 36 Ave Guy de Collongue, F-69130 Ecully, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lyon, Lab Tribol \& Dynam Syst, CNRS, UMR 5513, F-69130 Ecully, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00671-8}},
+ISSN = {{0043-1648}},
+Keywords = {{fretting wear; titanium alloy; shot peening; energy-based approach}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Wear}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{487VZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000171900900081}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000167450200001,
+Author = {Nascimento, MP and Souza, RC and Miguel, IM and Pigatin, WL and
+ Voorwald, HJC},
+Title = {{Effects of tungsten carbide thermal spray coating by HP/HVOF and hard
+ chromium electroplating on AISI 4340 high strength steel}},
+Journal = {{SURFACE \& COATINGS TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{138}},
+Number = {{2-3}},
+Pages = {{113-124}},
+Month = {{APR 16}},
+Abstract = {{In cases of decorative and functional applications, chromium results in
+ protection against wear and corrosion combined with chemical resistance
+ and good lubricity. However, pressure to identify alternatives or to
+ improve conventional chromium electroplating mechanical characteristics
+ has increased in recent years, related to the reduction in the fatigue
+ strength of the base material and to environmental requirements. The
+ high efficiency and fluoride-free hard chromium electroplating is an
+ improvement to the conventional process, considering chemical and
+ physical final properties. One of the most interesting, environmentally
+ safer and cleaner alternatives for the replacement of hard chrome
+ plating is tungsten carbide thermal spray coating, applied by the high
+ velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process. The aim of this study was to analyse
+ the effects of the tungsten carbide thermal spray coating applied by the
+ HP/HVOF process and of the high efficiency and fluoride-free hard
+ chromium electroplating (in the present paper called `accelerated'), in
+ comparison to the conventional hard chromium electroplating on the AISI
+ 4340 high strength steel behaviour in fatigue, corrosion, and abrasive
+ wear tests. The results showed that the coatings were damaging to the
+ AISI 4340 steel behaviour when submitted to fatigue testing, with the
+ tungsten carbide thermal spray coatings showing the better performance.
+ Experimental data from abrasive wear tests were conclusive, indicating
+ better results from the WC coating. Regarding corrosion by salt spray
+ test, both coatings were completely corroded after 72 h exposure.
+ Scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM) and optical microscopy were
+ used to observe crack origin sites, thickness and adhesion in all the
+ coatings and microcrack density in hard chromium electroplatings, to aid
+ in the results analysis. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nascimento, MP (Reprint Author), State Univ Sao Dapulo, DMT, FEG, Av Ariberto Pereira Cunha 333, BR-12500000 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil.
+ State Univ Sao Dapulo, DMT, FEG, BR-12500000 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil.
+ FAENOUIL, DEMAR, BR-12600000 Lorena, SP, Brazil.
+ EMBRAER, LIEBHERR, EDE, BR-12237540 San Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0257-8972(00)01148-8}},
+ISSN = {{0257-8972}},
+Keywords = {{tungsten carbide thermal spray coating; hard chromium electroplating;
+ abrasive wear; corrosion; fatigue; HP/HVOF}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RESIDUAL-STRESSES; FATIGUE-STRENGTH; AISI-4340 STEEL; RESISTANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Coatings \& Films; Physics, Applied}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Voorwald, Herman /H-2917-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Voorwald, Herman /0000-0001-7060-8757
+ Pereira do Nascimento, Marcelino/0000-0003-3771-0922}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Surf. Coat. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{410QG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000167450200001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000170981600003,
+Author = {Kern, H and Popp, T and Gorbatsevich, F and Zharikov, A and Lobanov, KV
+ and Smirnov, YP},
+Title = {{Pressure and temperature dependence of V-P and V-S in rocks from the
+ superdeep well and from surface analogues at Kola and the nature of
+ velocity anisotropy}},
+Journal = {{TECTONOPHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{338}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{113-134}},
+Month = {{AUG 20}},
+Abstract = {{P-wave velocities (V-p) and S-wave velocities (VS) and their directional
+ dependence (velocity anisotropy, shear wave splitting) were measured on
+ eight cores samples from the Kola superdeep well and on eight samples
+ collected from surface outcrops over a range of pressures up to 600 MPa
+ at room temperature and from room temperature up to 600 degreesC at 600
+ MPa. The core samples were recovered at depths of about 4670 to 11,720
+ m, and the outcrop samples represent lithologies similar to those of the
+ core samples. Measurements were carried out on sample cubes of dry rocks
+ (43 mm edge length) in a multianvil apparatus, allowing simultaneous
+ measurements of Vp and Vs in the three structural directions X, Y, Z of
+ the sample cubes and direct determination of length changes (volume
+ change) of the sample with increasing pressure and temperature.
+ Pronounced pressure (crack) sensitivity of P- and S-wave velocities
+ indicates strong decompaction in the cores, due to drilling-induced
+ damage and rapid pressure and temperature release during core retrieval.
+ Marked velocity anisotropy and shear wave splitting is present in the
+ foliated Proterozoic and Archean gneisses and amphibolites, due to
+ oriented microcracks and lattice (crystallographic) preferred
+ orientation (LPO) of the constituent mica and hornblende minerals. The
+ experimentally determined intrinsic velocities and anisotropies compare
+ fairly well with corresponding calculated data, based on the LPO and the
+ single crystal properties of the major minerals. Measurements and
+ calculations confirm strong relations of velocity anisotropy, shear wave
+ splitting and shear wave polarisation to the structural frame of the
+ rocks (foliation, lineation). The experimentally derived in situ
+ velocities representing the averages of the velocities measured in the
+ three structural directions (three P-wave and six S-wave velocities)
+ compare fairly well with VSP data. The fit is even better when
+ anisotropy (related to foliation and foliation dip) is included in the
+ determination of the in situ velocities. From the relationship between
+ experimental and calculated shear wave splitting data and the structural
+ frame (foliation and lineation) of the Proterozoic and Archean rocks we
+ interpret the VSP-derived shear wave polarisation at Kola (Digranes et
+ al., 1996) as resulting from the strong alignment of mica and
+ hornblende, defining the foliation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BN. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
+ Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
+ Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol, KSC, Apatity, Russia.
+ Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits, Moscow, Russia.
+ Kola Superdeep Sci Prod Ctr, Zapolyarnyi, Russia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00128-7}},
+ISSN = {{0040-1951}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3266}},
+Keywords = {{Kola borehole; core samples; surface rocks; seismic properties;
+ anisotropy; VSP data}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; WAVE VELOCITIES; LOWER-CRUSTAL; MANTLE ROCKS; KTB;
+ AMPHIBOLITE; RUSSIA; CORES; ZONE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{kern@min.uni-kiel.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{58}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Tectonophysics}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{472JY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170981600003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000167747400004,
+Author = {Pai, PF and Young, LG},
+Title = {{Damage detection of beams using operational deflection shapes}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{18}},
+Pages = {{3161-3192}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{This work is an in-depth study of a boundary effect detection (BED)
+ method for pinpointing locations of small damages in beams using
+ operational deflection shapes (ODSs) measured by a scanning laser
+ vibrometer. The BED method requires no model or historical data for
+ locating structural damage. It works by decomposing a measured ODS into
+ central and boundary-layer solutions using a sliding-window
+ least-squares curve-fitting technique. For high-order ODSs of an intact
+ beam, boundary-layer solutions are non-zero only at structural
+ boundaries. For a damaged beam, its boundary-layer solutions are
+ non-zero at the original boundaries and damage locations because damage
+ introduces new boundaries. At a damage location, the boundary-layer
+ solution of slope changes sign, and the boundary-layer solution of
+ displacement peaks up or dimples down. The theoretical background is
+ shown in detail. Noise and different types of damage are simulated to
+ show how they affect damage locating curves. Experiments are performed
+ on several different beams with different types of damage, including
+ surface slots, edge slots, surface holes, internal holes, and fatigue
+ cracks. Experimental results show that this damage detection method is
+ sensitive and reliable for locating small damages in beams. (C) 2001
+ Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pai, PF (Reprint Author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, E2403D,Engn Bldg E, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
+ Univ Missouri, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00274-2}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{boundary effect detection; operational deflection shape; scanning laser
+ vibrometer}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{57}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{415WW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000167747400004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000172089100010,
+Author = {Hou, JP and Petrinic, N and Ruiz, C},
+Title = {{A delamination criterions for laminated composites under low-velocity
+ impact}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{61}},
+Number = {{14}},
+Pages = {{2069-2074}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes details of an improved delamination criterion for
+ laminated composite structures and its implementation to LS-DYNA3D.
+ Out-of-plane stresses have been taken into consideration for damage
+ initiation. The new delamination criterion, verified by experimental
+ results for low-velocity impact, takes into consideration both the
+ interlaminar shear and through-thickness compression stresses. Improved
+ from the criterion proposed previously {[}Hou JP, Petrinic N, Ruiz C.
+ Prediction of impact damage in composite plates. Composites Science and
+ Technology 2000; 60(2): 273-81], delamination is not fully constrained
+ by the out-of-plane compression. The influences of high local
+ interlaminar shear stress induced by matrix cracking and fibre failure
+ on delamination have also been taken into account. Predicted results
+ from different criteria have been discussed, in comparison with
+ experiment work. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hou, JP (Reprint Author), Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
+ Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00128-2}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{impact behaviour; failure criterion; delamination; interlamina shear;
+ finite element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Petrinic, Nik/B-4051-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Petrinic, Nik/0000-0002-2569-6337}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{6}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{491BX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000172089100010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000172633800004,
+Author = {Hambli, R},
+Title = {{Comparison between Lemaitre and Gurson damage models in crack growth
+ simulation during blanking process}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{2769-2790}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, the numerical results obtained by a finite element
+ analysis in the case of sheet metal blanking process are compared with
+ the experimental ones to verify the validity of Gurson and Lemaitre
+ damage models in describing the initiation and propagation of cracks
+ during the process evolution. The concept of continuum damage mechanics
+ has been retained to describe the progressive damage accumulation into
+ the sheet metal leading to the final rupture. During the analysis, the
+ crack propagation is simulated by the propagation of a completely
+ damaged area. The comparative study of the results obtained by
+ simulations using different damage models and experimental ones, showed
+ that Gurson damage model is not able to predict the fracture propagation
+ path in a realistic way. Only Lemaitre damage model gives good results.
+ (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hambli, R (Reprint Author), ISTIA, LASQUO, Upres JE 2039, 62 Ave Notre Dame du Lac, F-49000 Angers, France.
+ ISTIA, LASQUO, Upres JE 2039, F-49000 Angers, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7403(01)00070-4}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+Keywords = {{blanking; FEM; crack growth simulation; damage modelling; experiment}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELEMENT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{53}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{500NN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000172633800004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000172132500017,
+Author = {Quek, ST and Wang, Q and Zhang, L and Ong, KH},
+Title = {{Practical issues in the detection of damage in beams using wavelets}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{10}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{1009-1017}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Wavelet transform of dynamic response data, experimentally acquired
+ using a piezoelectric sensor, is presented as a local non-destructive
+ evaluation technique for locating damage in a beam. The higher
+ consistency and accuracy of the results based on data from a
+ piezoelectric sensor over a conventional strain gauge are demonstrated.
+ The allowable range of wavelet scale to process the data is shown to be
+ dependent on the sampling rate, filter frequency and length of signal,
+ where edge effects due to transformation must also be considered in the
+ latter. By estimating the wave arrival times based on theoretical
+ flexural wave velocity, the approximate wavelet scale to process the
+ data can be determined. Further processing of the signal at a finer
+ wavelet scale is necessary to improve the accuracy. Based on
+ experimental data, the method is shown to be robust with respect to
+ boundary and damage conditions as well as impact position.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/10/5/317}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK DETECTION; TRANSFORM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wang, Quan/A-7931-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wang, Quan/0000-0002-9808-5035}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{50}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{491WF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000172132500017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000166644400001,
+Author = {Tavernier, PR and Clarke, DR},
+Title = {{Mechanics of laser-assisted debonding of films}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{89}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{1527-1536}},
+Month = {{FEB 1}},
+Abstract = {{Films of GaN and ZnO can be separated from the substrates on which they
+ are grown by the use of a laser-assisted debonding process in which a
+ pulsed laser is shone through the substrate and absorbed in the film.
+ Experience shows that the success in separating the films intact and
+ damage free depends sensitively on the laser parameters used and the
+ physical and geometric properties of the films. In this contribution,
+ the mechanics of the laser-assisted debonding of GaN films are presented
+ and used to construct process maps that delineate the conditions for
+ damage-free film separation. The key variable is the nondimensional
+ group OmegaE(p)/(d(p)(2)root tau), where Omega is a lumped material
+ constant, E-p is the laser pulse energy, d(p) is the diameter of the
+ illuminated area and tau is the laser pulse length. Experimental
+ observations of UV/excimer laser assisted debonding of GaN films from
+ sapphire substrates are used to illustrate the types of deformations and
+ cracking modes on which the process maps are based. (C) 2001 American
+ Institute of Physics.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER INST PHYSICS}},
+Address = {{2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Clarke, DR (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1063/1.1338519}},
+ISSN = {{0021-8979}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{GALLIUM NITRIDE; THIN-FILMS; TOUGHNESS; GAN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Applied}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Clarke, David/D-2616-2009
+ Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Phys.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{396NX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000166644400001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000167369300035,
+Author = {Xi, XF and Zhong, P},
+Title = {{Dynamic photoelastic study of the transient stress field in solids
+ during shock wave lithotripsy}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{109}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{1226-1239}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Photoelastic and shadowgraph imaging techniques were used to visualize
+ the propagation and evolution of stress waves, and the resultant
+ transient stress fields in solids during shock wave lithotripsy. In
+ parallel, theoretical analysis of the wavefront evolution inside the
+ solids was performed using a ray-tracing method. Excellent agreement
+ between the theoretical prediction and experimental results was
+ observed. Both the sample size and geometry were found to have a
+ significant influence on the wave evolution and associated stress field
+ produced inside the solid. In particular, characteristic patterns of
+ spalling damage (i.e., transverse and longitudinal crack formation) were
+ observed using plaster-of-Paris cylindrical phantoms of rectangular and
+ circular cross sections. It was found that the leading tensile pulse of
+ the reflected longitudinal wave is responsible for the initiation of
+ microcracks in regions inside the phantom where high tensile stresses
+ are produced. In addition, the transmitted shear wave was found to play
+ a critical role in facilitating the extension and propagation of the
+ microcrack. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER INST PHYSICS}},
+Address = {{2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xi, XF (Reprint Author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn \& Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
+ Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn \& Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1121/1.1349183}},
+ISSN = {{0001-4966}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RENAL CALCULI; ESWL; DISINTEGRATION; PROPAGATION; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Audiology \& Speech-Language Pathology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Audiology \& Speech-Language Pathology}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIDDK NIH HHS {[}R01-DK52985, P01-DK20543]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Acoust. Soc. Am.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{409DM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000167369300035}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000170637500010,
+Author = {Hawyes, VJ and Curtis, PT and Soutis, C},
+Title = {{Effect of impact damage on the compressive response of composite
+ laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2001}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{9, SI}},
+Pages = {{1263-1270}},
+Note = {{European-Mechanics-Society Colloquium 400 (EUROMECH 400), IMPERIAL COLL
+ SCI TECHNOL \& MED, LONDON, ENGLAND, SEP 27-29, 1999}},
+Abstract = {{At present, the compressive strength of composite laminates containing
+ an open-hole can be predicted theoretically by using fracture mechanics
+ based models such as the linear softening cohesive zone model. In this
+ approach, the inelastic deformation associated with fibre microbuckling
+ that develops near the hole edge is replaced with an equivalent crack
+ loaded on its faces by a bridging traction which is linearly reduced
+ with the crack closing displacement. By making use of this model, and by
+ establishing an equivalent hole diameter from X-radiographs and/or
+ ultrasonic C-scan images, the residual compressive strength after impact
+ can be predicted. This paper outlines how the `equivalent hole' is
+ determined and gives tabulated results of experimental and theoretical
+ data. It is also shown that these data are in good agreement with each
+ other for plain compression, open-hole compression and compression after
+ impact strengths. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Soutis, C (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BY, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2BY, England.
+ DERA, Mech Sci Sector, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00072-0}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); residual strength; micro-mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER COMPOSITES; FAILURE; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Soutis, Constantinos/A-6984-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{466GR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000170637500010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2002.bib b/data/WoS_export/2002.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cc61cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2002.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,1667 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000175774000010,
+Author = {Kessler, SS and Spearing, SM and Soutis, C},
+Title = {{Damage detection in composite materials using Lamb wave methods}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{11}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{269-278}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Cost-effective and reliable damage detection is critical for the
+ utilization of composite materials. This paper presents part of an
+ experimental and analytical survey of candidate methods for in situ
+ damage detection of composite materials. Experimental results are
+ presented for the application of Lamb wave techniques to quasi-isotropic
+ graphite/epoxy test specimens containing representative damage modes,
+ including delamination, transverse ply cracks and through-holes. Linear
+ wave scans were performed on narrow laminated specimens and sandwich
+ beams with various cores by monitoring the transmitted waves with
+ piezoceramic sensors. Optimal actuator and sensor configurations were
+ devised through experimentation, and various types of driving signal
+ were explored. These experiments provided a procedure capable of easily
+ and accurately determining the time of flight of a Lamb wave pulse
+ between an actuator and sensor. Lamb wave techniques provide more
+ information about damage presence and severity than previously tested
+ methods (frequency response techniques), and provide the possibility of
+ determining damage location due to their local response nature. These
+ methods may prove suitable for structural health monitoring applications
+ since the travel long distances and can be applied with conformable
+ piezoelectric actuators and sensors that require little power.
+ (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic
+ version).}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{MIT, Dept Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
+ Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2BY, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/11/2/310}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0964-1726(02)33619-X}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CARBON-FIBER COMPOSITES; TRANSDUCERS; SENSORS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Soutis, Constantinos/A-6984-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{357}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{96}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{555BW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000175774000010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000209200700004,
+Author = {Giurgiutiu, Victor and Zagrai, Andrei and Bao, Jing Jing},
+Title = {{Piezoelectric Wafer Embedded Active Sensors for Aging Aircraft
+ Structural Health Monitoring}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{1}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{41-61}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Piezoelectric wafer active sensors may be applied on aging aircraft
+ structures to monitor the onset and progress of structural damage such
+ as fatigue cracks and corrosion. The state of the art in
+ piezoelectric-wafer active sensors structural health monitoring and
+ damage detection is reviewed. Methods based on (a) elastic wave
+ propagation and (b) the Electro-Mechanical (E/M) impedance technique are
+ cited and briefly discussed. For health monitoring of aging aircraft
+ structures, two main detection strategies are considered: the E/M
+ impedance method for near field damage detection, and wave propagation
+ methods for far-field damage detection. These methods are developed and
+ verified on simple-geometry specimens and on realistic aging aircraft
+ panels with seeded cracks and corrosion. The experimental methods,
+ signal processing, and damage detection algorithms are tuned to the
+ specific method used for structural interrogation. In the E/M impedance
+ method approach, the high-frequency spectrum, representative of the
+ structural resonances, is recorded. Then, overall-statistics damage
+ metrics can be used to compare the impedance signatures and correlate
+ the change in these signatures with the damage progression and
+ intensity. In our experiments, the (1 - R-2)(3) damage metric was found
+ to best fit the results in the 300-450 kHz band. In the wave propagation
+ approach, the pulse-echo and acousto-ultrasonic methods can be utilized
+ to identify the additional reflections generated from crack damage and
+ the changes in transmission phase and velocity associated with corrosion
+ damage. The paper ends with a conceptual design of a structural health
+ monitoring system and suggestions for aging aircraft installation
+ utilizing active-sensor arrays, data concentrators, wireless
+ transmission, and a health monitoring and processing unit.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Giurgiutiu, V (Reprint Author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, 300 South Main St, Columbia, SC 29212 USA.
+ Giurgiutiu, Victor; Zagrai, Andrei; Bao, Jing Jing, Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29212 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/147592170200100104}},
+ISSN = {{1475-9217}},
+EISSN = {{1741-3168}},
+Keywords = {{piezoelectric sensors; active sensors; aging aircraft; damage detection;
+ structural health monitoring; failure prevention; ultrasonics;
+ pulse-echo; emitter-receptor; acousto-ultrasonic; signal analysis;
+ electromechanical (E/M) impedance; pointwise impedance; pulse-echo;
+ wireless transmission; data concentrators}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{victorg@sc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bao, Jingjing/A-1473-2010}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bao, Jingjing/0000-0003-0294-6492}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories {[}BF 0133];
+ United States Department of Energy {[}DE-AC04-94AL85000]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial support of Department of Energy through the Sandia
+ National Laboratories, contract doc. \# BF 0133 is thankfully
+ acknowledged. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory
+ operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the
+ United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{248}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{33}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{V36GJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000209200700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000175049700002,
+Author = {Sinha, JK and Friswell, MI and Edwards, S},
+Title = {{Simplified models for the location of cracks in beam structures using
+ measured vibration data}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{251}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{13-38}},
+Month = {{MAR 14}},
+Abstract = {{A new simplified approach to modelling cracks in beams undergoing
+ transverse vibration is presented. The modelling approach uses
+ Euler-Bernoulli beam elements with small modifications to the local
+ flexibility in the vicinity of cracks. This crack model is then used to
+ estimate the crack locations and sizes, by minimizing the difference
+ between the measured and predicted natural frequencies via model
+ updating. The uniqueness of the approach is that the simplified crack
+ model allows the location and damage extent to be estimated directly.
+ The simplified crack model may also be used to generate training data
+ for pattern recognition approaches to health monitoring. The proposed
+ method has been illustrated using the experimental data on beam
+ examples. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sinha, JK (Reprint Author), Univ Wales Swansea, Dept Mech Engn, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
+ Univ Wales Swansea, Dept Mech Engn, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
+ Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Reactor Eng Div, Vibrat Lab, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India.}},
+DOI = {{10.1006/jsvi.2001.3978}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BERNOULLI-EULER BEAMS; SINGLE-EDGE CRACK; DAMAGE DETECTION; NATURAL
+ FREQUENCIES; CANTILEVER BEAM; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; FLEXIBILITY;
+ METHODOLOGY; DYNAMICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{m.i.frisiwell@swansea.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Friswell, Michael/B-5581-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Friswell, Michael/0000-0003-4677-7395}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{52}},
+Times-Cited = {{169}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{542NH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000175049700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000173576700003,
+Author = {Sfer, D and Carol, I and Gettu, R and Etse, G},
+Title = {{Study of the behavior of concrete under triaxial compression}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{128}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{156-163}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{An experimental study of the confined compression behavior of concrete
+ has been performed using 150 X 300 mm cylindrical specimens subjected to
+ hydrostatic pressure in a triaxial cell and axial loading through a
+ servo-hydraulic testing machine. A confining stress range of 0 to 60 MPa
+ (about twice the uniaxial compressive strength) was employed to obtain
+ the brittle-ductile transition behavior of the material. The increase in
+ confining pressure leads to a change in the mode of failure and an
+ increase in the maximum axial load-carrying capacity. It is seen that,
+ at zero or low confinement, there is distributed microcracking and
+ several macrocracks, and the response exhibits a well-defined peak and
+ subsequent softening. At high confinements, relatively large axial and
+ transversal strains of over 10\% have been obtained, with monotonically
+ increasing loads leading to horizontal plateaus, There is no distributed
+ cracking and failure occurs with the propagation of few macrocracks. In
+ general, the observed trends confirm and extend previous results
+ reported in the literature. Optical microscopy shows extensive
+ microcracking, especially in the aggregates, and pore collapse at high
+ confinement. A preliminary interpretation of the results based on the
+ theory of elastoplasticity is also presented.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sfer, D (Reprint Author), Univ Nacl Tucuman, Dept Civil Engn, Avda Independencia 1800, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina.
+ Univ Nacl Tucuman, Dept Civil Engn, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina.
+ Univ Politecn Catalunya, ETSECCPB, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:2(156)}},
+ISSN = {{0733-9399}},
+Keywords = {{triaxial compression; concrete; fractures; elastoplasticity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELASTIC DEGRADATION; PLAIN CONCRETE; DAMAGE; LOCALIZATION; FORMULATION;
+ STRENGTH; STRESS; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Carol, Ignacio/H-9011-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Carol, Ignacio/0000-0002-1821-7203}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{119}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{11}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{40}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{516VD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000173576700003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000173969200010,
+Author = {Kessler, SS and Spearing, SM and Atalla, MJ and Cesnik, CES and Soutis,
+ C},
+Title = {{Damage detection in composite materials using frequency response methods}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{87-95}},
+Abstract = {{Cost-effective and reliable damage detection is critical for the
+ utilization of composite materials. This paper presents part of an
+ experimental and analytical survey of candidate methods for the in situ
+ detection of damage in composite materials. The experimental results are
+ presented for the application of modal analysis techniques applied to
+ graphite/epoxy specimens containing representative damage modes. Changes
+ in natural frequencies and modes were found using a laser vibrometer,
+ and 2-D finite element models were created for comparison with the
+ experimental results. The models accurately predicted the response of
+ the specimens at low frequencies, but coalescence of higher frequency
+ modes makes mode-dependant damage detection difficult for structural
+ applications. The frequency response method was found to be reliable for
+ detecting even small amounts of damage in a simple composite structure,
+ however the potentially important information about damage type, size,
+ location and orientation were lost using this method since several
+ combinations of these variables can yield identical response signatures.
+ (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kessler, SS (Reprint Author), MIT, Dept Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
+ MIT, Dept Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2BY, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S1359-8368(01)00050-6}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S1359-8368(01)00050-6}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+Keywords = {{polymer-matrix composites; vibration; finite element analysis;
+ non-destructive testing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL FREQUENCIES; MODAL PARAMETERS; CRACK; BEAM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Soutis, Constantinos/A-6984-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{119}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{523RM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000173969200010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000174558000010,
+Author = {Ndambi, JM and Vantomme, J and Harri, K},
+Title = {{Damage assessment in reinforced concrete beams using eigenfrequencies
+ and mode shape derivatives}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{501-515}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The use of changes in dynamic system characteristics to detect damage
+ has received considerable attention during the last years. This paper
+ presents experimental results obtained within the framework of the
+ development of a health monitoring system for civil engineering
+ structures, based on the changes of dynamic characteristics. As a part
+ of this research, reinforced concrete beams of 6 meters length are
+ subjected to progressing cracking introduced in different steps. The
+ damaged sections are located in symmetrical or asymmetrical positions
+ according to the beam tested. The damage assessment consists in relating
+ the changes observed in the dynamic characteristics and the level of the
+ crack damage introduced in the beams.
+ It appears from this analysis that eigenfrequencies are affected by
+ accumulation of cracks in the beams and that their evolutions are not
+ influenced by the crack damage locations; they decrease with the crack
+ damage accumulation. The MAC factors are less sensitive to crack damage
+ compared to eigenfrequencies, but give an indication of the symmetrical
+ or asymmetrical nature of the induced crack damage. Next to this, the
+ COMAC factors, the strain energy evolution and the changes in
+ flexibility matrices are also examined as to their capability for
+ detection and location of damage in the RC beams, the strain energy
+ method appears to be more precise than the others. (C) 2002 Elsevier
+ Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ndambi, JM (Reprint Author), Royal Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn, Av Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
+ Royal Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
+ Royal Mil Acad, Dept Appl Mech, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00117-1}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0141-0296(01)00117-1}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{damage; dynamic system characteristics; reinforced concrete;
+ eigenfrequencies; MAC; COMAC; strain energy method; flexibility matrix}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{98}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{533YN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000174558000010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000178524500016,
+Author = {Ghadiri, M and Zhang, Z},
+Title = {{Impact attrition of particulate solids. Part 1: A theoretical model of
+ chipping}},
+Journal = {{CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Number = {{17}},
+Pages = {{3659-3669}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{A mechanistic model of impact attrition of particulate solids, having a
+ semi-brittle failure mode, has been developed. The model describes the
+ chipping mechanism, where the material loss from the particle is due to
+ the formation of the subsurface lateral cracks. Indentation fracture
+ mechanics is used to analyse the propagation of these cracks in order to
+ provide a base to estimate the rate of attrition. A dimensionless
+ attrition propensity parameter is derived from the above approach,
+ whereby the extent of breakage is related to the material properties and
+ impact conditions. It has the form:
+ {[}GRAPHICS]
+ where rho is the particle density, upsilon is the impact velocity, l is
+ a characteristic particle size, H is the hardness and K-c is the
+ fracture toughness. The experimental evaluation of the above model is
+ presented in Part 2, where the impact attrition of three materials has
+ been quantified and compared to the model predictions. (C) 2002 Elsevier
+ Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ghadiri, M (Reprint Author), Univ Leeds, Inst Particle Sci \& Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
+ Univ Leeds, Inst Particle Sci \& Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
+ ECC Int Technol Ctr, Sandersville, GA 31082 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00240-3}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0009-2509(02)00240-3}},
+ISSN = {{0009-2509}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELASTIC PLASTIC INDENTATION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE CRYSTALS; BRITTLE
+ MATERIALS; DAMAGE; FRACTURE; PARTICLES; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Chemical}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{97}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Chem. Eng. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{602VE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178524500016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000173397800007,
+Author = {Susmel, L and Lazzarin, P},
+Title = {{A bi-parametric Wohler curve for high cycle multiaxial fatigue
+ assessment}},
+Journal = {{FATIGUE \& FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{25}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{63-78}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a method for estimating high-cycle fatigue strength
+ under multiaxial loading conditions. The physical interpretation of the
+ fatigue damage is based on the theory of cyclic deformation in single
+ crystals. Such a theory is also used to single out those stress
+ components which can be considered significant for crack nucleation and
+ growth in the so-called Stage I regime. Fatigue life estimates are
+ carried out by means of a modified Wohler curve which can be applied to
+ both smooth and blunt notched components, subjected to either in-phase
+ or out-of-phase loads. The modified Wohler curve plots the fatigue
+ strength in terms of the maximum macroscopic shear stress amplitudes,
+ the reference plane - where such amplitudes have to be evaluated - being
+ thought of as coincident with the fatigue microcrack initiation plane.
+ The position of the fatigue strength curve also depends on the stress
+ component normal to such a plane and the phase angle as well. About 450
+ experimental data taken from the literature are used to check the
+ accuracy of the method under multiaxial fatigue conditions.}},
+Publisher = {{BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lazzarin, P (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, Stradella S Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.
+ Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.
+ Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, Padua, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00462.x}},
+ISSN = {{8756-758X}},
+Keywords = {{cyclic deformation; high cycle fatigue; multiaxial loads; notch; single
+ crystal}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LIFE PREDICTION; CRITICAL-PLANE; STRESS; CRITERION; STRENGTH; PHASE;
+ AMPLITUDE; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lazzarin, Paolo/I-1617-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lazzarin, Paolo/0000-0003-0963-7406}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{94}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{513UL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000173397800007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000176648000034,
+Author = {Fromme, P and Sayir, MB},
+Title = {{Detection of cracks at rivet holes using guided waves}},
+Journal = {{ULTRASONICS}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{1-8}},
+Pages = {{199-203}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Note = {{1st Ultrasonics International Conference, DELFT, NETHERLANDS, JUL 03-05,
+ 2001}},
+Abstract = {{Guided Lamb waves can be used for a fast inspection of large areas, e.g.
+ the detection of cracks at rivet holes in the fuselage of airplanes.
+ When the guided wave hits a discontinuity like a hole, a typical
+ scattered displacement field is obtained. A change of the scattered
+ field indicates the development of a crack. In the experiments, the
+ first anti-symmetric mode A(0) of Lamb waves in plates is excited
+ selectively by means of a piezoelectric transducer. The used frequency
+ range is below the cut-off frequencies of higher wave modes. The
+ scattered field around undamaged and damaged holes is measured on a grid
+ around the hole with a heterodyne laser interferometer. Two types of
+ damage are introduced: a notch cut with a very fine saw blade, and a
+ fatigue grown crack. A significant change in the scattered field due to
+ the defect is seen. Good agreement of the experimental results with
+ theoretical calculations is obtained, The wave propagation is studied
+ using Mindlin's theory of plates. The scattered field is calculated
+ analytically and using finite difference methods (FDMs). (C) 2002
+ Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fromme, P (Reprint Author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mech Syst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
+ Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mech Syst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00137-3}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0041-624X(02)00137-3}},
+ISSN = {{0041-624X}},
+Keywords = {{guided waves; Lamb wave; crack detection; scattering}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SCATTERING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine \& Medical Imaging}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine \& Medical Imaging}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Fromme, Paul/C-1879-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Fromme, Paul/0000-0001-5992-2526}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{8}},
+Times-Cited = {{87}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Ultrasonics}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{570FJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000176648000034}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000174896100008,
+Author = {Li, SF and Liu, WK and Rosakis, AJ and Belytschko, T and Hao, W},
+Title = {{Mesh-free Galerkin simulations of dynamic shear band propagation and
+ failure mode transition}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{1213-1240}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{A mesh-free Galerkin simulation of dynamic shear band propagation in an
+ impact-loaded pre-notched plate is carried out in both two and three
+ dimensions. The related experimental work was initially reported by
+ Kalthoff and Winkler (1987), and later re-examined by Zhou et al.
+ (1996a,b), and others.
+ The main contributions of this numerical simulation are as follows: (1)
+ The ductile-to-brittle failure mode transition is observed in numerical
+ simulations for the first time; (2) the experimentally observed dynamic
+ shear band, whose character changes with an increase of impact velocity,
+ propagating along curved paths is replicated; (3) the simulation is able
+ to capture the details of the adiabatic shear band to a point where the
+ periodic temperature profile inside shear band at mum scale can clearly
+ be seen; (4) an intense, high strain rate region is observed in front of
+ the shear band tip, which, we believe, is caused by wave trapping at the
+ shear band tip; it in turn causes damage and stress collapse inside the
+ shear band and provides a key link for self-sustained instability. (C)
+ 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, SF (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00188-3}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0020-7683(01)00188-3}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{adiabatic shear band; dynamic shear band propagation; crack propagation;
+ failure mode transition; mesh-free methods; strain localization; curved
+ shear band; multi-physics modeling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; LOADED PRENOTCHED PLATES; THERMOVISCOPLASTIC
+ MATERIALS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; LARGE-DEFORMATION; LOCALIZATION;
+ SOLIDS; PLASTICITY; CONTINUUM; SPECIMENS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Belytschko, Ted/B-6710-2009
+ Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009
+ Li, Shaofan/G-8082-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Li, Shaofan/0000-0002-6950-1474}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{71}},
+Times-Cited = {{84}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{539WY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000174896100008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000175954000015,
+Author = {Lawn, BR and Deng, Y and Lloyd, IK and Janal, MN and Rekow, ED and
+ Thompson, VP},
+Title = {{Materials design of ceramic-based layer structures for crowns}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{81}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{433-438}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Radial cracking has been identified as the primary mode of failure in
+ all-ceramic crowns. This study investigates the hypothesis that critical
+ loads for radial cracking in crown-like layers vary explicitly as the
+ square of ceramic layer thickness. Experimental data from tests with
+ spherical indenters on model flat laminates of selected dental ceramics
+ bonded to clear polycarbonate bases (simulating crown/dentin structures)
+ are presented. Damage initiation events are video-recorded in situ
+ during applied loading, and critical loads are measured. The results
+ demonstrate an increase in the resistance to radial cracking for
+ zirconia relative to alumina and for alumina relative to porcelain. The
+ study provides simple a priori predictions of failure in prospective
+ ceramic/substrate bilayers and ranks ceramic materials for best clinical
+ performance.}},
+Publisher = {{INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R}},
+Address = {{1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lawn, BR (Reprint Author), NIST, Mat Sci \& Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
+ NIST, Mat Sci \& Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
+ Univ Maryland, Dept Mat \& Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
+ Univ Med \& Dent New Jersey, Sch Dent, Newark, NJ 07103 USA.}},
+ISSN = {{0022-0345}},
+Keywords = {{dental ceramics; elastic modulus; hardness; fracture; layer structures;
+ material design; strength; toughness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BRITTLE COATINGS; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; DENTAL CERAMICS; FRACTURE;
+ DAMAGE; INDENTATION; THICKNESS; HERTZIAN; FATIGUE; MODES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Thompson, Van P/0000-0003-0033-0344}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIDCR NIH HHS {[}P01 DE10976]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{82}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Dent. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{558EU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000175954000015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000174746100001,
+Author = {Alfaiate, J and Wells, GN and Sluys, LJ},
+Title = {{On the use of embedded discontinuity elements with crack path continuity
+ for mode-I and mixed-mode fracture}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{69}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{661-686}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, strong discontinuities embedded in finite elements are
+ used to model discrete cracking in quasi-brittle materials. Special
+ attention is paid to (i) the constitutive models used to describe the
+ localized behaviour of the discontinuities, (ii) the enforcement of the
+ continuity of the crack path and (iii) mixed-mode crack propagation.
+ Different constitutive relations are adopted to describe the localized
+ behaviour of the discontinuities, namely two damage laws and one
+ plasticity law. A numerical algorithm is introduced to enforce the
+ continuity of the crack path. In the examples studied, an objective
+ dissipation of energy with respect to the mesh is found. Examples of
+ mode-I and mixed-mode crack propagation are presented, namely a double
+ notch tensile test and a single-edge notched beam subjected to shear. In
+ the former case different crack patterns are obtained depending on the
+ notch offset, in the latter case special emphasis is given to the effect
+ of shear on the global structural response. In particular, both the peak
+ load and the softening response of the structure are related to the
+ amount of shear tractions allowed to develop between crack faces. The
+ results obtained are compared to experimental results. As a general
+ conclusion, it is found that crack path continuity allows for the
+ development of crack patterns similar to those found in experiments,
+ even when reasonably coarse meshes are used. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Alfaiate, J (Reprint Author), Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal.
+ Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal.
+ Delft Univ Technol, Koiter Inst Delft, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00108-4}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0013-7944(01)00108-4}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{embedded discontinuity; crack path continuity; mixed-mode cracking}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SOFTENING CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SOLID MECHANICS;
+ FINITE-ELEMENT; LOCALIZATION; PLASTICITY; CONCRETE; BAND}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Alfaiate, Jorge/A-4650-2010
+ Wells, Garth/C-6375-2011
+ Sluys, Lambertus/B-2835-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wells, Garth/0000-0001-5291-7951
+ Alfaiate, Jorge/0000-0001-7046-7499}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{78}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{537ER}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000174746100001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000174848400010,
+Author = {Ladeveze, P and Lubineau, G},
+Title = {{An enhanced mesomodel for laminates based on micromechanics}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{62}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{533-541}},
+Note = {{12th National Meeting of the French-Association-for-Composite-Materials
+ (AMAC), CACHAN, FRANCE, NOV 15-17, 2000}},
+Organization = {{French Assoc Composite Mat}},
+Abstract = {{An enhanced version of the damage mesomodel for laminates (DML), which
+ has been developed over the last 15 years at Cachan, is introduced in
+ the light of the extensive work- both theoretical and experimental- in
+ micromechanics. The new mesomodel is fully compatible with classical
+ micromechanics models. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ladeveze, P (Reprint Author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan, 61 Ave President Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan, F-94235 Cachan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00145-2}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0266-3538(01)00145-2}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{laminates; composite; meso}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STIFFNESS REDUCTION; TRANSVERSE CRACKING; ELEMENTARY PLY; DELAMINATION;
+ COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{73}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{539AZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000174848400010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000177478000001,
+Author = {Berto, L and Saetta, A and Scotta, R and Vitaliani, R},
+Title = {{An orthotropic damage model for masonry structures}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{55}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{127-157}},
+Month = {{SEP 20}},
+Abstract = {{An orthotropic damage model specifically developed for the analysis of
+ brittle masonry subjected to in-plane loading is described. Four
+ independent internal damage parameters, one in compression and one in
+ tension for each of the two natural axes of the masonry, are defined
+ allowing the stiffness recovery at crack closure as well as the
+ different inelastic behaviour along each natural axis to be considered.
+ The damage field of the material is defined in terms of four equivalent
+ stresses and results, in the space of the in-plane effective stresses,
+ in a double pyramid with a rectangular base where the slopes of the
+ faces correspond to the internal friction angle of the material. The
+ equivalent stresses also control the growth of the damage parameters.
+ The returning path from the effective to the damaged stresses is given
+ by multiplication by a fourth-rank damage effect tensor, which is a
+ function of the damage parameters and of the effective stress state.
+ Mesh size regularization is achieved by means of an enhanced local
+ method taking into account the finite element size. Good agreement has
+ been found in the comparison between numerical results and experimental
+ data both for masonry shear panels and for a large-scale masonry holed
+ wall. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
+Address = {{BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vitaliani, R (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Construct \& Transportat, Via Marzolo 9, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
+ Univ Padua, Dept Construct \& Transportat, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
+ IUAV, Dept Architectural Construct, I-30135 Venice, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nme.495}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5981}},
+Keywords = {{masonry; orthotropy; damage model; finite element method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONCRETE STRUCTURES; BRICK MASONRY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Saetta, Anna/L-6902-2015
+ Scotta, Roberto/R-8034-2016
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Saetta, Anna/0000-0003-0796-8404
+ Scotta, Roberto/0000-0002-4388-1691
+ BERTO, LUISA/0000-0003-4588-245X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{68}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{584PZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177478000001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000177894700006,
+Author = {Hambli, R and Reszka, M},
+Title = {{Fracture criteria identification using an inverse technique method and
+ blanking experiment}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1349-1361}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{In order to optimize the blanking processes, it is important to identify
+ the conditions within the deforming workpiece which may lead to fracture
+ initiation and propagation. Within this framework, numerical simulations
+ are widely used in industries to optimize sheet metal forming processes.
+ However, in order to have a confidence in the results of such
+ simulations, an accurate material model is required. The accuracy of a
+ material model is affected by the constitutive equations and the values
+ of the material parameters. In order to reduce the danger of fracture of
+ metal parts during manufacturing processes, advanced optimal design
+ requires knowledge of critical values of some fracture criteria of the
+ material used. Experimental identification of fracture criteria are
+ currently obtained by performing several complicated tests and long
+ duration of experiments.
+ This study presents a computation methodology allowing for the
+ identification of critical values of fracture criteria in order to
+ simulate crack initiation and propagation generated by shearing
+ mechanisms, which are needed for metal blanking processes simulation.
+ The approach is based on inverse technique using circular blanking
+ experiments and finite element calibration model. The critical values of
+ fracture criteria are obtained in such a way that the finite element
+ force-penetration predicted curve fit the experimental plot deduced from
+ blanking tests. The numerical results obtained by the simulation were
+ compared with experimental ones to verify the validity of the proposed
+ technique for fracture criteria identification. (C) 2002 Elsevier
+ Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hambli, R (Reprint Author), ISTIA, LASQUO, 62 Ave Notre Dame du Lac, F-49000 Angers, France.
+ ISTIA, LASQUO, F-49000 Angers, France.
+ ENSAM, LPMI, F-49035 Angers, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7403(02)00049-8}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0020-7403(02)00049-8}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+Keywords = {{fracture criteria; inverse technique; blanking; finite element;
+ experiment}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE; SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{591RU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177894700006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000173957700002,
+Author = {Legorju-jago, K and Bathias, C},
+Title = {{Fatigue initiation and propagation in natural and synthetic rubbers}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{2-4}},
+Pages = {{85-92}},
+Month = {{FEB-APR}},
+Note = {{2nd International Conference on Fatigue of Composites, WILLIAMSBURG,
+ VIRGINIA, JUN 04-07, 2001}},
+Abstract = {{Elastomeric matrix composites are usually reinforced by mineral
+ particles such as carbon black and sometimes by long metallic or organic
+ fibers. In the absence of Fiber, rubbers can be considered as
+ nanocomposites. In service conditions, the fatigue damage of rubbers is
+ a combination of: (a) mechanical damage; (b) chemical damage; (c)
+ thermal damage. Experience shows that, in cyclic loading, rubbers are
+ damaged to the point of formation of one or several cracks which then
+ propagate. As for metal, it is recommended to study separately
+ initiation of cracks and then their propagation. Generally speaking, the
+ fatigue resistance is affected by chemical transformation such as
+ crystallisation. It means that compression loading is an important
+ factor. To show this effect, an axisymetric hour-glass shape specimen
+ (D=25 mm) is proposed to test rubbers. A large effect has been found of
+ the mean stress on the fatigue strength depending on the chemical
+ composition of the materials and of crystallisation transformation if it
+ appears. The crack growth rate is studied using linear fracture
+ mechanics as proposed earlier (Rivlin RS, Thomas AG. Rupture of rubber:
+ I. Characteristic energy for tearing. J Polymer Sci 1953;10(3):291). In
+ this case, the strain energy release rate G is substituted for the
+ concept of tearing energy T. The application of fracture mechanics to
+ elastomers generates some difficulties because of the important
+ deformability. In order to apply a tens ion-compression loading a thick
+ edge notched specimen is recommended with two lateral grooves (W=150 mm,
+ B=25 mm). For low values of DeltaT, a threshold can de defined depending
+ on the R ratio. It is shown that for a high R ratio the fatigue crack
+ would not propagate if the crystallisation transformation is high. In
+ contrast, if R=-1, the threshold disappears. A finite element simulation
+ of stresses and strains is presented in order to get a better
+ explanation of the experimental results. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier
+ Science Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bathias, C (Reprint Author), Conservatoire Natl Arts \& Metiers, ITMA, Dept Mech Engn, 2 Rue Conte, F-75003 Paris, France.
+ Conservatoire Natl Arts \& Metiers, ITMA, Dept Mech Engn, F-75003 Paris, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00062-7}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0142-1123(01)00062-7}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{rubbers; fatigue; complex loading}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{7}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{49}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{523MK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000173957700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000177189200003,
+Author = {Borg, R and Nilsson, L and Simonsson, K},
+Title = {{Modeling of delamination using a discretized cohesive zone and damage
+ formulation}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{62}},
+Number = {{10-11}},
+Pages = {{1299-1314}},
+Abstract = {{Delamination initiation and growth are analyzed by using a discrete
+ cohesive crack model. The delamination is constrained to grow along a
+ tied interface. The model is derived by postulating the existence of a
+ maximum load surface which limits the adhesive forces in the process
+ zone of the crack. The size of this maximum load surface is made
+ dependent on the amount of dissipated crack opening work, such that the
+ maximum load surface shrinks to zero as a predefined amount of work is
+ consumed. A damage formulation is used to reduce the adhesive forces.
+ Mode I, II and III loading or any combined loading is possible. An
+ analytical solution is obtained for a single mode opening and the
+ implications of this result on the governing equations is discussed. The
+ delamination model is implemented in the finite element code LS-DYNA and
+ simulation results are shown to be in agreement with experimental
+ results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Borg, R (Reprint Author), Linkoping Inst Technol, Div Solid Mech, Dept Mech Engn, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
+ Linkoping Inst Technol, Div Solid Mech, Dept Mech Engn, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00070-2}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0266-3538(02)00070-2}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{carbon fibers; laminates; delamination; crack}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK MODEL; COMPOSITE; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Simonsson, Kjell/0000-0002-8069-5396}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{579QK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000177189200003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000173371300001,
+Author = {Grondel, S and Delebarre, C and Assaad, J and Dupuis, JP and Reithler, L},
+Title = {{Fatigue crack monitoring of riveted aluminium strap joints by Lamb wave
+ analysis and acoustic emission measurement techniques}},
+Journal = {{NDT \& E INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{137-146}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Statistics show that fatigue crack development comes first and foremost
+ as a damage source in aerospace metallic structures. Currently,
+ widespread methods are available to inspect these structures, but they
+ are quite time-consuming, costly and require the structural system to be
+ idle. Next, attempts to develop damage detection integrated systems are
+ paramount for the safety and cost of such structures. This paper
+ describes an investigation into the feasibility of using an integrated
+ system based on Lamb waves in order to assess the integrity of riveted
+ aluminium, joints during cyclical loading. In this experimental
+ analysis, Lamb waves are excited and received outside the joint area
+ using piezoelectric transducers coupled onto the plates. The detected
+ damage is cracks in joint resulting from fatigue loading. The collected
+ signals on the piezoelectric transducers are analysed using Hilbert
+ transform and time-frequency analysis. It is shown that the final
+ interpretation of Lamb wave analysis may provide a means of sizing the
+ defects and following the crack development. In addition to that, an
+ acoustic emission system is used jointly with the Lamb wave analysis in
+ order to discuss results and damage development. Finally, it is
+ demonstrated that both methods can work together and the results
+ obtained are in good agreement. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Grondel, S (Reprint Author), Univ Valenciennes \& Hainaut Cambresis, Dept OAE, IEMN, CNRS,UMR 8520, F-59313 Le Mont Houy 9, Valenciennes, France.
+ Univ Valenciennes \& Hainaut Cambresis, Dept OAE, IEMN, CNRS,UMR 8520, F-59313 Le Mont Houy 9, Valenciennes, France.
+ Ctr Commun Rech, Dept Mat, EADS, F-92152 Suresnes, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0963-8695(01)00027-5}},
+ISSN = {{0963-8695}},
+Keywords = {{ultrasonic testing; Lamb waves; acoustic emissions; fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INSPECTION; NDE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{NDT E Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{513HC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000173371300001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000174181400010,
+Author = {Muhlstein, CL and Stach, EA and Ritchie, RO},
+Title = {{Mechanism of fatigue in micron-scale films of polycrystalline silicon
+ for microelectromechanical systems}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{80}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1532-1534}},
+Month = {{MAR 4}},
+Abstract = {{Reported nearly a decade ago, cyclic fatigue failure in silicon thin
+ films has remained a mystery. Silicon does not display the
+ room-temperature plasticity or extrinsic toughening mechanisms necessary
+ to cause fatigue in either ductile (e.g., metals) or brittle (e.g.,
+ ceramics and ordered intermetallics) materials. This letter presents
+ experimental evidence for the cyclic fatigue of silicon via a
+ conceptually different mechanism termed reaction-layer fatigue. Based on
+ mechanical testing, electron microscopy, and self-assembled monolayers,
+ we present direct observation of fatigue-crack initiation in
+ polycrystalline silicon, the mechanism of crack initiation, and a method
+ for altering fatigue damage accumulation. (C) 2002 American Institute of
+ Physics.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER INST PHYSICS}},
+Address = {{CIRCULATION \& FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
+ MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Muhlstein, CL (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1063/1.1455142}},
+ISSN = {{0003-6951}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; FRACTURE; STRESS;
+ OXIDATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Applied}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011
+ Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153
+ Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998
+ Muhlstein, Christopher/0000-0002-5928-068X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Phys. Lett.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{527HV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000174181400010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000175025000007,
+Author = {Nechnech, W and Meftah, F and Reynouard, JM},
+Title = {{An elasto-plastic damage model for plain concrete subjected to high
+ temperatures}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{597-611}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A computational model allowing for the thermo-mechanical analysis of
+ concrete structures at high temperatures by means of the finite element
+ method is presented. The degradation of a part of the mechanical
+ properties due to temperature is given through a diffused thermal damage
+ model. Further, the model includes transient creep interaction with
+ localized mechanical damage due to cracking. A comparison is made
+ between experimental tests performed by some authors on concrete
+ specimens at high temperatures and the numerical results obtained from
+ the model presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nechnech, W (Reprint Author), Inst Natl Sci Appl, URGC Struct, 34 Ave Arts, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Inst Natl Sci Appl, URGC Struct, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Genie Civil \& Urbanisme, F-77420 Champs Sur Marne, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00125-0}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0141-0296(01)00125-0}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{damage theory; plasticity; thermal; unilateral phenomenon;
+ thermo-mechanical interaction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIRE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{60}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{542CB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000175025000007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000174641000002,
+Author = {Lennon, AB and Prendergast, PJ},
+Title = {{Residual stress due to curing can initiate damage in porous bone cement:
+ experimental and theoretical evidence}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{311-321}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Residual stress due to shrinkage of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement
+ after polymerisation is possibly one factor capable of initiating cracks
+ in the mantle of cemented hip replacements. No relationship between
+ residual stress and observed cracking of cement has yet been
+ demonstrated. To investigate if any relationship exists, a physical
+ model has been developed which allows direct observation of damage in
+ the cement layer on the femoral side of total hip replacement. The model
+ contains medial and lateral cement layers between a bony surface and a
+ metal stem; the tubular nature of the cement mantle is ignored. Five
+ specimens were prepared and examined for cracking using manual tracing
+ of stained cracks, observed by transmission microscopy: cracks were
+ located and measured using image analysis. A mathematical approach for
+ the prediction of residual stress due to shrinkage was developed which
+ uses the thermal history of the material to predict when stress-locking
+ occurs, and estimates subsequent thermal stress. The residual stress
+ distribution of the cement layer in the physical model was then
+ calculated using finite element analysis. Results show maximum tensile
+ stresses normal to the observed crack directions, suggesting a link
+ between residual stress and preload cracking. The residual stress
+ predicted depends strongly on the definition of the reference
+ temperature for stress-locking. The highest residual stresses (4-7 MPa)
+ are predicted for shrinkage from maximum temperature, in this case,
+ magnitudes are sufficiently high to initiate cracks when the influence
+ of stress raisers such as pores or interdigitation at the bone/cement
+ interface are taken into account (up to 24 MPa when calculating stress
+ around a pore according to the method of Harrigan and Harris (J.
+ Biomech. 24(11) (1991) 1047-1058)). We conclude that the damage
+ accumulation failure scenario begins before weight-bearing due to
+ cracking induced by residual stress around pores or stress raisers. (C)
+ 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Prendergast, PJ (Reprint Author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00216-0}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0021-9290(01)00216-0}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9290}},
+Keywords = {{arthroplasty; numerical model; damage; intramedullary prostheses;
+ residual stress; cemented prostheses}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE; INTERFACE; ACCUMULATION; ARTHROPLASTY; PERFORMANCE; IMPLANT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Biophysics; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lennon, Alex/A-1133-2010}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lennon, Alex/0000-0003-2722-8227}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{59}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Biomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{535JG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000174641000002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000178411900010,
+Author = {Yam, LH and Li, YY and Wong, WO},
+Title = {{Sensitivity studies of parameters for damage detection of plate-like
+ structures using static and dynamic approaches}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{1465-1475}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, the sensitivities of static and dynamic parameters to
+ damage occurring in plate-like structures are investigated
+ systematically, and corresponding damage indices are proposed to analyse
+ their identification capabilities. For static analyses, damage indices
+ are formulated using the out-of-plane deflection, and its slope and
+ curvature based on a finite element model; for dynamic analyses, two
+ damage indices related to the curvature mode shape (CMS) and the strain
+ frequency response function (SFRF) are proposed. Compared with the
+ existing results, the effects of the numbers of the selected modes and
+ defective areas on the CMS index and the influence of the ``natural
+ frequency shift{''} on the SFRF index are investigated. Numerical
+ simulations and experimental tests are performed to verify the
+ identification capability of the proposed indices, and guidance on
+ selecting the proper parameters for damage detection is given. (C) 2002
+ Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yam, LH (Reprint Author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00094-9}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0141-0296(02)00094-9}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{sensitivity analysis; damage detection; damage index; static and dynamic
+ parameters; plate-like structures}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MODAL PARAMETERS; IDENTIFICATION; CRACK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Li, Yiyang/C-7372-2011
+ wong, on/N-2569-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{WONG, WAION/0000-0002-2248-5729
+ wong, wai on/0000-0003-3448-8836}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{600VF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178411900010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000179132400002,
+Author = {Li, WZ and Siegmund, T},
+Title = {{An analysis of crack growth in thin-sheet metal via a cohesive zone
+ model}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{69}},
+Number = {{18}},
+Pages = {{2073-2093}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{A cohesive zone model (CZM) is applied to crack growth in thin sheet
+ metal. CZM parameters are determined from results of global measurements
+ and micromechanical damage models. Crack propagation in constrained
+ center-cracked panels is analyzed to verify the choice of CZM
+ parameters. Special attention is paid to the interaction between
+ buckling and crack growth and to crack link-up in multi-site damaged
+ specimens. The good agreement found between the predicted and
+ experimental data demonstrates that the approach is attractive in
+ investigation of structural integrity of thin-walled structures and does
+ not require assumptions regarding the geometry and size dependence of
+ crack growth parameters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Siegmund, T (Reprint Author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
+ Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00013-9}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0013-7944(02)00013-9}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7315}},
+Keywords = {{crack growth; buckling; aluminum; cohesive zone model; FEM; crack tip
+ opening angle; multi-site-damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{I/III FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; DUCTILE FRACTURE; VOID NUCLEATION; DAMAGE;
+ PLATE; METHODOLOGY; COALESCENCE; SIMULATIONS; INTERFACE; CRITERION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{siegmund@ecn.purdue.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Siegmund, Thomas/B-6371-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Siegmund, Thomas/0000-0001-8162-9609}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
+Times-Cited = {{55}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{613KX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000179132400002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000174483700004,
+Author = {Tavares, LM and King, RP},
+Title = {{Modeling of particle fracture by repeated impacts using continuum damage
+ mechanics}},
+Journal = {{POWDER TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{123}},
+Number = {{2-3}},
+Pages = {{138-146}},
+Month = {{MAR 11}},
+Abstract = {{Damage mechanics is a field in the mechanics of solids that has evolved
+ significantly in the past few decades, particularly given its ability of
+ describing situations where traditional fracture mechanics becomes
+ either too complex or is unavailable. This paper exploits the link
+ between damage accumulation that takes place during a single impact and
+ the progressive weakening that occurs after repeated impact, ultimately
+ resulting in a broken particle. It associates the increase in internal
+ crack-like damage in the particle to the degradation of the material
+ stiffness. The model has been validated using experimental data from
+ repeated-impact tests on single particles in the ultrafast load cell
+ (UFLC). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tavares, LM (Reprint Author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, Cx Postal 68505, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
+ Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
+ Univ Utah, Dept Engn Met, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00438-7}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0032-5910(01)00438-7}},
+ISSN = {{0032-5910}},
+Keywords = {{impact; particle fractured; repeated impacting}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ACCUMULATION; BREAKAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Chemical}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Powder Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{532PF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000174483700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000178350400003,
+Author = {Li, CF and Hu, N and Yin, YJ and Sekine, H and Fukunaga, H},
+Title = {{Low-velocity impact-induced damage of continuous fiber-reinforced
+ composite laminates. Part 1. An FEM numerical model}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1055-1062}},
+Abstract = {{A numerical model for simulating the process of low-velocity impact
+ damage in composite laminates using the finite element method is
+ presented in this paper, i.e. Part I of this two part series on the
+ study of impact. In this model, the 9-node Lagrangian element of the
+ Mindlin plate with consideration of large deformation analysis is
+ employed. To analyze the transient response of the laminated plates, a
+ modified Newmark time integration algorithm previously proposed by the
+ authors is adopted here. We also proved that the impact process between
+ a rigid ball and laminated plates is a stiff system, therefore a kind of
+ A(a) stable method has been advocated here to solve the motion equation
+ of the rigid ball. Furthermore, various types of damages including
+ delamination, matrix cracking and fiber breakage, etc. and their mutual
+ influences are modeled and investigated in detail. To overcome the
+ difficulty of numerical oscillation or instability in the analysis of
+ the dynamic contact problem between delaminated layers using the
+ traditional penalty methods, we have employed dynamic spring constraints
+ to simulate the contact effect, which are added to the numerical model
+ by a kind of continuous penalty function. Moreover, an effective
+ technique to calculate the strain energy release rate based on the
+ Mindlin plate model is proposed, which can attain high precision.
+ Finally, some techniques of adaptive analyses have been realized for
+ improving the computational efficiency. Based on this model, a program
+ has been developed for numerically simulating the damage process of
+ cross-ply fiber-reinforced carbon/epoxy composite laminates under
+ low-velocity impact load. In Part II, this numerical model will be
+ verified by comparing with the experimental results. Also the impact
+ damage will be investigated in detail using this numerical approach. (C)
+ 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
+ Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
+ Tohoku Univ, Dept Aeronaut \& Space Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
+ Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00081-7}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S1359-835X(02)00081-7}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+EISSN = {{1878-5840}},
+Keywords = {{polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); fracture; impact behavior; finite
+ element analysis (FEA)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INDUCED DELAMINATION; CONTACT PROBLEMS; PREDICTION; PLATES; MECHANISMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{lichenfeng99@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Li, Chenfeng/0000-0003-0441-211X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{599TC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178350400003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000179128900002,
+Author = {Zhu, WC and Tang, CA},
+Title = {{Numerical simulation on shear fracture process of concrete using
+ mesoscopic mechanical model}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{16}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{453-463}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{The numerical simulation of the damage and fracture processes of
+ concrete structures has evolved considerably in the past years. In this
+ contribution, a newly proposed mechanical model is used to simulate the
+ fracture behavior of double-edge notched (DEN) and double central
+ notched (DCN) concrete specimens loaded in shear. In this numerical
+ model, the concrete is assumed to be a three-phase composite composed of
+ matrices, aggregates and rnatrix-aggregate interfaces. An elastic finite
+ element program is employed as the basic stress analysis tool while the
+ elastic damage mechanics is used to describe the constitutive law of
+ meso-level element. The maximum tensile strain criterion and
+ Mohr-Coulomb criterion are utilized as damage thresholds. The
+ heterogeneous stress field is obtained from numerical simulation, thus
+ it is found that heterogeneity of mechanical properties has significant
+ effect on the stress distribution in concrete. The crack propagation
+ processes simulated with this model shows good agreement with those of
+ experimental observations. It has been found that the shear fracture of
+ concrete observed at the macroscopic level is predominantly caused by
+ tensile damage at the mesoscopic level. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Northeastern Univ, Ctr Rock Instabil \& Seismic Res, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00096-X}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0950-0618(02)00096-X}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{numerical simulation; fracture process; elastic damage mechanics;
+ mesoscopic level}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ROCK FAILURE; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{wanchengzhu@263.net}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhu, Wancheng/A-5012-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhu, Wancheng/0000-0001-9912-2152}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{613JJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000179128900002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000178756500006,
+Author = {Bamnios, Y and Douka, E and Trochidis, A},
+Title = {{Crack identification in beam structures using mechanical impedance}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{256}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{287-297}},
+Month = {{SEP 12}},
+Abstract = {{The influence of a transverse open crack on the mechanical impedance of
+ cracked beams under various boundary conditions is investigated both
+ analytically and experimentally. It is shown that the driving-point
+ impedance changes substantially due to the presence of the crack and the
+ changes depend on the location and the size of the crack and on the
+ force location. Monitoring the change of the first antiresonance as a
+ function of the measuring location along the beam, a jump in the slope
+ of the plot in the vicinity of the crack occurs. The magnitude of the
+ jump depends on the crack size. Experimental results are presented from
+ tests on Plexiglas beams damaged at different locations and different
+ magnitudes and are found to be in good agreement with theoretical
+ predictions. Based on the results of the present work, an efficient
+ prediction scheme for accurate crack localization is proposed. (C) 2002
+ Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bamnios, Y (Reprint Author), TEI Thessaloniki, Fac Technol Applicat, Dept Elect, POB 14561, GR-54101 Thessaloniki, Greece.
+ TEI Thessaloniki, Fac Technol Applicat, Dept Elect, GR-54101 Thessaloniki, Greece.
+ Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Div Phys, Sch Technol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1006/jsvi.2001.4209}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CANTILEVER BEAM; LOCATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{606VZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000178756500006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000174732100097,
+Author = {Yasui, Y and Niino, H and Kawaguchi, Y and Yabe, A},
+Title = {{Microetching of fused silica by laser ablation of organic solution with
+ XeCl excimer laser}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{186}},
+Number = {{1-4}},
+Pages = {{552-555}},
+Month = {{JAN 28}},
+Note = {{Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society, STRASBOURG,
+ FRANCE, JUN 05-08, 2001}},
+Organization = {{European Mat Res Soc}},
+Abstract = {{By a laser-induced backside wet etching method using a pyrene/acetone
+ solution, a fused silica plate was etched upon irradiation with a
+ conventional XeCl excimer laser. The etch rate was about 50\% lower than
+ that obtained with a KrF excimer laser under the same experimental
+ conditions. The threshold fluence for etching was estimated to be below
+ 0.5 J cm(-2) and a typical etch rate was around 10 nm pulse(-1) at a
+ fluence of 1 J cm(-2). After producing the sample having the 10 mum
+ lines and space by irradiation with the first 200 pulses, the second 400
+ pulses were irradiated to the target sample rotated at right angle. As a
+ result, a square dotted pattern was given without damages for the first
+ etched pattern. Micrographs of the etched surfaces show that this
+ process is a remarkably gentle process free from crack and debris, and
+ favorable for microcrack-free etching of transparent materials. (C) 2002
+ Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yabe, A (Reprint Author), AIST, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci \& Technol, Photoreact Control Res Ctr, AIST Tsukuba Cent 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan.
+ AIST, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci \& Technol, Photoreact Control Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00635-3}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0169-4332(01)00635-3}},
+ISSN = {{0169-4332}},
+Keywords = {{microetching; laser ablation; excimer laser; fused silica; multiphotonic
+ absorption; pyrene}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MULTIPHOTONIC ABSORPTION; TRANSPARENT MATERIALS; PULSES; INCUBATION;
+ DOPANT; DAMAGE; LIQUID}},
+Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings \& Films; Physics,
+ Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kawaguchi, Yoshizo/K-9353-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Kawaguchi, Yoshizo/0000-0002-9509-8316}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Surf. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{536ZQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000174732100097}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000181134300001,
+Author = {Bonneau, F and Combis, P and Rullier, JL and Vierne, J and Pellin, M and
+ Savina, M and Broyer, M and Cottancin, E and Tuaillon, J and Pellarin, M
+ and Gallais, L and Natoli, JV and Perra, M and Bercegol, H and
+ Lamaignere, L and Loiseau, M and Donohue, JT},
+Title = {{Study of UV laser interaction with gold nanoparticles embedded in silica}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{803-815}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{In order to resolve problems concerning the understanding and the
+ control of laser-induced damage of silica optical elements, a
+ collaboration between the CEA and different university laboratories has
+ been undertaken. Ultra-pure silica model samples, seeded with gold
+ nanoparticles whose diameter did not exceed 5 nm, were prepared. The aim
+ in using these samples was to observe the mechanism of damage initiation
+ that could be attributed to inclusions of nanometric size. This paper
+ presents the different steps encountered during this study: preparation
+ of the samples, the laser-induced damage tests, the Nomarski and
+ atomic-force microscope observations of this damage and a series of
+ experiments using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer at Argonne National
+ Laboratory. The experimental data are then interpreted, and, in
+ particular, compared to numerical simulations. A very encouraging result
+ is the existence of a pre-damage phase at very low fluences that is not
+ detectable by classical optical devices. The experimental means
+ developed for such model samples should be transposable to the analysis
+ of industrial glasses.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER-VERLAG}},
+Address = {{175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bonneau, F (Reprint Author), CEA DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor \& Appl, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France.
+ CEA DAM Ile de France, Dept Phys Theor \& Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France.
+ Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
+ Univ Lyon 1, Ctr Agregat LASIM \& DPM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Inst Fresnel, F-13397 Marseille, France.
+ CEA, CESTA, Dept Lasers Puissance, F-33114 Le Barp, France.
+ CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00340-002-1049-7}},
+ISSN = {{0946-2171}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INDUCED DAMAGE SIMULATIONS; THIN-FILMS; IONIZATION; BREAKDOWN; SOLIDS;
+ DIELECTRICS; IRRADIATION; SURFACES; DEFECTS; CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Optics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Optics; Physics, Applied}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008
+ Cottancin, Emmanuel/M-4172-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768
+ }},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{648DJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000181134300001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000176274200018,
+Author = {Demos, SG and Staggs, M and Kozlowski, MR},
+Title = {{Investigation of processes leading to damage growth in optical materials
+ for large-aperture lasers}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED OPTICS}},
+Year = {{2002}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{18}},
+Pages = {{3628-3633}},
+Month = {{JUN 20}},
+Abstract = {{Damage growth in optical materials used in large-aperture laser systems
+ is an issue of great importance to determine component lifetime and
+ therefore cost of operation. Small size damage sites tend to grow when
+ exposed to subsequent high-power laser irradiation at 355 nm. An
+ understanding of the photo-physical processes associated with damage
+ growth is important to devise mitigation techniques. We examine the role
+ of laser-modified material and cracks formed in the crater of damage
+ pits in the damage growth process using fused-silica and deuterated KDP
+ samples. Experimental results indicate that both of the above-mentioned
+ features can initiate plasma formation at fluences as low as 2 J/cm(2).
+ The intensity of the recorded plasma emission remains low for fluences
+ up to approximately 5 J/cm(2) but rapidly increases thereafter,
+ accompanied by an increase of the size of the damage crater. (C) 2002
+ Optical Society of America.}},
+Publisher = {{OPTICAL SOC AMER}},
+Address = {{2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-411, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
+ Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1364/AO.41.003628}},
+ISSN = {{1559-128X}},
+EISSN = {{2155-3165}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INDUCED BREAKDOWN; SURFACES; DIELECTRICS; THRESHOLD; CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Optics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Optics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Optics}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{563UJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000176274200018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2003.bib b/data/WoS_export/2003.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61aecad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2003.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,1692 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000184892600001,
+Author = {Camanho, PP and Davila, CG and de Moura, MF},
+Title = {{Numerical simulation of mixed-mode progressive delamination in composite
+ materials}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{16}},
+Pages = {{1415-1438}},
+Abstract = {{A new decohesion element with the capability of dealing with crack
+ propagation under mixed-mode loading is proposed and demonstrated. The
+ element is used at the interface between solid finite elements to model
+ the initiation and non-self-similar growth of delaminations in composite
+ materials. A single relative displacement-based damage parameter is
+ applied in a softening law to track the damage state of the interface
+ and to prevent the restoration of the cohesive state during unloading.
+ The softening law is applied in the three-parameter Benzeggagh-Kenane
+ mode interaction criterion to predict mixed-mode delamination
+ propagation. To demonstrate the accuracy of the predictions,
+ steady-state delamination growth is simulated for quasi-static loading
+ of various single mode and mixed-mode delamination test specimens and
+ the results are compared with experimental data.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mech \& Durabil Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Analyt \& Computat Methods Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/002199803034505}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9983}},
+Keywords = {{delamination; interlaminar damage; decohesion elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ENERGY-RELEASE RATES; INTERFACE ELEMENTS; LAMINATED COMPOSITES;
+ FRACTURE; CRACK; PREDICTION; INITIATION; MECHANICS; SPECIMENS; CRITERIA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008
+ Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{59}},
+Times-Cited = {{403}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{100}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Compos Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{714BN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000184892600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000184323000001,
+Author = {Owolabi, GM and Swamidas, ASJ and Seshadri, R},
+Title = {{Crack detection in beams using changes in frequencies and amplitudes of
+ frequency response functions}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{265}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{1-22}},
+Month = {{JUL 31}},
+Abstract = {{In recent years, significant efforts have been devoted to developing
+ non-destructive techniques for damage identification in structures. The
+ work reported in this paper is part of an ongoing research on the
+ experimental investigations of the effects of cracks and damages on the
+ integrity of structures, with a view to detect, quantify, and determine
+ their extents and locations. Two sets of aluminum beams were used for
+ this experimental study. Each set consisted of seven beams, the first
+ set had fixed ends, and the second set was simply supported. Cracks were
+ initiated at seven different locations from one end to the other end
+ (along the length of the beam) for each set, with crack depth ratios
+ ranging from 0.1d to 0.7d (d is the beam depth) in steps of 0.1, at each
+ crack location. Measurements of the acceleration frequency responses at
+ seven different points on each beam model were taken using a dual
+ channel frequency analyzer.
+ The damage detection schemes used in this study depended on the measured
+ changes in the first three natural frequencies and the corresponding
+ amplitudes of the measured acceleration frequency response functions.
+ (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Swamidas, ASJ (Reprint Author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fac Engn \& Appl Sci, St Johns, NF A1B 3X5, Canada.
+ Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fac Engn \& Appl Sci, St Johns, NF A1B 3X5, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01264-6}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IDENTIFICATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{120}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{704DQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000184323000001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000180461800010,
+Author = {Pardoen, T and Hutchinson, JW},
+Title = {{Micromechanics-based model for trends in toughness of ductile metals}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{51}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{133-148}},
+Month = {{JAN 8}},
+Abstract = {{Relations between fracture toughness and microstructural details have
+ been calculated for ductile materials based on a dilatational plasticity
+ constitutive model that has recently been proposed. The model
+ generalizes the Gurson model to account for both void growth and
+ coalescence with explicit dependence on void shape and distribution
+ effects. Based on a small scale yielding formulation of crack growth,
+ toughness trends are determined as a function of yield stress,
+ strain-hardening, initial porosity, void shape and spacing as well as
+ void spacing anisotropy. Distinctions are drawn between the engineering
+ fracture toughness, which is typically associated with 0.2 mm of crack
+ growth, and the theoretical toughness based on coalescence of the crack
+ tip with the first void ahead of it. Comparison with one set of
+ experimental data for a steel is made for which a fairly complete
+ characterization of the microstructure is available. (C) 2002 Acta
+ Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pardoen, T (Reprint Author), Catholic Univ Louvain, PCIM, Dept Mat Sci \& Proc, Pl St Barbe 2, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Catholic Univ Louvain, PCIM, Dept Mat Sci \& Proc, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Harvard Univ, Div Engn \& Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00386-5}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{metals; fracture toughness; ductile; theory and modeling; voids}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH RESISTANCE; VOID GROWTH; FRACTURE; COALESCENCE; TIP;
+ PREDICTION; RUPTURE; DAMAGE; STEEL; SIZE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{pardoen@pcim.ucl.ac.be
+ hutchinson@husm.harvard.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hutchinson, John/B-1221-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hutchinson, John/0000-0003-2051-3105}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{116}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{636NG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180461800010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000186990600012,
+Author = {Lee, HT and Tai, TY},
+Title = {{Relationship between EDM parameters and surface crack formation}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{142}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{676-683}},
+Month = {{DEC 10}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a study of the relationship between EDM parameters
+ and surface cracks by using a full factorial design, based upon
+ discharge current and pulse-on time parameters. The study analyzes the
+ EDM machining of D2 and H13 tool steels as materials. The formation of
+ surface cracks is explored by considering surface roughness, white layer
+ thickness, and the stress induced by the EDM process. When the pulse
+ voltage is maintained at a constant value of 120 V, it is possible to
+ avoid the formation of cracks if machining is carried out with a pulse
+ current in the range of 12-16 A together with a pulse-on duration of 6-9
+ mus. Based upon the experimental results, this study establishes a crack
+ prediction map, and indicates whether or not cracks are likely to form
+ for a given pulse-on and pulse current combination. Its use will provide
+ a valuable aid in improving the quality of the EDM process. (C) 2003
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lee, HT (Reprint Author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
+ Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00688-5}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{EDM crack formation; white layer; surface roughness; residual stress}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TOOL STEELS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{htlee@mail.ncku.edu.tw}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
+Times-Cited = {{104}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{750KV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186990600012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000182889200001,
+Author = {Abu Al-Rub, RK and Voyiadjis, GZ},
+Title = {{On the coupling of anisotropic damage and plasticity models for ductile
+ materials}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{2611-2643}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{In this contribution various aspects of an anisotropic damage model
+ coupled to plasticity are considered. The model is formulated within the
+ thermodynamic framework and implements a strong coupling between
+ plasticity and damage. The constitutive equations for the damaged
+ material are written according to the principle of strain energy
+ equivalence between the virgin material and the damaged material. The
+ damaged material is modeled using the constitutive laws of the effective
+ undamaged material in which the nominal stresses are replaced by the
+ effective stresses. The model considers different interaction mechanisms
+ between damage and plasticity defects in such a way that two-isotropic
+ and two-kinematic hardening evolution equations are derived, one of each
+ for the plasticity and the other for the damage. An additive
+ decomposition of the total strain into elastic and inelastic parts is
+ adopted in this work. The elastic part is further decomposed into two
+ portions, one is due to the elastic distortion of the material grains
+ and the other is due to the crack closure and void contraction. The
+ inelastic part is also decomposed into two portions, one is due to
+ nucleation and propagation of dislocations and the other is due to the
+ lack of crack closure and void contraction. Uniaxial tension tests with
+ unloadings have been used to investigate the damage growth in high
+ strength steel. A good agreement between the experimental results and
+ the model is obtained. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Voyiadjis, GZ (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, CEBA 3508-B, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00109-4}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{anisotropic damage; damage mechanics; plasticity; thermodynamics;
+ isotropic hardening; kinematic hardening}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; INELASTIC BEHAVIOR;
+ MECHANICS MODEL; CONTINUUM; FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; SOLIDS;
+ ELASTOPLASTICITY; DECOMPOSITION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Abu Al-Rub, Rashid/B-3360-2009
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Abu Al-Rub, Rashid/0000-0003-1255-6949}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
+Times-Cited = {{103}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{678WG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000182889200001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000185054400005,
+Author = {Mariani, S and Perego, U},
+Title = {{Extended finite element method for quasi-brittle fracture}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{58}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{103-126}},
+Month = {{SEP 7}},
+Abstract = {{A methodology for the simulation of quasi-static cohesive crack
+ propagation in quasi-brittle materials is presented. In the framework of
+ the recently proposed extended finite element method, the partition of
+ unity property of nodal shape functions has been exploited to introduce
+ a higher-order displacement discontinuity in a standard finite element
+ model. In this way, a cubic displacement discontinuity, able to
+ reproduce the typical cusp-like shape of the process zone at the tip of
+ a cohesive crack, is allowed to propagate without any need to modify the
+ background finite element mesh. The effectiveness of the proposed method
+ has been assessed by simulating mode-I and mixed-mode experimental
+ tests. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Perego, U (Reprint Author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Struttale, Piazza L da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Struttale, I-20133 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nme.761}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5981}},
+Keywords = {{quasi-brittle fracture; extended finite element method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MIXED-MODE FRACTURE; CRACK-GROWTH; COHESIVE ELEMENTS; CONCRETE FRACTURE;
+ DAMAGE; DISCONTINUITY; SIMULATION; MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications}},
+Author-Email = {{umberto.perego@polimi.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{perego, umberto/F-3023-2013
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{perego, umberto/0000-0003-1454-5629
+ Mariani, Stefano/0000-0001-5111-9800}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{98}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{716XF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000185054400005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000183033200007,
+Author = {Huang, H and Liu, YC},
+Title = {{Experimental investigations of machining characteristics and removal
+ mechanisms of advanced ceramics in high speed deep grinding}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS \& MANUFACTURE}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{811-823}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Machining characteristics and surface integrity of advanced ceramics,
+ including alumina, alumina-titania, and yttria partially stabilized
+ tetragonal zirconia, were studied under high speed deep grinding
+ conditions. Material removal mechanisms involved in the grinding
+ processes were explored. The material removal in the grinding of alumina
+ and alumina-titania was dominated by grain dislodgement or lateral
+ cracking along grain boundaries. The removal for zirconia was via both
+ local micro fracture and ductile cutting. It was found that under a feed
+ rate of 500 mm/min and for all the wheel speeds used, an increase in the
+ wheel depth of cut (DOC) from 0.1-2 mm slightly improved the ground
+ surface finish, but greatly prolonged the wheel life. This increase did
+ not deepen the subsurface damage layer for the alumina and
+ alumina-titania, but resulted in a slightly deeper damage layer for the
+ zirconia. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Huang, H (Reprint Author), Singapore Inst Mfg Technol, 71 Nanyang Dr, Singapore 638075, Singapore.
+ Singapore Inst Mfg Technol, Singapore 638075, Singapore.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0890-6955(03)00050-6}},
+ISSN = {{0890-6955}},
+Keywords = {{advanced ceramics; removal mechanism; deep grinding; subsurface damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRENGTH; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Huang, Han/A-6025-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{93}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{681JN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000183033200007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000180597600013,
+Author = {Espinosa, HD and Zavattieri, PD},
+Title = {{A grain level model for the study of failure initiation and evolution in
+ polycrystalline brittle materials. Part II: Numerical examples}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Number = {{3-6}},
+Pages = {{365-394}},
+Month = {{MAR-JUN}},
+Note = {{Symposium on Experiments and Modeling of Failure of Modern Materials,
+ SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, JUN 27-29, 2001}},
+Abstract = {{Numerical aspects of the grain level micromechanical model presented in
+ part I are discussed in this study. They include, an examination of
+ solution convergence in the context of cohesive elements used as an
+ approach to model crack initiation and propagation; performance of
+ parametric studies to assess the role of grain boundary strength and
+ toughness, and their stochasticity, on damage initiation and evolution.
+ Simulations of wave propagation experiments, performed on alumina, are
+ used to illustrate the capabilities of the model in the framework of
+ experimental measurements. The solution convergence studies show that
+ when the length of the cohesive elements is smaller than the cohesive
+ zone size and when the initial slope of the traction-separation cohesive
+ law is properly chosen, the predictions concerning microcrack initiation
+ and evolution are mesh independent. Other features examined in the
+ simulations were the effect of initial stresses and defects resulting
+ from the material manufacturing process, Also described are conditions
+ on the selection of the representative volume element size, as a
+ function of ceramic properties. to capture the proper distance between
+ crack initiation sites. Crack branching is predicted in the case of
+ strong ceramics and sufficient distance between nucleation sites. Rate
+ effects in the extension of microcracks were studied in the context of
+ damage kinetics and fragmentation patterns. The simulations show that
+ crack speed can be significantly varied in the presence of rate effects
+ and as a result crack diffusion by nucleation of multiple sites
+ achieved, This paper illustrates the utilization of grain level models
+ to predict material constitutive behavior in the presence, or absence.
+ of initial defects resulting from material manufacturing. Likewise,
+ these models can be employed in the design of novel heterogeneous
+ materials with hierarchical microstructures, multi-phases and/ or
+ layers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Espinosa, HD (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0167-6636(02)00287-9}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0167-6636(02)00287-9}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THERMAL-EXPANSION; MICROCRACKING; CERAMICS; ANISOTROPY; FRACTURE;
+ SYSTEMS; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zavattieri, Pablo/B-1533-2008
+ Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{78}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{638XH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180597600013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000184129200001,
+Author = {Toda, H and Sinclair, I and Buffiere, JY and Maire, E and Connolley, T
+ and Joyce, M and Khor, KH and Gregson, P},
+Title = {{Assessment of the fatigue crack closure phenomenon in damage-tolerant
+ aluminium alloy by in-situ high-resolution synchrotron X-ray
+ microtomography}},
+Journal = {{PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{83}},
+Number = {{21}},
+Pages = {{2429-2448}},
+Month = {{JUL 21}},
+Abstract = {{Synchrotron X-ray microtomography has been utilized for the in-situ
+ observation of steady-state plane-strain fatigue crack growth. A
+ high-resolution experimental configuration and phase contrast imaging
+ technique have enabled the reconstruction of crack images with an
+ isotropic voxel with a 0.7 mum edge. The details of a crack are readily
+ observed, together with evidence of the incidence and mechanical
+ influence of closure. After preliminary investigations of the achievable
+ accuracy and reproducibility, a variety of measurement methods are used
+ to quantify crack-opening displacement (COD) and closure from the
+ tomography data. Utilization of the physical displacements of
+ microstructural features is proposed to obtain detailed COD data, and
+ its feasibility is confirmed. Loss of fracture surface contact occurs
+ gradually up to the maximum load. This is significantly different from
+ tendencies reported where a single definable opening level is
+ essentially assumed to exist. The closure behaviour is found to be
+ attributable mainly to pronounced generation of mode III displacement
+ which may be caused by local crack topology. Many small points of
+ closure still remain near the crack tip, suggesting that the near-tip
+ contact induces crack growth resistance. The effects of overloading are
+ also discussed.}},
+Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
+Address = {{4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Toda, H (Reprint Author), Univ Southampton, Mat Res Grp, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
+ Univ Southampton, Mat Res Grp, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
+ Inst Natl Sci Appl, Grp Etudes Met Phys \& Phys Mat, Unite Rec Associee 5510, CNRS, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1080/147864303100015754}},
+ISSN = {{1478-6443}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PHASE-CONTRAST MICROTOMOGRAPHY; TOMOGRAPHY; CT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sinclair, Ian/G-4201-2010
+ eric, maire/B-4296-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Connolley, Thomas/0000-0002-1851-3467
+ , eric/0000-0003-1952-2602}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{75}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Philos. Mag.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{700UH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000184129200001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000185054500016,
+Author = {Yatomi, M and Nikbin, KM and O'Dowd, NP},
+Title = {{Creep crack growth prediction using a damage based approach}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{80}},
+Number = {{7-8}},
+Pages = {{573-583}},
+Month = {{JUL-AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a numerical study of creep crack growth (CCG) in a
+ fracture mechanics specimen. The material properties used are
+ representative of a carbon-manganese steel at 360 degreesC and the
+ constitutive behaviour of the steel is described by a power law creep
+ model. A damage-based approach is used to predict the crack propagation
+ rate in a compact tension specimen and the data are correlated against
+ an independently determined C{*} parameter. Elastic-creep and
+ elastic-plastic-creep analyses are performed using two different crack
+ growth criteria to predict crack extension under plane stress and plane
+ strain conditions. The plane strain crack growth rate predicted from the
+ numerical analysis is found to be less conservative than the plane
+ strain upper bound of an existing ductility exhaustion model, for values
+ of C{*} within the limits of the present CCG testing standards. At low
+ values of C{*} the predicted plane stress and plane strain crack growth
+ rates differ by a factor between 5 and 30 depending on the creep
+ ductility of the material. However, at higher loads and C{*} values, the
+ plane strain crack growth rates, predicted using an
+ elastic-plastic-creep material response, approach those for plane
+ stress. These results are consistent with experimental data for the
+ material and suggest that purely elastic-creep modelling is unrealistic
+ for the carbon-manganese steel as plastic strains are significant at
+ relevant loading levels. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nikbin, KM (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, S Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0308-0161(03)00110-8}},
+ISSN = {{0308-0161}},
+Keywords = {{creep; crack growth; finite element analysis; multiaxiality; damage;
+ constraint}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE; MECHANICS; FAILURE; INITIATION; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{O'Dowd, Noel/B-6588-2008
+ MA&BE, Department/A-5579-2012
+ Irish Centre for Composites, Research (ICOMP)/D-4887-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{O'Dowd, Noel/0000-0001-5717-8561
+ }},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{75}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{716XG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000185054500016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000182967200031,
+Author = {Chen, X and Wang, R and Yao, N and Evans, AG and Hutchinson, JW and
+ Bruce, RW},
+Title = {{Foreign object damage in a thermal barrier system: mechanisms and
+ simulations}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{352}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{221-231}},
+Month = {{JUL 15}},
+Abstract = {{Experimental studies have been performed of foreign object damage (FOD)
+ imparted to a thermal barrier system under conditions representative of
+ those found in a turbine engine. The sub-surface damage has been
+ characterized by using the focused ion beam (FIB) imaging system. The
+ characterization reveals changes in the thermal barrier coating (TBC),
+ caused by particle impact. that confirm and elaborate previous
+ observations of FOD. These features include a permanent impression, a
+ zone of densification, shear bands penetrating from the impact site to
+ the interface with the bond coat, and delamination cracks extending away
+ from the impact in the TBC adjacent to the interface. The dimensions of
+ these features have been reported. A simulation procedure has been
+ devised and implemented. The simulations have been performed in
+ conjunction with a new non-dimensional analysis that allows the impact
+ and material variables to be grouped into the smallest possible
+ parameter set needed to characterize the stresses and projectile
+ velocities, as well as the impression and densification zone dimensions.
+ This parameterization provides explicit results for the stresses and
+ displacements that arise as the projectile characteristics and material
+ properties are varied over a range applicable to FOD in gas turbines. A
+ scaling relation has been derived from the stress field and the
+ penetration that relates the length of the interface delamination to the
+ impact and material variables. A comparison of the simulations with the
+ measurements indicates that the unknown impact velocity of the
+ projectile can be ascertained from the penetration depth if the yield
+ strength is known and vice versa. With this information, the scaling
+ relation for the size of the interface delamination indicates
+ consistency with the measured cracks. The implication is that
+ delamination can be suppressed by lowering the high temperature hardness
+ of the TBC and by increasing its toughness. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science
+ B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chen, X (Reprint Author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn \& Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
+ Harvard Univ, Div Engn \& Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
+ Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
+ GE Aircraft Engines, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00905-X}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+Keywords = {{thermal barrier coating; foreign object damage; mechanism; simulation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COATINGS; IMPACT; OXIDATION; CERAMICS; FAILURE; GROWTH; OXIDE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hutchinson, John/B-1221-2008
+ Chen, Xi/B-1539-2008
+ Yao, Nan/H-2423-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hutchinson, John/0000-0003-2051-3105
+ Chen, Xi/0000-0002-1263-1024
+ }},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{72}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{680GD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000182967200031}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000181136900005,
+Author = {Caceres, CH and Svensson, IL and Taylor, JA},
+Title = {{Strength-ductility behaviour of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys in T6 temper}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CAST METALS RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{15}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{531-543}},
+Abstract = {{A comparative study of the mechanical properties of 20 experimental
+ alloys has been carried out. The effect of different contents of Si, Cu,
+ Mg, Fe and Mn, as well as solidification rate, has been assessed using a
+ strength-ductility chart and a quality index-strength chart developed
+ for the alloys.
+ The charts show that the strength generally increases and the ductility
+ decreases with an increasing content of Cu and Mg. Increased Fe (at
+ Fe/Mn ratio 0.5) dramatically lowers the ductility and strength of low
+ Si alloys. Increased Si content generally increases the strength and the
+ ductility. The increase in ductility with increased Si is particularly
+ significant when the Fe content is high. The charts are used to show
+ that the cracking of second phase particles imposes a limit to the
+ maximum achievable strength by limiting the ductility of strong alloys.
+ The (Cu + Mg) content (at.\%), which determines the precipitation
+ strengthening and the volume fraction of Cu-rich and Mg-rich
+ intermetallics, can be used to select the alloys for given strength and
+ ductility, provided the Fe content stays below the Si-dependent critical
+ level for the formation of pre-eutectic alpha-phase particles or
+ beta-phase plates.}},
+Publisher = {{CASTINGS TECHNOLOGY INT}},
+Address = {{C/O REBECCA HODKIN, 7 EAST BANK RD, SHEFFIELD S2 3PT, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Caceres, CH (Reprint Author), Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Div Mat Engn, CRC Cast Met Mfg CAST, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
+ Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Div Mat Engn, CRC Cast Met Mfg CAST, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.}},
+ISSN = {{1364-0461}},
+Keywords = {{Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys; alloy A356; alloy A319; tensile strength;
+ tensile ductility; quality index; damage mechanisms; Fe-rich
+ intermetallics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; SILICON
+ PARTICLES; QUALITY INDEX; POROSITY; DEFORMATION; MODEL; IRON;
+ MICROSTRUCTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Taylor, John/A-6010-2008
+ Caceres, Carlos/M-6474-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Taylor, John/0000-0002-8311-848X
+ Caceres, Carlos/0000-0001-6521-2037}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{67}},
+Times-Cited = {{70}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Cast. Metals Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{648EN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000181136900005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000186913300002,
+Author = {Bahr, HA and Balke, H and Fett, T and Hofinger, I and Kirchhoff, G and
+ Munz, D and Neubrand, A and Semenov, AS and Weiss, HJ and Yang, YY},
+Title = {{Cracks in functionally graded materials}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{362}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{2-16}},
+Month = {{DEC 5}},
+Abstract = {{The weight function method is described to analyze the crack growth
+ behavior in functionally graded materials and in particular materials
+ with a rising crack growth resistance curve. Further, failure of graded
+ thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) under cyclic surface heating by laser
+ irradiation is modeled on the basis of fracture mechanics. The damage of
+ both graded and non-graded TBCs is found to develop in several distinct
+ stages: vertical cracking --> delamination --> blistering --> spalling.
+ This sequence can be understood as an effect of progressive shrinkage
+ due to sintering and high-temperature creep during thermal cycling,
+ which increases the energy-release rate for vertical cracks which
+ subsequently turn into delamination cracks. The results of finite
+ element modeling, taking into account the TBC damage mechanisms, are
+ compatible with experimental data. An increase of interface fracture
+ toughness due to grading and a decrease due to ageing have been measured
+ in a four-point bending test modified by a stiffening layer. Correlation
+ with the damage observed in cyclic heating is discussed. It is explained
+ in which way grading is able to reduce the damage. (C) 2003 Published by
+ Elsevier B.V.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Munz, D (Reprint Author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Zuverlassigkeit Maschinenbau, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
+ Dresden Univ Technol, Dept Engn Mech, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
+ Fraunhofer Inst Mat \& Beam Technol, D-01277 Dresden, Germany.
+ Tech Univ Darmstadt, Dept Mat Sci, D-64297 Darmstadt, Germany.
+ Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00582-3}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+Keywords = {{FGM; fracture mechanics; R-curve; residual stresses; TBC}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; NONHOMOGENEOUS
+ INTERFACIAL ZONE; AXISYMMETRICAL CRACK; GRADIENT MATERIAL; BONDED
+ MATERIALS; FRACTURE ENERGY; BEHAVIOR; SHOCK; LAYERS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Semenov, Artem Semenovich/H-8081-2013
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Semenov, Artem/0000-0002-8225-3487}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{65}},
+Times-Cited = {{65}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{40}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{749HF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186913300002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000184245100010,
+Author = {Grassi, M and Zhang, X},
+Title = {{Finite element analyses of mode I interlaminar delamination in z-fibre
+ reinforced composite laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{63}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1815-1832}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a detailed numerical study of the mode I
+ interlaminar fracture of carbon/epoxy composite laminates with z-fibre
+ reinforcement. The study was performed using a double cantilever beam
+ configuration. A finite element model was developed using thick-layered
+ shell elements to model the composite laminates and non-linear interface
+ elements to simulate the through thickness reinforcements. An existing
+ micro-mechanical solution was employed to model the material behaviour
+ of the interface element. The numerical analysis showed that z-fibre
+ pinning were effective in bridging delamination when damage had
+ propagated into the z-fibre field; these pins provided crack closure
+ forces that shielded the delamination crack from the full delaminating
+ force and moment due to applied loads. Therefore, the z-fibre technique
+ significantly improves the crack growth resistance and hence arrests or
+ delays delamination extension. The numerical results were validated
+ against experimental data. With reference to structural integrity this
+ technique can be used to design a more damage tolerant structure. (C)
+ 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, X (Reprint Author), Cranfield Univ, Sch Engn, Aerosp Engn Grp, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England.
+ Cranfield Univ, Sch Engn, Aerosp Engn Grp, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00134-9}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{z-fibre; fracture; delamination; fibre bridging; finite element analysis
+ (FEA)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DCB TEST; FRACTURE; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; MECHANICS; THICKNESS;
+ FAILURE; ENERGY; CRACK; LAW}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Xiang/0000-0001-8454-3931}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{64}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{702VK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000184245100010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000182143200012,
+Author = {Williams, KV and Vaziri, R and Poursartip, A},
+Title = {{A physically based continuum damage mechanics model for thin laminated
+ composite structures}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{2267-2300}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{The present work focuses on the development, implementation, and
+ verification of a plane-stress continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based
+ model for composite materials. A physical treatment of damage growth
+ based on the extensive body of experimental literature on the subject is
+ combined with the mathematical rigour of a CDM description to form the
+ foundation of the model. The model has been implemented in the
+ commercial finite element code, LS-DYNA and the results of the
+ application of the model to the prediction of impact damage growth and
+ its effects on the impact force histories in carbon fibre reinforced
+ plastic laminates are shown to be physically meaningful and accurate.
+ Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the material characterization
+ parameters can be extracted from the results of standard test
+ methodologies for which a large body of published data already exists
+ for many composite materials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vaziri, R (Reprint Author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Composites Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
+ Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Composites Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
+ Univ British Columbia, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, Composites Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
+ Def R\&D Canada Valcartier, Weapons Effects Sect, Struct Dynam \& Simulat Grp, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00016-7}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{continuum damage mechanics; constitutive model; composites; damage
+ growth; energy absorption; impact}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PREDICTING FAILURE; STIFFNESS REDUCTION; FIBER-COMPOSITES; FATIGUE;
+ CRACKING; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vaziri, Reza/N-2570-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Vaziri, Reza/0000-0001-5101-0661}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{61}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{665WA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000182143200012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000180076800006,
+Author = {Zou, Z and Reid, SR and Li, S},
+Title = {{A continuum damage model for delaminations in laminated composites}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{51}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{333-356}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Delamination, a typical mode of interfacial damage in laminated
+ composites, has been considered in the context of continuum damage
+ mechanics in this paper. Interfaces where delaminations could occur are
+ introduced between the constituent layers. A simple but appropriate
+ continuum damage representation is proposed. A single scalar damage
+ parameter is employed and the degradation of the interface stiffness is
+ established. Use has been made of the concept of a damage surface to
+ derive the damage evolution law. The damage surface is constructed so
+ that it combines the conventional stress-based and
+ fracture-mechanics-based failure criteria which take account of mode
+ interaction in mixed-mode delamination problems. The damage surface
+ shrinks as damage develops and leads to a softening interfacial
+ constitutive law. By adjusting the shrinkage rate of the damage surface,
+ various interfacial constitutive laws found in the literature can be
+ reproduced. An incremental interfacial constitutive law is also derived
+ for use in damage analysis of laminated composites, which is a
+ non-linear problem in nature. Numerical predictions for problems
+ involving a DCB specimen under pure mode I delamination and mixed-mode
+ delamination in a split beam are in good agreement with available
+ experimental data or analytical solutions. The model has also been
+ applied to the prediction of the failure strength of overlap
+ ply-blocking specimens. The results have been compared with available
+ experimental and alternative theoretical ones and discussed fully. (C)
+ 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, S (Reprint Author), UMIST, Dept Mech Aerosp \& Mfg Engn, POB 88,Sackville St, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England.
+ UMIST, Dept Mech Aerosp \& Mfg Engn, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0022-5096(02)00075-3}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0022-5096(02)00075-3}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{continuum damage mechanics; damage model; delmaination; laminated
+ composites; interface}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; IMPACT-INDUCED DELAMINATION; CRACK-GROWTH
+ RESISTANCE; INTERFACE MODELS; MIXED-MODE; INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE;
+ ELEMENT; PREDICTION; INITIATION; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{58}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{629XD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180076800006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000186843200006,
+Author = {Maddox, SJ},
+Title = {{Review of fatigue assessment procedures for welded aluminium structures}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{25}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1359-1378}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a review of methods and corresponding Codes and
+ Standards for the fatigue assessment of welded aluminium alloy
+ structures. Methods for the fatigue evaluation of welded aluminium
+ structures are assessed from the viewpoints of original design and
+ estimation of the residual life of existing structures. Based partly on
+ a literature search, but also reference to data used in the formulation
+ of recent fatigue design Standards, it goes on to review the information
+ available for such assessments in design or guidance specifications in
+ the light of relevant fatigue data. With regard to design
+ specifications, particular attention is focussed on recent fatigue data
+ obtained from structural components representative of actual structures.
+ Recommendations are made for future research. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Maddox, SJ (Reprint Author), TWI Ltd, Granta Pk, Cambridge CB1 6AL, England.
+ TWI Ltd, Cambridge CB1 6AL, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00063-X}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{alummium alloys; cumulative damage; design codes; experimental data;
+ fatigue design; fatigue crack growth; fitness for purpose; stress
+ analysis; structural fatigue tests; variable amplitude fatigue; welded
+ joints}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ALLOY I-BEAMS; COVER PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{52}},
+Times-Cited = {{57}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{748BX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186843200006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000184012200002,
+Author = {Lataste, JF and Sirieix, C and Breysse, D and Frappa, M},
+Title = {{Electrical resistivity measurement applied to cracking assessment on
+ reinforced concrete structures in civil engineering}},
+Journal = {{NDT \& E INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{36}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{383-394}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Non-destructive evaluation appears more and more important in the civil
+ engineering economic stakes, In this context electrical resistivity
+ measurements get sensitivity to parameters allowing to assess concrete
+ structures conditions. This article analyses the ability of the
+ resistivity measurement to study cracks in concrete. Its ability to
+ detect and to locate cracks and spalling is shown with on site
+ measurements on a damaged slab. Then specific studies on such disorders
+ allow to distinguish the influence of their characteristics.
+ The sensitivity of the method to cracks depth, according their moisture
+ conditions, is assessed by computation. Experimental works on a
+ reinforced concrete beam, ideally cracked, confirmed these results.
+ Some assumptions based on measurements realised on a size-one structural
+ component allow to assess the general influence of crack opening and
+ bridging degree between crack lips.
+ Qualitative results show the similar effects on measurement of various
+ cracking parameters. Prospective works presented in the paper lead us to
+ say that electrical resistivity method applied to civil engineering
+ structures is a relevant tool for the assessment of structural damage.
+ (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lataste, JF (Reprint Author), Univ Bordeaux 1, CDGA, Ave Fac, F-33405 Talence, France.
+ Univ Bordeaux 1, CDGA, F-33405 Talence, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0963-8695(03)00013-6}},
+ISSN = {{0963-8695}},
+Keywords = {{resistivity; concrete; crack; electrical; non-destructive evaluation}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{51}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{NDT E Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{698RH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000184012200002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000186292500018,
+Author = {Ghanem, F and Braham, C and Sidhom, H},
+Title = {{Influence of steel type on electrical discharge machined surface
+ integrity}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{142}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{163-173}},
+Month = {{NOV 10}},
+Abstract = {{This paper studies the influence of type of steel on electrical
+ discharge machined (EDM) surface integrity. Tests were performed with
+ two hardenable steels (tool steel type X155CrMoV12 and high carbon
+ content steel type C90) and two non-hardenable steels (austenitic
+ stainless steel type X2CrNiMo17-12-02 and ferritic stainless steel type
+ X6Cr17). Surface integrity was characterized by roughness,
+ micro-hardness, residual stress distribution and near surface damage.
+ In the case of hardenable steels, EDM leads to a structure of three
+ layers, white, martensite quenched and transition layers. High carbon
+ diffusion induces important near surface hardening and a high tensile
+ residual stress level that leading to crack generation.
+ In the case of non-hardenable steels, metallurgical transformations
+ result only on the formation of the recast layer with a dendritic
+ structure and a slight increase in grain size. Near surface hardening
+ due to carbon enrichment depends strongly on the initial structure (BCC
+ or FCC).
+ Finite element method has been used to assess temperature and residual
+ stress fields in the case of X2CrNiMo17-12-02 steel. Experimental and
+ calculated residual stress profiles were compared. It was found that the
+ shapes of the profiles are different in the surface layers and quite
+ similar in the deeper layers, and that the calculated residual stress
+ values are greater than those obtained experimentally. (C) 2003 Elsevier
+ Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Braham, C (Reprint Author), Ecole Natl Super Arts \& Metiers, CNRS, UMR 8006, Lab Microstruct \& Microelect Lab, 151 Bd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France.
+ Ecole Natl Super Arts \& Metiers, CNRS, UMR 8006, Lab Microstruct \& Microelect Lab, F-75013 Paris, France.
+ ESSTT, LAB STI 03, Lab Mecan Mat \& Procedes, Tunis 1008, Tunisia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00572-7}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{EDM; surface integrity; carbon diffusion; hardening; residual stress;
+ simulation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THEORETICAL-MODELS; MATERIAL REMOVAL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{738MM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186292500018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000183448700013,
+Author = {Scalerandi, M and Agostini, V and Delsanto, PP and Van Den Abeele, K and
+ Johnson, PA},
+Title = {{Local interaction simulation approach to modelling nonclassical,
+ nonlinear elastic behavior in solids}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{113}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{3049-3059}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Recent studies show that a broad category of materials share
+ ``nonclassical{''} nonlinear elastic behavior much different from
+ ``classical{''} (Landau-type) nonlinearity. Manifestations of
+ ``nonclassical{''} nonlinearity include stress-strain hysteresis and
+ discrete memory in quasistatic experiments, and specific dependencies of
+ the harmonic amplitudes with respect to the drive amplitude in dynamic
+ wave experiments, which are remarkably different from those predicted by
+ the classical theory. These materials have in common soft ``bond{''}
+ elements, where the elastic nonlinearity originates, contained in hard
+ matter (e.g., a rock sample). The bond system normally comprises a small
+ fraction of the total material volume, and can be localized (e.g., a
+ crack in a solid) or distributed, as in a rock. In this paper a model is
+ presented in which the soft elements are treated as hysteretic or
+ reversible elastic units connected in a one-dimensional lattice to
+ elastic elements (grains), which make up the hard matrix. Calculations
+ are performed in the framework of the local interaction simulation
+ approach (LISA). Experimental observations are well predicted by the
+ model, which is now ready both for basic investigations about the
+ physical origins of nonlinear elasticity and for applications to
+ material damage diagnostics. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America.}},
+Publisher = {{ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS}},
+Address = {{STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Scalerandi, M (Reprint Author), Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, Italy.
+ Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, Turin, Italy.
+ Katholieke Univ Leuven, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, Fac Sci, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
+ Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonlinear Elast Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1121/1.1570440}},
+ISSN = {{0001-4966}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAVE SPECTROSCOPY NEWS; BEREA SANDSTONE; SLOW DYNAMICS; PROPAGATION;
+ ROCK; HYSTERESIS; RELAXATION; MEMORY; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Audiology \& Speech-Language Pathology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Audiology \& Speech-Language Pathology}},
+Author-Email = {{scalerandi@polito.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Agostini, Valentina/A-9570-2009
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Agostini, Valentina/0000-0001-5887-1499
+ SCALERANDI, MARCO/0000-0003-0809-9976}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Acoust. Soc. Am.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{688RB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000183448700013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223094400003,
+Author = {Hao, S and Moran, B and Liu, WK and Olson, GB},
+Title = {{A hierarchical multi-physics model for design of high toughness steels}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{10}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{99-142}},
+Abstract = {{In support of the computational design of high toughness steels as
+ hierarchically structured materials, a multiscale, multiphysics
+ methodology is developed for a `ductile fracture simulator.' At the
+ nanometer scale, the method unites continuum mechanics with quantum
+ physics, using first-principles calculations to predict the
+ force-distance laws for interfacial separation with both normal and
+ plastic sliding components. The predicted adhesion behavior is applied
+ to the description of interfacial decohesion for both micron-scale
+ primary inclusions governing primary void formation and submicron-scale
+ secondary particles governing microvoid-based shear localization that
+ accelerates primary void coalescence. Fine scale deformation is
+ described by a `Particle Dynamics' method that extends the framework of
+ molecular dynamics to multi-atom aggregates. This is combined with other
+ meshfree and finite-element methods in two-level cell modeling to
+ provide a hierarchical constitutive model for crack advance, combining
+ conventional plasticity, microstructural damage, strain gradient effects
+ and transformation plasticity from dispersed metastable austenite.
+ Detailed results of a parallel experimental study of a commercial steel
+ are used to calibrate the model at multiple scales. An initial
+ application provides a Toughness-Strength-Adhesion diagram defining the
+ relation among alloy strength, inclusion adhesion energy and fracture
+ toughness as an aid to microstructural design.
+ The analysis of this paper introduces an approach of creative steel
+ design that can be stated as the exploration of the effective
+ connections among the five key-components: elements selection, process
+ design, micro/nanostructure optimization, desirable properties and
+ industrial performance by virtue of innovations and inventions.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hao, S (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Mat Technol Lab, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Mat Technol Lab, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1023/B:JCAD.0000036813.66891.41}},
+ISSN = {{0928-1045}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD;
+ PLANE-WAVE METHOD; KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; FREE GALERKIN METHODS;
+ CRACK-TIP; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONTINUUM
+ ANALYSIS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{suhao@northwestern.edu
+ olson@igor.tech.northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Moran, Brian/B-7033-2009
+ Olson, Gregory/B-7529-2009
+ Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{114}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{843OV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223094400003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000182129500002,
+Author = {Roberts, TM and Talebzadeh, M},
+Title = {{Fatigue life prediction based on crack propagation and acoustic emission
+ count rates}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{679-694}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The use of the acoustic emission technique to monitor fatigue crack
+ propagation in steel compact tension specimens and T-section girders is
+ described. Based on the correlations between crack propagation rates,
+ acoustic emission count rates and stress intensity factor range
+ procedures are suggested for predicting remaining fatigue life. It is
+ anticipated that the experimental techniques and theoretical procedures
+ developed will eventually be incorporated in a scientifically based
+ methodology for the inspection, monitoring, assessment and repair of
+ fatigue damaged structures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Roberts, TM (Reprint Author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Engn, POB 925, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales.
+ Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales.
+ Univ Shahrood, Shahrood, Iran.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0143-974X(02)00065-2}},
+ISSN = {{0143-974X}},
+Keywords = {{fatigue; acoustic emission; crack propagation; fatigue life prediction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Constr. Steel. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{665PH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000182129500002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000180714200008,
+Author = {Le Houerou, V and Sangleboeuf, JC and Deriano, S and Rouxel, T and
+ Duisit, G},
+Title = {{Surface damage of soda-lime-silica glasses: indentation scratch behavior}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{316}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{54-63}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Note = {{1st Conference on Flow and Fracture of Advanced Glasses, RENNES, FRANCE,
+ OCT 21-25, 2001}},
+Abstract = {{Contact mechanics problems are Of fundamental interest both to
+ understand the process of surface damage and matter removal in brittle
+ materials, and to develop a method to evaluate their scratch resistance.
+ In order to get insight into these problems in the case of
+ soda-lime-silica glasses, a classical indentation apparatus was used.
+ and an original scratch experimental setup was designed, allowing for a
+ monotonic loading (or unloading) of the indenter combined with a
+ controlled sliding of the specimen beneath the indenter. The influences
+ of the normal load, the moisture level and the glass composition have
+ been studied, and clear relationships were established between the glass
+ compositions and the indentation-scratching behavior. The indentation
+ and scratching characteristics such as the critical-crack-initiation
+ loads and the transition loads between the different scratch regimes
+ were correlated and interpreted in the light of the brittleness index
+ and structural considerations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Le Houerou, V (Reprint Author), Univ Rennes 1, UPRESJE 2310, LARMAUR, Bat 10B,Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France.
+ Univ Rennes 1, UPRESJE 2310, LARMAUR, F-35042 Rennes, France.
+ St Gobain Res, F-93303 Aubervilliers, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01937-3}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0022-3093(02)01937-3}},
+ISSN = {{0022-3093}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RADIAL CRACK SYSTEM; CERAMICS; TOUGHNESS; FRACTURE; HARDNESS;
+ DEFORMATION; RESISTANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{ICS, MPPS /F-8980-2011
+ Sangleboeuf, Jean-Christophe/N-7588-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{LE HOUEROU, Vincent/0000-0001-7189-242X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Non-Cryst. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{640XN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180714200008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000184885700033,
+Author = {Kruzic, JJ and Ritchie, RO},
+Title = {{Determining the toughness of ceramics from Vickers indentations using
+ the crack-opening displacements: An experimental study}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{86}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1433-1436}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Recently, a method for evaluating the fracture toughness of ceramics has
+ been proposed by Fett based on the computed crack-opening displacements
+ of cracks emanating from Vickers hardness indentations. To verify this
+ method, experiments have been conducted to determine the toughness of a
+ commercial silicon carbide ceramic, Hexoloy SA, by measuring the
+ crack-opening profiles of such Vickers indentation cracks. Although the
+ obtained toughness value of K-o = 2.3 MPa.m(1/2) is within 10\% of that
+ measured using conventional fracture toughness testing, the computed
+ crack-opening profiles corresponding to this toughness display poor
+ agreement with those measured experimentally, raising concerns about the
+ suitability of this method for determining the toughness of ceramics.
+ The effects of subsurface cracking and cracking during loading are
+ considered as possible causes of such discrepancies, with the former
+ based on direct observations of lateral subsurface cracks below the
+ indents.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER CERAMIC SOC}},
+Address = {{735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kruzic, JJ (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.}},
+ISSN = {{0002-7820}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RESISTANCE-CURVE BEHAVIOR; SILICON-CARBIDE; SYSTEM; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Ceramics}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008
+ Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998
+ Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Am. Ceram. Soc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{713YN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000184885700033}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000180965500001,
+Author = {Shipsha, A and Hallstrom, S and Zenkert, D},
+Title = {{Failure mechanisms and modelling of impact damage in sandwich beams - A
+ 2D approach: Part I - Experimental investigation}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES \& MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{5}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{7-31}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper addresses the effect of low velocity impact damage on
+ post-impact failure mechanisms and structural integrity of foam core
+ sandwich beams subjected to edgewise compression, shear and bending load
+ cases. The study deals with a 2D configuration, where a sandwich beam is
+ impacted by a steel cylinder across the whole width of the specimen. The
+ impact damage is characterised as indentation of the core with
+ sub-interface damage seen as a cavity while the GFRP faces remain
+ virtually unaffected by the impact. Digital speckle photography (DSP)
+ analysis is employed for in situ monitoring of crushing behaviour in the
+ foam core during static indentation of sandwich specimens.
+ The static shear strength of impact-damaged sandwich beams is compared
+ with specimens with fabricated sub-interface cracks of the same length.
+ DSP analysis reveals that the face-core interface in the peripheral
+ regions of 2D impact damage is not entirely separated. The crack analogy
+ is thus not fully representable since the surfaces remain bridged
+ resulting in higher strength, when compared with fabricated cracks. The
+ post-impact resistance to compressive loads is lower than for the
+ specimens with fabricated cracks due to the presence of the cavity and
+ the crushed core with reduced foundation stiffness support. The
+ properties of crushed foam core are experimentally determined as they
+ appear to be important for accurate modelling and analysis of the
+ residual strength of sandwich beams. Modelling and post-impact analysis
+ of the specimens with impact damage is elaborated in detail in part 11
+ of this study.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shipsha, A (Reprint Author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
+ Royal Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1106/109963603024584}},
+ISSN = {{1099-6362}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FOAM; COMPOSITE; CORE; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing;
+ Materials Science, Composites}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zenkert, Dan/0000-0002-9744-4550}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sandw. Struct. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{645FL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000180965500001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000185519800006,
+Author = {Jefferson, AD},
+Title = {{Craft - a plastic-damage-contact model for concrete. I. Model theory and
+ thermodynamic considerations}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{22}},
+Pages = {{5973-5999}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{A framework is described for the development of a thermodynamically
+ consistent plastic directional-damage-contact model for concrete. This
+ framework is used as a basis for a new model, named Craft, which uses
+ planes of degradation that can undergo damage and separation but which
+ can regain contact according to a contact state function. The
+ thermodynamic validity of the resulting model is considered in detail,
+ and is proved for certain cases and demonstrated numerically for others.
+ The model has a fully integrated plasticity component that uses a smooth
+ triaxial yield surface and frictional hardening-softening functions. A
+ new type of consistency condition is introduced for simultaneously
+ maintaining both local and global constitutive relationships as well as
+ stress transformation relationships. The introduction of contact theory
+ provides the model with the ability to simulate the type of delayed
+ aggregate interlock behavior exhibited by fully open crack surfaces that
+ subsequently undergo significant shear movement. The model has been
+ implemented in a constitutive driver program as well as a finite element
+ program. The model is assessed against a range of experimental data,
+ which includes data from uniaxial tension tests with and without
+ unloading-reloading cycles, tests in which cracks are formed and then
+ loaded in shear, and uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial compression tests.
+ (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jefferson, AD (Reprint Author), Cardiff Univ, Div Civil Engn, POB 925, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales.
+ Cardiff Univ, Div Civil Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00390-1}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{constitutive; damage; fracture; plasticity; concrete}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NONLINEAR-ANALYSIS; MICROPLANE MODEL; FORMULATION; STRESS;
+ ELASTOPLASTICITY; DEGRADATION; FRAMEWORK; BEHAVIOR; CRACKING; ENERGY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{jeffersonad@cf.ac.uk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{725AE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000185519800006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000184734200005,
+Author = {Taylor, D and Lee, TC},
+Title = {{Microdamage and mechanical behaviour: predicting failure and remodelling
+ in compact bone}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ANATOMY}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{203}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{203-211}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This paper reports on the development of a theoretical model to simulate
+ the growth and repair of microdamage in bone. Unlike previous theories,
+ which use simplified descriptions of damage, this approach models each
+ individual microcrack explicitly, and also models the basic
+ multicellular units (BMUs) that repair cracks. A computer simulation has
+ been developed that is capable of making a variety of predictions.
+ Firstly, we can predict the mechanical behaviour of dead bone in
+ laboratory experiments, including estimates of the number of cycles to
+ failure and the number and length of microcracks during fatigue tests.
+ Secondly, we can predict the results of bone histomorphometry, including
+ such parameters as BMU activation rates and the changing ratio of
+ primary to secondary bone during ageing. Thirdly, we can predict the
+ occurrence of stress fractures in living bone: these occur when the
+ severity of loading is so great that cracks grow faster than they can be
+ repaired. Finally, we can predict the phenomenon of adaptation, in which
+ bone is deposited to increase cortical thickness and thus prevent stress
+ fractures. In all cases results compare favourably with experimental and
+ clinical data.}},
+Publisher = {{BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Taylor, D (Reprint Author), Trinity Coll Dublin, Trinity Ctr Bioengn, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Trinity Coll Dublin, Trinity Ctr Bioengn, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Anat, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00194.x}},
+ISSN = {{0021-8782}},
+Keywords = {{compact bone; fracture mechanics; microdamage; remodelling; stress
+ fractures}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MICROCRACK GROWTH; FATIGUE DAMAGE; CORTICAL BONE; ACCUMULATION;
+ FRACTURE; MODEL; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Anatomy \& Morphology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Anatomy \& Morphology}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lee, Clive/D-3119-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Anat.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{711HU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000184734200005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000183738300014,
+Author = {Toyama, N and Noda, J and Okabe, T},
+Title = {{Quantitative damage detection in cross-ply laminates using Lamb wave
+ method}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{63}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1473-1479}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This paper investigates the effects of transverse cracking and
+ delamination on the S-0 mode velocity in GFRP and CFRP cross-ply
+ laminates. We found experimentally that both the stiffness and the
+ velocity decreased as the transverse crack density increased. In
+ contrast, the stiffness decreased but the velocity increased as the
+ delamination length increased. We analytically deduced the relationship
+ between the velocity and the crack density from a combination of a
+ shear-lag analysis and the classical plate theory. We also confirmed
+ that the Lamb wave propagated through the 0degrees layers in the
+ delaminated regions, and formulized the relationship between the
+ velocity and the delamination length. The predicted crack density and
+ delamination length using the measured velocity were in good agreement
+ with the experimental results. This method is simple and promising for
+ structural health monitoring of composite structures. (C) 2003 Elsevier
+ Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Toyama, N (Reprint Author), AIST, Smart Struct Res Ctr, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan.
+ AIST, Smart Struct Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan.
+ Tohoku Univ, Dept Aeronaut \& Space Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00163-5}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{polymer matrix-composites (PMCs); transverse cracking; delamination;
+ non-destructive testing; ultrasonics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BRAGG GRATING SENSORS; TRANSVERSE CRACKS; COMPOSITE PLATES; MATRIX
+ CRACKING; DELAMINATION; INITIATION; STIFFNESS; PROGRESS; FATIGUE; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{693VD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000183738300014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000182546600001,
+Author = {Chuzhoy, L and DeVor, RE and Kapoor, SG and Beaudoin, AJ and Bammann, DJ},
+Title = {{Machining simulation of ductile iron and its constituents, part 1
+ estimation of material model}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE
+ ASME}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{125}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{181-191}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A microstructure-level simulation model was recently developed to
+ characterize machining behavior of heterogeneous materials. During
+ machining of heterogeneous materials such as cast iron, the material
+ around the machining-affected zone undergoes reverse loading, which
+ manifests itself in permanent material softening. In addition, cracks
+ are formed below and ahead of the tool. To accurately simulate machining
+ of heterogeneous materials the microstmcture-level model has to
+ reproduce the effect of material softening on reverse loading (MSRL
+ effect) and material damage. This paper describes procedures used to
+ calculate the material behavior parameters for the aforementioned
+ phenomena. To calculate the parameters associated with the MSRL effect,
+ uniaxial reverse loading experiments and simulations were conducted
+ using individual constituents of ductile iron. The material model was
+ validated with reverse loading experiments of ductile iron specimens. To
+ determine the parameters associated with fracture of each constituent,
+ experiments and simulation of notched specimens are performed. During
+ the validation stage, response of simulated ductile iron was in good
+ agreement with the experimental data.}},
+Publisher = {{ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG}},
+Address = {{THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chuzhoy, L (Reprint Author), Caterpillar Inc, Ctr Tech, R\&D, Peoria, IL 61525 USA.
+ Caterpillar Inc, Ctr Tech, R\&D, Peoria, IL 61525 USA.
+ Univ Illinois, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1115/1.1557294}},
+ISSN = {{1087-1357}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{13}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{672WT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000182546600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000183212800005,
+Author = {Pires, FMA and de Sa, JMAC and Sousa, LC and Jorge, RMN},
+Title = {{Numerical modelling of ductile plastic damage in bulk metal forming}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2003}},
+Volume = {{45}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{273-294}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{This work addresses the computational aspects of a model for
+ rigid-plastic damage. The model is a modification of a previous
+ established model formulated by Perzyna (Recent Advances in Applied
+ Mechanics, Academic Press: New York, 1966, p. 243-377 (Chapter 9)) which
+ is here extended to include isotropic damage. Such an extension is
+ obtained by incorporating the constitutive equations introduced by
+ Lemaitre (J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 107 (1985) 83; Comput. Meth. Appl.
+ Mech. Eng. 51 (1985) 31; A Course on Damage Mechanics, Springer, Berlin,
+ Heidelberg, New York, 1996) for ductile plastic damage into the original
+ model. In its original version (J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 107 (1985) 83;
+ Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 51 (1985) 31) this model does not
+ distinguish tension and compression in the damage evolution law, so it
+ was necessary to introduce a refinement proposed by Ladeveze (in: J.P.
+ Boehler, (Ed.), Proceedings of CNRS International Colloquium 351
+ Villars-de-Lans, France (Failure Criteria of Structured Media, 1983, p.
+ 355) and Lemaitre (A Course on Damage Mechanics, Springer, Berlin,
+ Heidelberg, New York, 1996) which takes into account the partial crack
+ closure effect with isotropic damage. The accuracy of the computational
+ model, developed for the analysis of the material degradation in bulk
+ metal forming processes, is shown through the discussion of the results
+ of two examples, allowing to compare the simulation results with
+ experimental and numerical results obtained by other authors. (C) 2003
+ Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Sa, JMAC (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mech, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mech, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0020-7403(03)00051-1}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2162}},
+Keywords = {{bulk metal forming; damage mechanics; finite-element method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; BRITTLE MATERIALS; LOCAL APPROACH; FRACTURE;
+ MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{cesarsa@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Cesar de Sa, Jose/A-3826-2013
+ Natal Jorge, Renato/A-1597-2012
+ Andrade Pires, Francisco/J-8105-2015
+ Sousa, Luisa/O-8738-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Cesar de Sa, Jose/0000-0002-1257-1754
+ Natal Jorge, Renato/0000-0002-7281-579X
+ Andrade Pires, Francisco/0000-0002-4802-6360
+ Sousa, Luisa/0000-0002-8726-0942}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{684NE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000183212800005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2004.bib b/data/WoS_export/2004.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af37715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2004.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,2863 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000223451200002,
+Author = {Tua, PS and Quek, ST and Wang, Q},
+Title = {{Detection of cracks in plates using piezo-actuated Lamb waves}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{13}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{643-660}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for locating and determining
+ the extent of linear cracks in homogeneous plates based on the
+ time-of-flight analysis of Lamb wave propagation is proposed.
+ Piezoelectric sensors and actuators (PZTs) placed on a square grid
+ configuration are used to excite and receive direct and reflected waves.
+ The actuation frequency, spacing of PZTs and length of the signal to
+ analyze are first determined. The grid is used to sweep across the plate
+ to identify the location of a crack, if there is one. Elliptical loci of
+ possible crack positions are constructed based on the flight time of
+ crack-reflected waves estimated using energy spectra from the
+ Hilbert-Huang transform of the sensor signals. A detailed procedure for
+ obtaining the ellipses is described, including the blind zones. After
+ identifying the crack position, the crack orientation is determined by
+ varying the positions of the PZTs and observing the strength of the
+ energy peaks in the Hilbert spectra. This provides the basis for moving
+ the PZTs to estimate the extent of the crack. Experimental results
+ obtained using aluminum plates with through, half-through and concealed
+ cracks showed that the proposed method is feasible and accurate.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tua, PS (Reprint Author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil Engn, 1 Engn Dr 2,Block E1A,07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
+ Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/13/4/002}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0964-1726(04)77376-0}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FREQUENCY REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS; HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM;
+ RECTANGULAR NOTCH; DEFECTS; TRANSDUCERS; SPECTRUM; DAMAGE; MODES; BEAMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011
+ Wang, Quan/A-7931-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wang, Quan/0000-0002-9808-5035}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{132}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{848EV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223451200002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000187799000009,
+Author = {Andersson, T and Stigh, U},
+Title = {{The stress-elongation relation for an adhesive layer loaded in peel
+ using equilibrium of energetic forces}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{413-434}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{An experimental method to determine the stress-elongation relation for a
+ thin adhesive layer loaded in peel is presented. The method is based on
+ equilibrium of the energetic forces acting on a DCB-specimen. These
+ energetic forces are identified to be associated with the geometrical
+ positions of the acting loads and the start of the adhesive layer. The
+ first energetic force is shown to be given by the product of the force
+ and the rotation of the loading point. The second energetic force is
+ shown to be given by the area under the stress-elongation curve for the
+ adhesive layer. Using equilibrium of these energetic forces, the shape
+ of the stress-elongation curve is determined. A test set-up is developed
+ to facilitate the experiments. Special consideration is given to the
+ accuracy of the measurement of the elongation of the adhesive. Results
+ from two sets of experiments with slightly varying geometry are
+ presented. The main result is that the stress-elongation relation can be
+ described by a curve divided into three parts; initially the stress
+ increases proportionally to the elongation. This corresponds to a linear
+ elastic behaviour of the layer. The next part is given by a constant
+ limiting stress. The curve ends with a parabolically softening part.
+ After this point, a crack has been initiated in the adhesive. The
+ experimental results are first compared to an asymptotic analysis using
+ linear elastic fracture mechanics. This shows that the new method to
+ evaluate the fracture energy gives consistent results. The experiments
+ are also simulated using the measured stress-elongation law. Good
+ agreement with the experiments is achieved which further validates the
+ method. The fracture energy and the maximum peel stress are found to
+ agree well within each set of experiments. Some variation is found
+ between the two sets. This is accredited to differences in fracture
+ initiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All. rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Stigh, U (Reprint Author), Univ Skovde, Dept Engn Sci, POB 408, SE-54128 Skovde, Sweden.
+ Univ Skovde, Dept Engn Sci, SE-54128 Skovde, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.09.039}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{adhesive layer; stress-elongation relation; J-integral; experimental
+ method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MODE-II FRACTURE; BRIDGING LAWS; CRACK-GROWTH; BUTT JOINTS; R-CURVES;
+ COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Stigh, Ulf/0000-0003-0787-4942}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{132}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{760EQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000187799000009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000222737200008,
+Author = {Cai, M and Kaiser, PK and Tasaka, Y and Maejima, T and Morioka, H and
+ Minami, M},
+Title = {{Generalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds of
+ brittle rock masses near underground excavations}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{833-847}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The rock mass failure process is characterized by several distinct
+ deformation stages which include crack initiation, crack propagation and
+ coalescence. It is important to know the stress levels associated with
+ these deformation stages for engineering design and practice.
+ Extensive theoretical, experimental and numerical studies on the failure
+ process of intact rocks exist. It is generally understood that crack
+ initiation starts at 0.3 to 0.5 times the peak uniaxial compressive
+ stress. In confined conditions, the constant-deviatoric stress criterion
+ was found to describe the crack initiation stress level.
+ Here, generalized crack initiation and crack damage thresholds of rock
+ masses are proposed. The crack initiation threshold is defined by
+ sigma(1) - sigma(3) = A sigma(cm) and the crack damage threshold is
+ defined by sigma(1) - sigma(3) = B sigma(cm) for jointed rock masses,
+ where A and B are material constants and sigma(cm) is the uniaxial
+ compressive strength of the rock masses. For a massive rock mass without
+ joints, sigma(cm) is equal to sigma(cd), the long-term uniaxial strength
+ of intact rock. After examining data from intact rocks and jointed rock
+ masses, it was found that for massive to moderately jointed rock masses,
+ the material constants A and B are in the range of 0.4 to 0.5, 0.8 to
+ 0.9, respectively, and for moderately to highly jointed rock masses, A
+ and B are in the range of 0.5 to 0.6, 0.9 to 1.0, respectively. The
+ generalized crack initiation and crack damage thresholds, when combined
+ with simple linear elastic stress analysis, assist in assessing the rock
+ mass integrity in low confinement conditions, greatly reducing the
+ effort needed to obtain the required material constants for engineering
+ design of underground excavations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cai, M (Reprint Author), Laurentian Univ, MIRARCO, Geomech Res Ctr, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
+ Laurentian Univ, MIRARCO, Geomech Res Ctr, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
+ Tokyo Elect Power Serv Co Ltd, Dept Adv Engn, Tokyo, Japan.
+ Tokyo Elect Power Co Ltd, Dept Construct, Tokyo, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.02.001}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; WESTERLY GRANITE; FRACTURE;
+ COMPRESSION; STRENGTH; FAILURE; CONSTRUCTION; DEFORMATION; EVENTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{mcai@mirarco.org}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
+Times-Cited = {{125}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{54}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{838TW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222737200008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000221461700005,
+Author = {Nalla, RK and Kruzic, JJ and Ritchie, RO},
+Title = {{On the origin of the toughness of mineralized tissue: microcracking or
+ crack bridging?}},
+Journal = {{BONE}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{34}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{790-798}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Two major mechanisms that could potentially be responsible for
+ toughening in mineralized tissues, such as bone and dentin, have been
+ identified-microcracking and crack bridging. While evidence has been
+ reported for both mechanisms, there has been no consensus thus far on
+ which mechanism plays the dominant role in toughening these materials.
+ In the present study, we seek to present definitive experimental
+ evidence supporting crack bridging, rather than microcracking, as the
+ most significant mechanism of toughening in cortical bone and dentin. In
+ vitro fracture toughness experiments were conducted to measure the
+ variation of the fracture resistance with crack extension
+ {[}resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior] for both materials with special
+ attention paid to changes in the sample compliance. Because these two
+ toughening mechanisms induce opposite effects on the sample compliance,
+ such experiments allow for the definitive determination of the dominant
+ toughening mechanism, which in the present study was found to be crack
+ bridging for microstructurally large crack sizes. The results of this
+ work are of relevance from the perspective of developing a
+ micromechanistic framework for understanding fracture behavior of
+ mineralized tissue and in predicting failure in vivo. (C) 2004 Elsevier
+ Inc. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}},
+Address = {{360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ritchie, RO (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, 381 Hearst Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.bone.2004.02.001}},
+ISSN = {{8756-3282}},
+Keywords = {{bone; fracture; toughening; crack bridging; microcracking}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CURVE FRACTURE-MECHANICS; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS;
+ GROWTH RESISTANCE; BRITTLE MATERIALS; FATIGUE DAMAGE; PROPAGATION;
+ DENTIN; CERAMICS; SOLIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Endocrinology \& Metabolism}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Endocrinology \& Metabolism}},
+Author-Email = {{RORitchie@lbl.gov}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008
+ Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998
+ Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIDCR NIH HHS {[}5R01 DE015633]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{118}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Bone}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{821LI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221461700005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224516700013,
+Author = {Loutridis, SJ},
+Title = {{Damage detection in gear systems using empirical mode decomposition}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{26}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1833-1841}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{A method for monitoring the evolution of gear faults based on the newly
+ developed empirical mode decomposition scheme is presented. A
+ theoretical model for a gear pair with a tooth root crack was developed.
+ Experimental vibration signals from a test rig were decomposed into
+ oscillatory functions called intrinsic mode functions. An empirical law,
+ which relates the energy content of the intrinsic modes to the crack
+ magnitude, was established. The modal energy is thus associated with the
+ deterioration in gear condition and can be utilized for system failure
+ prediction. In addition, it is shown that the instantaneous frequency of
+ the vibration signal is a sensitive indicator of the existence of damage
+ in the gear pair. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Loutridis, SJ (Reprint Author), Technol Inst Larissa, Sch Tech Appl, Dept Elect Engn, GR-41110 Larisa, Greece.
+ Technol Inst Larissa, Sch Tech Appl, Dept Elect Engn, GR-41110 Larisa, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.07.007}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{gear failure; crack detection; empirical mode decomposition}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAVELET TRANSFORM; HILBERT SPECTRUM; SIGNALS; DEFECTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{loutridi@teilar.gr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{116}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{862UN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224516700013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000188091000013,
+Author = {Soden, PD and Kaddour, AS and Hinton, MJ},
+Title = {{Recommendations for designers and researchers resulting from the
+ world-wide failure exercise}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{64}},
+Number = {{3-4}},
+Pages = {{589-604}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE) contained a detailed assessment
+ of 19 theoretical approaches for predicting the deformation and failure
+ response of polymer composite laminates when subjected to complex states
+ of stress. The leading five theories are explored in greater detail to
+ demonstrate their strengths and weaknesses in predicting various types
+ of structural failure. Recommendations are then derived, as to how the
+ theories can be best utilised to provide safe and economic predictions
+ in a wide range of engineering design applications. Further guidance is
+ provided for designers on the level of confidence and bounds of
+ applicability of the current theories. The need for careful
+ interpretation of initial failure predictions is emphasised, as is the
+ need to allow for multiple sources of non-linearity (including
+ progressive damage) where accuracy is sought for certain classes of
+ large deformation and final failure strength predictions. Aspects
+ requiring further experimental and theoretical investigation are
+ identified. Direction is also provided to the research community by
+ highlighting specific, tightly focussed, experimental and theoretical
+ studies that, if carried out in the very near future, would pay great
+ dividends from the designer's perspective, by increasing their
+ confidence in the theoretical foundations. (C) 2003 QinetiQ Ltd.
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Soden, PD (Reprint Author), UMIST, Dept Mech Aerosp \& Mfg Engn, Manchester, Lancs, England.
+ UMIST, Dept Mech Aerosp \& Mfg Engn, Manchester, Lancs, England.
+ QinetiQ, Farnborough, Hants, England.
+ QinetiQ, Ft Halstead, Kent, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00228-8}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); laminates; failure theory}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-POLYMER COMPOSITES; PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES; PHENOMENOLOGICAL
+ MODELS; PROGRESSIVE FRACTURE; CRACK FORMATION; PLANE-STRESS; CRITERION;
+ STRENGTH; LAMINATE; DEFORMATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{peter.sodden@umist.ac.uk
+ askaddour@qinetiq.com
+ mjhinton@qintiq.com}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{114}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{763MY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188091000013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000189133000019,
+Author = {Lawn, BR and Pajares, A and Zhang, Y and Deng, Y and Polack, MA and
+ Lloyd, IK and Rekow, ED and Thompson, VP},
+Title = {{Materials design in the performance of all-ceramic crowns}},
+Journal = {{BIOMATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{25}},
+Number = {{14}},
+Pages = {{2885-2892}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Results from a systematic study of damage in material structures
+ representing the basic elements of dental crowns are reported. Tests are
+ made on model flat-layer specimens fabricated from various dental
+ ceramic combinations bonded to dentin-like polymer substrates, in
+ bilayer (ceramic/polymer) and trilayer (ceramic/ceramic/polymer)
+ configurations. The specimens are loaded at their top surfaces with
+ spherical indenters, in simulation of occlusal function. The onset of
+ fracture is observed in situ using a video camera system mounted beneath
+ the transparent polymer substrate. Critical loads to induce fracture and
+ deformation at the ceramic top and bottom surfaces are measured as
+ functions of layer thickness and contact duration. Radial cracking at
+ the ceramic undersurface occurs at relatively low loads, especially in
+ thinner layers. Fracture mechanics relations are used to confirm the
+ experimental data trends, and to provide explicit dependencies of
+ critical loads in terms of key variables: material-elastic modulus,
+ hardness, strength and toughness: geometric-layer thicknesses and
+ contact radius. Tougher, harder and (especially) stronger materials show
+ superior damage resistance. Critical loads depend strongly
+ (quadratically) on crown net thickness. The analytic relations provide a
+ sound basis for the materials design of next-generation dental crowns.
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lawn, BR (Reprint Author), Natl Inst Stand \& Technol, Mat Sci \& Engn Lab, Bldg 301, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
+ Natl Inst Stand \& Technol, Mat Sci \& Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
+ Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
+ NYU, Coll Dent, Div Basic Sci, New York, NY 10010 USA.
+ NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat \& Biomimet, New York, NY 10010 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.050}},
+ISSN = {{0142-9612}},
+Keywords = {{dental ceramics; crowns; materials design; plasticity; radial cracks}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BRITTLE-COATING STRUCTURES; LAYER STRUCTURES; DENTAL RESTORATIONS;
+ CLINICAL-EVALUATION; GENERAL-PRACTICE; DAMAGE MODES; FRACTURE; SURVIVAL;
+ DICOR; CRACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials}},
+Author-Email = {{brian.lawn@nist.gov}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012
+ Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586
+ Thompson, Van P/0000-0003-0033-0344}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIDCR NIH HHS {[}P01 DE10976]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{107}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Biomaterials}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{776TG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189133000019}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000188930700003,
+Author = {Zhu, WC and Tang, CA},
+Title = {{Micromechanical model for simulating the fracture process of rock}},
+Journal = {{ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{25-56}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{A micromechanical model is proposed to study the deformation and failure
+ process of rock based on knowledge of heterogeneity of rock at the
+ mesoscopic level. In this numerical model, the heterogeneity of rock at
+ the mesoscopic level is considered by assuming the material properties
+ in rock conform to the Weibull distribution. Elastic damage mechanics is
+ used to describe the constitutive law of meso-level elements, the finite
+ element method is employed as the basic stress analysis tool and the
+ maximum tensile strain criterion as well as the Mohr-Coulomb criterion
+ is utilized as the damage threshold. A simple method, similar to a
+ smeared crack model, is used for tracing the crack propagation process
+ and interaction of multiple cracks. Based on this model, a numerical
+ simulation program named Rock Failure Process Analysis Code (RFPA) is
+ developed. The influence of parameters that include the Weibull
+ distribution parameters, constitutive parameters of meso-level elements
+ and number of elements in the numerical model, are discussed in detail.
+ It is shown that the homogeneity index is the most important factor to
+ simulate material failure with this model. This model is able to capture
+ the complete mechanical responses of rock, which includes the crack
+ patterns associated with different loading stages and loading
+ conditions, localization of deformation, stress redistribution and
+ failure process. The numerical simulation of rock specimens under a
+ variety of static loading conditions is presented, and the results
+ compare well with experimental results.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN}},
+Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhu, WC (Reprint Author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Rock Instabil \& Seism Res, Box 138, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China.
+ Northeastern Univ, Ctr Rock Instabil \& Seism Res, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00603-003-0014-z}},
+ISSN = {{0723-2632}},
+Keywords = {{damage mechanics; rock; fracture process; heterogeneity; mesoscopic}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PART I; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BIAXIAL COMPRESSION; LOADING CONDITIONS;
+ BRITTLE ROCKS; FAILURE; DAMAGE; COALESCENCE; INITIATION; CONCRETE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{wanchengzhu@263.net
+ crisr@mail.neu.edu.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhu, Wancheng/A-5012-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhu, Wancheng/0000-0001-9912-2152}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{107}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{90}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Rock Mech. Rock Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{773NW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188930700003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224492900002,
+Author = {Giurgiutiu, V and Zagrai, A and Bao, JJ},
+Title = {{Damage identification in aging aircraft structures with piezoelectric
+ wafer active sensors}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{15}},
+Number = {{9-10}},
+Pages = {{673-687}},
+Month = {{SEP-OCT}},
+Note = {{13th International Conferenc on Adaptive Structures and Technologies,
+ POTSDAM, GERMANY, OCT 07-09, 2002}},
+Organization = {{German Aerosp Ctr; Inst Struct Mech; Ctr Excellence Adaptronik;
+ Leitprojekt Adaptronik; Maschinemarkt; New Mat Lower Saxony;
+ Piezomechanik GmbH}},
+Abstract = {{Piezoelectric wafer active sensors can be applied to aging aircraft
+ structures to monitor the onset and progress of structural damage such
+ as fatigue cracks and corrosion. Two main detection strategies are
+ considered: (a) the wave propagation method for far-field damage
+ detection; and (b) the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method for
+ near-field damage detection. These methods are developed and verified on
+ simple-geometry specimens, and then tested on realistic aging-aircraft
+ panels with seeded cracks and corrosion. The specimens instrumentation
+ with piezoelectric-wafer active sensors and ancillary apparatus is
+ presented. The experimental methods, signal processing, and damage
+ detection algorithms, tuned to the specific method used for structural
+ interrogation, are discussed. In the wave propagation approach, the
+ pulse-echo and acousto-ultrasonic methods were considered. Reflections
+ from seeded cracks were successfully recorded. In addition, acoustic
+ emission and low-velocity impact were also detected. In the E/M
+ impedance method approach, the high-frequency spectrum is processed
+ using overall-statistics damage metrics. The (1-R(2))(3) damage metric,
+ where R is the correlation coefficient, was found to yield the best
+ results. The simultaneous use of the E/M impedance method in the near
+ field and of the wave propagation method in the far field opens the way
+ for a comprehensive multifunctional damage detection system for aging
+ aircraft structural health monitoring.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Giurgiutiu, V (Reprint Author), Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
+ Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1045389X04038051}},
+ISSN = {{1045-389X}},
+Keywords = {{structural health monitoring; damage detection; embedded ultrasonics;
+ electromechanical impedance method; piezoelectric wafer active sensors;
+ PWAS; EMI; Lamb waves; guided waves; impedance; diagnostics; structural
+ health monitoring; aging aircraft}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IMPEDANCE METHOD}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{victorg@sc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bao, Jingjing/A-1473-2010
+ Giurgiutiu, Victor/F-1394-2011
+ GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bao, Jingjing/0000-0003-0294-6492
+ GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/0000-0001-8948-677X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{104}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{862LS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224492900002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223628600020,
+Author = {Lall, P and Islam, MN and Singh, N and Suhling, JC and Darveaux, R},
+Title = {{Model for BGA and CSP reliability in automotive underhood applications}},
+Journal = {{IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{585-593}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Fine-pitch ball grid array (BGA) and underfills have been used in benign
+ office environments and wireless applications for a number of years,
+ however their reliability in automotive underhood environment is not
+ well understood. In this work, the reliability of fine-pitch plastic
+ ball grid array (PBGA) packages has been evaluated in the automotive
+ underhood environment. Experimental studies indicate that the
+ coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as measured by thermomechanical
+ analyzer (TMA) typically starts to change at 10-15 degreesC lower
+ temperature than the T-g specified by differential scanning calorimetry
+ (DSC) potentially extending the change in CTE well into the accelerated
+ test envelope in the neighborhood of 125 degreesC. High T-g substrates
+ with glass-transition temperatures much higher than the 125 degreesC
+ high temperature limit, are therefore not subject to the effect of high
+ coefficient of thermal expansion close to the high temperature of the
+ accelerated test. Darveaux's damage relationships {[}1]-{[}3] were
+ derived on ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) assemblies, with predominantly
+ solder mask defined (SMD) pads and 62Sn36Pb2Ag solder. In addition to
+ significant differences in the crack propagation paths for the two pad
+ constructions, SMD pads fail significantly faster than the non solder
+ mask defined (NSMD) pads in thermal fatigue. The thermal mismatch on
+ CBGAs is much larger than PBGA assemblies. Crack propagation in CBGAs is
+ often observed predominantly on the package side as opposed to both
+ package and board side for PBGAs. In the present study, crack
+ propagation data has been acquired on assemblies with 15, 17, and 23 mm
+ size plastic BGAs with NSMD pads and 63Sn37Pb on high-T-g printed
+ circuit boards. The data has been benchmarked against Darveaux's data on
+ CBGA assemblies. Experimental matrix also encompasses the effect of
+ bis-maleimide triazine (BT) substrate thickness on reliability. Damage
+ constants have been developed and compared against existing Darveaux
+ Constants. Prediction error has been quantified for both sets of
+ constants.}},
+Publisher = {{IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC}},
+Address = {{445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lall, P (Reprint Author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, CAVE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
+ Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, CAVE, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
+ Amkor Technol Inc, Chandler, AZ 85248 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1109/TCAPT.2004.831824}},
+ISSN = {{1521-3331}},
+Keywords = {{ball grid array (BGA); bis-maleimide triazine (BT); ceramic ball grid
+ array (CBGA); coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE); non solder mask
+ defined (NSMD); plastic ball grid array (PBGA); thermomechanical
+ analyzer (TMA)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SOLDER JOINTS; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical \& Electronic;
+ Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{lall@eng.auburn.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Suhling, Jeffrey/M-8391-2014}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{81}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{850QX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223628600020}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000221385600036,
+Author = {Babout, L and Maire, E and Fougeres, R},
+Title = {{Damage initiation in model metallic materials: X-ray tomography and
+ modelling}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{52}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{2475-2487}},
+Month = {{MAY 3}},
+Abstract = {{Effects of matrix elastoplastic properties and reinforcement volume
+ fraction on damage initiation in model heterogeneous metals have been
+ studied using in Situ tensile tests coupled with high resolution X-ray
+ tomography. The materials consisted in two kinds of alurninium matrices
+ (commercially pure Al and A12124 alloy) reinforced by 4 vol\% or 20
+ vol\%,, of spherical hard ceramic particles. The main damage mechanisms
+ were found to change from particle/matrix interface decohesion to
+ particle cracking as the matrix got harder. Quantitative analyses of
+ experimental observations have been performed using the three
+ dimensional images. These measurements were linked to a Weibull
+ statistic based on different local mechanical quantities (stress, strain
+ or energy) calculated by Finite Element in the particle or at the
+ particle/matrix interface. The results obtained for particle cracking
+ confirmed that this damage mechanism is intrinsic to the chosen ceramic
+ reinforcement and the theoretical approach allowed to determine
+ mechanical parameters such as the particle critical stress. (C) 2004
+ Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Univ Manchester, Grosvenor St, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England.
+ Univ Manchester, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England.
+ Univ Manchester, Manchester Mat Sci Ctr, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England.
+ Inst Natl Sci Appl, CNRS, GEMPPM Lab, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2004.02.001}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{cracking; decohesion; finite element; spherical particles; tomography}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATRIX COMPOSITES; CAVITY FORMATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; FRACTURE;
+ DEFORMATION; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; COALESCENCE; PARTICULATE; INCLUSIONS;
+ NUCLEATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{l.babout@umist.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{eric, maire/B-4296-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{, eric/0000-0003-1952-2602}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{78}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{820JS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221385600036}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000225845800040,
+Author = {Guo, YB and Yen, DW},
+Title = {{A FEM study on mechanisms of discontinuous chip formation in hard
+ machining}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{155}},
+Number = {{2, SI}},
+Pages = {{1350-1356}},
+Month = {{NOV 30}},
+Abstract = {{Chip types in machining are determined by the combined effects of
+ workpiece material properties, cutting speed, and tool geometry. The
+ understanding of chip formation plays an important role in machining
+ process optimization and surface integrity. Discontinuous chips, one of
+ the major chip types, are usually formed in hard machining at high
+ speeds. In this study, a new method has been presented to simulate
+ discontinuous chips in high-speed machining AISI 4340 (32 HRc). The
+ workpiece material properties have been modeled using the Johnson-Cook
+ (JC) plasticity model, and material crack formation and propagation
+ simulated using the Johnson-Cook damage model. It has been shown that
+ discontinuous chip is due to the internal crack initiation and
+ propagation in front of the tool and above the cutting edge, rather than
+ from the free surface. The simulated chip morphology correlated well
+ with the experimental results. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Guo, YB (Reprint Author), Univ Alabama, Dept Engn Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
+ Univ Alabama, Dept Engn Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
+ Delphi E\&C Dayton Tech Ctr, Dayton, OH 45408 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.210}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{finite element analysis; discontinuous chips; hard machining}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SHEAR INSTABILITY; SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yguo@coe.eng.ua.edu
+ david.w.yen@delphi.com}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{75}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{881EI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225845800040}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000225127800048,
+Author = {Yi, JZ and Gao, YX and Lee, PD and Lindley, TC},
+Title = {{Effect of Fe-content on fatigue crack initiation and propagation in a
+ cast aluminum-silicon alloy (A356-T6)}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{386}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{396-407}},
+Month = {{NOV 25}},
+Abstract = {{The effect of Fe-content on the fatigue damage evolution in a cast
+ A356-T6 alloy was investigated both experimentally and through
+ microscale finite element simulations. High cycle fatigue tests
+ indicated that iron content has little influence on the fatigue life in
+ the short lifetime regime (<10(5) cycles) but it significantly reduces
+ the fatigue life in the long lifetime regime (>106-cycles). At high
+ applied stress levels in the short lifetime regime, fatigue life is
+ dominated by the crack propagation stage. The large plate-like Fe-rich
+ intermetallic particles in high Fe-content castings were observed
+ metallographically to retard the growth of small cracks through crack
+ branching and meandering. For the long lifetime regime, the crack
+ initiation stage is important. Fracture surface examination and finite
+ element analysis revealed that in the absence of other defects such as
+ porosity or oxide films, the large plate-like Fe-rich intermetallic
+ particles in high Fe-content castings promote crack initiation by
+ raising the stress-strain concentration in the eutectic region. Based on
+ experimental observations and finite element analysis, a
+ microstructure-based model was developed involving crack initiation and
+ propagation, which allows quantitative assessment of the influence of
+ Fe-content on the fatigue life. Good agreement was obtained between the
+ model and experimental results. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lee, PD (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2004.07.044}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+Keywords = {{cast aluminum-silicon alloy; fatigue; modeling; iron content;
+ microstructure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BEHAVIOR; POROSITY; MODEL; LIFE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{p.d.lee@imperial.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lee, Peter/R-2323-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lee, Peter/0000-0002-3898-8881}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{72}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{871JP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225127800048}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224840500001,
+Author = {Gao, YX and Yi, JZ and Lee, PD and Lindley, TC},
+Title = {{A micro-cell model of the effect of microstructure and defects on
+ fatigue resistance in cast aluminum alloys}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{52}},
+Number = {{19}},
+Pages = {{5435-5449}},
+Month = {{NOV 8}},
+Abstract = {{Six different, industrially important, casting situations containing an
+ array of typical microstructure and defects were investigated. Porosity,
+ secondary dendrite arm spacing, Al-matrix, Si-particles, and Fe-rich
+ intermetallics were experimentally identified as the major factors
+ affecting the alloy's resistance to fatigue. A micro-cell model was
+ developed to quantitatively investigate the effect of these factors on
+ fatigue resistance. The micro-cell captures the key microstructural
+ features and is embedded into a macro material element at the specimen
+ surface. A nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening law was used to
+ describe the cyclic plastic behavior of the Al-matrix. This model
+ enables the quantification of the accumulation and concentration of the
+ microscale plastic deformation induced during fatigue loading by
+ microstructural heterogeneities. The simulation results demonstrate that
+ microscale plastic damage could occur even when the maximum far-field
+ stress is below the nominal yield stress of the alloy. The degree of
+ fatigue damage, in terms of the accumulation of plastic damage
+ dissipation energy, was found to be sensitive to the microstructural
+ features. Fatigue strength was estimated using the model and found to be
+ in good agreement with experimental results. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia
+ Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lindley, TC (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mat, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.035}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{solidification microstructure; high cycle fatigue; aluminum alloys;
+ micromechanical modeling; finite element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK INITIATION; SILICON ALLOYS; INCLUSIONS; POROSITY; LIFE;
+ MICROPLASTICITY; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{t.lindley@imperial.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lee, Peter/R-2323-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lee, Peter/0000-0002-3898-8881}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
+Times-Cited = {{65}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{867KC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224840500001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223681800033,
+Author = {Pereira, AB and de Morais, AB},
+Title = {{Mode I interlaminar fracture of carbon/epoxy multidirectional laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{64}},
+Number = {{13-14}},
+Pages = {{2261-2270}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper reports an experimental study on the mode I interlaminar
+ fracture of carbon/epoxy multidirectional specimens with
+ 0degrees/thetadegrees delaminating interfaces. The suitability of the
+ double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens was first evaluated in
+ three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analyses, which addressed
+ possible elastic couplings associated problems. In the DCB tests,
+ extensive fibre bridging occurred as a result of transverse cracking of
+ theta-oriented plies. This complex damage morphology caused pronounced
+ R-curves with artificially high final values of the critical strain
+ energy release rate, G(1c). In these circumstances, G(1c) values of
+ initiation from the film generated starter crack were considered the
+ only true interlaminar properties. Moreover, they were found to be
+ fairly independent of the delaminating interface, a result that could be
+ interpreted in additional FE analyses concerning the interlaminar stress
+ field ahead of the crack tip. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Morais, AB (Reprint Author), Univ Aveiro, Dept Mech Engn, Campus Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
+ Univ Aveiro, Dept Mech Engn, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.03.001}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{polymer-matrix composites; fracture toughness; delamination; finite
+ element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; CANTILEVER BEAM SPECIMENS; CROSS-PLY
+ COMPOSITES; DCB; CRACKS; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{abm@mec.ua.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Morais, Alfredo/G-6707-2011
+ Research Unit, TEMA/H-9264-2012
+ Group, GAME/B-3464-2014
+ Pereira, A./A-8398-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Morais, Alfredo/0000-0002-3882-7789
+ Pereira, A./0000-0001-8342-5116}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{63}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{851JQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223681800033}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000220823700010,
+Author = {Caprino, G and Spataro, G and Del Luongo, S},
+Title = {{Low-velocity impact behaviour of fibreglass-aluminium laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{605-616}},
+Abstract = {{Low-velocity impact tests were performed on fibreglass-aluminium
+ composites made of 2024 T3 sheets and S2-glass/epoxy prepreg layers,
+ using an instrumented falling weight machine. For comparison purposes,
+ similar tests were carried out on monolithic 2024 T3 sheets of
+ equivalent thickness. In the tests, the impact speed, mass, and energy
+ were varied, to ascertain the influence of these parameters on the
+ material response. From the results obtained, the overall
+ force-displacement curve only depends on the impact energy, rather than
+ on the mass and speed separately. Further, the energy required for
+ penetration is higher for monolithic aluminium than for the
+ fibreglass-aluminium. However, the latter material seems to offer better
+ performance than carbon fibre- and glass fibre-reinforced laminates in
+ terms of penetration energy, damage resistance, and inspectability. The
+ main failure modes of fibreglass-aluminium were assessed by both
+ ultrasonic C-scan and chemical grinding of aluminium sheets. It was
+ found that the energy required for first failure is very low, whereas
+ the energy level resulting in first fibre failure is similar to that
+ inducing first cracking in the 2024 T3 sheets. From the experimental
+ data, simple empirical relationships were found for the calculation of
+ maximum contact force, energy, and residual displacement as a function
+ of the maximum displacement. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Caprino, G (Reprint Author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Mat \& Prod Engn, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy.
+ Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Mat \& Prod Engn, I-80125 Naples, Italy.
+ Alenia Aerosp SpA, I-80038 Pomigliano Arco, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.11.003}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{hybrid; impact behaviour; delamination; ultrasonics; mechanical testing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{AEROSPACE STRUCTURES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; CRACK-GROWTH; STRAIN-RATE;
+ STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Caprino, Giancarlo/C-7377-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{61}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{812EV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000220823700010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224677200004,
+Author = {Bhalla, S and Soh, CK},
+Title = {{Structural health monitoring by piezo-impedance transducers. II:
+ Applications}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{17}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{166-175}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper, the second in a two-part series, presents a new methodology
+ for structural identification and nondestructive evaluation by
+ piezo-impedance transducers. The theoretical development and
+ experimental validation of the underlying lead-zirconium-titanate
+ (PZT)-structure interaction model was presented in the first part. In
+ our newly proposed method, the damage in evaluated on the basis of the
+ equivalent system parameters ``identified{''} by the surface-bonded
+ piezo-impedance transducer. As proof of concept, the proposed method is
+ applied to perform structural identification and damage diagnosis on a
+ representative lab-sized aerospace structural component. It is then
+ extended to identify and monitor a prototype reinforced concrete bridge
+ during a destructive load test. The proposed method was found to be able
+ to successfully identify as well as evaluate damages in both the
+ structures.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bhalla, S (Reprint Author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil \& Environm Engn, Div Struct \& Mech, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
+ Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil \& Environm Engn, Div Struct \& Mech, Singapore 639798, Singapore.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2004)17:4}},
+ISSN = {{0893-1321}},
+Keywords = {{damage; cracking; impedance; concrete; reinforced; bridges; structural
+ reliability}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{sbhalla@pmail.ntu.edu.sg
+ csohck@ntu.edu.sg}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Soh, Chee-Kiong/A-3768-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bhalla, Suresh/0000-0002-3202-4379}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{13}},
+Times-Cited = {{60}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Aerosp. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{865BJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224677200004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000221268900010,
+Author = {de Moura, MFSF and Goncalves, JPM},
+Title = {{Modelling the interaction between matrix cracking and delamination in
+ carbon-epoxy laminates under low velocity impact}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{64}},
+Number = {{7-8}},
+Pages = {{1021-1027}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The use of interface finite elements and a damage model are proposed to
+ predict damage due to low velocity impact in carbon-epoxy (0(4), 90(4)),
+ laminates. Experimentally, some impact tests were performed using a drop
+ weight testing machine and a damage characterisation was done using
+ X-rays. Impact-induced delamination and matrix cracks were found to be
+ the most detrimental damage modes in laminated composites. The numerical
+ model developed is based on an interface finite element compatible with
+ three-dimensional solid elements, which allows to model delamination
+ between layers and matrix cracking inside layers. The damage model is
+ based on the indirect use of fracture mechanics considering a softening
+ stress-relative displacements equation and permits to simulate the
+ initiation and propagation of damage avoiding the definition of initial
+ flaws. The progressive damage model successfully simulated the
+ interaction between the crack due to bending and delamination. Good
+ agreement between experimental and numerical analysis for shape,
+ orientation and size of the delamination was obtained. (C) 2003 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Moura, MFSF (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mecan \& Gestao Ind, Rua Roberto Frias S-N, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mecan \& Gestao Ind, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.08.008}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); impact behaviour; computational
+ simulation; damage model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITE PLATES; DAMAGE; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{mfmoura@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{13}},
+Times-Cited = {{59}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{818UB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221268900010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000188384700043,
+Author = {Lee, HT and Hsu, FC and Tai, TY},
+Title = {{Study of surface integrity using the small area EDM process with a
+ copper-tungsten electrode}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{364}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{346-356}},
+Month = {{JAN 15}},
+Abstract = {{The present study performs the small area electro-discharge machining
+ (EDM) process with a low wear-rate copper-tungsten electrode of diameter
+ 1.5 mm to establish the influence of the EDM parameters on various
+ aspects of the surface integrity of AISI 1045 carbon steel. The residual
+ stress induced by the EDM process is measured using the Hole-Drilling
+ Strain-Gage Method. The experimental results reveal that the values of
+ material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), hole enlargement
+ (HE), average white layer thickness (WLT), and induced residual stress
+ tend to increase at higher values of pulse current and pulse-on
+ duration. However, for an extended pulse-on duration, it is noted that
+ the MRR, SR, and surface crack density all decrease. Furthermore, the
+ results indicate that obvious cracks are always evident in thicker white
+ layers. A smaller pulse current (i.e. 1 A) tends to increase the surface
+ crack density, while a prolonged pulse-on duration (i.e. 23 mus) widens
+ the opening degree of the surface crack, thereby reducing the surface
+ crack density. The EDM hole drilling process induces a compressive
+ residual stress within the workpiece. A linear relationship is
+ identified between the maximum residual stress and the average white
+ layer thickness. It is determined that the residual stress can be
+ controlled effectively by specifying an appropriate pulse-on duration.
+ (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lee, HT (Reprint Author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
+ Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tainan 701, Taiwan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2003.08.046}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+Keywords = {{copper-tungsten electrode; white layer; residual stress; Hole-Drilling
+ Strain-Gage Method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HOLE-DRILLING METHOD; RESIDUAL-STRESS MEASUREMENT; TOOL STEELS;
+ MICROSTRUCTURE; PARAMETERS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{htlee@mail.ncku.edu.tw}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{59}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{766PL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188384700043}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223894800003,
+Author = {Hajpal, M and Torok, A},
+Title = {{Mineralogical and colour changes of quartz sandstones by heat}},
+Journal = {{ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{3-4}},
+Pages = {{311-322}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Note = {{Joint Assembly of the EGS/AGU/EUG, Nice, FRANCE, APR 06-11, 2003}},
+Organization = {{EGS; AGU; EUG}},
+Abstract = {{Seven German and three Hungarian monumental sandstones have been tested
+ in laboratory conditions to analyse the effect of heat. The studied
+ quartz sandstones have a wide-range of cements and grain-sizes including
+ silica-, carbonate-, clay- and ferrous mineral-cemented varieties of
+ fine-, medium- to coarse-grained types. Cylindrical specimens were
+ heated up to 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900degreesC in an oven. The
+ mineralogical and textural changes were recorded and compared by using
+ microscopy, XRD, DTA-DTG and SEM. Colours and colour differences (a{*},
+ b{*}, L{*} values) were also measured and evaluated. Colour changes are
+ related to mineral transformations. The most intense colour change is
+ caused by the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals to hematite that takes
+ place up to 900degreesC. When temperature increases the green glauconite
+ becomes brownish while the chlorite changes to yellowish at first. The
+ colour of burnt sandstone is not a direct indicator of burning
+ temperature, since there are sandstones in which the burnt specimens are
+ lighter and less reddish than the natural ones. Porosity increase is
+ related to micro-cracking at grain boundaries (above 600degreesC) and
+ within the grains (at and above 750degreesC) and mineral
+ transformations. The clay mineral structure collapses at different
+ temperatures (kaolinite up to 600degreesC, chlorite above 600degreesC)
+ and leads to a slight increase in porosity. The most drastic change is
+ observed in calcite cemented sandstones where the carbonate structure
+ collapses at 750degreesC and CaO appears at 900degreesC. Subsequently it
+ is transformed to portlandite due to absorption of water vapour from the
+ air. This leads to the disintegration of sandstone at room temperature a
+ few days after the heat shock.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Torok, A (Reprint Author), Budapest Univ Technol \& Econ, Dept Construct Mat \& Engn Geol, Sztoczek 2, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
+ Budapest Univ Technol \& Econ, Dept Construct Mat \& Engn Geol, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
+ Budapest Univ Technol \& Econ, Lab Bldg Phys, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00254-004-1034-z}},
+ISSN = {{0943-0105}},
+Keywords = {{sandstone; quartz; mineralogy; heat; colour change}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION; FIRE; TEMPERATURE; MONUMENTS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Geology; Water Resources}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources}},
+Author-Email = {{torokakos@mail.bme.hu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Torok, Akos/H-9136-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Torok, Akos/0000-0002-5394-4510}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{57}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Environ. Geol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{854HX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223894800003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223158100004,
+Author = {Goyal, VK and Johnson, ER and Davila, CG},
+Title = {{Irreversible constitutive law for modeling the delamination process
+ using interfacial surface discontinuities}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{65}},
+Number = {{3-4}},
+Pages = {{289-305}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{An irreversible cohesive-decohesive constitutive law is postulated for
+ interfacial surface discontinuities to predict initiation and
+ progression of delamination. An exponential function is used for the
+ constitutive law that naturally satisfies a multi-axial stress criterion
+ for the onset of delamination and a mixed mode fracture criterion for
+ the progression of delamination. The constitutive equations are made
+ thermomechanically consistent by including a damage parameter to prevent
+ the restoration of the previous cohesive state between the interfacial
+ surfaces. To demonstrate the capability to predict delamination and the
+ irreversibility capability of the constitutive law, steady-state
+ delamination growth is simulated for quasi-static loading-unloading
+ cycle of various fracture test specimens. The finite element results are
+ in good agreement with either experimental data available in the
+ literature or with linear elastic fracture mechanics analytical
+ solutions which are valid for sufficiently long cracks. (C) 2003
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Goyal, VK (Reprint Author), POB 1528, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.
+ Virginia Polytech Inst \& State Univ, Dept Aerosp \& Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
+ NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.comstruct.2003.11.005}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{delamination; cohesive-decohesive; constitutive law; decohesion elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PROGRESSIVE DELAMINATION; ELEMENTS; SPECIMENS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{vigoyal@vt.edu
+ erjohns4@vt.edu
+ c.g.davila@larc.nasa.gov}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{844KW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223158100004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223681800034,
+Author = {Imielinska, K and Guillaumat, L},
+Title = {{The effect of water immersion ageing on low-velocity impact behaviour of
+ woven aramid-glass fibre/epoxy composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{64}},
+Number = {{13-14}},
+Pages = {{2271-2278}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Two different woven glass-aramid-fibre/epoxy laminates were subjected to
+ water immersion ageing followed by instrumented low velocity impact
+ testing. The hybrid aramid-glass reinforcement consisted of 10 plies of
+ woven aramid-glass-fibre fabric or alternatively aramid-fibre fabric
+ with glass-fibre fabric interlayers. The impacted plates were retested
+ statically in compression to determine residual strength for assessment
+ of damage tolerance. The maximum water absorption (4.1-4.4\%) and water
+ diffusion coefficients were found to be only slightly dependent on
+ reinforcement configuration. The delamination threshold load and impact
+ energy absorption were not significantly affected by the absorbed water.
+ Due to low fibre-matrix adhesion, the prevailing failure modes at low
+ impact energy were fibre/matrix debonding and interfacial cracking. The
+ compression strength suffered significant reductions with water absorbed
+ (28\%) and impact (maximum 42\%). The least sensitive to impact damage
+ were wet samples of interlaminated composite. The experimental results
+ of residual compression strength have been compared with predictions
+ based on a simple, empirical model. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Imielinska, K (Reprint Author), Gdansk Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Narutowicza 11-12, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
+ Gdansk Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
+ ENSAM, Lab Mat Endommagement Fiabilite \& Ingn Proc, F-33405 Talence, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.03.002}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{aramid fibre; durability; hygrothermal effect; impact behaviour;
+ scanning electron microscopy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FABRIC COMPOSITES; ENERGY-ABSORPTION; DAMAGE; PREDICTION; STRENGTH;
+ DELAMINATION; RESISTANCE; SEAWATER; MOISTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{kimielin@pg.gda.pl
+ l-guillaumat@lamef.bordeaux.ensam.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{53}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{851JQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223681800034}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000222817400009,
+Author = {Law, SS and Zhu, XQ},
+Title = {{Dynamic behavior of damaged concrete bridge structures under moving
+ vehicular loads}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{26}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1279-1293}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The dynamic behavior of damaged reinforced concrete bridge structures
+ under moving vehicular loads is studied. The vehicle is modeled as a
+ moving mass or by a four degrees-of-freedom system with linear
+ suspensions and tires flexibility, and the bridge is modeled as a
+ continuous Euler Bernoulli beam simply supported at both ends. The
+ damage may or may not be varying when the load is moving on top, and a
+ damage function representing either the open crack model or the
+ breathing model is used to model the crack zone in the reinforced
+ concrete beam. An experimental test is performed on a reinforced
+ concrete beam with Tee-section subjected to vehicular loadings to check
+ on the performance of the crack models. Effect of other parameters like
+ the moving speed of vehicle and road surface roughness are included in
+ the simulation study, and the dynamic deflection, relative frequency
+ change (RFC), absolute frequency change (AFC) and phase plot of the
+ responses are studied for their possible correlation with the damage
+ modeled as open crack or breathing crack. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Law, SS (Reprint Author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.04.007}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{moving load; bridge deck; dynamics; crack; non-linearities;
+ instantaneous frequency; beam; reinforced concrete; road surface
+ roughness; oscillator}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CARRYING CAPACITIES; CRACKED BEAM; VIBRATION; SUBJECT; CLOSURE; MODEL;
+ MASS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{cesslaw@polyu.edu.hk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhu, Xinqun/F-5210-2010}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhu, Xinqun/0000-0001-5083-9320}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{51}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{839XE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222817400009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223721700001,
+Author = {Massart, TJ and Peerlings, RHJ and Geers, MGD},
+Title = {{Mesoscopic modeling of failure and damage-induced anisotropy in brick
+ masonry}},
+Journal = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS A-SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{719-735}},
+Month = {{SEP-OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Masonry may be considered macroscopically as a periodic two-phase
+ material. The possible occurrence of cracking in each of the phases
+ leads to a complex mechanical behaviour. Most existing macroscopic
+ models defined for such materials are phenomenological and either
+ isotropic or orthotropic. In this paper, a scalar damage model is used
+ in a mesoscopic study to assess the need for incorporating
+ non-orthotropic induced anisotropy in macrocopic models. Based on unit
+ cell computations and homogenization techniques under a plane stress
+ assumption, it is shown that scalar damage meso-models allow to obtain
+ realistic in-plane damage patterns encountered in experiments. Results
+ suggest that at the meso-scale, it is possible to use a scalar damage
+ model for the individual phases which naturally leads to an overall
+ anisotropy evolution. This evolving macroscopic anisotropy is
+ illustrated using a numerical homogenization procedure to identify the
+ degraded stiffness associated to the obtained damage patterns. It is
+ shown that the characteristic anisotropic shape of experimental failure
+ envelopes for masonry may be reproduced by unit cell computations, as
+ far as in-plane failure mechanisms are concerned. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER}},
+Address = {{23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Massart, TJ (Reprint Author), Free Univ Brussels, Struct \& Mat Computat Mech CP 194 5, Av FD Roosevet 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
+ Free Univ Brussels, Struct \& Mat Computat Mech CP 194 5, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
+ Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.euromechsol.2004.05.003}},
+ISSN = {{0997-7538}},
+Keywords = {{masonry; damage-induced anisotropy; komogenization; failure envelope}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLANE-STRESS; HOMOGENIZATION; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{thmassar@smc.ulb.ac.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Peerlings, Ron/B-4188-2011
+ Geers, Marc/E-4385-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Geers, Marc/0000-0002-0009-6351}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{50}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eur. J. Mech. A-Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{851YF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223721700001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223678000017,
+Author = {Wang, QG},
+Title = {{Plastic deformation behavior of aluminum casting alloys A356/357}},
+Journal = {{METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
+ MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{35A}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{2707-2718}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Note = {{TMS/ASM Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, 2003}},
+Organization = {{TMS; ASM}},
+Abstract = {{The plastic deformation behavior of aluminum casting alloys A356 and
+ A357 has been investigated at Various solidification rates with or
+ without Sr Modification using monotonic tensile and multi-loop tensile
+ and compression testing. The results indicate that at low plastic
+ strains, the eutectic particle aspect ratio and matrix strength dominate
+ the work hardening, while at large plastic strains, the hardening rate
+ depends on secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS). For the alloys
+ studied, the average internal stresses increase very rapidly at small
+ plastic strains and gradually saturate at large plastic strains.
+ Elongated eutectic particles, small SDAS, or high matrix strength result
+ in a high saturation value. The difference in the internal stresses, due
+ to different microstructural features, determines the rate of eutectic
+ particle cracking and, in turn, the tensile instability of the alloys.
+ The higher the internal stresses, the higher the damage rate of particle
+ cracking and then the lower the Young's modulus. The fracture strain of
+ alloys A356/357 corresponds to the critical amount of damage by particle
+ cracking locally or globally, irrespective of the fineness of the
+ microstructure. In the coarse structure (large SDAS), this critical
+ amount of damage is easily reached, due to the clusters of large and
+ elongated particles, leading to alloy fracture before global necking.
+ However, in the alloy with the small SDAS, the critical amount of damage
+ is postponed until global necking takes place due to the small and round
+ particles. Current models for dispersion hardening can be used to
+ calculate the stresses induced in the particles. The calculations agree
+ well with the results inferred from the experimental results.}},
+Publisher = {{MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC}},
+Address = {{184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wang, QG (Reprint Author), Univ Queensland, CAST, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
+ Univ Queensland, CAST, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
+ Gen Motors Corp, Pontiac, MI 48340 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11661-004-0216-3}},
+ISSN = {{1073-5623}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES; INTERNAL STRESSES; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; SILICON
+ PARTICLES; COPPER-SILICA; MG; DAMAGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRAIN; RELAXATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{Qigui.Wang@gm.com}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{851IE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223678000017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224016900008,
+Author = {Fu, YF and Wong, YL and Poon, CS and Tang, CA and Lin, P},
+Title = {{Experimental study of micro/macro crack development and stress-strain
+ relations of cement-based composite materials at elevated temperatures}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{34}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{789-797}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents the results of observations of scanning electron
+ microscope (SEM) micro/macro crack development and simultaneous
+ measurements of temperature-dependent stress-strain relations of
+ hardened cement pastes (HCP) and mortar under a steady thermal state (up
+ to 500 degreesC) and a displacement-controlled loading process. The
+ experimental results showed that the thermal damage of HCP was not only
+ due to the recognized decomposition of the hydration products but also
+ to the formation of dehydration-induced microcracks. These damage
+ mechanisms, together with three other types of macrocracks arisen from
+ the mismatch of expansion/shrinkage between the phase materials (HCP and
+ aggregates) contributed to the thermal damage of the mortar. By
+ comparing the evolution of the stress-strain curves for the HCP and the
+ companion mortar specimens, the effects of the damage mechanisms could
+ be separately quantified. In this study, the thermal damage of the
+ mortar specimens was largely caused by the thermal mismatch mechanism.
+ (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wong, YL (Reprint Author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Northeastern Univ, CRISR, Shenyang 110006, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
+ Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Hydraul \& Hydroelect Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.08.029}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{temperature; crack; stress-strain relation; decomposition; SEM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONCRETE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ceylwong@inet.polyu.edu.hk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010
+ Poon, Chi Sun/H-4152-2015}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{856AV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224016900008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224698700004,
+Author = {Saanouni, K and Mariage, JF and Cherouat, A and Lestriez, P},
+Title = {{Numerical prediction of discontinuous central bursting in axisymmetric
+ forward extrusion by continuum damage mechanics}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTERS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{82}},
+Number = {{27}},
+Pages = {{2309-2332}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{The prediction of the central burst defects in axisymmetric cold
+ extrusion is analyzed numerically by using 2D finite element analysis
+ (FEA) accounting for the ductile damage effect. The coupling between the
+ ductile damage and the thermoelastoplastic constitutive equations is
+ formulated in the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible
+ processes together with the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) theory. A
+ simple isotropic ductile damage model is fully coupled with
+ thermoelastoplastic constitutive equations of Prandtl-Reuss type
+ including non-linear isotropic hardening and thermal effects. A modified
+ ductile damage criterion based on linear combination of the stress
+ tensor invariants is proposed in order to predict the occurrence of
+ micro-crack initiation as a discontinuous central bursts along the bar
+ axis. The implicit integration scheme of the fully coupled constitutive
+ equations and the iterative resolution scheme to solve the associated
+ thermomechanical equilibrium problem are presented. A three fields
+ (velocity, hydrostatic pressure and temperature) variational formulation
+ is used to solve the resulting algebraic system. The effects of various
+ process parameters, namely, the diameter reduction ratio, the die
+ semi-angle, the friction coefficient and the material ductility,..., on
+ the central bursts occurrence are discussed. The quantitative effects of
+ ductile damage on the extrusion parameters are studied and qualitative
+ comparison with some available experimental data are given. (C) 2004
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Saanouni, K (Reprint Author), Univ Technol Troyes, LASMIS, FRE 2719, BP 2060, F-10010 Troyes, France.
+ Univ Technol Troyes, LASMIS, FRE 2719, F-10010 Troyes, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.05.018}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7949}},
+Keywords = {{finite thermoelastoplasticity; isotropic ductile damage; cold bar
+ extrusion; discontinuous central bursting; die geometry; FEA}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{saanouni@utt.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{865JO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224698700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000221684700006,
+Author = {Rodopoulos, CA and Curtis, SA and de los Rios, ER and SolisRomero, J},
+Title = {{Optimisation of the fatigue resistance of 2024-T351 aluminium alloys by
+ controlled shot peening - methodology, results and analysis}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{26}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{849-856}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{A methodology dedicated to the optimisation of the fatigue properties of
+ aluminium alloys by controlled shot peening is presented. Selection of
+ the peening conditions is made out of the use of the Design of
+ Experiment and the Effects Neutralisation Model. Both techniques allowed
+ the optimisation both in terms of life and crack growth rates.
+ Experimental determination and further analysis of the residual stress
+ relaxation patterns revealed that at high stress levels, low cycle
+ fatigue, life improvement is predominantly due to slow crack growth
+ rates, while in high cycle fatigue the extension of life is attributed
+ to a prolonged period of crack arrest. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Rodopoulos, CA (Reprint Author), Sheffield Hallam Univ, Mat Engn Res Inst, City Campus,Howart St, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England.
+ Sheffield Hallam Univ, Mat Engn Res Inst, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England.
+ Univ Sheffield, Dept Engn Mech, Struct Integrit Res Inst, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
+ Inst Technol Tlalnepantla, Mexico City 54070, DF, Mexico.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.01.003}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{controlled shot peening; fatigue life; residual stresses; surface
+ roughness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH; STRENGTH; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{c.rodopoulos@shu.ac.uk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{824KG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221684700006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000188375900012,
+Author = {Nadot, Y and Mendez, J and Ranganathan, N},
+Title = {{Influence of casting defects on the fatigue limit of nodular cast iron}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{26}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{311-319}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The high cycle fatigue behaviour of a nodular cast iron has been
+ investigated under tension loading. Casting defects are at the origin of
+ crack initiation for all samples tested. Critical defects (shrinkage)
+ are located either at the surface or within the bulk. The role of the
+ size and position of natural defect on the fatigue limit has been
+ established. Results show that, for a given size, internal defects are
+ less damaging than surface located ones. SEM observations revealed the
+ existence of non-propagating surface cracks below the fatigue limit. By
+ means of a marking technique, the 3D shape of these cracks initiated
+ around the defects was fully described. In an attempt to simulate the
+ evolution of the fatigue limit with defect size, some existing
+ approaches are compared to experimental data; it is shown that 2D
+ analysis of defects (crack or notch) is conservative. (C) 2003 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nadot, Y (Reprint Author), ENSMA, CNRS, UMR 6617, Lab Mecan \& Phys Mat, Site Futuroscope,BP 40 109, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.
+ ENSMA, CNRS, UMR 6617, Lab Mecan \& Phys Mat, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.
+ Univ Tours, Lab Mecan \& Rheol EIT, F-37200 Tours, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00141-5}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{nodular cast iron; casting defects; fatigue limit; notch effect; fatigue
+ threshold}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ALUMINUM-ALLOY; LIFE ASSESSMENT; CRACKS; COMPONENTS; BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yves.nadot@lmpm.ensma.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{766KQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000188375900012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000222138600008,
+Author = {Negre, P and Steglich, D and Brocks, W},
+Title = {{Crack extension in aluminium welds: a numerical approach using the
+ Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{71}},
+Number = {{16-17}},
+Pages = {{2365-2383}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{Ductile tearing of laser welded All sheets is studied both
+ experimentally and numerically. The mechanical behaviour of the various
+ zones is characterised by means of micro-flat-tensile specimens, and the
+ respective microstructure is analysed. Fracture tests are carried out on
+ compact specimens, and three positions of the initial crack are studied,
+ namely in the base metal, in the fusion zone and at the interface
+ between fusion zone and heat affected zone. The numerical simulations
+ are based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model for ductile damage.
+ Whereas crack extension is strictly confined to the ligament, if the
+ initial crack is in pure base material or in the fusion zone, it may
+ kink and deviate from the heat affected zone into the softer fusion
+ zone. Good agreement between experimental results and numerical
+ simulations could be achieved in all cases. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Steglich, D (Reprint Author), GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, Max Planck Str 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
+ GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.01.007}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{aluminium butt welds; laser beam welding; numerical simulations; damage
+ models; microstructural parameters; crack extension; crack-path
+ deviation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{VOID NUCLEATION; AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS; ELLIPSOIDAL CAVITIES;
+ APPROXIMATE MODELS; NONSPHERICAL VOIDS; DUCTILE FRACTURE; GROWTH;
+ ALLOYS; COALESCENCE; METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{dirk.steglich@gkss.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{830QU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222138600008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000222269600006,
+Author = {Bilello, C and Bergman, LA},
+Title = {{Vibration of damaged beams under a moving mass: theory and experimental
+ validation}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{274}},
+Number = {{3-5}},
+Pages = {{567-582}},
+Month = {{JUL 22}},
+Abstract = {{A theoretical and experimental study of the response of a damaged
+ Euler-Bernoulli beam traversed by a moving mass is presented. Damage is
+ modelled through rotational springs whose compliance is evaluated using
+ linear elastic fracture mechanics. The analytical solution is based on
+ the series expansion of the unknown deflection in a basis of the beam
+ eigenfunctions. The latter are calculated using the transfer matrix
+ method, taking into account the effective mass distribution of the beam.
+ The convective acceleration terms, often omitted in similar studies, are
+ considered here for a correct evaluation of the beam-moving mass
+ interaction force.
+ The analytical solution is then validated through a series of
+ experimental tests. An adequate small-scale model is designed to satisfy
+ both static and dynamic similitude with a prototype bridge structure,
+ thus providing data of practical engineering relevance. It is shown that
+ experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical
+ predictions. Moreover, it is observed that the percentages of variation
+ in the beam response due to damage are, generally, larger than those
+ induced in the structural natural frequencies; that is, an increase in
+ structural damage sensitivity is noticed under the effect of a moving
+ interacting load. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bilello, C (Reprint Author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale \& Geotecn, Viale Sci, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
+ Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale \& Geotecn, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
+ Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsv.2003.01.001}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BERNOULLI-EULER BEAMS; OSCILLATOR; CRACK; BRIDGES; SHAFT; LOADS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{bilello@diseg.unipa.it}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{832LS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222269600006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000222532300005,
+Author = {Pijaudier-Cabot, G and Haidar, K and Dube, JF},
+Title = {{Non-local damage model with evolving internal length}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN
+ GEOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{28}},
+Number = {{7-8}},
+Pages = {{633-652}},
+Month = {{JUN-JUL}},
+Note = {{International Conference on Computational Modelling of Concrete and
+ Concrete Structures, St Johann im Pongau, AUSTRIA, 2003}},
+Abstract = {{A modified non-local damage model with evolving internal length,
+ inspired from micromechanics, is developed. It is shown in particular
+ that the non-local influence between two points in the damaged material
+ depends on the value of damage at each of these points. The resulting
+ weight function is non-symmetric and truncated. Finite element results
+ and strain localization analysis on a one-dimensional problem are
+ presented and compared to those of the original non-local damage model.
+ It is shown that in the course of damage localization, the incremental
+ strain profiles expand according to the modified non-local model,
+ instead of shrinking according to the original constitutive relation.
+ Comparisons with experimental data on model materials with controlled
+ porosity are also discussed. Acoustic emission analyses provide results
+ with which the theoretical model is consistent qualitatively. This model
+ also opens the path for durability mechanics analyses, where it has been
+ demonstrated that the internal length in the non-local model should
+ evolve with environmentally induced damage. Copyright (C) 2004 John
+ Wiley Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
+Address = {{THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pijaudier-Cabot, G (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Nantes, UMR6183, GeM, Inst Rech Genie Civil \& Mecan,R\&DO, BP 92101, F-44321 Nantes, France.
+ Ecole Cent Nantes, UMR6183, GeM, Inst Rech Genie Civil \& Mecan,R\&DO, F-44321 Nantes, France.
+ Univ Montpellier 2, UMR5508, LMGC, F-34095 Montpellier, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nag.367}},
+ISSN = {{0363-9061}},
+Keywords = {{concrete; damage; cracking; internal length}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRAIN LOCALIZATION; MICROMECHANICS; CONTINUUM; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Gilles.Pijaudier-Cabot@ec-nantes.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{836CH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222532300005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000222188700017,
+Author = {Soo, SL and Aspinwall, DK and Dewes, RC},
+Title = {{3D FE modelling of the cutting of Inconel 718}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{150}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{116-123}},
+Month = {{JUL 1}},
+Note = {{9th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, Cranfield
+ Univ, Bedfordshire, ENGLAND, JUL 27-31, 2002}},
+Organization = {{ISPE}},
+Abstract = {{Following a literature review, the paper outlines the development of a
+ 3D finite element model for the turning of Inconel 718 using
+ ABAQUS/Explicit as a precursor to ball end milling simulation. The model
+ employed a Lagrangian formulation. The workpiece material property data
+ were determined from experimental work on a Gleeble thermo-mechanical
+ simulator using uniaxial compression testing, with temperatures and
+ strain rates of up to 850degreesC and 100 s(-1), respectively. Predicted
+ and measured forces were within 6\% for the tangential component, while
+ feed forces were within 29\%. The actual chip morphology determined from
+ quick-stop experiments was segmented, whereas the predicted profile was
+ continuous, irrespective of the cutting speed. It is likely that the
+ discrepancies were a result of over-simplification of the friction model
+ together with inadequacies in the algorithms describing the material
+ behaviour. A user sub-routine which contains a `damage criterion' to
+ initiate crack propagation has been highlighted as a requirement to
+ simulate chip segmentation. Details of preliminary work on the 3D ball
+ nose end milling of Inconel 718 are also presented, which underline the
+ difficulties inherent in this approach, together with geometry and mesh
+ considerations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Soo, SL (Reprint Author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Engn Mech \& Mfg, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
+ Univ Birmingham, Sch Engn Mech \& Mfg, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
+ IRC Mat Proc, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.01.046}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{cutting; FE modelling; chip formation; crack propagation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BURR FORMATION PROCESSES; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; CHIP FORMATION; SPEED;
+ SIMULATION; STEEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{s.l.soo@bham.ac.uk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{831IS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222188700017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223148500010,
+Author = {Goyal, VK and Jaunky, NR and Johnson, ER and Ambur, DR},
+Title = {{Intralaminar and interlaminar progressive failure analyses of composite
+ panels with circular cutouts}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{64}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{91-105}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{A progressive failure methodology is developed and demonstrated to
+ simulate the initiation and material degradation of a laminated panel
+ due to intralaminar and interlaminar failures. Initiation of
+ intralaminar failure can be by a matrix-cracking mode, a fiber-matrix
+ shear mode, and a fiber failure mode. Subsequent material degradation is
+ modeled using damage parameters for each mode to selectively reduce
+ lamina material properties. The interlaminar failure mechanism such as
+ delamination is simulated by positioning interface elements between
+ adjacent sublaminates. A nonlinear constitutive law is postulated for
+ the interface element that accounts for a multi-axial stress criteria to
+ detect the initiation of delamination, a mixed-mode fracture criteria
+ for delamination progression, and a damage parameter to prevent
+ restoration of a previous cohesive state. The methodology is validated
+ using experimental data available in the literature on the response and
+ failure of quasi-isotropic panels with centrally located circular
+ cutouts loaded into the postbuckling regime. Very good agreement between
+ the progressive failure analyses and the experimental results is
+ achieved if the failure analyses includes the interaction of
+ intralaminar and interlaminar failures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Johnson, ER (Reprint Author), Virginia Polytech Inst \& State Univ, Dept Aerosp \& Ocean Engn, 215 Randolph Hall,MS 0203, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
+ Virginia Polytech Inst \& State Univ, Dept Aerosp \& Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
+ NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00217-4}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{progressive failure analyses; delamination; ply failure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LAMINATED COMPOSITES; DELAMINATION; INTERFACE; SIMULATION; IMPACT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{vigoyal@vt.edu
+ navin@nianet.org
+ erjohns4@vt.edu
+ d.r.ambur@larc.nasa.gov}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{844HI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223148500010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000220451400009,
+Author = {Duan, XJ and Velay, X and Sheppard, T},
+Title = {{Application of finite element method in the hot extrusion of aluminium
+ alloys}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{369}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{66-75}},
+Month = {{MAR 25}},
+Abstract = {{The major objective of the present paper is to explore the complicated
+ interactions between die design, forming parameters (i.e. ram speed,
+ container temperature, billet temperature and extrusion ratio) and the
+ product qualities (extrudate shape, surface condition and
+ microstructure) by the use of finite element modelling (FEM). The
+ various models (such as recrystallisation, damage criteria, etc.) have
+ been integrated into the commercial codes, FORGE2(R) and FORGE3(R),
+ through user routines. The physical recrystallisation model proposed by
+ Sellars and Zhu {[}Mater. Sci. Eng. A280 (2000) 1] and Value et al.
+ {[}Acta Mater. 44 (1996) 4463] have been compared. The predicted
+ distributions of the volume fraction recrystallised were also compared
+ with the experimental results from the literature. The influences of
+ forming parameters on the occurrence of surface cracks were studied by
+ the combination of the Taguchi method with the FEM. It was found that
+ the choked die could significantly reduce the possibility of producing
+ surface cracks. Through simulating a shape extrusion process using two
+ different die structures, it was found that the use of an expansion
+ chamber can significantly reduce the degree of non-uniformity in terms
+ of the extruded product shape and properties. The character of the
+ complex material flow is also identifiable, which is very useful to help
+ improve die design. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Duan, XJ (Reprint Author), McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
+ McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada.
+ Bournemouth Univ, Sch Design Engn \& Comp, Bournemouth BH1 3NA, Dorset, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.275}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{aluminium alloys; ram speed; die design; recrystallisation; surface
+ damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{3D FEM SIMULATION; SURFACE-FRACTURE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE;
+ PREDICTION; DEFORMATION; FLOW}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{duanxj@mcmaster.ca}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{806RQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000220451400009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000189158500014,
+Author = {Fujita, H and Jefferson, G and McMeeking, RM and Zok, FW},
+Title = {{Mullite/alumina mixtures for use as porous matrices in oxide fiber
+ composites}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{87}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{261-267}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Weakly bonded particle mixtures of mullite and alumina are assessed as
+ candidate matrixes for use in porous matrix ceramic composites.
+ Conditions for the deflection of a matrix crack at a fiber-matrix
+ interface are used to identify the combinations of modulus and toughness
+ of the fibers and the matrix for which damage-tolerant behavior is
+ expected to occur in the composite. Accordingly, the present study
+ focuses on the modulus and toughness of the particle mixtures, as well
+ as the changes in these properties following aging at elevated
+ temperature comparable to the targeted upper-use temperature for oxide
+ composites. Models based on bonded particle aggregates are presented,
+ assessed, and calibrated. The experimental and modeling results are
+ combined to predict the critical aging times at which damage tolerance
+ is lost because of sintering at the particle junctions and the
+ associated changes in mechanical properties. For an aging temperature of
+ 1200degreesC, the critical time exceeds 10 000 h for the mullite-rich
+ mixtures.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER CERAMIC SOC}},
+Address = {{735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fujita, H (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech \& Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00261.x}},
+ISSN = {{0002-7820}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CERAMIC COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Ceramics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Am. Ceram. Soc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{777DB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189158500014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000223472800002,
+Author = {Camanho, PP and Davila, CG and Pinho, ST},
+Title = {{Fracture analysis of composite co-cured structural joints using
+ decohesion elements}},
+Journal = {{FATIGUE \& FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{745-757}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Delamination is one of the predominant forms of failure in laminated
+ composite structures, especially when there is no reinforcement in the
+ thickness direction. To develop composite structures that are more
+ damage tolerant, it is necessary to understand how delamination
+ develops, and how it can affect the residual performance. A number of
+ factors such as residual thermal stresses, matrix-curing shrinkage and
+ manufacturing defects affect how damage will grow in a composite
+ structure. It is important to develop computationally efficient analysis
+ methods that can account for all such factors. The objective of the
+ current work is to apply a newly developed decohesion element to
+ investigate the debond strength of skin-stiffener composite specimens.
+ The process of initiation of delaminations and the propagation of
+ delamination fronts is investigated. The numerical predictions are
+ compared with published experimental results.}},
+Publisher = {{BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Oporto, Portugal.
+ NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00695.x}},
+ISSN = {{8756-758X}},
+Keywords = {{co-cured joints; composite laminates; debonding}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ENERGY-RELEASE RATES; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; INTERFACE ELEMENTS;
+ DELAMINATION; PREDICTION; CRACKS; ONSET}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ Pinho, Silvestre/B-4618-2012
+ Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{848MW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000223472800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000186956100007,
+Author = {Coelho, AMG and Bijlaard, FSK and Gresnigt, N and da Silva, LS},
+Title = {{Experimental assessment of the behaviour of bolted T-stub connections
+ made up of welded plates}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{60}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{269-311}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{The results of 32 tests on bolted T-stub connections made up of welded
+ plates are presented and discussed. Although T-stubs have been used for
+ many years to model the tension zone of bolted joints, the research was
+ mainly concentrated on rolled profiles as T-stub elements. To extend
+ this model to the case of welded plates as T-stub elements, a test
+ programme was undertaken at the Delft University of Technology and is
+ reported in this paper. It provides insight into the behaviour of this
+ different type of assembly, in terms of resistance, stiffness,
+ deformation capacity and failure modes, in particular. The key variables
+ tested include the weld throat thickness, the size of the T-stub, the
+ type and diameter of the bolts, the steel grade, the presence of
+ transverse stiffeners and the T-stub orientation. The results show that
+ the welding procedure is particularly important to ensure a ductile
+ behaviour of the connection. Most of the T-stubs failed by tension
+ fracture of the bolts after significant yielding of the flanges.
+ However, some of the specimens have shown early damage of the plate
+ material near the weld toe due to the effect of the welding consumable
+ that induced premature cracking and reduced the overall deformation
+ capacity. A solution to this problem is given by setting requirements to
+ the weld metal to be used. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bijlaard, FSK (Reprint Author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn \& Geosci, POB 5048, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
+ Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn \& Geosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
+ Polytech Inst Coimbra, Dept Civil Engn, P-3040228 Coimbra, Portugal.
+ Univ Coimbra, Dept Civil Engn, P-3030290 Coimbra, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jcsr.2003.08.008}},
+ISSN = {{0143-974X}},
+Keywords = {{component method; deformation capacity; experimental testing;
+ high-strength steel grade; resistance; steel connections; stiffness;
+ T-stub; welded profiles}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ULTIMATE BEHAVIOR; STEEL CONNECTIONS; COMPONENTS; STIFFNESS; MODEL; BEAM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{SimoesdaSilva, Luis/B-2790-2008
+ Girao Coelho, Ana/I-3732-2013
+ Girao Coelho, Ana/E-7967-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{SimoesdaSilva, Luis/0000-0001-5225-6567
+ Girao Coelho, Ana/0000-0001-5439-4998
+ Girao Coelho, Ana/0000-0001-5439-4998}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Constr. Steel. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{749XV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186956100007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000221292300004,
+Author = {Gopal, AV and Rao, PV},
+Title = {{Performance improvement of grinding of SiC using graphite as a solid
+ lubricant}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{19}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{177-186}},
+Abstract = {{Grinding is a widely employed finishing process for different materials.
+ It is inherently characterized by its high specific energy requirement
+ unlike other machining processes. This leads to a high grinding zone
+ temperature, which impairs the workpiece quality by inducing thermal
+ damage in the form of surface and subsurface cracks, phase
+ transformations, tensile residual stresses, etc. The microcracks and
+ residual stresses induced in the surface of the ceramics during grinding
+ can severely limit the application of ceramic components. This article
+ deals with an investigation on using graphite as a solid lubricant to
+ reduce friction and thereby improve the surface integrity of ground
+ silicon carbide (SiC). An experimental setup has been developed, and
+ experiments have been conducted to study the effect of using a graphite
+ lubricant on the surface roughness, grinding forces, and specific energy
+ while grinding SiC material. Results indicate that there is a
+ considerable improvement in the performance of grinding SiC using
+ graphite as a solid lubricant when compared with dry grinding in terms
+ of specific energy requirements, surface roughness, and damage. The
+ employment of graphite as a solid lubricant in ceramic grinding makes
+ the process more economical and reliable.}},
+Publisher = {{MARCEL DEKKER INC}},
+Address = {{270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gopal, AV (Reprint Author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, New Delhi 110016, India.
+ Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, New Delhi 110016, India.}},
+DOI = {{10.1081/AMP.120029850}},
+ISSN = {{1042-6914}},
+Keywords = {{ceramic grinding; solid lubricant; graphite; SiC; surface integrity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RESIDUAL-STRESSES; CERAMICS; FORCES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{pvrao@mech.iitd.ernet.in}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Manuf. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{819DB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221292300004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000221654600004,
+Author = {Lehman, D and Moehle, J and Mahin, S and Calderone, A and Henry, L},
+Title = {{Experimental evaluation of the seismic performance of reinforced
+ concrete bridge columns}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{130}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{869-879}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{A current focus in earthquake engineering research and practice is the
+ development of seismic design procedures whose aim is to achieve a
+ specified performance. To implement such procedures, engineers require
+ methods to define damage in terms of engineering criteria. Previous
+ experimental research on bridge columns has focused on component
+ failure, with relatively little attention to other damage states. A
+ research program was undertaken to assess the seismic performance of
+ well-confined, circular-cross-section, reinforced concrete bridge
+ columns at a range of damage states. The test variables included aspect
+ ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, spiral reinforcement ratio,
+ axial load ratio, and the length of the well-confined region adjacent to
+ the zone where plastic hinging is anticipated. The progression of damage
+ was similar for all columns. Analysis of the experimental results
+ suggest that key damage states of residual cracking, cover spalling, and
+ core crushing can best be related to engineering parameters, such as
+ longitudinal reinforcement tensile strain and concrete compressive
+ strain, using cumulative probability curves.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lehman, D (Reprint Author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
+ Univ Washington, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ KGA Inc, Los Angeles, CA USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:6(869)}},
+ISSN = {{0733-9445}},
+Keywords = {{earthquake engineering; seismic design; columns; bridges, concrete;
+ concrete, reinforced; confinement}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{824AB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221654600004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000189201000023,
+Author = {Hamiel, Y and Lyakhovsky, V and Agnon, A},
+Title = {{Coupled evolution of damage and porosity in poroelastic media: theory
+ and applications to deformation of porous rocks}},
+Journal = {{GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{156}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{701-713}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{We address the gradual transition from brittle failure to cataclastic
+ flow under increasing pressures by a new model, incorporating damage
+ rheology with Biot's poroelasticity. Deformation of porous rocks is
+ associated with growth of two classes of internal flaws, namely cracks
+ and pores. Cracks act as stress concentrations promoting brittle
+ failure, whereas pores dissipate stress concentrations leading to
+ distributed deformation. The present analysis, based on thermodynamic
+ principles, leads to a system of coupled kinetic equations for the
+ evolution of damage along with porosity. Each kinetic equation
+ represents competition between cracking and irreversible porosity
+ change. In addition, the model correctly predicts the modes of strain
+ localization such as dilating versus compacting shear bands. The model
+ also reproduces shear dilatancy and the related change of fluid pressure
+ under undrained conditions. For triaxial compression loading, when the
+ evolution of porosity and damage is taken into consideration, fluid
+ pressure first increases and then decreases, after the onset of damage.
+ These predictions are in agreement with experimental observations on
+ sandstones. The new development provides an internally consistent
+ framework for simulating coupled evolution of fracturing and fluid flow
+ in a variety of practical geological and engineering problems such as
+ nucleation of deformation features in poroelastic media and fluid flow
+ during the seismic cycle.}},
+Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
+Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
+ Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
+ Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02172.x}},
+ISSN = {{0956-540X}},
+EISSN = {{1365-246X}},
+Keywords = {{cracked media; cracks; deformation; porosity; thermodynamics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SEDIMENTARY BASINS; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; PRESSURE SOLUTION; CATACLASTIC
+ FLOW; PERMEABILITY EVOLUTION; COMPACTION BANDS; SLIP INSTABILITY;
+ UNIFIED APPROACH; BRITTLE ROCK; FAULT ZONES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{yarivh@cc.huji.ac.il}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lyakhovsky, Vladimir/K-5621-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lyakhovsky, Vladimir/0000-0001-9438-4292}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{88}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Geophys. J. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{777VM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000189201000023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000222819000029,
+Author = {Alfredsson, KS},
+Title = {{On the instantaneous energy release rate of the end-notch flexure
+ adhesive joint specimen}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{16-17}},
+Pages = {{4787-4807}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The energy release rate of the ENF adhesive joint specimen is derived.
+ The resulting formula accounts for the presence of an adhesive layer
+ with a possibly non-linear constitutive relation. The actual form of the
+ constitutive relation need not to be known a priori. It is shown that
+ measurements of both the applied load and the adhesive deformation at
+ the crack tip are needed to determine the instantaneous value of the
+ energy release rate. Experimental results show that the influence of the
+ deformation of the adhesive layer can be substantial. The stability of
+ the ENF-specimen is studied and a method to estimate the critical value
+ of the crack length, accounting for the flexibility of the adhesive
+ layer, is presented. In the analysis, the adherends are modelled as
+ elastically deforming Euler-Bernoulli beams and the intermediate
+ adhesive layer is modelled as a material surface transmitting shear
+ stress between the adherends. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Alfredsson, KS (Reprint Author), Univ Skovde, Dept Engn Sci, POB 408, S-54128 Skovde, Sweden.
+ Univ Skovde, Dept Engn Sci, S-54128 Skovde, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.03.008}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{adhesive layer; energy release rate; shear fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{II FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CONSTITUTIVE PROPERTIES; INVERSE SOLUTION;
+ DAMAGE; LAYERS; SHEAR; COMPOSITES; DESIGN; MODEL; BONDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{svante.alfredsson@ite.his.se}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{839XT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222819000029}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224017400008,
+Author = {Yurtdas, I and Burlion, N and Skoczylas, F},
+Title = {{Triaxial mechanical behaviour of mortar: Effects of drying}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{34}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1131-1143}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The analysis of concrete structure durability is based on the
+ investigation of the material long-term behaviour. Such behaviour is
+ influenced by mechanical, hydrous and thermal actions applied to
+ structures. The main purpose of this study concerns the characterisation
+ of the coupled effects between drying shrinkage and damage for a
+ cementitious material. An experimental study on a normalised mortar
+ (European norm) is then presented to characterise the damage effect,
+ induced by drying and desiccation shrinkage on the multiaxial
+ compressive behaviour. Triaxial compression tests are carried out at
+ different times of drying. The observed increase in deviatoric strength
+ and decrease of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are related to the
+ loss in mass of specimens. These results are commented through the
+ damage processes of material because the drying phenomenon causes
+ microcracking by exceeding tensile strength. This microcracking will
+ have a strong influence on the damage process of the material and then
+ on its failure behaviour. Furthermore, the effect of drying leads to an
+ increase of the capillary suction into the mortar, hence, to an increase
+ of the specimen strength. Such couplings have to be taken into account
+ in a reliable modelling. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Burlion, N (Reprint Author), USTL, CNRS, UMR 8107, Lab Mech Lille, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ USTL, CNRS, UMR 8107, Lab Mech Lille, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lille, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ USTL, Polytech Lille, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.12.004}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{triaxial mechanical behaviour; mortar; drying; desiccation shrinkage;
+ coupling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONCRETE; SHRINKAGE; PERMEABILITY; DAMAGE; COMPRESSION; CRACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{Nicolas.Burlion@polytech-lille.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{856BA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224017400008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000221686300004,
+Author = {Clements, BE and Mas, EM},
+Title = {{A theory for plastic-bonded materials with a bimodal size distribution
+ of filler particles}},
+Journal = {{MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{12}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{407-421}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Plastic-bonded materials are composites consisting of grains of filler
+ material embedded in a polymeric matrix. A micromechanics model is
+ proposed for investigating the mechanical behaviour of plastic-bonded
+ materials having two disparate grain sizes. A hybrid theory is proposed
+ to handle some aspects of the bimodal grain size distribution. Our model
+ uses the first-order method of cells with an eight-cell representative
+ volume element where one of the eight cells contains a large grain and
+ the seven remaining cells contain a mixture of small grains embedded in
+ the polymeric binder material. A Mori-Tanaka-based analysis is used to
+ describe the small grain-binder mechanical response. The small grains in
+ this analysis are assumed to be spherical and uniformly distributed in
+ the binder. In this work, we use the explosive PBX 9501, in its
+ unreacted state, as our test system. The explosive grain particle size
+ distribution of PBX 9501 consists of two broad peaks centred at
+ approximately 1 and 200 mum. The constitutive behaviour of the large
+ explosive grains are assumed to be elastic-plastic and damage by way of
+ micro-crack brittle fracture. Only linear elasticity of the small grains
+ is considered. The rate and temperature dependence of the mechanical
+ response of the polymer binder is accounted for by a generalized Maxwell
+ viscoelasticity model. The theoretical uniaxial stress-strain response
+ for PBX 9501 is reported for quasi-static and split Hopkinson pressure
+ bar loading rates and compared to experimental measurements.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mas, EM (Reprint Author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
+ Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0965-0393/12/3/004}},
+Article-Number = {{PII S0965-0393(04)74405-8}},
+ISSN = {{0965-0393}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; POLYMERS; INCLUSIONS;
+ STRESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{mas@lanl.gov}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{824KV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221686300004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000221238700047,
+Author = {Li, YL and Ramesh, KT and Chin, ESC},
+Title = {{Comparison of the plastic deformation and failure of A359/SiC and
+ 6061-T6/Al2O3 metal matrix composites under dynamic tension}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{371}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{359-370}},
+Month = {{APR 25}},
+Abstract = {{A comparison is presented of the dynamic plastic deformation and tensile
+ failure of two metal-matrix composites (one with a cast alloy matrix and
+ the other with a wrought alloy matrix). The two composites are ceramic
+ particle reinforced aluminum alloys: F3S.20S (A359 aluminum alloy
+ reinforced by 20\% SiC particles) and W6A20A (6061-T6 aluminum alloy
+ reinforced by 20\% Al2O3 particles). The corresponding unreinforced
+ matrix alloys were also examined. The effects of strain rate on the
+ tensile responses of these composites were determined using the tension
+ Kolsky bar. The microstructures and fracture surfaces of the specimens
+ of each composite were examined using SEM and optical microscopy. The
+ experimental results show that the flow stresses of both composites are
+ higher than that of their matrix alloys, whereas the composite fracture
+ strains are lower. The fracture strains of the W6A20A composite and the
+ 6061-T6 monolithic matrix alloy were much higher than those of the
+ F3S20S composite and the A359 monolithic matrix alloy. Both the W6A20A
+ composite and 6061-T6 monolithic matrix alloy behaved in a ductile
+ manner with necking prior to fracture, while both the F3S.20S composite
+ and A359 monolithic matrix alloy behaved in a brittle manner with no
+ necking prior to fracture. Microscopic examination revealed tensile
+ failure of the A359 matrix alloy and its composite to be controlled by
+ the microcracking of Si network, which formed in the interdendritic
+ silicon rich region, whereas failure of the 6061-T6 based composite is
+ controlled by cracking of reinforcement particles. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ramesh, KT (Reprint Author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 122 Latrobe Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
+ Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
+ USA, Res Lab, Weapons \& Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2004.01.008}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+Keywords = {{quasistatic; microcracking; metal-matrix composites; dynamic}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR;
+ STRAIN-RATE; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; HIGH-RATES; DUCTILITY; DAMAGE;
+ MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{ramesh@jhu.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{818IL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000221238700047}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000222269600016,
+Author = {Liberatore, S and Carman, GP},
+Title = {{Power spectral density analysis for damage identification and location}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{274}},
+Number = {{3-5}},
+Pages = {{761-776}},
+Month = {{JUL 22}},
+Abstract = {{A method for both identification and localization of structural damage
+ is proposed and implemented on a simply supported beam. The results are
+ predicted with an analytical model and verified with an experimental
+ test set-up consisting of an aluminum beam with one actuator and one
+ sensor, both piezoelectrics. The method estimates the energy localized
+ in bandwidth regions near resonance that are the most sensitive to
+ damage. The energy is estimated by power spectral density analysis and
+ quantified by means of its root mean square value. These values are
+ combined with mode shapes to locate damage. The method is evaluated with
+ small masses used to simulate damage and or small cuts to simulate
+ damage and good agreement is obtained between experiments and analysis.
+ (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Carman, GP (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch English, Mech \& Aerosp Engn Dept, 420 Westwood Pl, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
+ Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch English, Mech \& Aerosp Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00785-5}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL FREQUENCIES; CRACK; BEAMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{carman@seas.ucla.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{832LS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000222269600016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000220778900005,
+Author = {Guo, YB and Barkey, ME},
+Title = {{Modeling of rolling contact fatigue for hard machined components with
+ process-induced residual stress}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{26}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{605-613}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{This work has investigated the effect of process-induced residual stress
+ on bearing rolling contact fatigue (RCF). A 2-D finite element
+ simulation model of bearing rolling contact has been developed to
+ incorporate the process-induced residual stress profile as initial
+ conditions. The applied load was modeled using the interaction between
+ the roller and the bearing inner race instead of moving elastic-based
+ Hertzian pressure and tangential traction across the surface. Residual
+ stress profiles of an AISI 52100 steel inner race machined by hard
+ turning and grinding were used to evaluate fatigue damage using the
+ critical plane approach. Three cases using the simulation model were
+ assessed: (a) measured residual stress by hard turning; (b) measured
+ residual stress by grinding; and (c) free of residual stress. In
+ addition, the sensitivity of fatigue damage to normal load, tangential
+ traction, and magnitude of surface residual stress was also
+ investigated. The results from simulation post-processing showed that
+ these distinct residual stress profiles only affect near-surface fatigue
+ damage rather than locations deeper in the subsurface. It was concluded,
+ then, that residual stress affects only near-surface initiated RCF
+ rather than subsurface initiated RCF, which has been demonstrated with
+ some prior experimental data. Furthermore, the applied normal load has a
+ significant effect on fatigue damage, while the effects of magnitudes of
+ friction and surface residual stress are small. Lastly, multiaxial
+ fatigue damage parameters used in conjunction with a critical plane
+ approach can characterize the relative fatigue damage under the
+ influence of process-induced residual stress profiles. (C) 2003 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Guo, YB (Reprint Author), Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
+ Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
+ Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn \& Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.10.009}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{rolling contact fatigue; finite element analysis; residual stress;
+ critical plane; hard turning; grinding}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; CRACK INITIATION; STEEL; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yguo@coe.eng.ua.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{811NP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000220778900005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000187972000016,
+Author = {Nikbin, K},
+Title = {{Justification for meso-scale modelling in quantifying constraint during
+ creep crack growth}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{365}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{107-113}},
+Month = {{JAN 25}},
+Note = {{1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM),
+ QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND, JUN 17-22, 2002}},
+Abstract = {{Meso-scale models over a range of 50-500 mum are employed for predicting
+ crack growth in the creep range. They make use of fracture mechanics,
+ creep damage mechanics under multi-axial loading and limit analysis
+ techniques. A study is made of the several levels of approximations and
+ validations in the modelling process that are needed in order to make
+ the method an acceptable tool for use in a safe defect assessment
+ procedure. The NSW meso-scale model developed previously has been used
+ to compare crack growth rate in a 316H stainless steel tested at
+ 550degreesC using compact tension (CT) and centre-cracked panel (CCP)
+ specimens. In this way the steady crack growth region can be explained
+ by an upper/lower bound cracking rate based on the level of multiaxial
+ constraint. However, the model only quantifies the upper/lower plane
+ stress-strain bounds and does not quantify the intermediate levels of
+ constraint. Therefore, a two-parameter concept to predict constraint and
+ the various steps is employed to improve the predictions for defect
+ assessment in components. Preliminary results using 2D modelling of a
+ CCP specimen under plane strain conditions suggest that the method could
+ be used to predict conservative estimates for crack growth rates when
+ compared to experimental results. Further numerical analysis using 3D
+ models of actual geometric sizes are necessary to confirm the usefulness
+ of the two parameter method in defect assessment procedures. (C) 2003
+ Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nikbin, K (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci \& Technol, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2BX, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci \& Technol, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2BX, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.014}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+Keywords = {{creep crack growth; fracture mechanics; creep damage; constraint;
+ failure strain; multiaxiality}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PREDICTION; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{k.nikbin@ic.ac.uk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{762KZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000187972000016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000220086600035,
+Author = {Bonneau, F and Combis, P and Rullier, JL and Vierne, J and Bertussi, B
+ and Commandre, M and Gallais, L and Natoli, JY and Bertron, I and
+ Malaise, F and Donohue, JT},
+Title = {{Numerical simulations for description of UV laser interaction with gold
+ nanoparticles embedded in silica}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{78}},
+Number = {{3-4}},
+Pages = {{447-452}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{We have performed simulations of laser energy deposition in an
+ engineered absorbing defect (i.e. metal nanoparticle) and the
+ surrounding fused silica taking into account various mechanisms for the
+ defect-induced absorption of laser energy by SiO2. Then, to simulate the
+ damage process in its entirety, we have interfaced these calculations of
+ the energy absorption with a 2-D Lagrange-Euler hydrodynamics code,
+ which can simulate crack formation and propagation leading to craters.
+ The validation of numerical simulations requires detailed knowledge of
+ the different parameters involved in the interaction. To concentrate on
+ a simple situation, we have made and tested a thin-film system based on
+ calibrated gold nanoparticles (600-nm diameter) inserted between two
+ silica layers. Some aspects of our simulations are then compared with
+ our experimental results. We find reasonable agreement between the
+ observed and simulated crater sizes.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER-VERLAG}},
+Address = {{175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bonneau, F (Reprint Author), CEA DAM Ile France, Dept Phys Theoret \& Appl, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France.
+ CEA DAM Ile France, Dept Phys Theoret \& Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France.
+ Domaine Univ St Jerome, Inst Fresnel, F-13397 Marseille, France.
+ CEA, Ctr Etud Sci \& Tech Aquitaine, Dept Etude \& Validat, F-33114 Le Barp, France.
+ CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00340-003-1387-0}},
+ISSN = {{0946-2171}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INDUCED DAMAGE SIMULATIONS; THIN-FILMS; IRRADIATION; DEFECTS; SURFACE;
+ IONIZATION; THRESHOLD; MODEL; ONSET}},
+Research-Areas = {{Optics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Optics; Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{florian.bonneau@cea.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{801HI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000220086600035}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000186853400002,
+Author = {Roques, A and Brown, M and Thompson, J and Rowland, C and Taylor, A},
+Title = {{Investigation of fatigue crack growth in acrylic bone cement using the
+ acoustic emission technique}},
+Journal = {{BIOMATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2004}},
+Volume = {{25}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{769-778}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Failure of the bone cement mantle has been implicated in the loosening
+ process of cemented hip stems. Current methods of investigating
+ degradation of the cement mantle in vitro often require sectioning of
+ the sample to confirm failure paths. The present research investigates
+ acoustic emission as a passive experimental method for the assessment of
+ bone cement failure. Damage in bone cement was monitored during four
+ point bending fatigue tests through an analysis of the peak amplitude,
+ duration, rise time (RT) and energy of the events emitted from the
+ damage sections. A difference in AE trends was observed during failure
+ for specimens aged and tested in (i) air and (ii) Ringer's solution at
+ 37degreesC. It was noted that the acoustic behaviour varied according to
+ applied load level; events of higher duration and RT were emitted during
+ fatigue at lower stresses. A good correlation was observed between crack
+ location and source of acoustic emission, and the nature of the acoustic
+ parameters that were most suited to bone cement failure characterisation
+ was identified. The methodology employed in this study Could potentially
+ be used as a pre-clinical assessment tool for the integrity of cemented
+ load bearing implants. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Univ Southampton, Bioengn Sci Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
+ Univ Southampton, Bioengn Sci Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
+ DePuy Int Ltd, Leeds LS11 8DT, W Yorkshire, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00581-7}},
+ISSN = {{0142-9612}},
+EISSN = {{1878-5905}},
+Keywords = {{bone cement; fatigue; in vitro test; acoustic emission}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POROSITY; FRACTURE; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE;
+ STRESS; LIFE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials}},
+Author-Email = {{doctor@soton.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Browne, Martin/M-8229-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Browne, Martin/0000-0001-5184-050X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Biomaterials}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{748GD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000186853400002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2005.bib b/data/WoS_export/2005.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2acd0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2005.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,2871 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000228001800002,
+Author = {Giurgiutiu, V},
+Title = {{Tuned lamb wave excitation and detection with piezoelectric wafer active
+ sensors for structural health monitoring}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{16}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{291-305}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The capability of embedded piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) to
+ excite and detect tuned Lamb waves for structural health monitoring is
+ explored. First, a brief review of Lamb waves theory is presented.
+ Second, the PWAS operating principles and their structural coupling
+ through a thin adhesive layer are analyzed. Then, a model of the Lamb
+ waves tuning mechanism with PWAS transducers is described. The model
+ uses the space domain Fourier transform. The analysis is performed in
+ the wavenumber space. The inverse Fourier transform is used to return
+ into the physical space. The integrals are evaluated with the residues
+ theorem. A general solution is obtained for a generic expression of the
+ interface shear stress distribution. The general solution is reduced to
+ a closed-form expression for the case of ideal bonding which admits a
+ closed-form Fourier transform of the interfacial shear stress. It is
+ shown that the strain wave response varies like sin gamma alpha, whereas
+ the displacement response varies like sinc gamma alpha. Maximum coupling
+ is achieved when the PWAS length equals the half wavelength of a
+ particular Lamb wave mode. Since Lamb wave modes wavelengths vary with
+ frequency, the tuning of certain modes at certain frequencies can thus
+ be achieved. Tuning curves are derived and verified against experimental
+ results. A particular S-0 mode `sweet spot' is found at 300 kHz for a
+ 7-mm PWAS attached to a 1.6-min aluminum plate. Crack detection via the
+ pulse echo technique using the phased array principle and tuned So mode
+ Lamb waves is demonstrated as an effective structural health monitoring
+ method.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Giurgiutiu, V (Reprint Author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
+ Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1045389X05050106}},
+ISSN = {{1045-389X}},
+Keywords = {{structural health monitoring; Lamb waves; piezoelectric wafer active
+ sensors; aging aircraft; cracks; damage; faults; diagnostics;
+ prognostics; PWAS; SHM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ACTUATORS; DAMAGE; PLATE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{victorg@sc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Giurgiutiu, Victor/F-1394-2011
+ GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/B-3137-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{GIURGIUTIU, VICTOR/0000-0001-8948-677X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{413}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{115}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{911KT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000228001800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000233487300021,
+Author = {Noroozi, AH and Glinka, G and Lambert, S},
+Title = {{A two parameter driving force for fatigue crack growth analysis}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{10-12}},
+Pages = {{1277-1296}},
+Month = {{OCT-DEC}},
+Note = {{5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials,
+ Hyannis, MA, SEP 19-24, 2004}},
+Organization = {{Def Adv Res Projects Agcy; US Off Naval Res Int Field Off; USAF Res Lab;
+ US Off Naval Res Headquarters; USA Res Off}},
+Abstract = {{A model for fatigue crack growth (FCG) analysis based on the
+ elastic-plastic crack tip stress-strain history was proposed. The
+ fatigue crack growth was predicted by simulating the stress-strain
+ response in the material volume adjacent to the crack tip and estimating
+ the accumulated fatigue damage. The fatigue crack growth was regarded as
+ a process of successive crack re-initiation in the crack tip region. The
+ model was developed to predict the effect of the mean stress including
+ the influence of the applied compressive stress. A fatigue crack growth
+ expression was derived using both the plane strain and plane stress
+ state assumption. It was found that the FCG was controlled by a two
+ parameter driving force in the form of: Delta K = K-max(p),(tot)Delta
+ K-tot((1-p)). The driving force was derived on the basis of the local
+ stresses and strains at the crack tip using the Smith-Watson-Topper
+ (SWT) fatigue damage parameter: D=sigma(max)Delta epsilon/2.The effect
+ of the internal (residual) stress induced by the reversed cyclic
+ plasticity was accounted for the subsequent analysis. Experimental
+ fatigue crack growth data sets for two aluminum alloys (7075-T6 and
+ 2024-T351) and one steel alloy (4340) were used for the verification of
+ the model. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Glinka, G (Reprint Author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
+ Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.07.002}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{driving force; fatigue crack growth; residual stress; R-ratio effects}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; WEIGHT-FUNCTIONS; STRAIN ANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR;
+ PREDICTION; CLOSURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{gggreg@mecheng1.uwaterloo.ca}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{152}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{50}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{986ZD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000233487300021}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000230103300016,
+Author = {Nalla, RK and Stolken, JS and Kinney, JH and Ritchie, RO},
+Title = {{Fracture in human cortical bone: local fracture criteria and toughening
+ mechanisms}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1517-1525}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Micromechanical models for fracture initiation that incorporate local
+ failure criteria have been widely developed for metallic and ceramic
+ materials; however, few such micromechanical models have been developed
+ for the fracture of bone. In fact, although the fracture event in
+ ``hard{''} mineralized tissues such as bone is commonly believed to be
+ locally strain-controlled, only recently has there been experimental
+ evidence (using double-notched four-point bend testing) to support this
+ widely held belief. In the present study, we seek to shed further light
+ on the nature of the local cracking events that precede catastrophic
+ fracture in human cortical bone, and to define their relationship to the
+ microstructure. Specifically, numerical computations are reported that
+ demonstrate that the stress and strain states ahead of such a notch are
+ qualitatively similar irrespective of the deformation mechanism
+ (pressure-insensitive plasticity vs. pressure-sensitive microcracking).
+ Furthermore, we use the double-notched test to examine
+ crack-microstructure interactions from a perspective of determining the
+ salient toughening mechanisms in bone and to characterize how these may
+ affect the anisotropy in fracture properties. Based on preliminary
+ micromechanical models of these processes, the relative contributions of
+ various toughening mechanisms are established. In particular, crack
+ deflection and uncracked-ligament bridging are identified as the major
+ mechanisms of toughening in cortical bone. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ritchie, RO (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.07.010}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9290}},
+Keywords = {{bone; fracture; toughening; microstructure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; TRABECULAR BONE; GROWTH RESISTANCE; BRITTLE
+ MATERIALS; DIFFUSE DAMAGE; TOUGHNESS; MICROCRACKING; ORIENTATION;
+ FAILURE; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Biophysics; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical}},
+Author-Email = {{roritchie@lbl.gov}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIDCR NIH HHS {[}5R01 DE015633]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{128}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Biomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{939WM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230103300016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000230801500007,
+Author = {Cairns, J and Plizzari, GA and Du, YG and Law, DW and Franzoni, C},
+Title = {{Mechanical properties of corrosion-damaged reinforcement}},
+Journal = {{ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{102}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{256-264}},
+Month = {{JUL-AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Corrosion of embedded reinforcement is the most prevalent form of
+ degradation of reinforced concrete structures, and may impair structural
+ capacity through loss of bar section, loss of bond between reinforcement
+ and concrete as a result of longitudinal cracking, or loss of concrete
+ cross section. The effect of corrosion attack on mechanical properties
+ of reinforcement is investigated through physical tests on bars with
+ simulated and real corrosion damage and through a simple numerical
+ model. Bars subjected to local or pitting attack may suffer a relatively
+ modest loss of strength but a significant loss of ductility, and this is
+ related principally to the variability of attack along the length of the
+ bar The numerical model supplements experimental work through a
+ parametric study on the influence of steel characteristics. Finally,
+ guidelines on assessment are suggested that are derived from results
+ reported in the paper and from elsewhere in the published literature.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER CONCRETE INST}},
+Address = {{38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON
+ HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+ISSN = {{0889-325X}},
+Keywords = {{corrosion; ductility; reinforcement}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONCRETE; STEEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{119}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{ACI Mater. J.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{949PV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230801500007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000227567100035,
+Author = {O'Brien, FJ and Taylor, D and Lee, TC},
+Title = {{The effect of bone microstructure on the initiation and growth of
+ microcracks}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{475-480}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Note = {{48th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic-Research-Society, DALLAS, TX, FEB
+ 12, 2002}},
+Organization = {{Orthopaed Res Soc}},
+Abstract = {{Osteonal bone is often compared to a composite material and to metals as
+ discontinuities within the material may provide sites of stress
+ concentration for crack initiation and serve as barriers to crack
+ growth. However, little experimental data exist to back up these
+ hypotheses. Fluorescent chelating agents were applied at specific
+ intervals to bone specimens fatigue tested in cyclic compression at a
+ stress range of 80 MPa. The failed specimens were sectioned and labelled
+ microcracks identified using UV epifluorescence microscopy. Microcrack
+ lengths were measured and their relationship to cement lines Surrounding
+ secondary osteons recorded. Microcrack length at the time of
+ encountering a cement line was also measured. Microcracks of less than
+ 100 mu m stopped growing when they encountered a cement line.
+ Microcracks of greater than 100 mu m in length continued to grow after
+ encountering a cement line surrounding an osteon. Only microcracks
+ greater than 300 mu m in length were capable of penetrating osteons and
+ these microcracks were the only ones which were observed to cause
+ failure in the specimen. These experimental data support the hypothesis
+ that secondary osteons act as barriers to crack propagation in compact
+ bone. However, it shows that this microstructural barrier effect is
+ dependent on the crack length at the time of encountering an osteon. For
+ the vast majority of cracks, osteons act as barriers to growth but for
+ the minority of cracks that are long enough and do break through the
+ cement line, an osteon may actually act as a weakness in the bone and
+ facilitate crack propagation. (c) 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society.
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{O'Brien, FJ (Reprint Author), Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Anat, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Anat, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Mech \& Mfg Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.orthres.2004.08.005}},
+ISSN = {{0736-0266}},
+Keywords = {{microcrack; propagation; accumulation; osteon; barrier}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HUMAN COMPACT-BONE; FATIGUE DAMAGE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CORTICAL BONE;
+ MICRODAMAGE; ACCUMULATION; STIFFNESS; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Orthopedics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Orthopedics}},
+Author-Email = {{fjobrien@rcsi.ie}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lee, Clive/D-3119-2012
+ O'Brien, Fergal/F-9485-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{O'Brien, Fergal/0000-0003-2030-8005}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{98}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Orthop. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{905KN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227567100035}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000229533700002,
+Author = {Xiao, Y and Ishikawa, T},
+Title = {{Bearing strength and failure behavior of bolted composite joints (part
+ I: Experimental investigation)}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{65}},
+Number = {{7-8}},
+Pages = {{1022-1031}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The experimental investigations described in this paper were conducted
+ in order to study the strength and failure of mechanically fastened
+ composite joints. Two different types of polymer matrix-based Carbon
+ Fiber Reinforced Plastic laminates were selected to evaluate the effect
+ of resin properties on bearing response. A special measurement system
+ using a non-contact electro-optical extensometer to measure hole
+ elongation is proposed. During static tensile testing, the response of
+ bearing damage was monitored by acoustic emission measurement. Several
+ specimens were observed by means of soft X-ray radiography and SEM at
+ different loading levels to assess internal damage. The observations
+ indicate that the bearing failure can be outlined as a process of
+ compressive damage accumulation, and can be divided into the following
+ four stages: damage onset; damage growth; local fracture; structural
+ fracture. Major features of bearing failure include fiber
+ micro-buckling, matrix cracking, delamination and out-of-plane shear
+ cracking. Bearing strength and failure mode should also depend on the
+ lateral constraints and the ``toughness{''} of different polymer-matrix
+ based laminates. \© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xiao, Y (Reprint Author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Adv Composites Evaluat Technol Ctr, 6-13-1,Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
+ Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Adv Composites Evaluat Technol Ctr, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.02.011}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{composite materials; bearing strength; failure mechanisms;
+ non-destructive testing; mechanically fastened joint}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{xiaoyi@chofu.jaxa.jp}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{84}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{932DF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229533700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000232566600018,
+Author = {Segurado, J and Llorca, J},
+Title = {{A computational micromechanics study of the effect of interface
+ decohesion on the mechanical behavior of composites}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{53}},
+Number = {{18}},
+Pages = {{4931-4942}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{The influence of the interface properties (interface strength and
+ toughness) on the tensile deformation was studied in a model composite
+ made of a random distribution of stiff spherical particles embedded in a
+ ductile matrix. The composite behavior was simulated through the finite
+ element analysis of a three-dimensional representative volume element of
+ the composite microstructure, and interface decohesion was included by
+ means of interface elements whose behavior was governed by a cohesive
+ crack model. The patterns of interface decohesion were in excellent
+ agreement with experimental observations, and the independent effect of
+ both interface strength and toughness on the composite tensile
+ properties (yield strength, tensile strength and ductility) was assessed
+ by a parametrical study in composites with homogeneous and clustered
+ particle distributions. In addition, the ability to use the changes in
+ elastic stiffness or in volumetric strain to monitor damage during
+ deformation was determined. However, simple models of continuum damage
+ mechanics based on these parameters failed to predict the composite flow
+ stress in the presence of interface decohesion. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia
+ Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Llorca, J (Reprint Author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Mat Sci, ETS Ingn Caminos, Madrid 28040, Spain.
+ Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Mat Sci, ETS Ingn Caminos, Madrid 28040, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2005.07.013}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{computational micromechanics; particle-reinforced composites;
+ clustering; damage; interface decohesion}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SPHERE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; REPRESENTATIVE
+ VOLUME; HETEROGENEOUS BODIES; UNIT-CELL; DEFORMATION; PARTICULATE;
+ FRACTURE; SIZE; PLASTICITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{jllorca@mater.upm.es}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{LLorca, Javier/C-1140-2013
+ Segurado, Javier/M-7713-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{LLorca, Javier/0000-0002-3122-7879
+ Segurado, Javier/0000-0002-3617-2205
+ SEGURADO ESCUDERO, JAVIER/0000-0001-5055-3736}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{81}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{974BP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000232566600018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000229061700007,
+Author = {Gasser, TC and Holzapfel, GA},
+Title = {{Modeling 3D crack propagation in unreinforced concrete using PUFEM}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{194}},
+Number = {{25-26}},
+Pages = {{2859-2896}},
+Abstract = {{Concrete is a quasi-brittle material, where tensile failure involves
+ progressive micro-cracking, debounding and other complex irreversible
+ processes of internal damage. Strain-softening is a dominate feature and
+ advanced numerical schemes have to be applied in order to circumvent the
+ ill-posdness of the Boundary-Value Problem to deal with. Throughout the
+ paper we pursue the cohesive zone approach, where initialization and
+ coalescence of micro-cracks is lumped into the cohesive fracture process
+ zone in terms of accumulation of damage. We develop and employ a
+ (discrete) constitutive description of the cohesive zone, which is based
+ on a transversely isotropic traction separation law. The model reflects
+ an exponential decreasing traction with respect to evolving opening
+ displacement and is based on the theory of invariants. Non-negativeness
+ of the damage dissipation is proven and the associated numerical
+ embedded representation is based on the Partition of Unity Finite
+ Element Method. A consistent linearization of the method is presented,
+ where particular attention is paid to the (cohesive) traction terms.
+ Based on the proposed concept three numerical examples are studied in
+ detail, i.e. a double-notched specimen under tensile loading, a four
+ point shear test and a pull-out test of unreinforced concrete. The
+ computational results show mesh-independency and good correlation with
+ experimental results. \© 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Holzapfel, GA (Reprint Author), Graz Univ Technol, Inst Struct Anal, Schiesstattgasse 14-B, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
+ Graz Univ Technol, Inst Struct Anal, A-8010 Graz, Austria.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cma.2004.07.025}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7825}},
+Keywords = {{3D crack propagation; unreinforced concrete; PUFEM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; STRONG DISCONTINUITY APPROACH; FAILURE ANALYSIS;
+ BRITTLE-FRACTURE; LEVEL SETS; LOCALIZATION; GROWTH; DAMAGE; PLASTICITY;
+ CONTINUITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{gh@biomech.tu-graz.ac.at}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{64}},
+Times-Cited = {{80}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{925OF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229061700007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000232381700005,
+Author = {Shao, JF and Zhou, H and Chau, KT},
+Title = {{Coupling between anisotropic damage and permeability variation in
+ brittle rocks}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN
+ GEOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{29}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1231-1247}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, a coupled constitutive model is proposed for anisotropic
+ damage and permeability variation in brittle rocks under deviatoric
+ compressive stresses. The formulation of the model is based on
+ experimental evidences and main physical mechanisms involved in the
+ scale of microcracks are taken into account. The proposed model is
+ expressed in the macroscopic framework and can be easily implemented for
+ engineering application. The macroscopic free enthalpy of cracked solid
+ is first determined by approximating crack distribution by a
+ second-order damage tensor. The effective elastic properties of damaged
+ material are then derived from the free enthalpy function. The damage
+ evolution is related to the crack growth in multiple orientations. A
+ pragmatic approach inspired from fracture mechanics is used for the
+ formulation of the crack propagation criterion. Compressive stress
+ induced crack opening is taken into account and leads to macroscopic
+ volumetric dilatancy and permeability variation. The overall
+ permeability tensor of cracked material is determined using a
+ micro-macro averaging procedure. Darcy's law is used for fluid flow at
+ the macroscopic scale whereas laminar flow is assumed at the microcrack
+ scale. Hydraulic connectivity of cracks increases with crack growth. The
+ proposed model is applied to the Lac du Bonnet granite. Generally, good
+ agreement is observed between numerical simulations and experimental
+ data. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{CNRS, Lab Mech Lille, UMR8107, Polytech Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ CNRS, Lab Mech Lille, UMR8107, Polytech Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock \& Soil Mech, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
+ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nag.457}},
+ISSN = {{0363-9061}},
+EISSN = {{1096-9853}},
+Keywords = {{damage models; permeability change; microcracks; induced anisotropy;
+ brittle rocks; granite}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPRESSION; GRANITE; FAILURE; GROWTH; MASSES; MODEL; MICROMECHANICS;
+ GEOMATERIALS; TRANSITION; TENSOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{jian-fu.shao@polytech-lille.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{CHAU, K.T./A-8183-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{CHAU, K.T./0000-0002-3486-3547}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{72}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{971KB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000232381700005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000230547600017,
+Author = {Murakami, Y and Miller, KJ},
+Title = {{What is fatigue damage? A view point from the observation of low cycle
+ fatigue process}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{991-1005}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Note = {{Cumulative Fatigue Damage Conference, Univ Seville, Engn Sch, Seville,
+ SPAIN, MAY 27-29, 2003}},
+Abstract = {{Fatigue damage requires to be expressed in terms of a crack. This will
+ be revealed by several items of experimental evidence. First,
+ observations on a medium carbon steel that relate to the initiation
+ zones and the propagation of small cracks subjected to low cycle
+ fatigue, will be presented; these observations being based on surface
+ replica studies. It will be shown that the Coffin-Manson high-strain,
+ low-cycle, fatigue relationship is substantially the same as a crack
+ growth law. Second, the effect of prior fatigue history on the growth
+ rate of a small crack is investigated systematically using special
+ specimens containing an artificial small hole of various diameters, i.e.
+ 40, 100 and 200 Pm. Prior fatigue history is shown to have little
+ influence on the crack growth rate in the high-strain fatigue regime.
+ Third, it will be revealed that the loss of fracture ductility after
+ strain cycling in high-strain fatigue tests is attributable to the
+ existence of small surface cracks. The loss of fracture ductility
+ depends on the crack length l. If I is larger than a critical length
+ 1(c), the fatigue crack causes macroscopic shear fracture in a tensile
+ test following strain cycling. On the other hand, if I is smaller than
+ 1(c), the tensile fracture surfaces are of the cup-and-cone type. For
+ 70/30 brass, 1(c) is about 400 mu m. Thus, fatigue damage models which
+ ignore the reality of fatigue damage as expressed in terms of cracks
+ should not be used for fatigue life predictions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Murakami, Y (Reprint Author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Mech Engn Sci, Hakozaki Ku, 6-10-1 Hakozakiv, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan.
+ Kyushu Univ, Dept Mech Engn Sci, Hakozaki Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan.
+ Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.10.009}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{fatigue damage; low cycle fatigue; small crack; ductility; the
+ Coffin-Manson low}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS-STRAIN RESPONSE; CRACK-GROWTH; FCC METALS; ALLOYS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ymura@mech.kyushu-u.ac.jp}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{72}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{946BS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230547600017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000230334800014,
+Author = {Oka, YI and Yoshida, T},
+Title = {{Practical estimation of erosion damage caused by solid particle impact -
+ Part 2: Mechanical properties of materials directly associated with
+ erosion damage}},
+Journal = {{WEAR}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{259}},
+Number = {{1-6, 1, SI}},
+Pages = {{102-109}},
+Month = {{JUL-AUG}},
+Note = {{15th International Conference on Wear of Materials, San Diego, CA, APR
+ 24-28, 2005}},
+Abstract = {{In order to select high erosion resistant materials or to estimate
+ erosion damage caused by solid particle impact in actual cases, it is
+ very important to take the mechanical properties of a material into
+ account. It is well known that material hardness is closely related to
+ erosion damage to materials. Another mechanical property apart from
+ material hardness should be investigated, since the material hardness is
+ not necessarily an essential indicator for industrially useful
+ materials. From the fact that material removal is caused by indentation
+ processes, material hardness is clearly one of the predominant
+ parameter. It is also proposed that a new mechanical property directly
+ associated with erosion damage exists in the indentation phenomenon. In
+ quasi-static indentation tests using a WC ball, load relaxation after
+ the completion of the indentation was measured and characterized for
+ aluminum, copper, carbon steel and stainless steel specimens. It was
+ found that the degree of load relaxation depended upon the ability of
+ plastic flow for soft materials and upon brittleness accompanied by
+ intergranular cracks between composite phases for hard metallic
+ materials. It was concluded that a predictive equation containing both
+ material hardness and the load relaxation ratio could be related to
+ estimate experimental erosion damage data for many types of materials
+ under a variety of impact conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Oka, YI (Reprint Author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 7398527, Japan.
+ Hiroshima Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Higashihiroshima 7398527, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.wear.2005.01.040}},
+ISSN = {{0043-1648}},
+Keywords = {{estimation of erosion damage; predictive equation; solid particle
+ impact; mechanical properties; hardness; plastic flow; brittleness;
+ metallic materials}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{iyoshi@hiroshima-u.ac.jp}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{71}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Wear}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{943EJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230334800014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000225124000008,
+Author = {Donzella, G and Faccoli, M and Ghidini, A and Mazzu, A and Roberti, R},
+Title = {{The competitive role of wear and RCF in a rail steel}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{287-308}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Note = {{Workshop on Application of Fracture Mechanics to Railway Components,
+ GKSS Res Ctr Geesthacht, Geesthacht, GERMANY, APR 15-16, 2003}},
+Abstract = {{A model for assessing wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) in rails is
+ proposed, with particular emphasis for their competitive role.
+ RCF was studied taking into account different mechanisms of crack
+ nucleation and propagation in different working conditions, and failure
+ indexes are proposed to predict which damage mechanism prevails.
+ Wear was investigated in terms of wear rate under different working
+ conditions; a method to compare it to crack propagation rate is proposed
+ in order to predict if wear can remove surface cracks due to RCF.
+ The effectiveness of the method was verified by experimental tests. (C)
+ 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mazzu, A (Reprint Author), Univ Brescia, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
+ Univ Brescia, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
+ Lucchini Sidermeccan, I-25063 Lovere, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.04.011}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{rolling contact fatigue; wear; rails; cracks; elastic shakedown}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ROLLING-CONTACT FATIGUE; SURFACE; CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{angelo.mazzu@ing.unibs.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Donzella, Giorgio/B-9426-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{871IK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225124000008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000235222200002,
+Author = {Park, S and Yun, CB and Roh, Y and Lee, JJ},
+Title = {{Health monitoring of steel structures using impedance of thickness modes
+ at PZT patches}},
+Journal = {{SMART STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{1}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{339-353}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents the results of a feasibility study on an
+ impedance-based damage detection technique using thickness modes of
+ piezoelectric (PZT) patches for steel structures. It is newly proposed
+ to analyze the changes of the impedances of the thickness modes
+ (frequency range > 1 MHz) at the PZT based on its resonant frequency
+ shifts rather than those of the lateral modes (frequency range > 20 kHz)
+ at the PZT based on its root mean square (RMS) deviations, since the
+ former gives more significant variations in the resonant frequency
+ shifts of the signals for identifying localities of small damages under
+ the same measurement condition. In this paper, firstly, a numerical
+ analysis was performed to understand the basics of the NDE technique
+ using the impedance using an idealized 1-D electro-mechanical model
+ consisting of a steel plate and a PZT patch. Then, experimental studies
+ were carried out on two kinds of structural members of steel.
+ Comparisons have been made between the results of crack detections using
+ the thickness and lateral modes of the PZT patches.}},
+Publisher = {{TECHNO-PRESS}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Park, S (Reprint Author), Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea.
+ Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea.
+ Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Taegu, South Korea.}},
+ISSN = {{1738-1584}},
+Keywords = {{structural health monitoring; PZT; electro-mechanical impedance;
+ thickness modes; crack detection; steel structures}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments \&
+ Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{shparkpc@kaist.ac.kr
+ ycb@kaist.ac.kr
+ yryong@knu.ac.kr
+ jongjae@kaist.ac.kr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yun, Chung Bang/C-1206-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{13}},
+Times-Cited = {{63}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart. Struct. Syst.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{010UA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000235222200002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000230049400003,
+Author = {Lundmark, P and Varna, J},
+Title = {{Constitutive relationships for laminates with ply cracks in in-plane
+ loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{14}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{235-259}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{A theoretical framework which allows determining the whole set of 2-D
+ thermornechanical constants of a damaged laminate as a function of crack
+ density in different layers is presented. In this approach, closed-form
+ expressions, which contain thermoelastic ply properties, laminate layup,
+ and crack density as the input information are obtained. It is shown
+ that the crack opening displacement (COD) and crack face sliding
+ displacement, normalized with respect to a load variable, are important
+ parameters in these expressions influencing the level of the properties
+ degradation. They are determined in this paper using generalized plain
+ strain FEM analysis results for noninteractive cracks. The strong
+ dependence of the COD on the relative stiffness and thickness of the
+ surrounding layers, found in this study, is described by a power law.
+ The methodology is validated and the possible error introduced by the
+ noninteractive crack assumption is estimated by comparing with the 3-D
+ FEM solution for a cross-ply laminate with two orthogonal systems of ply
+ cracks. Experimental data and comparison with other models are used for
+ further verification.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Varna, J (Reprint Author), Lulea Univ Technol, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden.
+ Lulea Univ Technol, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1056789505050355}},
+ISSN = {{1056-7895}},
+Keywords = {{homogenization; intralaminar cracks; laminate stiffness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STIFFNESS REDUCTION; MATRIX CRACKING; TRANSVERSE CRACKING; STRESS
+ TRANSFER; COMPOSITE; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Damage Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{939CH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230049400003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000229166600025,
+Author = {Aifantis, KE and Dempsey, JP},
+Title = {{Stable crack growth in nanostructured Li-batteries}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{143}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{203-211}},
+Month = {{APR 27}},
+Abstract = {{The formation of damage, which results from the large volume expansion
+ of the active sites during electrochemical cycling, in rechargeable
+ Li-batteries, is modelled from a fracture mechanics viewpoint to
+ facilitate the selection of the most effective electrode materials and
+ configurations. The present study is a first step towards examining
+ stable cracking in such high-energy storage devices, by considering
+ three different configurations at the nanoscale, which are currently at
+ an experimental stage. As a result, stability diagrams concerning crack
+ growth are constructed and compared for the following cases: (a) the
+ electrodes are thin films, (b) the Li-insertion sites in the anode are
+ nanofibre-like inclusions, (c) the active sites in both electrodes are
+ spherical. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Aifantis, KE (Reprint Author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math \& Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
+ Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math \& Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
+ Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13676 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.11.037}},
+ISSN = {{0378-7753}},
+Keywords = {{Li-batteries; fracture mechanics; cracking}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ION BATTERIES; ANODES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy \& Fuels; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy \& Fuels; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{k.aifantis@damtp.cam.ac.uk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Power Sources}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{927BE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229166600025}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224447900003,
+Author = {Tanguy, B and Besson, J and Piques, R and Pineau, A},
+Title = {{Ductile to brittle transition of an A508 steel characterized by Charpy
+ impact test Part I: experimental results}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{49-72}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This study is devoted to the ductile-brittle transition behavior of a
+ French A508 Cl3 (16MND5) steel. Due to its importance for the safety
+ assessment of PWR vessels, a full characterization of this steel with
+ Charpy V-notch test in this range of temperature was undertaken. The aim
+ of this study is to provide a wide experimental database and
+ microstructural observations to supply, calibrate and validate models
+ used in a local approach methodology. Mechanical and fracture properties
+ of the steel have been investigated over a wide range of temperatures
+ and strain-rates. Effects of impact velocity on ductile-brittle
+ transition curve, on ductile tearing and on notch temperature rise are
+ presented and discussed. A detailed study of ductile crack initiation
+ and growth in Charpy specimens is also carried out. From fractographic
+ investigations of the microvoids nucleation around carbide second phase
+ particles, a plastic strain threshold for nucleation is determined for
+ this material. A508 Cl3 steels undergo a transition in fracture
+ toughness properties with temperature, due to a change in fracture mode
+ from microvoids coalescence to cleavage fracture. A systematic
+ investigation on the nature and the position of cleavage triggering
+ sites and on any change in the ductile to brittle transition (DBT) range
+ has been carried out. This leads to the conclusion that manganese
+ sulfide inclusions do not play an increasing role with increasing test
+ temperature as recently mentioned in other studies on A508 Cl3 steel
+ with a higher sulfur content. In a companion paper {[}Tanguy et al.,
+ Engng. Fract. Mech., in press], the numerical simulation of the Charpy
+ test in the ductile-brittle transition range using fully coupled local
+ approach to fracture is presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tanguy, B (Reprint Author), Ecole Mines, Ctr Mat, UMR CNRS 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Ecole Mines, Ctr Mat, UMR CNRS 7633, F-91003 Evry, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.enfracmech.2004.03.010}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7315}},
+Keywords = {{ductile to brittle transition; Charpy test; local approach; ductile
+ damage; cleavage triggering sites}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PRESSURE-VESSEL STEEL; LOW-ALLOY STEEL; CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; FERRITIC
+ STEEL; LOCAL APPROACH; VOID NUCLEATION; CRACK-GROWTH; MILD-STEEL; WELD
+ METAL; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{btanguy@mat.ensmp.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Besson, Jacques/A-4144-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Besson, Jacques/0000-0003-1975-2408}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{70}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{861VY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224447900003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000232190800001,
+Author = {Meo, M and Vignjevic, R and Marengo, G},
+Title = {{The response of honeycomb sandwich panels under low-velocity impact
+ loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1301-1325}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes the results of an experimental investigation and a
+ numerical simulation on the impact damage on a range of sandwich panels.
+ The test panels are representative of the composite sandwich structure
+ of the engine nacelle Fan Cowl Doors of a large commercial aircraft. The
+ low-velocity impact response of the composites sandwich panels is
+ studied at five energy levels, ranging from 5 to 20 J, with the
+ intention of investigating damage initiation, damage propagation, and
+ failure mechanisms. These impact energy levels are typically causing
+ barely visible impact damage (BVID) in the impacted composite facesheet.
+ A numerical simulation was performed using LS-DYNA3D transient dynamic
+ finite element analysis code for calculating contact forces during
+ impact along with a failure analysis for predicting the threshold of
+ impact damage and initiation of delaminations. Good agreement was
+ obtained between numerical and experimental results. In particular, the
+ numerical simulation was able to predict the extent of impact damage and
+ impact energy absorbed by the structure. The results of this study is
+ proving that a correct numerical model can yield significant information
+ for the designer to understand the mechanism involved in the
+ low-velocity impact event, prior to conducting tests, and therefore to
+ design a more efficient impact-resistant aircraft structure. (c) 2005
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Meo, M (Reprint Author), Cranfield Univ, Coll Aeronaut, Struct \& Mat Grp, Bedford MK43 0AL, England.
+ Cranfield Univ, Coll Aeronaut, Struct \& Mat Grp, Bedford MK43 0AL, England.
+ GKN Aerosp Serv, Cowes PO31 6RH, Wight, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2005.05.006}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+Keywords = {{sandwich panel; barely visible impact damage; low-velocity impact}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INTERSONIC CRACK-GROWTH; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; FAILURE CHARACTERISTICS;
+ ENERGY-ABSORPTION; LAYERED MATERIALS; DAMAGE MODEL; THIN-FILMS;
+ DELAMINATION; PROPAGATION; PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{m.meo@cranfield.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Meo, Michele/F-1293-2010
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Meo, Michele/0000-0003-1633-8930}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{66}},
+Times-Cited = {{59}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{968VK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000232190800001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000227486600011,
+Author = {Proudhon, H and Fouvry, S and Buffiere, JY},
+Title = {{A fretting crack initiation prediction taking into account the surface
+ roughness and the crack nucleation process volume}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{569-579}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents an experimental study of the fretting crack
+ nucleation threshold, expressed in terms of loading conditions, with a
+ cylinder/plane contact. The studied material is a damage tolerant
+ aluminium alloy widely used in the aerospace application. Since in
+ industrial problems, the surface quality is often variable, the impact
+ of a unidirectional roughness is investigated via varying the roughness
+ of the counter body in the fretting experiments. As expected,
+ experimental results show a large effect of the contact roughness on the
+ crack nucleation conditions. Rationalisation of the crack nucleation
+ boundary independently of the studied roughnesses was successfully
+ obtained by introducing the concept of effective contact area. This does
+ show that the fretting crack nucleation of the studied material can be
+ efficiently described by the local effective loadings inside the
+ contact. Analytical prediction of the crack nucleation is presented with
+ the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) parameter and size effect is also studied
+ and discussed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fouvry, S (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Lyon, Lab Tribol \& Dynam Syst, UMR 5513, 36 Ave Guy Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lyon, Lab Tribol \& Dynam Syst, UMR 5513, F-69134 Ecully, France.
+ Inst Natl Sci Appl, Grp Etud Met \& Phys Mat, UMR 5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.09.001}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{fretting; crack initiation; aluminium alloy; roughness; SWT fatigue
+ criterion; size effect}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE; LIFE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{siegfried.fouvry@ec-lyon.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Proudhon, Henry/C-3433-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Proudhon, Henry/0000-0002-4075-5577}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{58}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{904HL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227486600011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000226329500010,
+Author = {Diamanti, K and Soutis, C and Hodgkinson, JM},
+Title = {{Lamb waves for the non-destructive inspection of monolithic and sandwich
+ composite beams}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{36}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{189-195}},
+Note = {{7th International Conference on Deformation and Fracture of Composites
+ (DEF-7), Univ Sheffild, Sheffield, ENGLAND, APR 22-24, 2003}},
+Abstract = {{The aim of the current study is to develop a cost and time effective
+ inspection strategy for in-service health monitoring of composite
+ structures. An experimental study is presented, that demonstrates the
+ potential of low-frequency Lamb waves being used for the inspection of
+ monolithic and sandwich composite beams. Small and unobtrusive
+ piezoceramic patches are used to generate and capture flexural waves
+ propagating through the structure at low frequencies. Multidirectional
+ carbon fibre reinforced plastic beams of various Jay ups are tested for
+ the detection of matrix cracking, delaminations and broken fibres. The
+ technique is also successfully applied to the damage inspection of
+ composite sandwich beams. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hodgkinson, JM (Reprint Author), Univ Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
+ Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2AZ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.06.013}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{layered structures; defects; non-destructive testing; Lamb waves}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE DETECTION; PLATE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{c.soutis@sheffield.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Soutis, Constantinos/A-6984-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{58}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{887TX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226329500010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000231236700002,
+Author = {El Maaddawy, T and Soudki, K and Topper, T},
+Title = {{Long-term performance of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete beams}},
+Journal = {{ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{102}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{649-656}},
+Month = {{SEP-OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents the results of an experimental study designed to
+ investigate the combined effect of corrosion and sustained loads on the
+ structural performance of reinforced concrete beams. A total of nine
+ beams, each measuring 152 x 254 x 3200 mm, were tested. One beam was
+ tested as a virgin while eight beams were exposed to accelerated
+ corrosion for up to 310 days using an impressed current technique. Four
+ beams were corroded under a sustained load that corresponded to
+ approximately 60\% of the yield load of the virgin beam. The four
+ remaining beams were kept unloaded during the corrosion exposure. Test
+ results showed that the presence of a sustained load and associated
+ flexural cracks during corrosion exposure significantly reduced the time
+ to corrosion cracking and slightly increased the corrosion crack width.
+ The presence of flexural cracks during corrosion exposure initially
+ increased the steel mass loss rate and, consequently, the reduction in
+ the beam strength. As time progressed, no correlation between the
+ reduction in the beam strength and the presence of flexural cracks was
+ observed.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER CONCRETE INST}},
+Address = {{38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON
+ HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{El Maaddawy, T (Reprint Author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
+ Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.}},
+ISSN = {{0889-3241}},
+Keywords = {{concrete; corrosion; cracking; flexure; steel}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STEEL CORROSION; PHYSICAL MODEL; SEA STRUCTURES; BOND BEHAVIOR; CRACK
+ WIDTH; CHLORIDE; STRENGTH; BARS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{57}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{ACI Struct. J.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{955OX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000231236700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000227118500025,
+Author = {Patil, DP and Maiti, SK},
+Title = {{Experimental verification of a method of detection of multiple cracks in
+ beams based on frequency measurements}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{281}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{439-451}},
+Month = {{MAR 7}},
+Abstract = {{A method for prediction of location and size of multiple cracks based on
+ measurement of natural frequencies has been verified experimentally for
+ slender cantilever beams with two and three normal edge cracks. The
+ analysis is based on energy method and representation of a crack by a
+ rotational spring. For theoretical prediction the beam is divided into a
+ number of segments and each segment is considered to be associated with
+ a damage index. The damage index is an indicator of the extent of strain
+ energy stored in the rotational spring. The crack size is computed using
+ a standard relation between stiffness and crack size. Number of measured
+ frequencies equal to twice the number of cracks is adequate for the
+ prediction of location and size of all the cracks. The accuracy of
+ prediction of crack details is encouraging. The maximum error in
+ predicting location of cracks decreases with an increase in the number
+ of cracks. It is less than 10\% and 20\% for two and three cracks
+ respectively. The maximum error in predicting the crack size is less
+ than 12\% and 30\% respectively for the two cases. A strategy to
+ overcome failure in the prediction for cases with one of the cracks
+ located near an anti-node has been suggested. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Maiti, SK (Reprint Author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India.
+ Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsv.2004.03.035}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL FREQUENCIES; VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS; ARBITRARY NUMBER;
+ LOCATION; DAMAGE; ROTOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{skmaiti@me.iitb.ac.in}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{57}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{899AY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227118500025}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000229867100001,
+Author = {Tashman, L and Masad, E and Little, D and Zbib, H},
+Title = {{A micro structure-based viscoplastic model for asphalt concrete}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{21}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1659-1685}},
+Abstract = {{A microstructure-based viscoplastic continuum model is developed for the
+ permanent deformation of asphalt concrete (AC). The model accounts for
+ several phenomena that influence the permanent deformation of AC at high
+ temperatures. These phenomena include strain rate dependency, confining
+ pressure dependency, dilation, aggregate friction, anisotropy, and
+ damage.
+ The material anisotropy was included in the model by replacing the
+ stress invariants in the yield function with invariants of both the
+ stress and a microstructure tensor, which describes the aggregate
+ orientation distribution. The components of the microstructure tensor
+ were deter-mined using image analysis techniques (IAT) conducted on
+ digital images taken from two-dimensional cut sections of AC.
+ Furthermore, damage was included in the model based on the effective
+ stress theory to account for crack and air void growth that
+ significantly reduces the load-carrying capacity of the material.
+ Experimental data from triaxial compressive strength tests conducted at
+ five strain rates and three confining pressures were used to develop a
+ methodology to determine the material parameters that characterize AC
+ permanent deformation. The model predictions were in a good agreement
+ with the experimental measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tashman, L (Reprint Author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Texas A\&M Univ, Texas Transportat Inst, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Washington State Univ, Sch Mech \& Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.11.008}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{viscoplastic; anisotropy; continuum; damage; asphalt concrete;
+ microstructure; image analysis; permanent deformation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE STRAIN ELASTOPLASTICITY; CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; SUPERPLASTIC
+ DEFORMATION; CONFINING PRESSURE; BEREA SANDSTONE; COUPLED THEORY;
+ PLASTIC SPIN; BEHAVIOR; ANISOTROPY; MIXTURES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{ltashman@wsu.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
+Times-Cited = {{57}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{936PE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229867100001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000230054500016,
+Author = {Zhou, FH and Molinari, JF and Ramesh, KT},
+Title = {{A cohesive model based fragmentation analysis: effects of strain rate
+ and initial defects distribution}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{18-19}},
+Pages = {{5181-5207}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{A one-dimensional fragmentation analysis that incorporates elastic wave
+ propagation and a cohesive failure process is presented. An irreversible
+ cohesive law models the internal crack nucleation and opening process,
+ and the elastodynamic states of the intact material are calculated using
+ the method of characteristics. Both the average fragment size and the
+ fragment size distribution are obtained. The fragmentation of a model
+ ceramic system is simulated over a wide range of strain rates, and the
+ calculated results are compared to existing theoretical, numerical and
+ experimental results. In the high strain-rate regime, the calculated
+ average fragment size is smaller than that predicted by energy models,
+ but at quasistatic rates the calculated average size is larger than that
+ estimated by Such models. The intrinsic mechanisms leading to these
+ deviations are discussed. The fragment size distributions exhibit
+ similarity under all strain-rate range. The effect of the distribution
+ of internal defects on the fragmentation and fragment size distribution
+ is also investigated using this methodology. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhou, FH (Reprint Author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Engn Mech, 232 Latrobe Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
+ Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.02.009}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{fragmentation; dynamic fracture; cohesive model; wave analysis;
+ intrinsic defect}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DYNAMIC FRAGMENTATION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS;
+ CRACK-GROWTH; FRACTURE; DAMAGE; STATISTICS; SOLIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{fzhou@jhu.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{939EF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000230054500016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000226698400005,
+Author = {Nakagawa, M and Matono, Y and Matsuya, S and Udoh, K and Ishikawa, K},
+Title = {{The effect of Pt and Pd alloying additions on the corrosion behavior of
+ titanium in fluoride-containing environments}},
+Journal = {{BIOMATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{26}},
+Number = {{15}},
+Pages = {{2239-2246}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{In this study, we examined the corrosion behaviors of pure titanium, the
+ alloys Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb, and the new experimental alloys Ti-Pt
+ and Ti-Pd using anodic polarization and corrosion potential measurements
+ in an environment containing fluoride. Before and after immersion in the
+ test solutions, we made observations using a scanning electron
+ microscope. The test solutions included an artificial saliva containing
+ 0.2\% NaF (corresponding to 905ppm F) and an artificial saliva with a
+ low concentration of oxygen. Although the surfaces of the Ti-Pt and
+ Ti-Pd alloys were not affected by an acidic environment containing
+ fluoride, the surfaces of the pure titanium, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and
+ the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy were markedly roughened by corrosion. The surfaces
+ of the pure titanium, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy were
+ microscopically damaged by corrosion when they were immersed in the
+ solution containing a low concentration of dissolved oxygen, even with a
+ fluoride concentration included in the commercial dentifrices. In this
+ situation, however, the surfaces of the new Ti-Pt and Ti-Pd alloys were
+ not affected. These alloys are expected to be of use in dental work as
+ new titanium alloys with high corrosion resistances. (C) 2004 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nakagawa, M (Reprint Author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Dent Sci, Dept Biomat, Div Oral Rehabil,Higashi Ku, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan.
+ Kyushu Univ, Fac Dent Sci, Dept Biomat, Div Oral Rehabil,Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.022}},
+ISSN = {{0142-9612}},
+Keywords = {{titanium; titanium alloy; corrosion; fluoride; anodic polarization;
+ corrosion potential}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELECTRONIC STATES; AQUEOUS CORROSION; PURE TITANIUM; RESISTANCE;
+ CATHODES; SURFACES; CRACKING; METALS; PH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials}},
+Author-Email = {{nakagawa@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Biomaterials}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{893DB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226698400005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000232252800029,
+Author = {Khan, ZA and Hadfield, M and Shogo, TB and Wang, Y},
+Title = {{Ceramic rolling elements with ring crack defects - A residual stress
+ approach}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{404}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{221-226}},
+Month = {{SEP 15}},
+Abstract = {{Experimental results of rolling contact fatigue on ceramic bearing
+ elements with refrigerant lubrication are presented. Residual stress
+ measurements located on the contact path and other locations on the
+ surface are described. An X-ray method was employed. Residual stress
+ measurements are helpful in predicting rolling contact fatigue life. In
+ addition, analysing the relationship of residual stress with rolling
+ contact fatigue is an important study, which will provide guidelines on
+ the design, process and manufacturing of these elements. During this
+ research, ring crack defects were induced in ceramic rolling contact
+ bearing elements. A compressive residual stress value of -73 MPa near
+ the ring crack and a comparatively lower value of - 12 MPa on the
+ contact indicate sub-surface crack initiation and propagation. The
+ average fatigue spall ranges from 100 to 148 mu m in depth.
+ Within the spall area residual stress measurements suggest that
+ compressive residual stress is relieved much faster in the region of
+ sub-surface damage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Khan, ZA (Reprint Author), Bournemouth Univ, Sustainable Design Res Ctr, Sch Design Engn \& Comp, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow BH12 5BB, Dorset, England.
+ Bournemouth Univ, Sustainable Design Res Ctr, Sch Design Engn \& Comp, Fern Barrow BH12 5BB, Dorset, England.
+ Ashikaga Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ashikaga City, Tochigi 326, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.087}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{silicon nitride; bearing elements; rolling contact; refrigerant
+ lubrication; residual stress}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SILICON-NITRIDE; FAILURE MODES; CONTACT; BALLS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{zkhan@boumemouth.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Khan, Zulfiqar/G-5135-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Khan, Zulfiqar/0000-0002-8725-5166}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{55}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{969RQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000232252800029}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000226769700014,
+Author = {Zitoune, R and Collombet, F and Lachaud, F and Piquet, R and Pasquet, P},
+Title = {{Experiment-calculation comparison of the cutting conditions
+ representative of the long fiber composite drilling phase}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{65}},
+Number = {{3-4}},
+Pages = {{455-466}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Note = {{13th French National Conference on Composites, Strasbourg, FRANCE, MAR
+ 12-14, 2003}},
+Organization = {{Assoc Mat Comp}},
+Abstract = {{With the aim of damage modeling in long fiber composite structures
+ during drilling, a simplified framework of study is adopted with the
+ choice of orthogonal cutting. This study consists of two parts, The
+ first is related to the experimental analysis of the orthogonal cutting
+ applied to unidirectional laminates in carbon/epoxy for various angles
+ between the direction of fibers and the toot cutting direction (cutting
+ speed). The second part concerns the numerical modeling of the
+ orthogonal cutting in statics for the simple case of fibers orientated
+ at 0degrees with respect to the tool's cutting direction. The
+ experimental study of the cut highlights the great influence of the
+ angle between the fiber orientation and the direction of cutting speed
+ of the tool on the chip formation as well as the rupture modes.
+ Numerical computation is based on the fracture process and more
+ particularly on the computation of the energy release rate by the method
+ Virtual Crack Extension (using the software, SAMCEF). It makes it
+ possible to measure the influence of the geometry of the cutting tool
+ and the depth of the cut on the cutting force. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zitoune, R (Reprint Author), Univ Toulouse 2, Lab Gen Mecan Toulouse, Dept GMP, 133 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse 04, France.
+ Univ Toulouse 2, Lab Gen Mecan Toulouse, Dept GMP, F-31077 Toulouse 04, France.
+ Ecole Natl Super Ingn Construct Aeronaut, Dept GM, F-31056 Toulouse, France.
+ Samtech Paris, F-91945 Courtaboeuf, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.09.028}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{drilling; composite material; orthogonal cutting; fracture mechanics;
+ finite element methods}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED PLASTICS; GRAPHITE/EPOXY COMPOSITE; TOOL WEAR; MECHANISMS;
+ LAMINATE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{Redouane.Zitoun@gmp.iut-tlse3.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Collombet, Francis/C-2606-2014
+ Zitoune, Redouane/D-2367-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zitoune, Redouane/0000-0003-4375-0998}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{55}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{894DE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226769700014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000226257700004,
+Author = {Rabczuk, T and Akkermann, J and Eibl, J},
+Title = {{A numerical model for reinforced concrete structures}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{5-6}},
+Pages = {{1327-1354}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes a two-dimensional approach to model fracture of
+ reinforced concrete structures under (increasing) static loading
+ conditions. The first part is dedicated to the concrete material. The
+ concrete is described in compression by a non-local isotropic damage
+ constitutive law. In tension, a fictitious crack/crack band model is
+ proposed. The influence of biaxial stress states is incorporated in the
+ constitutive relations. In the second part a bond model is described. It
+ accounts for different failure mechanisms, a pullout failure and a
+ splitting failure. This approach is applied to prestressed concrete
+ beams with different failure mechanisms. The numerical results are
+ compared to experimental data and show good agreement. (C) 2004 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Rabczuk, T (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Concrete Struct \& Bldg Mat, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.07.019}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PERFORMANCE-BASED OPTIMIZATION; FREE GALERKIN METHODS; MICROPLANE MODEL;
+ CONTINUUM DAMAGE; FINITE-ELEMENTS; CRACK-GROWTH; STRESS; STRAIN;
+ LOCALIZATION; COMPRESSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{t-rabczuk@northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rabczuk, Timon/A-3067-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Rabczuk, Timon/0000-0002-7150-296X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{54}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{886UH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226257700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000232878000005,
+Author = {Bovsunovsky, A and Surace, C},
+Title = {{Considerations regarding superharmonic vibrations of a cracked beam and
+ the variation in damping caused by the presence of the crack}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{288}},
+Number = {{4-5}},
+Pages = {{865-886}},
+Month = {{DEC 20}},
+Abstract = {{A closing crack causes the dynamic behaviour of a vibrating system to be
+ significantly nonlinear. The main distinctive features of such a
+ vibrating system are the appearance of sub- and superharmonic
+ resonances, and the significant nonlinearity of the vibration responses
+ at sub- and superharmonic resonances (displacement, acceleration,
+ strain, etc.). The nonlinear effects are much more sensitive to the
+ presence of a crack than are either the change of natural frequencies
+ and mode shapes or the generation of high harmonics in the spectrum of
+ vibration at principal resonance or far from resonance. Thus, the
+ appearance of sub- and superharmonic resonances may prove to be useful,
+ highly sensitive indicators of a crack's presence at very early stages
+ of its nucleation; moreover, the level of response nonlinearity in this
+ regime may provide a quantitative evaluation of damage parameters (type,
+ size and location).
+ At the same time, the manifestation of nonlinear effects depends not
+ only on the crack parameters but also on the level of damping in a
+ vibrating system. Recent experimental tests have revealed that crack
+ nucleation and growth result in an increase of damping in a vibrating
+ system. Consequently, the influence of crack's parameters upon the
+ nonlinear effects should be determined while taking into account the
+ change of damping in a vibrating system rather than assuming either
+ constant damping or the total absence of damping.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Surace, C (Reprint Author), Politecn Torino, Dept Struct \& Geotech Engn, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
+ Politecn Torino, Dept Struct \& Geotech Engn, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
+ Inst Problems Strength, Dept Vibrat \& Reliabil Struct Vibrat, UA-01014 Kiev, Ukraine.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsv.2005.01.038}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE CRACKS; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{bovs@ipp.kiev.ua
+ cecilia.surace@polito.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bovsunovsky, Anatoliy/K-8144-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bovsunovsky, Anatoliy/0000-0001-9562-0250}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{978MP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000232878000005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000226331700005,
+Author = {Paik, JK and Kumar, YVS and Lee, JM},
+Title = {{Ultimate strength of cracked plate elements under axial compression or
+ tension}},
+Journal = {{THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{237-272}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{In addition to corrosion, fatigue cracking is another important factor
+ of age related structural degradation, which has been a primary source
+ of costly repair work of aging steel structures. Cracking damage has
+ been found in welded joints and local areas of stress concentrations
+ such as at the weld intersections of longitudinals, frames and girders.
+ Fatigue cracking has usually been dealt with as a matter under cyclic
+ loading, but it is also important for residual strength assessment under
+ monotonic extreme loading, because fatigue cracking reduces the ultimate
+ strength significantly under certain circumstances.
+ In this paper, an experimental and numerical study on the ultimate
+ strength of cracked steel plate elements subjected to axial compressive
+ or tensile loads is carried out. The ultimate strength reduction
+ characteristics of plate elements due to cracking damage are
+ investigated with varying size and location of the cracking damage, both
+ experimentally and numerically. Ultimate strength tests on cracked steel
+ plates under axial tension and cracked box type steel structure models
+ under axial compression are undertaken. A series of ANSYS nonlinear
+ finite element analyses for cracked plate elements are performed. Based
+ on the experimental and numerical results obtained from the present
+ study, theoretical models for predicting the ultimate strength of
+ cracked plate elements under axial compression or tension are developed.
+ The results of the experiments and numerical computations obtained are
+ documented. The insights developed will be very useful for the ultimate
+ limit state based risk or reliability assessment of aging steel plated
+ structures with cracking damage. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Paik, JK (Reprint Author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Naval Architecture \& Ocean Engn, 30 Jangjeon Dong, Pusan 609735, South Korea.
+ Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Naval Architecture \& Ocean Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.tws.2004.07.010}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8231}},
+Keywords = {{aging steel plated structures; ultimate strength; cracked plates;
+ fatigue cracking damage; steel plate elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BUCKLING BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{jeompaik@pusan.ac.kr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lee, Jae-Myung/0000-0002-8096-4306}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{51}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Thin-Walled Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{887UT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226331700005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000233060700002,
+Author = {Tenchev, R and Purnell, P},
+Title = {{An application of a damage constitutive model to concrete at high
+ temperature and prediction of spalling}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{26}},
+Pages = {{6550-6565}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{A characteristic feature of concrete under uniaxial compression is the
+ development of cracks parallel to the loading direction. A damage
+ constitutive model proposed by Ortiz {[}Ortiz, M., 1985. A constitutive
+ theory for the inelastic behaviour of concrete. Mech. Mater. 4, 67-93]
+ can predict the transverse tensile stress responsible for these cracks
+ by considering the interaction between the aggregate and the mortar and
+ the development of damage in the latter. When concrete is exposed to
+ high temperature, as is the case during fire, the failure mode is
+ thermal spalling. In order to improve the prediction of the stresses
+ involved in this failure Ortiz's model is extended to account for the
+ effects of high temperature. Published experimental results for uniaxial
+ and biaxial compression at high temperatures are used to calibrate the
+ temperature dependence of some of the material properties. The transient
+ creep strain is accounted for by modifying the constrained thermal
+ strain. The stress analysis is coupled with hygro-thermal analysis of
+ heat, mass transfer and pore pressure build-up. The effect of pore
+ pressure on the damage evolution is modeled by applying a body force in
+ the stress analysis module proportional to the pressure gradient. A
+ numerical example of concrete under fire is solved and the computed
+ results are discussed. Spalling is predicted when the damage variable
+ reaches its maximum value of unity. The predicted depth and time of
+ spalling for a range of variation of permeability and initial liquid
+ water content are presented. They are in good agreement with published
+ experimental results. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tenchev, R (Reprint Author), Univ Warwick, Dept Civil Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
+ Univ Warwick, Dept Civil Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.06.016}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{material model; thermal stress; pore pressure; damage; spalling}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{R.Tenchev@warwick.ac.uk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Purnell, Phil/0000-0002-6099-3804}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{49}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{981AZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000233060700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000225783300009,
+Author = {Valluzzi, MR and Binda, L and Modena, C},
+Title = {{Mechanical behaviour of historic masonry structures strengthened by bed
+ joints structural repointing}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{19}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{63-73}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{A study on the mechanical behaviour of brick masonry structures
+ subjected to overloading phenomena is presented. Such structures suffer
+ a very specific damage, represented by diffused thin cracks, which can
+ lead to long terms effects up to a sudden collapse. A strengthening
+ technique, based on the insertion of steel bars in the bed joints is
+ proposed. Experimental tests and numerical analyses showed that the
+ presence of the bars allows control of the cracking phenomena, keeping
+ the structure in the desired safety conditions. Two case studies,
+ recently carried out by the Polytechnic of Milan on masonry towers are
+ also discussed. Finally, the application of the strengthening technique
+ to two masonry churches is briefly described. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Valluzzi, MR (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Construct \& Transportat Engn DCT, Via Marzolo 9, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
+ Univ Padua, Dept Construct \& Transportat Engn DCT, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
+ Politecn Milan, Dept Struct Engn DIS, I-20133 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.036}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{brick masonry; creep effects; bed joint reinforcement}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{valluzzi@caronte.dic.unipd.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Modena, Claudio/0000-0001-7289-6879}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{8}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{880IW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225783300009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000225827300004,
+Author = {Bazant, ZP and Caner, FC},
+Title = {{Microplane model M5 with kinematic and static constraints for concrete
+ fracture and anelasticity. I: Theory}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{131}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{31-40}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Presented is a new microplane model for concrete, labeled M5, which
+ improves the representation of tensile cohesive fracture by eliminating
+ spurious excessive lateral strains and stress locking for far postpeak
+ tensile strains. To achieve improvement, a kinematically constrained
+ microplane system simulating hardening nonlinear behavior (nearly
+ identical to previous Model M4 stripped of tensile softening) is coupled
+ in series with a statically constrained microplane system simulating
+ solely the cohesive tensile fracture. This coupling is made possible by
+ developing a new iterative algorithm and by proving the conditions of
+ its convergence. The special aspect of this algorithm (contrasting with
+ the classical return mapping algorithm for hardening plasticity) is that
+ the cohesive softening stiffness matrix (which is not positive definite)
+ is used as the predictor and the hardening stiffness matrix as the
+ corrector. The softening cohesive stiffness for fracturing is related to
+ the fracture energy of concrete and the effective crack spacing. The
+ postpeak softening slopes on the microplanes can be adjusted according
+ to the element size in the sense of the crack band model. Finally, an
+ incremental thermodynamic potential for the coupling of statically and
+ kinematically constrained microplane systems is formulated. The data
+ fitting and experimental calibration for tensile strain softening are
+ relegated to a subsequent paper in this issue, while all the nonlinear
+ triaxial response in compression remains the same as for Model M4.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bazant, ZP (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, 2145 Sheridan Rd,Tech A135, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:(31)}},
+ISSN = {{0733-9399}},
+EISSN = {{1943-7889}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; BRITTLE-PLASTIC MATERIAL; LARGE-STRAIN; DAMAGE;
+ VERIFICATION; CRYSTALS; STRESSES; METALS; SHEAR; M4}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{z-bazant@northwestern.edu
+ ferhun.caner@upc.es}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009
+ Caner, Ferhun/E-5848-2010}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Caner, Ferhun/0000-0002-6448-0942}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Eng. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{880YS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225827300004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000227825900003,
+Author = {Gning, PB and Tarfaoui, M and Collombet, F and Riou, L and Davies, P},
+Title = {{Damage development in thick composite tubes under impact loading and
+ influence on implosion pressure: experimental observations}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{36}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{306-318}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents experimental results obtained from quasi-static and
+ impact indentation tests on thick +55 degrees filament wound glass/epoxy
+ tubes intended for underwater applications. Drop weight impact tests
+ have been performed on 55 mm internal diameter 6 mm, thick tubes at
+ energies up to 45 J. Ultrasonic inspection was employed first to
+ determine projected damage areas. A large number of samples were then
+ sectioned and polished and the true damage area was revealed by a dye
+ penetrant technique. This has enabled detailed descriptions of damage
+ development to be made. The true damage area is roughly 10 times the
+ projected area. The influence of impact damage on implosion pressure is
+ described. Above a critical impact energy level a significant drop in
+ implosion resistance is noted, which is related to the appearance of
+ intralaminar cracks. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Davies, P (Reprint Author), IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
+ IFREMER, Ctr Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
+ MSN, ENSIETA, F-29806 Brest, France.
+ IUT Paul Sabatier, PRO COM 2, LGMT, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
+ ISAT, F-58027 Nevers, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.11.004}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+Keywords = {{glass fibre; cylinder}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FILAMENT-WOUND PIPES; FAILURE; DEFORMATION; INDENTATION; CYLINDERS;
+ STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{peter.davies@ifremer.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{davies, peter/C-6524-2011
+ Collombet, Francis/C-2606-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{davies, peter/0000-0002-0884-748X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{908YK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227825900003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000227853200004,
+Author = {Guu, YH},
+Title = {{AFM surface imaging of AISI D2 tool steel machined by the EDM process}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{242}},
+Number = {{3-4}},
+Pages = {{245-250}},
+Month = {{APR 15}},
+Abstract = {{The surface morphology, surface roughness and micro-crack of AISI D2
+ tool steel machined by the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process
+ were analyzed by means of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique.
+ Experimental results indicate that the surface texture after EDM is
+ determined by the discharge energy during processing. An excellent
+ machined finish can be obtained by setting the machine parameters at a
+ low pulse energy. The surface roughness and the depth of the
+ micro-cracks were proportional to the power input. Furthermore, the AFM
+ application yielded information about the depth of the micro-cracks is
+ particularly important in the post treatment of AISI D2 tool steel
+ machined by EDM. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Guu, YH (Reprint Author), Natl United Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1 Lien Da, Kung Ching Li 360, Miaoli, Taiwan.
+ Natl United Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kung Ching Li 360, Miaoli, Taiwan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.08.028}},
+ISSN = {{0169-4332}},
+Keywords = {{atomic force microscopy (AFM); electrical discharge machining (EDM);
+ surface morphology; micro-crack; surface roughness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PARAMETERS; FATIGUE; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings \& Films; Physics,
+ Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{yhorng@nuu.edu.tw}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Surf. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{909II}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227853200004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000225137200028,
+Author = {Maillot, V and Fissolo, A and Degallaix, G and Degallaix, S},
+Title = {{Thermal fatigue crack networks parameters and stability: an experimental
+ study}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{759-769}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{A thermal fatigue device-called SPLASH-similar to the facility developed
+ by Marsh {[}Fatigue crack initiation and propagation in stainless steels
+ subjected to thermal cycling, International Conference on Mechanical
+ Behaviour and Nuclear Applications of Stainless Steels at Elevated
+ Temperature, 1981] has been built in CEA/SRMA in 1985. Since then, it
+ was used mostly on austenitic stainless steels to assess the initiation
+ and growth of thermal fatigue crack networks. In 1998, a leak appeared
+ in an auxiliary loop of the primary circuit of a pressurized water
+ nuclear plant in Civaux (France). Thermal fatigue was suspected and
+ studies began on AISI 304 L type austenitic stainless steel. They were
+ eventually compared to results obtained earlier on AISI 316 L(N). First,
+ the initiation conditions were determined and the damage before
+ initiation was qualitatively observed. Then, some crack networks
+ parameters were chosen and quantitatively determined by image analysis.
+ This part of the study was done at the surface, during crack growth, and
+ at the end of the tests, in depth. Finally, the stability of the crack
+ networks obtained by thermal fatigue was tested under isothermal load
+ controlled four point bending fatigue test, and some conclusions were
+ drawn on the mechanisms of propagating crack selection. (C) 2004
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Maillot, V (Reprint Author), CEA Saclay, DMN SRMA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
+ CEA Saclay, DMN SRMA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
+ CEA Saclay, DM2S SEMT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lille, F-59651 Villeneuve Dascq, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.06.032}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{thermal fatigue; crack networks; initiation; propagation; stability; 304
+ L}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{valerie.maillot@cea.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{7}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{871MG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000225137200028}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000227939700011,
+Author = {Tay, TE and Tan, SHN and Tan, VBC and Gosse, JH},
+Title = {{Damage progression by the element-failure method (EFM) and strain
+ invariant failure theory (SIFT)}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{65}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{935-944}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A novel element-failure method (EFM) has been used with a recently
+ proposed micromechanics-based failure criterion SIFT for the modeling of
+ progressive damage in composite laminates. The element-failure concept
+ is a potentially practical method for the modelling of damage, fracture
+ and delamination in fiber-reinforced composite laminates. When the
+ modeled damage is propagating within a finite element, the element is
+ considered to have partially failed, but not removed from the
+ computations. Consequently, only a fraction of the stresses that were
+ computed before the damage entered the element contribute to the nodal
+ forces of the element. The concept is especially useful when extended to
+ composite structures because the nature of damage in composite laminates
+ is generally diffused, characterized by multiple matrix cracks, fiber
+ pullout, fiber breakage and delaminations. It is usually not possible to
+ identify crack tips in the fashion of traditional fracture mechanics.
+ Since parts of a damaged composite structure are often able to partially
+ transmit load despite the presence of some damage, it is advantageous to
+ model the damaged portions with partially failed elements. The damage
+ may be efficiently modeled and tracked using element-failure concepts,
+ with the application of appropriate failure criteria and damage
+ evolution laws. The idea is to embody the effects of damage into the
+ effective nodal forces of the finite element. Here, we report the novel
+ use of element-failure concepts with a recently proposed composites
+ failure criterion called the strain invariant failure theory (SIFT) in
+ the prediction of damage progression and delamination in a composite
+ laminate subjected to three-point bend. The predicted damage propagation
+ patterns are in good agreement with experimental observation when the
+ EFM is used with SIFT. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tay, TE (Reprint Author), Natl Univ Singapore, Div Bioengn, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
+ Natl Univ Singapore, Div Bioengn, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
+ Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Engn Mech, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
+ Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.10.022}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{progressive damage; delamination}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{mpetayte@nus.edu.sg}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Tan, Vincent/0000-0003-1436-5337
+ Tay, Tong-Earn/0000-0002-2846-1947}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{8}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{910NX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227939700011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000224038000006,
+Author = {Feih, S and Shercliff, HR},
+Title = {{Adhesive and composite failure prediction of single-L joint structures
+ under tensile loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{25}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{47-59}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{In this article, single-L composite peel joints are investigated under
+ tensile loading. The adhesive peel fillet is the critical component
+ regarding joint failure, with sub-critical damage developing in the
+ composite. Optimisation of the joint can be achieved by changing the
+ fillet shape. A method of adhesive injection was applied to guarantee
+ repeatable joint designs. Experimental testing shows an increase in
+ joint strength of up to 100\% by altering the fillet shape. Numerically,
+ sub-critical composite failure, composite delamination and adhesive
+ failure are investigated. Adhesive failure criteria are reviewed and
+ compared to the experimental outcome. A zone criterion was found to
+ predict the failure load best for different fillet shapes, while a
+ damage mechanics approach could be applied to simulate the crack growth
+ during adhesive failure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Feih, S (Reprint Author), Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
+ Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England.
+ TWI Ltd, Cambridge CB1 6AL, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2004.02.005}},
+ISSN = {{0143-7496}},
+Keywords = {{epoxy/epoxides; composites; finite element stress analysis; joint design}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INTERLAMINAR TENSILE; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; STRENGTH; CRITERION; STRESS;
+ ZONE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{stefanie.feih@risoe.dk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{856ID}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000224038000006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000227234200012,
+Author = {Zairi, F and Nait-Abdelaziz, M and Woznica, K and Gloaguen, JM},
+Title = {{Constitutive equations for the viscoplastic-damage behaviour of a
+ rubber-modified polymer}},
+Journal = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS A-SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{169-182}},
+Month = {{JAN-FEB}},
+Abstract = {{In this work, experimental tests in tension on a RT-PMMA material have
+ been achieved under various constant true strain rates and at room
+ temperature. The volumetric dilatation was determined in real time
+ during the deformation by videomeasurements. The experimental results
+ have revealed the presence of both the nucleation and growth deformation
+ mechanisms. Modified viscoplastic constitutive equations for homogeneous
+ glassy polymers at isothermal loading, including strain softening and
+ strain hardening, are proposed. Such a model is based upon an approach
+ originally developed for metals at high temperature. Next, this modified
+ model is coupled with a micromechanics formulation, using the
+ Gurson-Tvergaard model, to investigate the macroscopic mechanical
+ response of the RT-PMMA. The constitutive relation includes strain
+ softening, strain hardening, strain rate sensitivity and void evolution.
+ In the test conditions, the modified viscoplastic model coupled with the
+ original Gurson-Tvergaard model produce quantitative agreement with
+ experimental observations. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER}},
+Address = {{23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zairi, F (Reprint Author), Univ Sci \& Technol Lille, Polytech Lille, Lab Mecan Lille, Ave P Langevin, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Univ Sci \& Technol Lille, Polytech Lille, Lab Mecan Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ ENSI Bourges, F-18020 Bourges, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.euromechsol.2004.11.003}},
+ISSN = {{0997-7538}},
+Keywords = {{viscoplasticity; void growth; rubber-modified polymer}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TOUGHENED POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); GLASSY-POLYMERS;
+ PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; DUCTILE RUPTURE; CRACK-GROWTH; STRAIN; SOLIDS;
+ BLENDS; FRACTURE; PARTICLES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{fahmi.zairi@polytech-lille.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{NAIT ABDELAZIZ, Moussa/0000-0001-6541-2899}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eur. J. Mech. A-Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{900SI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000227234200012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000229533700005,
+Author = {Kirugulige, MS and Kitey, R and Tippur, H},
+Title = {{Dynamic fracture behavior of model sandwich structures with functionally
+ graded core: a feasibility study}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{65}},
+Number = {{7-8}},
+Pages = {{1052-1068}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Feasibility of introducing compositional gradients to the core of a
+ sandwich structure and the resulting fracture behavior under impact
+ loading conditions is the primary focus of the study. Model sandwich
+ structures comprising of graded core with bilinear variation of volume
+ fraction of hollow microballoons are considered for experimental and
+ numerical simulations. Conventional sandwiches with homogeneous core are
+ also developed for comparison. The crack tip in both configurations is
+ positioned such that global as well as local material characteristics
+ are matched in both models. Dynamic mode-I crack tip deformations are
+ mapped experimentally using optical interferometry and high-speed
+ photography. Measurement of fracture parameter histories is used to
+ demonstrate equivalence between graded and conventional architectures.
+ The fracture behavior in sandwich core is explained using independent
+ experimental results obtained from monotonically graded foam sheets. The
+ measurements up to crack initiation are also used to validate finite
+ element models. The numerical models are subsequently used in a
+ parametric study of different elastic impedance gradients in the core on
+ mixed-mode fracture performance of graded sandwich structures having a
+ crack at the face-sheet/core interface under stress-wave loading
+ conditions. The results show significant reduction in stress
+ intensification in the presence of compositional gradients when compared
+ to conventional constructions. \© 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tippur, H (Reprint Author), Auburn Univ, Dept Engn Mech, 202 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
+ Auburn Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.10.029}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{sandwich structures}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITE SANDWICH; GRADIENT MATERIAL; FOAM-CORE; ELASTIC GRADIENT;
+ IMPACT DAMAGE; PART I; FAILURE; STRESS; CRACKS; FIELDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{htippur@eng.auburn.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Tippur, Hareesh/H-1381-2017}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{932DF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229533700005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000226679300015,
+Author = {Bott, ID and De Souza, LFG and Teixeira, JCG and Rios, PR},
+Title = {{High-strength steel development for pipelines: A Brazilian perspective}},
+Journal = {{METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
+ MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{36A}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{443-454}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{The production of American Petroleum Institute (API) class steels using
+ the traditional controlled rolling route rather than the process
+ involving accelerated cooling necessitates a careful adjustment of steel
+ composition associated with the optimization of the rolling schedule for
+ the deformation and phase transformation characteristics of these
+ modified alloys. The current work presents a study of two, NbCr and
+ NbCrMo, steel systems. The microstructure obtained is correlated not
+ only with the resulting mechanical properties, but also with the
+ weldability and resistance to damage in the aggressive environments to
+ which the materials are exposed. The evaluation of the steels was
+ undertaken at two stages along the production route, sampling the
+ material as plate and as tubular product, according to the API 5L 2000
+ standard. Tensile testing, Charpy-V impact testing, and hardness
+ measurements were used to determine the mechanical properties, and
+ microstructural characterization was performed by optical and scanning
+ electron microscopy. The results showed that it was possible to obtain
+ good impact properties, for both steels, in plate and tube formats. The
+ Charpy-V impact energy, measured at -20 degreesC from 100 to 250 J
+ corresponds to a toughness level above that required by the API 5L 2000
+ standard, which specifies 68 to 101 J at 0 degreesC. The yield strength
+ (YS) to ultimate tensile strength (UTS) ratio was determined to be 0.8,
+ the API standard establishing a maximum limit of 0.93. Both of the
+ alloys investigated exhibited a bainitic microstructure and were
+ successfully processed to fabricate tubular products by the ``UOE{''}
+ (bending in ``U{''}, closing in ``O,{''} and expanding ``E{''}) route.
+ With regard to weldability, the two experimental steels exhibited a
+ heat-affected zone (HAZ) for which toughness levels (using the
+ temperature associated with a 100 J impact energy as a base for
+ comparison). were higher than those for both the base metal (BM) and the
+ weld metal (WM) itself. In order to perform the evaluation of the
+ behavior of the steels in an aggressive environment, more specifically
+ their resistance to the deleterious effects of H2S, Slow strain rate
+ tests (SSRTs) were carried out, immersing the samples in a sodium
+ thiosulfate solution during the tests. Thou h no secondary cracking was
+ observed in the test samples, the ductility levels measured were lower
+ than those for the same materials tested in air. Constant load tests
+ were also conducted according to the standard NACE conditions. Despite
+ the more aggressive nature of the test solution in these cases, no
+ samples of either steel suffered failure.}},
+Publisher = {{MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC}},
+Address = {{184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bott, ID (Reprint Author), PUC Rio, DCMM, BR-22453900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
+ PUC Rio, DCMM, BR-22453900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
+ CEFETRJ, DEPMC, BR-20271110 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
+ CENPES, PETROBRAS, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11661-005-0315-9}},
+ISSN = {{1073-5623}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MICROALLOYED STEELS; MICROSTRUCTURE; TOUGHNESS; NIOBIUM; PLATES; ZONE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{bott@dcmm.puc-fio.br}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rios, Paulo/B-9353-2013
+ Bott, Ivani/K-4333-2012
+ Guimaraes de Souza, Luis Felipe/H-9560-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Guimaraes de Souza, Luis Felipe/0000-0002-6669-8451}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{892VY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226679300015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000229981800004,
+Author = {Lee, YW and Wierzbicki, T},
+Title = {{Fracture prediction of thin plates under localized impulsive loading.
+ Part I: dishing}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1253-1276}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{A comprehensive analysis of deformation and fracture of thin plates
+ subjected to localized impulsive loading is presented. The paper
+ addresses many aspects of the problem including calibration for
+ plasticity and fracture, and detailed description of three stages of
+ dynamic response, i.e. dishing, discing and petalling. Because of a
+ rather broad coverage, the paper is divided into two parts with a
+ clearly defined focus of each part.
+ In Part I, the transient response of the plates under a localized pulse
+ loading was investigated analytically and numerically.-A precise
+ determination of the transient and permanent deformation of plates in
+ the so-called dishing stage is important for the prediction of the onset
+ of fracture, which will be dealt with in Part II. The final deflected
+ shapes of the plates obtained numerically were shown to agree well with
+ the wave type solution developed earlier by one of the present authors
+ and the experimental results available in the literature. Several new
+ aspects of the transient response of plates, not previously reported
+ were identified and discussed. A comprehensive parametric study on the
+ dynamically loaded plates with various spatial and temporal
+ distributions of dynamic pressure was then conducted. It was observed
+ that the permanent shape of the plate is strongly dependent on the
+ spatial distribution of pressure loading. Furthermore, a comparison
+ between the response of circular and square plates was also presented.
+ In Part II, the onset of circumferential cracking and subsequent
+ propagation of radial cracks were predicted analytically and
+ numerically. The accumulated equivalent plastic strain with the stress
+ triaxiality as a weighting function was introduced as a ductile fracture
+ criterion. An accurate representation of the true stress-strain curve
+ and the critical damage/fracture function for AH36 steel material were
+ calibrated from tensile tests on round specimen and parallel numerical
+ simulations. By calculating distributions and histories of stress and
+ strain, the initiation site and extent of fracture were predicted by the
+ present fracture criterion. It was clearly shown that the fracture
+ pattern of thin circular plates consisting of discing followed by
+ petalling can be predicted with great realism provided the fracture
+ criterion is properly formulated. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lee, YW (Reprint Author), MIT, Impact \& Crashworthiness Lab, Room 5-218, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
+ MIT, Impact \& Crashworthiness Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmpemg.2004.07.010}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+Keywords = {{impulsive loading; dynamic pressure; shock wave; FEM; ductile fracture;
+ equivalent plastic strain; stress triaxiality; dishing; discing;
+ petalling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOADED SQUARE PLATES; CIRCULAR PLATES; DUCTILE FRACTURE; DEFORMATION;
+ CRITERIA; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{ywhero@mit.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{938ED}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229981800004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000228430700008,
+Author = {Kermanidis, AT and Petroyiannis, PV and Pantelakis, SG},
+Title = {{Fatigue and damage tolerance behaviour of corroded 2024 T351 aircraft
+ aluminum alloy}},
+Journal = {{THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{121-132}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The fatigue and damage tolerance behaviour of pre-corroded 2024 T351
+ aluminum alloy specimens has been investigated and compared to the
+ behaviour of the uncorroded material. The experimental investigation was
+ performed on specimens pre-corroded in exfoliation corrosion environment
+ and included the derivation of S-N and fatigue crack growth curves as
+ well as measurements of fracture toughness. The fatigue crack growth
+ tests were performed for different stress ratios R. To obtain reference
+ material behaviour all mechanical tests were repeated under the same
+ conditions for uncorroded specimens. For the corroded material an
+ appreciable decrease in fatigue resistance and damage tolerance was
+ obtained. The results of the experimental investigation were discussed
+ under the viewpoint of corrosion and corrosion-induced hydrogen
+ embrittlement of the 2024 aluminum alloy. The need to account for the
+ influence of pre-existing corrosion on the material's properties in
+ fatigue and damage tolerance analyses of components involving corroded
+ areas was demonstrated. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pantelakis, SG (Reprint Author), Univ Patras, Dept Mech \& Aeronaut Engn, Lab Technol \& Strength Mat, Patras 26500, Greece.
+ Univ Patras, Dept Mech \& Aeronaut Engn, Lab Technol \& Strength Mat, Patras 26500, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.tafmec.2004.12.008}},
+ISSN = {{0167-8442}},
+Keywords = {{fatigue life; fatigue crack growth; fracture toughness; damage
+ tolerance; corroded 2024; hydrogen embrittlement}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CORROSION; HYDROGEN; EXPOSURE; 2024-T3; EMBRITTLEMENT; EXFOLIATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{pantelak@mech.upatras.gr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kermanidis, Alexis/C-6555-2014}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{917BK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000228430700008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000226854900005,
+Author = {Murphy, N and Ivankovic, A},
+Title = {{The prediction of dynamic fracture evolution in PMMA using a cohesive
+ zone model}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{861-875}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Note = {{Conference on Prospects in Fracture in honor of the 65th Birthday of JG
+ Williams, Imperial Coll London, London, ENGLAND, JUL 08-09, 2003}},
+Abstract = {{A cohesive zone model was used in conjunction with the finite volume
+ method to model the dynamic fracture of single edge notched tensile
+ specimens of PMMA under essentially static loading conditions. In this
+ study, the influence of the shape of the cohesive law was investigated,
+ whilst keeping the cohesive strength and separation energy constant.
+ Cohesive cells were adaptively inserted between adjacent continuum cells
+ when the normal traction across that face exceeded the cohesive strength
+ of the material. The cohesive constitutive law was therefore initially
+ rigid, and the effective elasticity of the material was unaltered prior
+ to insertion of the cohesive cells. Notch depths ranging from 2.0 to 0.1
+ mm were considered. The numerical predictions were compared with
+ experimental observations for each notch depth and excellent qualitative
+ and quantitative agreement was achieved in most cases. Following an
+ initial period of rapid crack tip acceleration up to terminal velocities
+ well below the Rayleigh wave speed, subsequent propagation took place at
+ a constant rate under conditions of increasing energy flux to an
+ expanding process region. In addition, attempted and successful
+ branching was predicted for the shorter notches. It was found that the
+ shape of the cohesive law had a significant influence on the dynamic
+ fracture behaviour. In particular, the value of the initial slope of the
+ softening function was found to be an important parameter. As the slope
+ became steeper, the predicted terminal crack speed increased and the
+ extent of the damage decreased. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Murphy, N (Reprint Author), Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.08.001}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); BRITTLE MATERIALS;
+ MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYETHYLENE; PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{neal.murphy@ucd.ie}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ivankovic, Alojz/I-8547-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ivankovic, Alojz/0000-0002-3938-828X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{895IR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226854900005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000228133800016,
+Author = {Lyakhovsky, V and Ben-Zion, Y and Agnon, A},
+Title = {{A viscoelastic damage rheology and rate- and state-dependent friction}},
+Journal = {{GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{161}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{179-190}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{We analyse the relations between a viscoelastic damage rheology model
+ and rate- and state-dependent (RS) friction. Both frameworks describe
+ brittle deformation, although the former models localization zones in a
+ deforming volume while the latter is associated with sliding on existing
+ surfaces. The viscoelastic damage model accounts for evolving elastic
+ properties and inelastic strain. The evolving elastic properties are
+ related quantitatively to a damage state variable representing the local
+ density of microcracks. Positive and negative changes of the damage
+ variable lead, respectively, to degradation and recovery of the material
+ in response to loading. A model configuration having an existing narrow
+ zone with localized damage produces for appropriate loading and
+ temperature-pressure conditions an overall cyclic stick slip motion
+ compatible with a frictional response. Each deformation cycle ( limit
+ cycle) can be divided into healing and weakening periods associated with
+ decreasing and increasing damage, respectively. The direct effect of the
+ RS friction and the magnitude of the frictional parameter a are related
+ to material strengthening with increasing rate of loading. The strength
+ and residence time of asperities ( model elements) in the weakening
+ stage depend on the rates of damage evolution and accumulation of
+ irreversible strain. The evolutionary effect of the RS friction and
+ overall change in the friction parameters (a - b) are controlled by the
+ duration of the healing period and asperity ( element) strengthening
+ during this stage. For a model with spatially variable properties, the
+ damage rheology reproduces the logarithmic dependency of the
+ steady-state friction coefficient on the sliding velocity and the normal
+ stress. The transition from a velocity strengthening regime to a
+ velocity weakening one can be obtained by varying the rate of inelastic
+ strain accumulation and keeping the other damage rheology parameters
+ fixed. The developments unify previous damage rheology results on
+ deformation localization leading to formation of new fault zones with
+ detailed experimental results on frictional sliding. The results provide
+ a route for extending the formulation of RS friction into a non-linear
+ continuum mechanics framework.}},
+Publisher = {{BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lyakhovsky, V (Reprint Author), Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel.
+ Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel.
+ Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
+ Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02583.x}},
+ISSN = {{0956-540X}},
+Keywords = {{cracked media; damage; earthquakes; fractures; friction; rheology}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; SEISMICITY PATTERNS;
+ EARTHQUAKE FAULTS; ROCK FRICTION; NORMAL STRESS; SLIP; GRANITE;
+ MECHANICS; RUPTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{vladi@geos.gsi.gov.il
+ benzion@usc.edu
+ amotz@cc.huji.ac.il}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lyakhovsky, Vladimir/K-5621-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lyakhovsky, Vladimir/0000-0001-9438-4292}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Geophys. J. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{913EG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000228133800016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000229359700011,
+Author = {Shim, VPW and Yang, LM},
+Title = {{Characterization of the residual mechanical properties of woven fabric
+ reinforced composites after low-velocity impact}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{4-5}},
+Pages = {{647-665}},
+Month = {{APR-MAY}},
+Abstract = {{An investigation is undertaken to examine the residual mechanical
+ properties of crowfoot-weave carbon/epoxy laminates subjected to a
+ transverse central low-velocity impact load. It is found that the
+ residual strength and stiffness of impacted laminates decrease with
+ increasing impact damage area. Experimental data indicates that flexural
+ stress constitutes the basis of a failure criterion that also describes
+ damage severity, if localized damage at the region of impact is not
+ serious. By formulating a simple model involving the motion of a rigid
+ impactor, together with fundamental stress analysis of a transversely
+ loaded plate, the effects of impactor mass, impact velocity, impactor
+ tip radius, laminate thickness and lay-up on low-velocity impact damage
+ are identified. Based on the experimental observations, it is found that
+ the residual mechanical properties can be approximated by a linear
+ relationship with a single damage severity parameter Q, where Q is a
+ function of incident impact energy, impactor tip radius and laminate
+ thickness. The theoretical results are verified by experimental data.
+ (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shim, VPW (Reprint Author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Engn Mech, Impact Mech Lab, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
+ Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Engn Mech, Impact Mech Lab, Singapore 119260, Singapore.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2005.01.014}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+Keywords = {{woven laminated composites; low-velocity impact; residual strength;
+ residual stiffness; impact damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATRIX CRACKING; FIBER COMPOSITES; DELAMINATION; DAMAGE; STRENGTH;
+ PLATES; CFRP; PREDICTION; FAILURE; PANELS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mpespwv@nus.edu.sg}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{929QB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000229359700011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000233293200011,
+Author = {Okafor, AC and Singh, N and Enemuoh, UE and Rao, SV},
+Title = {{Design, analysis and performance of adhesively bonded composite patch
+ repair of cracked aluminum aircraft panels}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{71}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{258-270}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{During its service life, an aircraft is subjected to sever structural
+ and aerodynamic loads. These loads can cause damage or weakening of the
+ structure especially for aging military and civilian aircraft thereby
+ affecting its load carrying capabilities. Hence, a repair or
+ reinforcement of the damaged or weakened part of the structure to
+ restore the structural efficiency and thus assure the continued
+ airworthiness of the aircraft has become an important issue in recent
+ years to military and civilian aircraft operators. The US Air Force in
+ recent years has shown considerable interest in the use of advanced
+ composites to repair cracked metallic aircraft structures to enhance
+ their life. One issue preventing using bonded composite patches, as a
+ standard means of repairing damaged metallic aircraft structures is the
+ fact that the integrity of the repairs is unknown. In this paper the
+ design, analysis and durability of adhesively bonded composite patch
+ repairs of cracked aircraft aluminum panels is reported. Pre-cracked
+ 2024-T3 clad aluminum panels of 381 x 89 x 1.6 mm (15 x 3.5 x 0.063 in.)
+ repaired with octagonal single sided boron/epoxy composite patch were
+ used as test specimen. Two different composite ply configurations, 5-
+ and 6-ply were investigated. Linear and non-linear finite element
+ analyses were performed on the test specimen using 8-noded 24 degree of
+ freedom (DOF) hexagonal elements for the aluminum panel, boron/epoxy
+ patch and adhesive material subjected to uni-axial tensile loading. The
+ stress distributions obtained were used to predict the increase in
+ strength and durability of the repaired structure. A comparison of the
+ stress values at critical points was made. The analysis also was used to
+ validate various assumptions made in the design of the composite patch.
+ Experimental investigations were conducted on the cracked aluminum panel
+ repaired with a 5-ply composite patch as well as on two
+ baseline-unpatched panels (one with a crack and one with no crack) by
+ uni-axial tensile testing to validate the analytical results. The
+ experiment was conducted on the Instron tension-testing machine. It was
+ found that the maximum skin stress decreases significantly after the
+ application of the patch and the region of maximum skin stress shifts
+ from the crack front for an unpatched panel to the patch edges for a
+ patched one. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Okafor, AC (Reprint Author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn \& Engn Mech, 1870 Minor Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
+ Univ Missouri, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn \& Engn Mech, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
+ Univ Missouri, Struct Hlth Monitoring Lab, Intelligent Syst Ctr, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
+ Univ Missouri, Dept Elect \& Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.02.023}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{composite patch repair; aging aircraft; composite patch design; linear
+ and non-linear three-dimensional finite element analysis; adhesively
+ bonded composite patches; stress-distribution}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{okafor@umr.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{12}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{984HI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000233293200011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000232459000028,
+Author = {Rudas, M and Qasim, T and Bush, MB and Lawn, BR},
+Title = {{Failure of curved brittle layer systems from radial cracking in
+ concentrated surface loading}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{20}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{2812-2819}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{A study was made of radial crack evolution in curved brittle layers on
+ compliant support substrates. Three-dimensional boundary element
+ analysis was used to compute the stepwise growth of radial cracks that
+ initiate at the bottom surfaces of glass on polymeric support layers,
+ from initiation to final failure. The algorithm calculates reconstituted
+ displacement fields in the near-tip region of the extending cracks,
+ enabling direct evaluation of stress-intensity factors. Available
+ experimental data on the same material systems with prescribed surface
+ curvatures were used to validate the essential features of the predicted
+ crack evolution, particularly the stability conditions prior to ultimate
+ failure. It was shown that the critical loads to failure diminish with
+ increasing surface curvature. Generalization of the ensuing fracture
+ mechanics to include alternative brittle-layer/polymer-substrate systems
+ enabled an explicit expression for the critical load to failure in terms
+ of material properties and layer thicknesses. Implications concerning
+ practical layer systems, particularly dental crowns, are briefly
+ discussed.}},
+Publisher = {{MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY}},
+Address = {{506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lawn, BR (Reprint Author), NIST, Mat Sci \& Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
+ NIST, Mat Sci \& Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
+ Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1557/JMR.2005.0343}},
+ISSN = {{0884-2914}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CERAMIC COATINGS; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; CONTACT;
+ DAMAGE; DESIGN; MODULUS; SPHERES; MODES; GLASS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{brian.lawn@nist.gov}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{0}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{972MX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000232459000028}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000232049400001,
+Author = {Andreaus, U and Batra, RC and Porfiri, M},
+Title = {{Vibrations of cracked Euler-Bernoulli beams using Meshless Local
+ Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method}},
+Journal = {{CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING \& SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{9}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{111-131}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Structural health monitoring techniques based on vibration data have
+ received increasing attention in recent years. Since the measured modal
+ characteristics and the transient motion of a beam exhibit low
+ sensitivity to damage, numerical techniques for accurately computing
+ vibration characteristics are needed. Here we use a Meshless Local
+ Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method to analyze vibrations of a beam with
+ multiple cracks. The trial and the test functions are constructed using
+ the Generalized Moving Least Squares (GMLS) approximation. The
+ smoothness of the GMLS basis functions requires the use of special
+ techniques to account for the slope dis-continuities at the crack
+ locations. Therefore, a set of Lagrange multipliers is introduced to
+ model the spring effects at the crack locations and relate motions of
+ the intact beam segments. The method is applied to study static and
+ transient deformations of a cracked beam and to determine its modal
+ properties (frequencies and mode shapes). Numerical results obtained for
+ a simply supported beam are compared with experimental findings,
+ analytical predictions and finite element solutions.}},
+Publisher = {{TECH SCIENCE PRESS}},
+Address = {{4924 BALBOA BLVD, \# 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Andreaus, U (Reprint Author), Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci \& Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
+ Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci \& Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
+ Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Strutt \& Geotecn, I-00184 Rome, Italy.}},
+ISSN = {{1526-1492}},
+Keywords = {{MLPG method; multiple cracks; breathing crack; Lagrange multipliers;
+ meshless method; transient analysis; modal analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DEFORMABLE PLATE-THEORY; HIGHER-ORDER SHEAR; FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PLATES;
+ NATURAL FREQUENCIES; FINITE-ELEMENT; THERMOELASTIC DEFORMATIONS; DYNAMIC
+ BEHAVIOR; CANTILEVER BEAM; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications}},
+Author-Email = {{ugo.andreaus@uniroma1.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Andreaus, Ugo/A-8780-2010
+ Porfiri, Maurizio/A-1712-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{1}},
+Journal-ISO = {{CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{966VB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000232049400001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000226936100006,
+Author = {Burlion, N and Bourgeois, F and Shao, JF},
+Title = {{Effects of desiccation on mechanical behaviour of concrete}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{367-379}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The objective of this work is experimental characterisation and
+ numerical modelling of coupled behaviours between drying shrinkage and
+ plastic damage in concrete. In the first part, we present an original
+ experimental study on an ordinary concrete in order to determine
+ material damage induced by drying shrinkage. Uniaxial compression tests
+ are performed on samples dried for different periods. It is shown that
+ material damage can be caused by drying process. Mechanical behaviour
+ becomes more brittle with higher damage kinetics when concrete is dried.
+ In the second part, a constitutive model is proposed in order to
+ describe coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour of partially saturated
+ concrete. This model takes into account induced damage, mechanical and
+ capillary plastic deformations. Numerical simulations of experimental
+ tests are presented, and show a qualitatively good agreement with
+ experimental data. The results are relevant with respect to the
+ importance of drying process in the durability study of concrete
+ structures.
+ (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Burlion, N (Reprint Author), Polytech Lille, Lab Mech Lille, CNRS, UMR 8107, Cite Sci, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Polytech Lille, Lab Mech Lille, CNRS, UMR 8107, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.05.004}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+Keywords = {{concrete; drying shrinkage; hydro-mechanical coupling; damage;
+ unsaturated material; elasto-plastic damage model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EARLY-AGE CONCRETE; ELASTOPLASTIC DAMAGE; SHRINKAGE; STRENGTH;
+ PERMEABILITY; CRACKING; MICROCRACKING; MORTAR; DESIGN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{nicolas.burlion@polytech-lille.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{896LR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000226936100006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000233487300037,
+Author = {Stoychev, S and Kujawski, D},
+Title = {{Analysis of crack propagation using Delta K and K-max}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2005}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{10-12}},
+Pages = {{1425-1431}},
+Month = {{OCT-DEC}},
+Note = {{5th International Conference on Fatigue Damage in Structural Materials,
+ Hyannis, MA, SEP 19-24, 2004}},
+Organization = {{Def Adv Res Projects Agcy; US Off Naval Res Int Field Off; USAF Res Lab;
+ US Off Naval Res Headquarters; USA Res Off}},
+Abstract = {{In this investigation a general relationship between fatigue crack
+ growth rate, da/dN, and a two-parameter Delta K and K-max driving force
+ is derived using fundamental fatigue (epsilon-N curve) properties. A
+ power-law relationship between Delta K and K-max is obtained by relating
+ the crack growth rate to the fatigue life of the `process zone'.
+ Theoretically, there are four different regions on a log-log plot
+ depending on the particular combinations of Delta K and K-max. The
+ actual analysis of experimental data indicates only two different
+ regions namely, Delta K and K-max dominated, corresponding to high and
+ low load ratios, respectively. A new way of representing the da/dN data
+ in terms of Delta K and K-max by means of the crack propagation (CP)
+ table is proposed. Finally, the application of the CP table for
+ predicting crack growth rate under constant amplitude loading is
+ explained and discussed. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kujawski, D (Reprint Author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech \& Aeronaut Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
+ Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech \& Aeronaut Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.06.038}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{unified approach; two parameter crack driving force; crack propagation
+ table; load ratio effects}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE DAMAGE; OPENING LOAD; GROWTH; MODEL; PARAMETERS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{daniel.kujawski@wmich.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{986ZD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000233487300037}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2006.bib b/data/WoS_export/2006.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f316dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2006.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,2855 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000238248200003,
+Author = {Alava, Mikko J. and Nukalaz, Phani K. V. V. and Zapperi, Stefano},
+Title = {{Statistical models of fracture}},
+Journal = {{ADVANCES IN PHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{55}},
+Number = {{3-4}},
+Pages = {{349-476}},
+Month = {{MAY-JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Disorder and long-range interactions are two of the key components that
+ make material failure an interesting playfield for the application of
+ statistical mechanics. The cornerstone in this respect has been lattice
+ models of the fracture in which a network of elastic beams, bonds, or
+ electrical fuses with random failure thresholds are subject to an
+ increasing external load. These models describe on a qualitative level
+ the failure processes of real, brittle, or quasi-brittle materials. This
+ has been particularly important in solving the classical engineering
+ problems of material strength: the size dependence of maximum stress and
+ its sample-to-sample statistical fluctuations. At the same time, lattice
+ models pose many new fundamental questions in statistical physics, such
+ as the relation between fracture and phase transitions. Experimental
+ results point out to the existence of an intriguing crackling noise in
+ the acoustic emission and of self-affine fractals in the crack surface
+ morphology. Recent advances in computer power have enabled considerable
+ progress in the understanding of such models. Among these partly still
+ controversial issues, are the scaling and size-effects in material
+ strength and accumulated damage, the statistics of avalanches or bursts
+ of microfailures, and the morphology of the crack surface. Here we
+ present an overview of the results obtained with lattice models for
+ fracture, highlighting the relations with statistical physics theories
+ and more conventional fracture mechanics approaches.}},
+Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
+Address = {{2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Alava, MJ (Reprint Author), Aalto Univ, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland.
+ Aalto Univ, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland.
+ Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math \& Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
+ Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, CNR, INFM, I-00185 Rome, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1080/00018730300741518}},
+ISSN = {{0001-8732}},
+EISSN = {{1460-6976}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP APPROACH; SPARSE CHOLESKY
+ FACTORIZATION; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; 3-DIMENSIONAL FUSE NETWORKS;
+ MODIFIED GRIFFITH CRITERION; DEPENDENT DAMAGE EVOLUTION; INTERFACIAL
+ CRACK FRONT; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGHLY POROUS CERAMICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Condensed Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{mja@fyslab.hut.fi}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Alava, Mikko/G-2202-2013
+ Zapperi, Stefano/C-9473-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Alava, Mikko/0000-0001-9249-5079
+ Zapperi, Stefano/0000-0001-5692-5465}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{373}},
+Times-Cited = {{284}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{169}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Adv. Phys.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{052QK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238248200003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000239696500007,
+Author = {Turon, A. and Camanho, P. P. and Costa, J. and Davila, C. G.},
+Title = {{A damage model for the simulation of delamination in advanced composites
+ under variable-mode loading}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{1072-1089}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{A thermodynamically consistent damage model is proposed for the
+ simulation of progressive delamination in composite materials under
+ variable-mode ratio. The model is formulated in the context of Damage
+ Mechanics. A novel constitutive equation is developed to model the
+ initiation and propagation of delamination. A delamination initiation
+ criterion is proposed to assure that the formulation can account for
+ changes in the loading mode in a thermodynamically consistent way. The
+ formulation accounts for crack closure effects to avoid interfacial
+ penetration of two adjacent layers after complete decohesion. The model
+ is implemented in a finite element formulation, and the numerical
+ predictions are compared with experimental results obtained in both
+ composite test specimens and structural components. (C) 2005 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Girona 17071, Spain.
+ NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechmat.2005.10.003}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+Keywords = {{delamination; fracture; decohesion elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; INTERFACE ELEMENTS; PROGRESSIVE DELAMINATION;
+ CRACK-PROPAGATION; GROWTH; INTERLAMINAR; INITIATION; INTRALAMINAR;
+ FORMULATION; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Costa, Josep/C-4941-2008
+ Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014
+ Balanzat, Josep Costa/C-1017-2014
+ Turon, Albert/C-6875-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Costa, Josep/0000-0002-7134-7146
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291
+ Turon, Albert/0000-0002-2554-2653
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{259}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{57}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{072TS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239696500007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000239542000012,
+Author = {Huang, Xinyu and Solasi, Roham and Zou, Yue and Feshler, Matthew and
+ Reifsnider, Kenneth and Condit, David and Burlatsky, Sergei and Madden,
+ Thomas},
+Title = {{Mechanical endurance of polymer electrolyte membrane and PEM fuel cell
+ durability}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{16}},
+Pages = {{2346-2357}},
+Month = {{AUG 15}},
+Abstract = {{The life of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is currently
+ limited by the mechanical endurance of polymer electrolyte membranes and
+ membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). In this paper, the authors report
+ recent experimental and modeling work toward understanding the
+ mechanisms of delayed mechanical failures of polymer electrolyte
+ membranes and MEAs under relevant PEMFC operating conditions. Mechanical
+ breach of membranes/MEAs in the form of pinholes and tears has been
+ frequently observed after long-term or accelerated testing of PEMFC
+ cells/stacks. Catastrophic failure of cell/stack due to rapid gas
+ crossover shortly follows the mechanical breach. Ex situ mechanical
+ characterizations were performed on MEAs after being subjected to the
+ accelerated chemical aging and relative humidity (RH) cycling tests. The
+ results showed significant reduction of MEA ductility manifested as
+ drastically reduced strain-to-failure of the chemically aged and
+ RH-cycled MEAs. Postmortem analysis revealed the formation and growth of
+ mechanical defects such as cracks and crazing in the membranes and MEAs.
+ A finite element model was used to estimate stress/strain states of an
+ edge-constrained MEA under rapid RH variations. Damage metrics for
+ accelerated testing and life prediction of PEMFCs are discussed. (c)
+ 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}},
+Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS INC}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Huang, XY (Reprint Author), Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Global Fuel Cell Ctr, Storrs, CT USA.
+ Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Global Fuel Cell Ctr, Storrs, CT USA.
+ United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA.
+ UTC Power, S Windsor, CT USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/polb.20863}},
+ISSN = {{0887-6266}},
+Keywords = {{durability; mechanical failure; membrane degradation; polymer
+ electrolyte membrane fuel cell}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HUMIDITY CONDITIONS; DEGRADATION; WATER; IONOMERS; NAFION; MODEL;
+ PERFORMANCE; VOLTAGE; STATE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Polymer Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Polymer Science}},
+Author-Email = {{xinyu@engr.uconn.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Burlatsky, Sergei/B-3510-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Burlatsky, Sergei/0000-0003-0331-8092}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{197}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{78}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{070RS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239542000012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000240120100006,
+Author = {Park, S. and Ahmad, S. and Yun, C. -B. and Roh, Y.},
+Title = {{Multiple crack detection of concrete structures using impedance-based
+ structural health monitoring techniques}},
+Journal = {{EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{609-618}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a feasibility study for practical applications of an
+ impedance-based real-time health monitoring technique applying PZT
+ (Lead-Zirconate-Titanate) patches to concrete structures. First,
+ comparison between experimental and analytical studies for damage
+ detection on a plain concrete beam is made. In the experimental study,
+ progressive surface damage inflicted artificially on the plain concrete
+ beam is assessed by using both lateral and thickness modes of the PZT
+ patches. Then, an analytical study based on finite element (FE) models
+ is carried out to verify the validity of the experimental result.
+ Secondly, multiple (shear and flexural) cracks incurred in a reinforced
+ concrete (RC) beam under a third point bending test are monitored
+ continuously by using a sensor array system composed of the PZT patches.
+ In this study, a root mean square deviation (RMSD) in the impedance
+ signatures of the PZT patches is used as a damage indicator.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Park, S (Reprint Author), Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
+ Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
+ Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Taegu 702701, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11340-006-8734-0}},
+ISSN = {{0014-4851}},
+Keywords = {{impedance; PZT; structural health monitoring; multiple crack detection;
+ finite element analysis; concrete structures}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PATCHES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science,
+ Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{shparkpc@kaist.ac.kr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yun, Chung Bang/C-1206-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Roh, Yongrae/0000-0003-2749-199X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{13}},
+Times-Cited = {{126}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Exp. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{078RD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000240120100006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000235931100003,
+Author = {Camanho, PP and Davila, CG and Pinho, ST and Iannucci, L and Robinson, P},
+Title = {{Prediction of in situ strengths and matrix cracking in composites under
+ transverse tension and in-plane shear}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{165-176}},
+Note = {{2nd International Conference on Composites Testing and Model
+ Identification (CompTest 200), Univ Bristol, Bristol, ENGLAND, SEP
+ 21-23, 2004}},
+Abstract = {{A criterion for matrix failure of laminated composite plies in
+ transverse tension and in-plane shear is developed by examining the
+ mechanics of transverse matrix crack growth. Matrix cracks are assumed
+ to initiate from manufacturing defects and can propagate within planes
+ parallel to the fiber direction and normal to the ply mid-plane.
+ Fracture mechanics models of cracks in unidirectional laminates,
+ embedded plies and outer plies are used to determine the onset and
+ direction of propagation of crack growth. The models for each ply
+ configuration relate ply thickness and ply toughness to the
+ corresponding in situ ply strength. Calculated results for several
+ materials are shown to correlate well with experimental results. (c)
+ 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci \& Technol, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2BY, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.04.023}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{failure criterion; in situ strengths; fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THERMOMECHANICAL CONSTITUTIVE THEORY; CURRENT FAILURE THEORIES;
+ LAMINATED COMPOSITES; STIFFNESS REDUCTION; DISTRIBUTED DAMAGE; ELASTIC
+ COMPOSITES; CAPABILITIES; EXERCISE; GRAPHITE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pinho, Silvestre/B-4618-2012
+ Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Pinho, Silvestre/0000-0001-5727-7041
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{119}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{020SQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000235931100003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236609300022,
+Author = {Cook, RF},
+Title = {{Strength and sharp contact fracture of silicon}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{841-872}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{The fracture strength of Si is considered in the context of yield and
+ reliability of microelectronic and microelectromechanical (MEMS)
+ devices. An overview of Si fracture, including the strength of Si
+ wafers, dice and MEMS elements, highlights the importance of
+ understanding sharp contact flaws, with their attendant residual stress
+ fields, lateral cracks and strength-limiting half-penny cracks in
+ advanced Si device manufacturing, Techniques using controlled
+ indentation flaws, including measurements of hardness, crack lengths,
+ crack propagation under applied stress, and inert and reactive
+ strengths, are applied in an extensive new experimental study of
+ intrinsic, n- and p-type \{100\} and \{110\} Si single crystals and
+ polycrystalline Si, addressing many of the issues discussed in the
+ overview. The new results are directly applicable in interpreting the
+ strengths of ground or diced Si wafer surfaces and provide a foundation
+ for studying the strengths of MEMS elements, for which the
+ strength-controlling flaws are less well-defined. Although the
+ indentation fracture behavior of Si is shown to be quite anisotropic,
+ the extensive lateral cracking greatly affects crack lengths and
+ strengths, obscuring the underlying single crystal fracture anisotropy.
+ No effects of doping on fracture are observed. Strength decreases in
+ water and air suggest that Si is susceptible to reactive attack by
+ moisture, although the effect is mild and extremely rapid. Strength
+ increases of indented components after buffered HF etching are shown to
+ be due to reactive attack of the contact impression, leading to residual
+ stress relief. (c) 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cook, RF (Reprint Author), NIST, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10853-006-6567-y}},
+ISSN = {{0022-2461}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; PLASTIC INDENTATION
+ DAMAGE; FLIP-CHIP ASSEMBLIES; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-ENERGY; MICROCANTILEVER BEAMS; SENSING
+ INDENTATION; DYNAMIC FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{robert.cook@nist.gov}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{137}},
+Times-Cited = {{116}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{64}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{030BW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236609300022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000238468100024,
+Author = {Zhang, GP and Volkert, CA and Schwaiger, R and Wellner, P and Arzt, E
+ and Kraft, O},
+Title = {{Length-scale-controlled fatigue mechanisms in thin copper films}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{54}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{3127-3139}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Systematic investigations of fatigue damage and dislocation structures
+ in thin Cu films with different thicknesses (0.2-3.0 mu m) and grain
+ sizes (0.3-2.1 mu m mean diameter) were carried out using focused ion
+ beam microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphologies
+ of fatigue-induced extrusions, cracks, and dislocation structures were
+ studied and found to be controlled by film thickness and grain size.
+ When either of these length scales is decreased below roughly 1 mu m,
+ the typical dislocation wall and cell structures found in fatigued
+ coarse-grained bulk materials no longer develop and are replaced by
+ individual dislocations. Similarly, the typical surface damage of
+ fatigued bulk metals, such as extrusions and cracks near extrusions, is
+ gradually suppressed and replaced by damage that is localized at
+ interfaces, such as cracks, grooves, and voids along grain and twin
+ boundaries. This gradual transition from damage characteristic of bulk
+ metals to damage localized at interfaces is attributed to constraints on
+ dislocation activity at submicrometer length scales. Based on the
+ experimental results and a theoretical analysis of extrusion formation,
+ a mechanistic map of fatigue damage behavior is proposed that summarizes
+ this length scale dependence. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, GP (Reprint Author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.
+ Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.
+ Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
+ Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.013}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{fatigue; thin films; length scale; dislocation structure; interfaces}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED COPPER; CYCLIC
+ DEFORMATION; STRAIN AMPLITUDE; DISLOCATION-STRUCTURES; CRACK INITIATION;
+ SINGLE-CRYSTALS; METAL-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; SIZE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{gpzhang@imr.ac.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Arzt, Eduard/B-5282-2008
+ Zhang, Guang-Ping/C-8300-2011
+ Schwaiger, Ruth/Q-4178-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Arzt, Eduard/0000-0002-0834-4540
+ Zhang, Guang-Ping/0000-0002-1620-0221
+ Schwaiger, Ruth/0000-0001-8940-2361}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{95}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{90}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{055RM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238468100024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000241654500041,
+Author = {Camanho, P. P. and Lambert, M.},
+Title = {{A design methodology for mechanically fastened joints in laminated
+ composite materials}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Number = {{15}},
+Pages = {{3004-3020}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a new methodology to predict the onset of damage,
+ final failure and failure mode of mechanically fastened joints in
+ composite laminates. The stress distribution at each ply is obtained
+ using semi-analytical or numerical methods. The elastic limit of the
+ joint is predicted using the ply strengths and stress distribution in
+ failure criteria. Final failure and failure mode are predicted using
+ point or average stress models. Standardized procedures to measure the
+ characteristic distances used in the point or average stress models are
+ proposed. The methodology proposed is applicable in double-shear joints
+ using quasi-isotropic laminates. The predictions are compared with
+ experimental data obtained in pin- and bolt-loaded joints, and the
+ results indicate that the methodology proposed can accurately and
+ effectively predict ultimate failure loads as well as failure modes in
+ composite bolted joints. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ European Space Agcy, Estec, Thermal \& Struct Div, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.02.017}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{strength; joints/joining; fracture; stress concentrations}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATRIX CRACKING; FAILURE; STRENGTH; FRP; PREDICTION; CRITERIA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{92}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{100FW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000241654500041}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236626300009,
+Author = {Naik, NK and Shrirao, P and Reddy, BCK},
+Title = {{Ballistic impact behaviour of woven fabric composites: Formulation}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1521-1552}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Resistance to high velocity impact is an important requirement for high
+ performance structural materials. Even though, polymer matrix composites
+ are characterized by high specific stiffness and high specific strength,
+ they are susceptible to impact loading. For the effective use of such
+ materials in structural applications, their behaviour under high
+ velocity impact should be clearly understood. In the present study,
+ investigations on the ballistic impact behaviour of two-dimensional
+ woven fabric composites have been presented. Ballistic impact is
+ generally a low-mass high velocity impact caused by a propelling source.
+ The analytical method presented is based on wave theory. Different
+ damage and energy absorbing mechanisms during ballistic impact have been
+ identified. These are: cone formation on the back face of the target,
+ tension in primary yarns, deformation of secondary yarns, delamination,
+ matrix cracking, shear plugging and friction during penetration.
+ Analytical formulation has been presented for each energy absorbing
+ mechanism. Energy absorbed during each time interval and the
+ corresponding reduction in velocity of the projectile has been
+ determined. The solution is based on the target material properties at
+ high strain rate and the geometry and the projectile parameters. Using
+ the analytical formulation, ballistic limit, contact duration at
+ ballistic limit, surface radius of the cone formed and the radius of the
+ damaged zone have been predicted for typical woven fabric composites.
+ The analytical predictions have been compared with the experimental
+ results. A good correlation has been observed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Naik, NK (Reprint Author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India.
+ Indian Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.01.004}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3509}},
+Keywords = {{ballistic impact; woven fabric composite; energy absorbing mechanisms;
+ prediction; ballistic limit; high strain rate; stress wave attenuation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ANALYTICAL-MODEL; LAMINATED KEVLAR; PENETRATION; PERFORATION;
+ PROJECTILES; ARMORS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{nknaik@aero.iitb.ac.in}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Naik, Niranjan/0000-0001-9295-7077}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{90}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{030HV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236626300009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000239658200009,
+Author = {Park, Seunghee and Yun, Chung-Bang and Roh, Yongrae and Lee, Jong-Jae},
+Title = {{PZT-based active damage detection techniques for steel bridge components}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{15}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{957-966}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents the results of experimental studies on piezoelectric
+ lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT)-based active damage detection techniques
+ for nondestructive evaluations (NDE) of steel bridge components. PZT
+ patches offer special features suitable for real-time in situ health
+ monitoring systems for large and complex steel structures, because they
+ are small, light, cheap, and useful as built-in sensor systems. Both
+ impedance and Lamb wave methods are considered for damage detection of
+ lab-size steel bridge members. Several damage-sensitive features are
+ extracted: root mean square deviations (RMSD) in the impedances and
+ wavelet coefficients (WC) of Lamb waves, and the times of flight (TOF)
+ of Lamb waves. Advanced signal processing and pattern recognition
+ techniques such as continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and support vector
+ machine (SVM) are used in the current system. Firstly, PZT patches were
+ used in conjunction with the impedance and Lamb waves to detect the
+ presence and growth of artificial cracks on a 1/8 scale model for a
+ vertical truss member of Seongsu Bridge, Seoul, Korea, which collapsed
+ in 1994. The RMSD in the impedances and WC of Lamb waves were found to
+ be good damage indicators. Secondly, two PZT patches were used to detect
+ damage on a bolt-jointed steel plate, which was simulated by removing
+ bolts. The correlation of the Lamb wave transmission data with the
+ damage classified by in and out of the wave path was investigated by
+ using the TOF and WC obtained from the Lamb wave signals. The SVM was
+ implemented to enhance the damage identification capability of the
+ current system. The results from the experiments showed the validity of
+ the proposed methods.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Park, S (Reprint Author), Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
+ Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
+ Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Taegu 701702, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/15/4/009}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LAMB-WAVE GENERATION; TRANSFORM; IMPEDANCE; PLATES; MODES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{shparkpc@kaist.ac.kr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yun, Chung Bang/C-1206-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Park, seunghee/0000-0001-8970-0668
+ Lee, Jong-Jae/0000-0001-6157-0419
+ Roh, Yongrae/0000-0003-2749-199X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{90}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{072FG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239658200009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000234333700010,
+Author = {Rucka, M and Wilde, K},
+Title = {{Crack identification using wavelets on experimental static deflection
+ profiles}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{28}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{279-288}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper a method to localize damage in a cantilever beam using
+ static deflection is presented. The selection of the wavelet transform
+ for the crack localization is discussed. The efficiency of the applied
+ wavelets is verified by analytically and experimentally determined data.
+ The measurement of the beam displacements in a large number of spatially
+ distributed points is obtained by processing digital photographs of the
+ beams. The proposed technique can effectively identify the crack
+ positions without a knowledge of structure characteristics or a
+ mathematical model. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wilde, K (Reprint Author), Gdansk Tech Univ, Civil Engn Dept, Gdansk, Poland.
+ Gdansk Tech Univ, Civil Engn Dept, Gdansk, Poland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.07.009}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{continuous wavelet transform; damage identification; non-destructive
+ tests}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE DETECTION; BEAMS; TRANSFORMS; SHAPES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{wild@pg.gda.pl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rucka, Magdalena/Q-3519-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Rucka, Magdalena/0000-0001-7870-281X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{77}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{998QI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000234333700010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000241535000003,
+Author = {Alfano, Giulio and Sacco, Elio},
+Title = {{Combining interface damage and friction in a cohesive-zone model}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{68}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{542-582}},
+Month = {{OCT 29}},
+Abstract = {{A new method to combine interface damage and friction in a cohesive-zone
+ model is proposed. Starting from the mesomechanical assumption,
+ typically made in a damage-mechanics approach, whereby a representative
+ elementary area of the interface can be additively decomposed into an
+ undamaged and a fully damaged part, the main idea consists of assuming
+ that friction occurs only on the fully damaged part. The gradual
+ increase of the friction effect is then a natural outcome of the gradual
+ increase of the interface damage from the initial undamaged state to the
+ complete decohesion. Suitable kinematic and static hypotheses are made
+ in order to develop the interface model whereas no special assumptions
+ are required on the damage evolution equations and on the friction law.
+ Here, the Crisfield's interface model is used for the damage evolution
+ and a simple Coulomb friction relationship is adopted. Numerical and
+ analytical results for two types of constitutive problem show the
+ effectiveness of the model to capture all the main features of the
+ combined effect of interface damage and friction. A finite-step
+ interface law has then been derived and implemented in a finite-element
+ code via interface elements. The results of the simulations made for a
+ fibre push-out test and a masonry wall loaded in compression and shear
+ are then presented and compared with available experimental results.
+ They show the effectiveness of the proposed model to predict the failure
+ mechanisms and the overall structural response for the analysed
+ problems. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
+Address = {{THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Alfano, G (Reprint Author), Brunel Univ, Sch Engn \& Design, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England.
+ Brunel Univ, Sch Engn \& Design, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England.
+ Univ Cassino, Dipartimento Meccan Strutt Ambiente \& Territorio, I-03043 Cassino, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nme.1728}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5981}},
+Keywords = {{interface elements; friction; damage; cohesive zone; numerical procedure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; DELAMINATION ANALYSIS; LAMINATED COMPOSITES;
+ CRACK-PROPAGATION; FIBER COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; MASONRY; SIMULATION;
+ FORMULATION; MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications}},
+Author-Email = {{giulio.alfano@brunel.ac.uk
+ sacco@unicas.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Alfano, Giulio/I-4668-2014
+ Sacco, Elio/G-5349-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Alfano, Giulio/0000-0002-8415-4589
+ Sacco, Elio/0000-0002-3948-4781}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{75}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{098PJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000241535000003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000238708400009,
+Author = {Thurner, PJ and Wyss, P and Voide, R and Stauber, M and Stampanoni, M
+ and Sennhauser, U and Muller, R},
+Title = {{Time-lapsed investigation of three-dimensional failure and damage
+ accumulation in trabecular bone using synchrotron light}},
+Journal = {{BONE}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{289-299}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR mu CT) is a very
+ useful technique when it comes to three-dimensional (3D) imaging of
+ complex internal and external geometries. Being a fully non-destructive
+ technique, SR mu CT can be combined with other experiments in situ for
+ functional imaging. We are especially interested in the combination of
+ SR mu CT with mechanical testing in order to gain new insights in the
+ failure mechanism of trabecular bone. This interest is motivated by the
+ immense costs in health care due to patients suffering from
+ osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease resulting in decreased bone
+ stability and increased fracture risk. To better investigate the
+ different failure mechanisms on the microlevel, we have developed a
+ novel in situ mechanical compression device, capable of exerting both
+ static and dynamic displacements on experimental samples. The device was
+ calibrated for mechanical testing using solid aluminum and bovine
+ trabecular bone samples. To study different failure mechanisms in
+ trabecular bone, we compared a fatigued and a non-fatigued bovine bone
+ sample with respect to failure initiation and propagation. The fatigued
+ sample failed in a burst-like fashion in contrast to the non-fatigued
+ sample, which exhibited a distinct localized failure band. Moreover,
+ microscopic cracks - microcracks and microfractures - were uncovered in
+ a 3D fashion illustrating the failure process in great detail. The
+ majority of these cracks were connected to a bone surface. The data also
+ showed that the classification of microcracks and -fractures from 2D
+ section can sometimes be ambiguous, which is also true for the
+ distinction of diffuse and distinct microdamage. Detailed investigation
+ of the failure mechanism in these samples illustrated that trabecular
+ bone often fails in delamination, providing a mechanism for energy
+ dissipation while conserving trabecular bone architecture. In the
+ future, this will allow an even better understanding of bone mechanics
+ related to its hierarchical structural organization. (c) 2006 Elsevier
+ Inc. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}},
+Address = {{360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Muller, R (Reprint Author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Inst Biomed Engn, Moussonstr 18, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland.
+ Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Inst Biomed Engn, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland.
+ Univ Zurich, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland.
+ Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing \& Res, EMPA, Elect Metrol Lab, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ Paul Scherrer Inst, SLS, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.bone.2006.01.147}},
+ISSN = {{8756-3282}},
+Keywords = {{synchrotron light micro-computed tomography; bone biomechanics;
+ image-guided failure assessment; microfracture; microdamage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; CANCELLOUS BONE; COMPUTED
+ MICROTOMOGRAPHY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR;
+ PHASE-CONTRAST; COMPACT-BONE; MICRODAMAGE; RESOLUTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Endocrinology \& Metabolism}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Endocrinology \& Metabolism}},
+Author-Email = {{ralph.mueller@ethz.ch}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Muller, Ralph/A-1198-2008
+ Thurner, Philipp/A-3887-2012
+ Stampanoni, Marco/J-4099-2013
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Muller, Ralph/0000-0002-5811-7725
+ Stampanoni, Marco/0000-0001-7486-6681
+ Thurner, Philipp/0000-0001-7588-9041
+ Stauber, Martin/0000-0003-4285-4146}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
+Times-Cited = {{71}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Bone}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{059BN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238708400009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000238433800021,
+Author = {Lu, Y and Ye, L and Su, ZQ},
+Title = {{Crack identification in aluminium plates using Lamb wave signals of a
+ PZT sensor network}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{15}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{839-849}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{With an integrated active piezoelectric sensor network, a Lamb
+ wave-based crack identification technique for aluminium plates was
+ developed. Experimental results showed that the propagation of Lamb
+ waves in aluminium plate-like structures is considerably complicated due
+ to wave dispersion, material attenuation, boundary reflection, etc. In
+ order to eliminate the diverse interference, a wavelet transform
+ technique was applied to purify the acquired Lamb wave signals, and the
+ characteristics of Lamb wave signals were extracted from the wave energy
+ spectrum. A correlation function was further established, which helped
+ identify the crack position based on a triangulation approach with the
+ aid of a nonlinear least-squares optimization algorithm. Such an
+ approach provides satisfactory results in locating the crack position in
+ aluminium plates with cracks of 5 and 20 mm in length.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lu, Y (Reprint Author), Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mechatron Engn, CAMT, LSMS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mechatron Engn, CAMT, LSMS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/15/3/021}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-FREQUENCY REFLECTION; RECTANGULAR NOTCH; DAMAGE DETECTION;
+ FINITE-ELEMENT; PIEZOCERAMICS; TRANSDUCERS; SCATTERING; MODES; HOLE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ye@aeromech.usyd.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lu, Ye/I-9999-2012
+ SU, Zhongqing/G-9560-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lu, Ye/0000-0002-2319-7681}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{69}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{055EW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238433800021}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000243017400012,
+Author = {Liljedahl, C. D. M. and Crocombe, A. D. and Wahab, M. A. and Ashcroft,
+ I. A.},
+Title = {{Damage modelling of adhesively bonded joints}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{141}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{147-161}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{A cohesive zone model (CZM) has been used in conjunction with both
+ elastic and elastoplastic continuum behaviour to predict the response of
+ a mixed mode flexure and three different lap shear joints, all
+ manufactured with the same adhesive. It was found that, for a specific
+ dissipated CZM energy (Gamma(0)) there was a range of CZM tripping
+ tractions (sigma(u)) that gave a fairly constant failure load. A value
+ of sigma(u) below this range gave rise to global damage throughout the
+ bonded region before any crack propagation initiated. A value above this
+ range gave rise to a discontinuous process zone, which resulted in
+ failure loads that were strongly dependent on sigma(u). A discontinuous
+ process zone gives rise to mesh dependent results. The CZM parameters
+ used in the predictions were determined from the experimental fracture
+ mechanics specimen test data. When damage initiated, a deviation from
+ the linear load-displacement curve was observed. The value for sigma(u)
+ was determined by identifying the magnitude that gave rise to the
+ experimentally observed deviation. The CZM energy (Gamma(0)) was then
+ obtained by correlating the simulated load-crack length response with
+ corresponding experimental data. The R-curve behaviour seen with
+ increasing crack length was successfully simulated when adhesive
+ plasticity was included in the constitutive model of the adhesive layer.
+ This was also seen to enhance the prediction of the lap shear specimens.
+ Excellent correlation was found between the experimental and predicted
+ joint strengths.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Crocombe, AD (Reprint Author), Univ Surrey, Sch Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
+ Univ Surrey, Sch Engn, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
+ Loughborough Univ Technol, Wolfson Sch Mech \& Mfg Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-006-0072-9}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+Keywords = {{failure prediction; cohesive zone modelling; plasticity; adhesive joint}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITE; CRACK-GROWTH RESISTANCE; ELASTIC-PLASTIC
+ SOLIDS; COHESIVE-ZONE MODELS; FRACTURE; TOUGHNESS; LAYER}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{a.crocombe@surrey.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/K-4296-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/0000-0002-3610-865X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{68}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{119MW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243017400012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000235390400004,
+Author = {Abendroth, M and Kuna, M},
+Title = {{Identification of ductile damage and fracture parameters from the small
+ punch test using neural networks}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{73}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{710-725}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a method for the identification of deformation,
+ damage and fracture properties of ductile materials. The small punch
+ test is used to obtain the material response under loading. The
+ resulting load displacement curve contains information about the
+ deformation and failure behavior of the tested material. The finite
+ element method is used to compute the load displacement curve depending
+ on the parameters of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman damage law. Via a
+ systematic variation of the material parameters a data base is built up,
+ which is used to train neural networks. This neural network can be used
+ to predict the load displacement curve of the SPT for a given material
+ parameter set. The identification of the material parameters is done by
+ using a conjugate directions algorithm, which minimizes the error
+ between an experimental load displacement curve and one predicted by the
+ network function. The identified material parameters are validated by
+ independent tests on notched tensile specimens. Furthermore, these
+ parameters can be used to compute the crack growth in fracture
+ specimens, which finally leads to a prediction of classical fracture
+ toughness parameters. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Safety Res, Bautzner Landstr 128, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.
+ Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Safety Res, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.
+ Tech Univ Bergakad Freiberg, Inst Mech \& Fluid Dynam, D-09596 Freiburg, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.10.007}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7315}},
+Keywords = {{small punch test; damage mechanics; ductile fracture; parameter
+ identification; neural networks; finite elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STEELS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{M.Abendroth@fz-rossendorf.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{64}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{013DS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000235390400004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236460800002,
+Author = {Ladeveze, P and Lubineau, G and Marsal, D},
+Title = {{Towards a bridge between the micro- and mesomechanics of delamination
+ for laminated composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{698-712}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Note = {{Workshop on the Advances in Statics and Dynamics of Delamination,
+ Cachan, FRANCE, SEP, 2003}},
+Organization = {{LMT; DLR}},
+Abstract = {{We present a relatively complete bridge between the descriptions on the
+ micro- and mesoscales of damaged laminated composites. The description
+ on the microscale derives from the numerous theoretical and experimental
+ works carried out in micromechanics. On the mesoscale, the plies and the
+ interfaces are homogenized to arrive at a continuum damage mechanics
+ approach. While previous works dealt mainly with the in-plane behavior
+ of the laminate, here we introduce the out-of-plane part of the
+ behavior, which is essential for the simulation of delamination. This
+ results in a better understanding, consistent with micromechanics, of
+ the mesomechanics of laminated composites introduced at Cachan and
+ developed particularly there for more than 15 years. (c) 2005 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ladeveze, P (Reprint Author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, ENS Cachan, LMT Cachan, 61 Ave President Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ Univ Paris 06, CNRS, ENS Cachan, LMT Cachan, F-94235 Cachan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.12.026}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{composite; laminates; delamination}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELEMENTARY PLY; IDENTIFICATION; MESOMODEL; CRACKING; MICRO; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{ladeveze@lmt.ens-cachan.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{028BP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236460800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000240166900015,
+Author = {Hazenberg, Jan G. and Freeley, Michael and Foran, Ellis and Lee, Thomas
+ C. and Taylor, David},
+Title = {{Microdamage: A cell transducing mechanism based on ruptured osteocyte
+ processes}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{2096-2103}},
+Abstract = {{As a result of underlying pathological diseases, such as osteoporosis,
+ osteopenia, or due to altered loading after joint replacements, bones
+ become more susceptible to microdamage accumulation than those of normal
+ human beings, as are those of athletes who undertake strenuous exercise
+ {[}Stromsoe, 2004. Fracture fixation problems in osteoporosis. Injury
+ 35, 107-113]. Experimental evidence has linked bone adaptation to
+ microdamage, and to increased cell activity. In this work, we
+ investigated whether microcrack detection is related to rupturing of the
+ cellular material itself due to crack face displacements. Using specific
+ cell staining techniques, it was confirmed that relative crack
+ displacements are capable of tearing cell processes between neighbouring
+ osteocytes. No ruptured cell processes were found near the crack tip
+ where the displacements are less. Rupturing of cell processes due to
+ crack opening and shear displacement is a feasible new mechanism by
+ which bone can detect and estimate the size of a microcrack. Ruptured
+ cell processes may directly secrete passive and active components in the
+ extracellular matrix, triggering a repair response. (c) 2005 Published
+ by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hazenberg, JG (Reprint Author), Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Anat, St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Anat, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Biochem, Dublin 2, Ireland.
+ Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trin Ctr Bioengn, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.06.006}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9290}},
+Keywords = {{microcracks; cortical bone; osteocytes; bone adaptation; cell processes;
+ remodelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; FRACTURE CRITERIA; STRESS-FRACTURES; FATIGUE
+ DAMAGE; COMPACT-BONE; IN-VIVO; STRAIN; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; ADAPTATION;
+ CRACK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Biophysics; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical}},
+Author-Email = {{jhazenberg@rcsi.ie}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lee, Clive/D-3119-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Freeley, Michael/0000-0002-5763-6582}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{59}},
+Times-Cited = {{60}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Biomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{079HQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000240166900015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000238792600030,
+Author = {Gasser, Thomas C. and Holzapfel, Gerhard A.},
+Title = {{3D Crack propagation in unreinforced concrete. A two-step algorithm for
+ tracking 3D crack paths}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{195}},
+Number = {{37-40}},
+Pages = {{5198-5219}},
+Abstract = {{Tensile failure of unreinforced concrete involves progressive
+ micro-cracking, and the related strain-softening can coalesce into
+ geometrical discontinuities, which separate the material. Advanced
+ mechanical theories and numerical schemes are required to efficiently
+ and adequately represent crack propagation in 3D. In this paper we use
+ the concept of strong discontinuities to model concrete failure. We
+ introduce a cohesive fracture process zone, which is characterized by a
+ transversely isotropic traction-separation law. We combine the cohesive
+ crack concept with the partition of unity finite element method, where
+ the finite element space is enhanced by the Heaviside function. The
+ concept is implemented for tetrahedral elements and the failure
+ initialization is based on the simple (non-local) Rankine criterion. For
+ each element we assume the embedded discontinuity to be flat in the
+ reference configuration, which leads to a non-smooth crack surfaces
+ approximation in 3D, in general; different concepts for tracking
+ non-planar cracks in 3D are reviewed. In addition, we propose a two-step
+ algorithm for tracking the crack path, where a predictor step defines
+ discontinuities according to the (non-local) failure criterion and a
+ corrector step draws in non-local information of the existing
+ discontinuities in order to predict a `closed' 3D crack surface;
+ implementation details are provided. The proposed framework is used to
+ analyze the predictability of concrete failure by two benchmark
+ examples, i.e. the Nooru-Moharned test, and the Brokenshire test. We
+ compare our numerical results, which are mesh independent, with
+ experimental data and numerical results adopted from the literature. (c)
+ 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Holzapfel, GA (Reprint Author), Royal Inst Technol, KTH, Dept Solid Mech, Osquars Backe 1, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
+ Royal Inst Technol, KTH, Dept Solid Mech, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
+ Graz Tech Univ, Inst Struct Anal, A-8010 Graz, Austria.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cma.2005.10.023}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7825}},
+Keywords = {{3D crack propagation; unreinforced concrete; tracking algorithms PUFEM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; STRONG DISCONTINUITY APPROACH; DAMAGE-CONTACT
+ MODEL; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FAILURE ANALYSIS; LEVEL SETS; LOCALIZATION;
+ FRACTURE; PLASTICITY; SOLIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{gh@biomech.tu-graz.ac.at}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
+Times-Cited = {{59}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{060HF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238792600030}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000233703600004,
+Author = {Jia, SX and Howard, I},
+Title = {{Comparison of localised spalling and crack damage from dynamic modelling
+ of spur gear vibrations}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{20}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{332-349}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a 26 degree of freedom gear dynamic model of three
+ shafts and two pairs of spur gears in mesh for comparison of localised
+ tooth spalling and damage. This paper details how tooth spalling and
+ cracks can be included in the model by using the combined torsional mesh
+ stiffness of the gears. The FEA models developed for calculation of the
+ torsional stiffness and tooth load sharing ratio of the gears in mesh
+ with the spalling and crack damage are also described. The dynamic
+ simulation results of vibration from the gearbox were obtained by using
+ Matlab and Simulink models, which were developed from the equations of
+ motion. The simulation results were found to be consistent with results
+ from previously published mathematical analysis and experimental
+ investigations. The difference and comparison between the vibration
+ signals with the tooth crack and spalling damage are discussed by
+ investigating some of the common diagnostic functions and changes to the
+ frequency spectra results. The result of this paper indicates that the
+ amplitude and phase modulation of the coherent time synchronous
+ vibration signal average can be effective in indicating the difference
+ between localised tooth spalling and crack damage. (c) 2005 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Howard, I (Reprint Author), Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Engn, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
+ Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Engn, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.02.009}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{gear; tooth crack; tooth spalling; simulation; mesh stiffness; pitch and
+ profile error}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{howard@vesta.curtin.edu.au}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Howard, Ian/0000-0003-3999-9184}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{12}},
+Times-Cited = {{58}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{989WB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000233703600004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236834500003,
+Author = {Yatomi, M and O'Dowd, NP and Nikbin, KM and Webster, GA},
+Title = {{Theoretical and numerical modelling of creep crack growth in a
+ carbon-manganese steel}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{73}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1158-1175}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents an analytical and numerical study of time dependent
+ crack growth at elevated temperatures. A triaxiality dependent damage
+ model is used to represent the multiaxial creep ductility of the
+ material and an analytical model to predict steady state crack growth in
+ terms of the fracture parameter C, designated the NSW-MOD model, is
+ presented. This model is an enhancement of the earlier NSW model for
+ creep crack growth as it accounts for the dependence of stress and
+ strain on angular position around the crack tip. Elastic-creep and
+ elastic-plastic-creep finite element analyses are performed for a
+ cracked compact tension specimen and the crack propagation rate in the
+ specimen is predicted. It is found that in general the NSW-MOD model
+ gives an accurate estimate of the crack growth rate when compared to the
+ finite element predictions and experimental data for a carbon-manganese
+ steel. However, crack growth rates predicted from the finite element
+ analysis at low values of C{*} may be higher than those predicted by
+ either the NSW or NSW-MOD model. This enhanced level of crack growth may
+ be associated with the non-steady state conditions experienced at the
+ crack tip. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{O'Dowd, NP (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, S Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd, Res Lab, Igogo Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2358501, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.12.012}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{creep; crack growth rate; fracture mechanics; C{*} high temperature
+ testing; finite element analysis; damage mechanics; constraint}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE; INITIATION; FAILURE; FIELDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{n.odowd@imperial.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{O'Dowd, Noel/B-6588-2008
+ MA&BE, Department/A-5579-2012
+ Irish Centre for Composites, Research (ICOMP)/D-4887-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{O'Dowd, Noel/0000-0001-5717-8561
+ }},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{033GH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236834500003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000234630100005,
+Author = {Quaresimin, M and Ricotta, M},
+Title = {{Fatigue behaviour and damage evolution of single lap bonded joints in
+ composite material}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Number = {{2, SI}},
+Pages = {{176-187}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Note = {{6th International Seminar on Experimental Techniques and Design in
+ Composite Materials, Univ Padova, Vicenza, ITALY, JUN, 2003}},
+Abstract = {{The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the
+ fatigue behaviour of single lap bonded joints. Carbon/epoxy laminates
+ bonded with epoxy adhesive were tested under tension-tension fatigue
+ loading and the effect of overlap length and corner geometry was
+ discussed by using the classical stress-life approach. Significant
+ improvements in fatigue strength can be obtained by adopting long
+ overlap length and spew fillet corner geometry. A careful analysis of
+ the evolution of the fatigue damage was also carried out and it was
+ observed that a significant fraction of the fatigue life of the joint is
+ spent in the nucleation of one or more cracks which then propagate up to
+ failure of the joint. The duration of nucleation process, which can last
+ from 20\% up to 70\% of the joint life, suggests the need of
+ incorporating this phase in the development of future predictive models.
+ The fatigue crack propagation process is also discussed and the rates of
+ crack propagation evaluated. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Quaresimin, M (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, Stradella San Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.
+ Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.04.026}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{fatigue; damage evolution; composite material}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK INITIATION; ADHESIVE JOINTS; PART 1; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION;
+ GROWTH; STRENGTH; FRACTURE; LIFE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{marino.quaresimin@unipd.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ricotta, Mauro/G-5033-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ricotta, Mauro/0000-0002-3517-9464}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{002RW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000234630100005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236506100009,
+Author = {Shao, JF and Chau, KT and Feng, XT},
+Title = {{Modeling of anisotropic damage and creep deformation in brittle rocks}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{582-592}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{A new constitutive model is proposed for the description of induced
+ anisotropic damage in brittle rocks. The formulation of the model is
+ based on relevant results from micromechanics consideration. The
+ distribution of microcracks is approximated by a second-order damage
+ tensor. The effective elastic properties of damaged material are derived
+ from the free enthalpy function. The evolution of damage is directly
+ related to the growth of microcracks in different space orientations.
+ The volumetric dilatancy due to sliding crack opening is taken into
+ account. The model is extended to the description of creep deformation
+ in brittle rocks. The time dependent deformation is seen as a
+ consequence of the sub-critical propagation of microcracks due to stress
+ corrosion process. The proposed model is applied to a typical brittle
+ rock, the Lac du Bonnet granite. A general good agreement is obtained
+ between numerical simulations and experimental data. (c) 2005 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{CNRS, Lab Mech Lille, UMR 8107, Polytech Lille Cite Sci, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ CNRS, Lab Mech Lille, UMR 8107, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock \& Soil Mech, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
+ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.10.004}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4545}},
+Keywords = {{anisotropic damage; creep deformation; microcracks; granite; brittle
+ materials}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; COMPRESSION; GRANITE; FAILURE; MICROMECHANICS;
+ GEOMATERIALS; TRANSITION; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{jian-fu.shao@polytech-lille.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Feng, Xia-Ting/D-5324-2009
+ CHAU, K.T./A-8183-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{CHAU, K.T./0000-0002-3486-3547}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{55}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{028RN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236506100009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000240709300001,
+Author = {Pardoen, T.},
+Title = {{Numerical simulation of low stress triaxiality ductile fracture}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTERS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{84}},
+Number = {{26-27}},
+Pages = {{1641-1650}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{One of the main shortcoming of existing damage models when applied to
+ the simulation of metal forming operations is their limited validity
+ under low stress triaxiality conditions. An extended Gurson model
+ incorporating the effect of void shape and relative void spacing on the
+ growth and coalescence has been developed in order to encompass both low
+ and large stress triaxiality regimes. The constitutive model has been
+ implemented into an implicit finite element code within a finite strain
+ set up. Identification procedures from experimental data are proposed
+ and illustrated in an application on copper bars exhibiting different
+ strain hardening capacity. A parametric analysis of the damage evolution
+ in specimens deformed under uniaxial tension with necking demonstrates
+ the importance of properly accounting for void shape and void
+ coalescence in the case of large strains problems. (c) 2006 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pardoen, T (Reprint Author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Mat Sci \& Procedes, IMAP, Pl St Barbe 2, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Mat Sci \& Procedes, IMAP, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.05.001}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7949}},
+Keywords = {{solid mechanics; damage; plasticity; anisotropy; fracture; void growth}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{VOID GROWTH-MODELS; CRACK-GROWTH; COPPER BARS; COALESCENCE; STRAIN;
+ NUCLEATION; PLASTICITY; RUPTURE; SCALE; MICROMECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{pardoen@imap.ucl.ac.be}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{55}},
+Times-Cited = {{50}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{086YN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000240709300001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236730600006,
+Author = {Li, GQ},
+Title = {{Experimental study of FRP confined concrete cylinders}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{28}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1001-1008}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{In this study, two types of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) confined
+ concrete cylinders were prepared. One was FRP jacketed concrete
+ cylinders; the other was FRP tube encased concrete cylinders. A total of
+ 24 jacketed cylinders and 15 encased cylinders were prepared. For the
+ jacketed cylinders, six fiber orientations and two FRP wall thicknesses
+ were used; for the encased cylinders, four batches of concrete with
+ normal to high strength were used and both bonded and unbonded
+ interfacial conditions were considered. It is found that insufficiently
+ confined cylinders behave similar to unconfined cylinders. FRP cannot
+ confine the concrete core until the concrete is damaged (cracked or
+ crushed) due to the larger transverse Poisson's ratio and lower axial
+ stiffness of FRP. The rate of increase in confinement effectiveness
+ decreases nonlinearly as confinement ratio increases. A considerable
+ deviation is found between the prediction by existing design-oriented
+ confinement models and test results. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, GQ (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ So Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.11.006}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{FRP; concrete; cylinders; compression; confinement model; Poisson's
+ effect; stress-strain curve}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS-STRAIN MODEL; STRENGTH; COLUMNS; COMPOSITES; DESIGN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{guoli@me.lsu.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{50}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{031UU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236730600006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000239827200007,
+Author = {Pirondi, A. and Bonora, N. and Steglich, D. and Brocks, W. and Hellmann,
+ D.},
+Title = {{Simulation of failure under cyclic plastic loading by damage models}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{22}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{2146-2170}},
+Note = {{11th International Conference on Plasticity and Current Applications,
+ Kauai, HI, JAN 03-08, 2005}},
+Abstract = {{The purpose of this work is to simulate the evolution of ductile damage
+ and failure involved by plastic strain reversals using damage models
+ based on either continuum damage mechanics (CDM) or porosity evolution.
+ A low alloy steel for pressure vessels (20MnMoNi55) was chosen as
+ reference material. The work includes both experimental and simulation
+ phases. The experimental campaign involves different kinds of specimens
+ and testing conditions. First, monotonic tensile tests have been
+ performed in order to evaluate tensile and ductile damage behaviour.
+ Then, the cyclic yielding behaviour has been characterized performing
+ cyclic plasticity tests on cylindrical bars. Finally, cyclic loading
+ tests in the plastic regime have been made on different round notched
+ bars (RNBs) to study the evolution of plastic deformation and damage
+ under multiaxial stress conditions. The predictions of the different
+ models were compared in terms of both, the specimens macroscopic
+ response and local damage. Special emphasis was laid on predictions of
+ the number of cycles prior to final failure and the crack initiation
+ loci. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pirondi, A (Reprint Author), Univ Parma, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, Parco Area Sci 181-A, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
+ Univ Parma, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
+ Univ Cassino, DiMSAT, I-03043 Cassino, Italy.
+ GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-2054 Geesthacht, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.03.007}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{cyclic plasticity; damage; porous metal plasticity; continuum damage
+ mechanics (CDM)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; DUCTILE DAMAGE; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS;
+ NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; MECHANICS MODEL; NOTCHED BARS; GURSON MODEL;
+ FRACTURE; SIZE; RUPTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{pirondia@me.unipr.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bonora, Nicola/0000-0003-3473-630X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
+Times-Cited = {{50}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{074QP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239827200007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000238799700003,
+Author = {Hu, Huiwen and Wang, Bor-Tsuen and Lee, Cheng-Hsin and Su, Jing-Shiang},
+Title = {{Damage detection of surface cracks in composite laminates using modal
+ analysis and strain energy method}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{74}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{399-405}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents an approach to detect surface cracks in various
+ composite laminates. Carbon/epoxy composite AS4/PEEK was used to
+ fabricate laminated plates, {[}0](16), {[}90](16), {[}(0/90)(4)]s and
+ {[}+/- 45/0/90](2S). Surface crack damage was created on one side of the
+ plate using a laser cutting machine. Modal analysis was performed to
+ obtain the mode shapes from both experimental and finite element
+ analysis results. The mode shapes were then used to calculate strain
+ energy using the differential quadrature method (DQM). Consequently, the
+ strain energies of laminated plates before and after damaged were used
+ to define a damage index which successfully identified the surface crack
+ location. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hu, HW (Reprint Author), Natl Pingtung Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Vehicle Engn, Neipu 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan.
+ Natl Pingtung Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Vehicle Engn, Neipu 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan.
+ Natl Pingtung Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Neipu 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.04.020}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{composite laminates; damage detection; modal analysis; strain energy;
+ DQM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL FREQUENCIES; VIBRATION; DELAMINATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{huiwen@mail.npust.edu.tw}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{12}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{060JY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238799700003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000235824500006,
+Author = {Quaresimin, M and Ricotta, M},
+Title = {{Stress intensity factors and strain energy release rates in single lap
+ bonded joints in composite materials}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Number = {{5, SI}},
+Pages = {{647-656}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Note = {{9th European/Japanese Symposium on Composite Materials, Hamburg,
+ GERMANY, MAY 24-27, 2004}},
+Abstract = {{In the first part of this work {[}Quaresimin M, Ricotta M. Fatigue
+ behaviour and damage evolution of single lap bonded joints in composite
+ material.. Compos Sci Technol, in press] the fatigue behaviour of single
+ lap bonded joints in composite materials was investigated. In this
+ paper, the results of an extensive investigation on the stress intensity
+ factors (SIFs) and strain energy release rate (SERR) for the same joints
+ are presented and discussed. Linear elastic finite element analyses were
+ carried out to evaluate generalised SIFs in the geometry of interest and
+ the influence of overlap length, corner geometry, adhesive properties
+ and thickness was investigated. Geometric nonlinear analyses were
+ instead used for the analysis of the SERR trends as a function of the
+ crack length. On the basis of these results, a new equivalent
+ formulation for the SERR was introduced, suitable to account for the
+ mixed-mode loading condition as well as for the continuous variation of
+ the mode-mixity during the fatigue life of the joints. The results
+ presented here, together with the experimental results reported in the
+ first part of the work, represent the basis for development and
+ validation of a life prediction methodology, which is discussed in the
+ third part of this work {[}Quaresimin M, Ricotta M. Life prediction of
+ bonded joints in composite materials. Int J Fatigue, in press]. (c) 2005
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Quaresimin, M (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, Str San Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.
+ Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.07.036}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{stress; energy release; bonded joints}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK PROPAGATION LIFETIME; PREDICTION; STRENGTH; FRACTURE; CORNERS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{marino.quaresimin@unipd.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ricotta, Mauro/G-5033-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ricotta, Mauro/0000-0002-3517-9464}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{019GV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000235824500006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ ISI:000237329600051,
+Author = {Carpinteri, Alberto and Lacidogna, Giuseppe and Niccolini, Gianni},
+Editor = {{Liu, HY and Hu, X and Hoffman, M}},
+Title = {{Critical behaviour in concrete structures and damage localization by
+ acoustic emission}},
+Booktitle = {{FRACTURE OF MATERIALS: MOVING FORWARDS}},
+Series = {{Key Engineering Materials}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{312}},
+Pages = {{305-310}},
+Note = {{International Workshop on Fracture of Materials - Moving Forwards,
+ Sydney, AUSTRALIA, JAN 23-25, 2006}},
+Abstract = {{Extensive research and studies on concrete fracture and failure have
+ shown that concrete should be viewed as a quasi-brittle material having
+ a size-dependent behaviour. Numerous experimental techniques have been
+ employed to evaluate fracture processes, and a number of modelling
+ approaches have been developed to predict fracture behaviour. The
+ non-destructive method based on the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique has
+ proved highly effective, especially to check and measure the damage
+ phenomena that take place inside a structure subjected to mechanical
+ loading. In this paper an experimental investigation conducted on
+ concrete and RC structures by means of the AE technique is described.
+ The AE signals reflecting the release of energy taking place during the
+ damage process were recorded and micro-cracking sources were localised
+ by measuring time delays by means of spatially distributed AE sensors.}},
+Publisher = {{TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Carpinteri, A (Reprint Author), Politecn Torino, Dept Struct Engn \& Geotech, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
+ Politecn Torino, Dept Struct Engn \& Geotech, I-10129 Turin, Italy.}},
+ISSN = {{1013-9826}},
+ISBN = {{0-87849-994-6}},
+Keywords = {{acoustic emission; earthquakes; Gutenberg-Richter law; damage
+ localisation; concrete structures; damage mechanics; crack growth}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{aalberto.carpinteri@polito.it
+ bgiuseppe.lacidogna@polito.it
+ cgianni.niccolini@polito.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lacidogna, Giuseppe /L-8217-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lacidogna, Giuseppe /0000-0002-0192-3793}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{12}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BEI42}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000237329600051}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000238496800002,
+Author = {Baucom, JN and Zikry, MA and Rajendran, AM},
+Title = {{Low-velocity impact damage accumulation in woven S2-glass composite
+ systems}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1229-1238}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The objective of this experimental investigation is to obtain a detailed
+ understanding of damage accumulation in two-dimensional (2D) and
+ three-dimensional (3D) woven glass-fiber-reinforced composite panels
+ under repeated transverse drop-weight impact loading conditions.
+ Measurements were obtained for impact force and energy dissipation. The
+ radial spread of damage was smallest for the 2D laminates and largest
+ for the 3D woven composites. The 3D composites had the greatest
+ resistance to penetration and dissipated more total energy than the
+ laminate system. This damage tolerance is due to unique energy
+ absorption mechanisms, which involve the crimped portion of z-tows in
+ the 3D composites. This is significant, since 3D architectures can
+ provide both an inherent capability to dissipate energy over a large
+ radial area and a greater perforation strength than comparable 2D
+ laminate systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zikry, MA (Reprint Author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
+ N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
+ USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
+ USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.11.005}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{impact behavior; textile composites; debonding; matrix cracking;
+ delamination}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PENETRATION FAILURE; TOLERANCE; PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{baucom@anvil.nrl.navy.mil
+ zikry@ncsu.edu
+ raj.rajendran@us.army.mil}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{056BU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238496800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000240858700004,
+Author = {Contrafatto, L. and Cuomo, M.},
+Title = {{A framework of elastic-plastic damaging model for concrete under
+ multiaxial stress states}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{22}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{2272-2300}},
+Abstract = {{The paper concerns the description and the validation of a constitutive
+ model for concrete characterized by a combined
+ plastic-hardening-damage-fracture dissipative criterion developed within
+ the framework of the simple material model, so that its numerical
+ implementation is easy and robust. Two different damage isotropic
+ mechanisms associated with tensile and compressive strain processes are
+ introduced and two hardening variables are used; the first rules the
+ plastic hardening while the second controls the compaction of the
+ material. The limit domain is defined through the envelope of three
+ yield criteria presenting a strong and original coupling between plastic
+ and damage dissipative mechanisms. It is demonstrated that the proposed
+ framework allows the reproduction of some distinctive features of the
+ behavior of concrete under multiaxial stress states, such as volumetric
+ hardening in triaxial compression load processes, the increment of
+ strength under confined compression, post-peak dilatancy, varying
+ degradation of the elastic stiffness in tensile or compressive stress
+ states, the increase of the limit strain in cyclic processes. A
+ comparison of the numerical predictions with the literature experimental
+ tests is presented. The limits of the proposed model are also discussed
+ in the paper. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Contrafatto, L (Reprint Author), Univ Catania, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Vle A Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
+ Univ Catania, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, I-95125 Catania, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.03.011}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{concrete; constitutive behavior; elastic-plastic material; damage
+ mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BRITTLE MATERIALS; MICROPLANE MODEL; CONSTITUTIVE THEORY; INELASTIC
+ BEHAVIOR; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; PLAIN CONCRETE; CRACK MODEL; COMPRESSION;
+ STRAIN; TENSILE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{lcontra@dica.unict.it
+ mcuomo@dica.unict.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{cuomo, massimo/0000-0002-8158-8218}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{089CW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000240858700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000240184700010,
+Author = {Quaresimin, M. and Ricotta, M.},
+Title = {{Life prediction of bonded joints in composite materials}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{28}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1166-1176}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Note = {{3rd International Conference on Fatigue of Composites (ICFC3), Kyoto,
+ JAPAN, SEP 13-15, 2004}},
+Abstract = {{The paper presents a model for the prediction of the fatigue life of
+ composite bonded joints. The model was developed on the basis of
+ extensive experimental and numerical investigations, presented in the
+ first {[}Quaresimin M, Ricotta M. Fatigue behaviour and damage evolution
+ of single lap bonded joints in composite material. Compos Sci Technol,
+ 2006;66:176-87] and second {[}Quaresimin M, Ricotta M. Stress intensity
+ factors and strain energy release rates in single lap bonded joints in
+ composite materials. Compos Sci Technol, 2006;66:647-56] part of this
+ work.
+ The model is based on the actual mechanics of the fatigue damage
+ evolution and describes the joint lifetime as the sequence of a crack
+ nucleation phase followed by a propagation phase. The nucleation phase
+ was modelled by using a generalised stress intensity factor (SIF)
+ approach, summarising the fatigue data to crack initiation in scatter
+ bands in terms of generalised SIFs. The life spent in the propagation
+ phase was obtained by integration of a Paris-like power law relating the
+ strain energy release rate (SERR) to the rate of the crack growth. The
+ Paris curves were obtained by combination of crack propagation data
+ measured on the joints and functions describing the SERR variations with
+ the crack length calculated via FE analysis. Several alternative
+ combinations of crack propagation data and SERR components were compared
+ to investigate their possible influence on the life prediction. The
+ model validation provided a good agreement between predictions and
+ experimental fatigue data obtained for single lap joints with different
+ overlap length and corner geometry. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Quaresimin, M (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, Stradella San Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.
+ Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.02.005}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{composite bonded joints; fatigue; life prediction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; ENERGY RELEASE RATES; DOUBLE-LAP JOINTS;
+ CRACK-GROWTH; FINITE-ELEMENT; FATIGUE; SINGLE; ADHESIVE; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{marino.quaresimin@unipd.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ricotta, Mauro/G-5033-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ricotta, Mauro/0000-0002-3517-9464}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{079NW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000240184700010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000244831800117,
+Author = {Browning, R. L. and Lim, G. -T. and Moyse, A. and Sue, H. -J. and Chen,
+ H. and Earls, J. D.},
+Title = {{Quantitative evaluation of scratch resistance of polymeric coatings
+ based on a standardized progressive load scratch test}},
+Journal = {{SURFACE \& COATINGS TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{201}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{2970-2976}},
+Month = {{DEC 4}},
+Abstract = {{A new quantitative testing methodology is employed to study the scratch
+ behavior of polymeric coatings. The effects of coating ductility and
+ thickness on a set of model experimental acrylic polymers coated on
+ steel substrate are investigated. The progressive load test provides
+ information regarding the critical normal load to failure for onset of
+ damage processes such as coating delamination, transverse cracking and
+ buckling failure. Both optical microscopy and scanning electron
+ microscopy are utilized to characterize the coating damage. The new test
+ method proves effective in quantitative evaluation of coating resistance
+ against scratch. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sue, HJ (Reprint Author), Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Polymer Technol Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Polymer Technol Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Dow Chem Co USA, Core R\&D, Freeport, TX 77541 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.06.007}},
+ISSN = {{0257-8972}},
+Keywords = {{polymeric coating; acrylic polymer; scratch resistance; coating
+ thickness; delamination; buckling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{3-DIMENSIONAL FINITE-ELEMENT; ADHESION-TEST; MAR RESISTANCE; AUTOMOTIVE
+ COATINGS; MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; HARD COATINGS; DAMAGE; POLYPROPYLENE;
+ BEHAVIOR; CONTACT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Coatings \& Films; Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{hjsue@tamu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sue, HJ/A-4051-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Sue, HJ/0000-0002-3898-4469}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Surf. Coat. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{144YF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244831800117}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000239244400007,
+Author = {Qing, Xinlin P. and Chan, Hian-Leng and Beard, Shawn J. and Kumar,
+ Amrita},
+Title = {{An active diagnostic system for structural health monitoring of rocket
+ engines}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{17}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{619-628}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{An active diagnostic system using built-in piezoelectric actuator/sensor
+ networks was developed for monitoring crack growth in a rocket engine
+ pipe. The diagnostic system combines a sensor network, portable
+ diagnostic hardware and data analysis software which allows for
+ real-time in situ monitoring and long term tracking of the structural
+ integrity of pressure vessels. Experimental data shows that the system
+ can detect a surface crack as small as 4 mm and a through-crack as small
+ as 2 mm in the high pressure engine pipe made of Inconel 718. It was
+ found that the actuator-sensor paths that are most sensitive to crack
+ growth are the ones in which the crack is growing away from, rather than
+ towards the path. This discovery will provide important guidelines for
+ the design of a sensor network for crack detection. It was also observed
+ that the bending mode (equivalent to the A(0) mode in plates) is more
+ sensitive than the longitudinal mode (equivalent to the S-0 mode in
+ plates) to crack growth.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Qing, XLP (Reprint Author), Acellent Technol Inc, 155 C-3 Moffett Pk Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA.
+ Acellent Technol Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1045389X06059956}},
+ISSN = {{1045-389X}},
+Keywords = {{structural health monitoring; sensor network; engine pipe; crack
+ detection}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE DETECTION; LAMB WAVES; PIPE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{peter@acellent.com}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{066QE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239244400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000239879700002,
+Author = {Chen, L. H. and Labuz, J. F.},
+Title = {{Indentation of rock by wedge-shaped tools}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1023-1033}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents the experimental results obtained with a
+ two-dimensional indentation device controlled by a servo-hydraulic
+ loading system and monitored with the nondestructive techniques of
+ acoustic emission and electronic speckle pattern interferometry. The
+ goals of this research were to evaluate the indentation pressure as well
+ as the size of a damage (plastic) zone, and to study the initiation of
+ tensile fracture at the intact rock-damaged rock boundary, that is, the
+ elasto-plastic interface. The key factors controlling the failure
+ process are (1) the mechanical properties of the rock including the
+ elasticity and strength parameters, (2) the geometric features of the
+ tool such as the wedge angle, and (3) the lateral confinement simulating
+ the far-field stress. A good agreement with regard to indentation
+ pressure and damage-zone radius was found between the experimental and
+ theoretical analyses. Furthermore, the intrinsic crack length, critical
+ in establishing tensile fracture, was estimated and correlated to the
+ grain size. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Labuz, JF (Reprint Author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
+ Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
+ Natl Taiwan Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei, Taiwan.
+ Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.03.005}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+Keywords = {{acoustic emission; cavity expansion model; crack propagation; speckle
+ interferometry; wedge indentation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PRINCIPLES; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{jlabuz@umn.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Labuz, Joseph/0000-0002-7549-0644}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{075JB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239879700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000239682600009,
+Author = {Ismail, Z. and Razak, H. Abdul and Rahman, A. G. Abdul},
+Title = {{Determination of damage location in RC beams using mode shape
+ derivatives}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{28}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{1566-1573}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes the determination of the location of damage due to
+ single cracks and due to honeycombs in RC beams using mode shape
+ derivatives from modal testing. The cracks were induced by application
+ of point loads at predetermined locations on the RC beams. The load was
+ increased in stages to obtain different crack heights to simulate the
+ extent and severity of damage. Experimental modal analysis was performed
+ on the beams with cracks prior to and after each load cycle, on a
+ control beam, and beams with honeycombs. The mode shapes and the
+ eigenvectors were used to determine the location of damage.
+ The indicator vertical bar lambda(4)vertical bar was obtained by
+ rearranging the equation for free transverse vibration of a uniform
+ beam, and applying the fourth order centered finite-divided difference
+ formula to the regressed mode shape data. The equation is an eigenvalue
+ problem, and the value of vertical bar lambda(4)vertical bar will be a
+ constant. Differences in the values indicate stiffness change, and the
+ affected region indicates the general area of damage.
+ Analysis of results using vertical bar lambda(4)vertical bar was able to
+ indicate the general region of damage, the exact location being around
+ the center of the region. Curve fitting with Chebyshev series rationals
+ onto the mode shape also highlighted points of high residuals around the
+ region of damage. The proposed algorithm on the mode shape can form the
+ basis of a technique for structural health monitoring of damaged
+ reinforced concrete structures. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Razak, HA (Reprint Author), Univ Malaya, Dept Civil Engn, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
+ Univ Malaya, Dept Civil Engn, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.02.010}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{reinforced concrete; modal test; natural frequency; mode shape
+ derivative; load carrying capacity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK LOCATION; PARAMETERS; IDENTIFICATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{hashim@um.edu.my}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{ABDUL RAZAK, HASHIM/B-8601-2010
+ Ismail, Zubaidah/F-3321-2012
+ Ismail, Zubaidah/A-8612-2013
+ Ismail, Zubaidah /B-2785-2010}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{ABDUL RAZAK, HASHIM/0000-0002-5458-6188
+ Ismail, Zubaidah /0000-0002-5299-7960}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{072OL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239682600009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000235832600011,
+Author = {Zhang, Y and Zhu, P and Lai, XM},
+Title = {{Finite element analysis of low-velocity impact damage in composite
+ laminated plates}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS \& DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{513-519}},
+Abstract = {{Matrix cracking and delamination are the most common damage mechanisms
+ in laminated fiber reinforced composites due to low velocity impact. An
+ approach to predict the initiation and propagation of damage in
+ composite laminated plates is brought forward in this paper, which is
+ based on contact constraint introduced by penalty function method. The
+ potential delamination and matrix cracking areas are considered as
+ cohesive zone and the damage process as contact behavior between the
+ interfaces. A scalar damage variable is introduced and the degradation
+ of the interface stiffness is established. A damage surface which
+ combines stress-based and fracture-mechanics-based failure criteria is
+ set up to derive the damage evolution law. The damage model is
+ implemented into a commercial finite element package, ABAQUS, via its
+ user subroutine VUINTER. Numerical results on (0(4), 90(4))s
+ carbon-epoxy laminate plates due to transversely low velocity impact are
+ in good agreement with experimental observations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, Y (Reprint Author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 1954 Huashan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
+ Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.matdes.2004.11.014}},
+ISSN = {{0261-3069}},
+Keywords = {{laminate plate; cohesive zone; damage surface}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COHESIVE ZONE; DELAMINATION; MODEL; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{zytju@sjtu.edu.cn}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{019JY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000235832600011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000238173500003,
+Author = {Schubnel, Alexandre and Benson, Philip M. and Thompson, Ben D. and
+ Hazzard, Jim F. and Young, R. Paul},
+Title = {{Quantifying damage, saturation and anisotropy in cracked rocks by
+ inverting elastic wave velocities}},
+Journal = {{PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{163}},
+Number = {{5-6}},
+Pages = {{947-973}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Note = {{5th Euroconference on Rock Physics and Geomechanics, Potsdam, GERMANY,
+ SEP 19-23, 2004}},
+Abstract = {{Crack damage results in a decrease of elastic wave velocities and in the
+ development of anisotropy. Using non-interactive crack effective medium
+ theory as a fundamental tool, we calculate dry and wet elastic
+ properties of cracked rocks in terms of a crack density tensor, average
+ crack aspect ratio and mean crack fabric orientation from the solid
+ grains and fluid elastic properties. Using this same tool, we show that
+ both the anisotropy and shear-wave splitting of elastic waves can be
+ derived. Two simple crack distributions are considered for which the
+ predicted anisotropy depends strongly on the saturation, reaching up to
+ 60\% in the dry case. Comparison with experimental data on two granites,
+ a basalt and a marble, shows that the range of validity of the
+ non-interactive effective medium theory model extends to a total crack
+ density of approximately 0.5, considering symmetries up to orthorhombic.
+ In the isotropic case, Kachanov's (1994) non-interactive effective
+ medium model was used in order to invert elastic wave velocities and
+ infer both crack density and aspect ratio evolutions. Inversions are
+ stable and give coherent results in terms of crack density and aperture
+ evolution. Crack density variations can be interpreted in terms of crack
+ growth and/or changes of the crack surface contact areas as cracks are
+ being closed or opened respectively. More importantly, the recovered
+ evolution of aspect ratio shows an exponentially decreasing aspect ratio
+ (and therefore aperture) with pressure, which has broader geophysical
+ implications, in particular on fluid flow. The recovered evolution of
+ aspect ratio is also consistent with current mechanical theories of
+ crack closure. In the anisotropic cases-both transverse isotropic and
+ orthorhombic symmetries were considered-anisotropy and saturation
+ patterns were well reproduced by the modelling, and mean crack fabric
+ orientations we recovered are consistent with in situ geophysical
+ imaging.
+ Our results point out that: (1) It is possible to predict damage,
+ anisotropy and saturation in terms of a crack density tensor and mean
+ crack aspect ratio and orientation; (2) using well constrained wave
+ velocity data, it is possible to extrapolate the contemporaneous
+ evolution of crack density, anisotropy and saturation using wave
+ velocity inversion as a tool; 3) using such an inversion tool opens the
+ door in linking elastic properties, variations to permeability.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER BASEL AG}},
+Address = {{PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Schubnel, A (Reprint Author), Univ Toronto, Lassonde Inst, 170 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E3, Canada.
+ Univ Toronto, Lassonde Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 3E3, Canada.
+ UCL, Mineral Ice \& Rock Phys Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England.
+ Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth Sci, Appl Seismol Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
+ Rocksci Inc, Toronto, ON M5G 1Y8, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00024-006-0061-y}},
+ISSN = {{0033-4553}},
+EISSN = {{1420-9136}},
+Keywords = {{elastic wave velocities; anisotropy; crack density; saturation;
+ effective medium; attenuation; aspect ratio; Vp/Vs ratio; shear stress;
+ effective pressure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SEISMIC VELOCITIES; SELF-CONSISTENT; ORIENTED CRACKS; COMPRESSIBILITY;
+ ATTENUATION; SOLIDS; FLUID; PERMEABILITY; EARTHQUAKES; DISPERSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Benson, Philip/0000-0003-2120-3280}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{48}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Pure Appl. Geophys.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{051PR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000238173500003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236895800001,
+Author = {Yi, TY and Moon, FL and Leon, RT and Kahn, LF},
+Title = {{Lateral load tests on a two-story unreinforced masonry building}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{132}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{643-652}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A full-scale two-story Unreinforced masonry (URM) building was tested in
+ a quasistatic fashion to investigate the nonlinear properties of
+ existing URM structures and to assess the efficiency of several common
+ retrofit techniques. This paper presents the main experimental findings
+ associated with the nonlinear properties of the original URM structure.
+ The test structure exhibited large initial stiffness and its damage was
+ characterized by large, discrete cracks that developed in masonry walls.
+ Significant global behavior such as global rocking of an entire wall,
+ and local responses such as rocking and sliding of each individual pier
+ were observed in the masonry walls with different configurations. In
+ addition, formation of flanges in perpendicular walls and overturning
+ moments had significant effects on the behavior of the test structure. A
+ comparison between the experimental observations and the predictions of
+ FEMA 356 provisions shows that major improvements are needed for this
+ latter methodology.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yi, TY (Reprint Author), Stanley D Lindsey \& Associates Ltd, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA.
+ Stanley D Lindsey \& Associates Ltd, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA.
+ Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Environm \& Architectural Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
+ Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil \& Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:5(643)}},
+ISSN = {{0733-9445}},
+EISSN = {{1943-541X}},
+Keywords = {{masonry; seismic effects; failure investigations; full-scale tests;
+ retrofitting}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{tyi@sdl-atl.com}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Struct. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{034AH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236895800001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236588200014,
+Author = {Taskonak, B and Mecholsky, JJ and Anusavice, KJ},
+Title = {{Fracture surface analysis of clinically failed fixed partial dentures}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{85}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{277-281}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Ceramic systems have limited long-term fracture resistance, especially
+ when they are used in posterior areas or for fixed partial dentures. The
+ objective of this study was to determine the site of crack initiation
+ and the causes of fracture of clinically failed ceramic fixed partial
+ dentures. Six Empress 2 (R) lithia-disilicate (Li2O-2SiO(2))-based
+ veneered bridges and 7 experimental lithia-disilicate-based non-veneered
+ ceramic bridges were retrieved and analyzed. Fractography and fracture
+ mechanics methods were used to estimate the stresses at failure in 6
+ bridges (50\%) whose fracture initiated from the occlusal surface of the
+ connectors. Fracture of 1 non-veneered bridge (8\%) initiated within the
+ gingival surface of the connector. Three veneered bridges fractured
+ within the veneer layers. Failure stresses of the all-core fixed partial
+ dentures ranged from 107 to 161 NPa. Failure stresses of the veneered
+ fixed partial dentures ranged from 19 to 68 MPa. We conclude that
+ fracture initiation sites are controlled primarily by contact damage.}},
+Publisher = {{INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R}},
+Address = {{1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Taskonak, B (Reprint Author), Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Div Dent Biomat, 1121 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
+ Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Div Dent Biomat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
+ Univ Florida, Coll Engn, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
+ Univ Florida, Coll Engn, Dept Dent Biomat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.}},
+ISSN = {{0022-0345}},
+Keywords = {{fractography; dental ceramics; indentation; lateral cracks; fracture
+ mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DENTAL CERAMICS; STRESSES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Author-Email = {{btaskona@iupui.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIDCR NIH HHS {[}R01 DE006672, DE-06672-20, DE-13492-01, R01 DE013492,
+ R37 DE006672, R37 DE006672-17S1]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Dent. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{029TV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236588200014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000235782300024,
+Author = {Desimone, H and Bernasconi, A and Beretta, S},
+Title = {{On the application of Dang Van criterion to rolling contact fatigue}},
+Journal = {{WEAR}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{260}},
+Number = {{4-5}},
+Pages = {{567-572}},
+Month = {{FEB 24}},
+Abstract = {{In this note, the problem of the calibration of the Dang Van multiaxial
+ fatigue criterion is addressed. The discussion is based on uniaxial
+ fatigue tests performed with different stress ratios. Results show that
+ the usual technique for calibrating the constants of the Dang Van
+ criterion does not agree with experimental evidence, especially for
+ negative stress ratios. For this reason, a different fatigue failure
+ locus made of two straight line segments is proposed and typical
+ three-dimensional rolling contact stress histories are analyzed using
+ the traditional and proposed methods. Results show that the conventional
+ technique does not agree with knowledge coming from shakedown approaches
+ of rolling contact while the proposed method seems to constitute a more
+ appropriate limit. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Desimone, H (Reprint Author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Meccan, Via Masa 34, I-20156 Milan, Italy.
+ Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Meccan, I-20156 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.wear.2005.03.007}},
+ISSN = {{0043-1648}},
+Keywords = {{rolling contact fatigue; multiaxial fatigue; shakedown; residual
+ stresses; stress ratio}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RAILWAY WHEELS; CRACK INITIATION; PREDICTION; DAMAGE; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{hernan.desimone@polimi.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Beretta, Stefano/0000-0002-0824-8348
+ Bernasconi, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-4134}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Wear}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{018RK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000235782300024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236338500018,
+Author = {Lafarie-Frenot, MC and Rouquie, S and Ho, NQ and Bellenger, V},
+Title = {{Comparison of damage development in C/epoxy laminates during isothermal
+ ageing or thermal cycling}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{662-671}},
+Note = {{EUROMECH 453 Colloquium on Internal Stresses in Polymer Composite
+ Processing and Service Life, Ecole Mines St Etienne, Paris, FRANCE, DEC
+ 01-03, 2003}},
+Organization = {{Univ Federico II}},
+Abstract = {{The aim of this study is to characterize and compare damage processes in
+ carbon/epoxy laminates submitted to either isothermal ageing or thermal
+ cycling in neutral (vacuum or nitrogen) and oxidative (air) atmospheres.
+ During a thermal cycling test performed in an oxidative atmosphere like
+ air, there is a coupling effect between matrix oxidation, occurring at
+ the highest temperatures of the cycle, and matrix cracking due to
+ thermo-mechanical ply stresses induced by the prevented differential
+ expansions of the plies. In order to separate those two damage
+ mechanisms, a model of oxidation is used to determine the experimental
+ conditions of an isothermal test `equivalent' to a thermal cycling one,
+ in terms of mass loss due to oxidation. After having checked this
+ equivalence, a quantitative analysis of the damages induced by the two
+ types of tests, is carried out. It is shown that the oxidation of a
+ laminate in isothermal conditions results in damages, which concern only
+ the skin of the sample. On the contrary, the coupling of such damage
+ mechanisms with cyclic stresses in thermal cycling accelerates the
+ damage processes and especially the matrix crack propagation from the
+ surfaces to the core of the laminate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lafarie-Frenot, MC (Reprint Author), ENSMA, CNRS, LMPM, UMR 6617, Teleport 2,1 Ave Clement Ader,BP 40109, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.
+ ENSMA, CNRS, LMPM, UMR 6617, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.
+ ENSAM Paris, LTVP, F-75013 Paris, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.002}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{environmental degradation; transverse cracking; damage mechanisms;
+ thermal cycling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THERMOOXIDATIVE STABILITY; POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; OXIDATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{lafarie@lmpm.ensma.fr
+ ho@lmpm.ensma.fr
+ veronique.bellenger@paris.ensam.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lafarie-Frenot, Marie Christine/E-1986-2014}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{026KT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236338500018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236628800004,
+Author = {Crocombe, AD and Hua, YX and Loh, WK and Wahab, MA and Ashcroft, IA},
+Title = {{Predicting the residual strength for environmentally degraded adhesive
+ lap joints}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{26}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{325-336}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{A cohesive zone model used to predict the residual strength of degraded
+ adhesively bonded lap joints is presented in this paper. Interfacial
+ failure of adhesive joints for a range of degradation was studied. A
+ mixed mode interfacial rupture element was proposed with a
+ traction-separation law. The two moisture dependent fracture parameters,
+ fracture energy and tripping traction, were calibrated using a mixed
+ mode flexure (MMF) test and finite element analyses. These parameters
+ were used to model the thick adherend shear test (TAST) and single lap
+ joint (SLJ) configurations without further modification. The ABAQUS FEA
+ package was used to implement the coupled mechanical-diffusion analyses.
+ The plasticity of the substrates was incorporated successfully and the
+ predicted joint residual strengths agree well with the corresponding
+ experimental data. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Crocombe, AD (Reprint Author), Univ Surrey, Sch Engn H5, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
+ Univ Surrey, Sch Engn H5, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
+ Univ Loughborough, Wolfson Sch Mech \& Mfg Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.04.003}},
+ISSN = {{0143-7496}},
+Keywords = {{steels; finite element stress analysis; durability; cohesive zone
+ modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH RESISTANCE; COHESIVE ZONE MODEL; FRACTURE; COMPOSITES;
+ INTERFACE; ELEMENTS; DAMAGE; LAYER; DEGRADATION; PLASTICITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{a.crocombe@surrey.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/K-4296-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/0000-0002-3610-865X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{030IU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236628800004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000242437200004,
+Author = {Ponson, L. and Bonamy, D. and Auradou, H. and Mourot, G. and Morel, S.
+ and Bouchaud, E. and Guillot, C. and Hulin, J. P.},
+Title = {{Anisotropic self-affine properties of experimental fracture surfaces}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{140}},
+Number = {{1-4}},
+Pages = {{27-37}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{11th International Conference on Fracture, Torino, ITALY, MAR 20-25,
+ 2005}},
+Organization = {{Italian Govt, Minist Infrastructures Transport; Natl Sci Fdn, Italy}},
+Abstract = {{The scaling properties of post-mortem fracture surfaces of brittle
+ (silica glass), ductile (aluminum alloy) and quasi-brittle (mortar and
+ wood) materials have been investigated. These surfaces, studied far from
+ the initiation, were shown to be self-affine. However, the Hurst
+ exponent measured along the crack direction is found to be different
+ from the one measured along the propagation direction. More generally, a
+ complete description of the scaling properties of these surfaces call
+ for the use of the two-dimensional (2D) height-height correlation
+ function that involves three exponents zeta similar or equal to 0.75,
+ beta similar or equal to 0.6 and z similar or equal to 1.25 independent
+ of the material considered as well as of the crack growth velocity.
+ These exponents are shown to correspond to the roughness, growth and
+ dynamic exponents respectively, as introduced in interface growth
+ models. They are conjectured to be universal.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ponson, L (Reprint Author), CEA Saclay, Fracture Grp, Serv Phys \& Chim Surfaces \& Interfaces, DSM,DRECAM,SPCSI, Batiment 462, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
+ CEA Saclay, Fracture Grp, Serv Phys \& Chim Surfaces \& Interfaces, DSM,DRECAM,SPCSI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
+ Univ Paris 06, UMR 7608, Lab Fluide Automat \& Syst Therm, F-91405 Orsay, France.
+ Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France.
+ Lab Rheol Bois Bordeaux, UMR 5103, F-33612 Cestas, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-005-3059-z}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+EISSN = {{1573-2673}},
+Keywords = {{roughening; fractal cracks}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-PROPAGATION; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; ROUGHNESS; INTERFACES; DYNAMICS;
+ DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{laurent.r.ponson@wanadoo.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bonamy, Daniel/G-7790-2012
+ Morel, Stephane/B-2213-2014}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{111FQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000242437200004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236460800010,
+Author = {Brunner, AJ and Blackman, BRK and Williams, JG},
+Title = {{Calculating a damage parameter and bridging stress from G(IC)
+ delamination tests on fibre composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{785-795}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Note = {{Workshop on the Advances in Statics and Dynamics of Delamination,
+ Cachan, FRANCE, SEP, 2003}},
+Organization = {{LMT; DLR}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, a number of experimental round-robin data sets obtained
+ using the mode I double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen to evaluate G(IC)
+ for fibre composite laminates have been reanalysed with a view to
+ determining additional parameters to describe microcracking and damage
+ in the composite arm, and the bridging stresses at the crack tip. The
+ additional parameters are derived using the length correction term
+ deduced from corrected beam theory. However, the reanalysis of the
+ round-robin data revealed significant variations in this length
+ correction term. It is argued here that these variations originate from
+ errors in the measurement of crack length which can be either random or
+ systematic. An alternative analysis scheme is proposed from which the
+ crack lengths are calculated using the measured compliance and a
+ pre-determined flexural modulus value. Such an approach yields
+ considerable insight into the accuracy of the test method. (c) 2005
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Brunner, AJ (Reprint Author), EMPA, Polymer Composites Lab, Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ EMPA, Polymer Composites Lab, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Engn Mech, London SW7 2BX, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.12.040}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{polymer matrix composites (PMCs); fracture toughness; modelling;
+ delamination; fibre bridging}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ROUND-ROBIN; EPOXY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wlliams, J Gordon/B-9130-2013}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{028BP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236460800010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000235824500002,
+Author = {Knops, M and Bogle, C},
+Title = {{Gradual failure in fibre/polymer laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Number = {{5, SI}},
+Pages = {{616-625}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Note = {{9th European/Japanese Symposium on Composite Materials, Hamburg,
+ GERMANY, MAY 24-27, 2004}},
+Abstract = {{In composites basically Fibre Failure (FF) and Inter Fibre Failure (IFF)
+ of the individual layers of a laminate have to be distinguished. Whereas
+ FF inevitably leads to total failure of the laminate certain IFF-modes
+ are tolerable for many applications like for example pressure vessels.
+ In these pressure vessels the damage process is gradual. When IFF has
+ occurred in a layer the stiffness of this layer is lowered and part of
+ its load transferred to other layers of the laminate leading there to
+ higher stresses and potentially to further failure. This so called
+ gradual failure process has so far not been considered in stress and
+ strength analysis of FRP-components based on the Classical Laminate
+ Theory (CLT). In order to change this unsatisfying situation
+ comprehensive experimental data for the calibration of degradation
+ models - which quantify the loss of stiffness - has been generated for
+ the first time. With this data and the newly developed analytical
+ program Subu the gradual failure process in Fibre/polymer-laminates can
+ now be calculated more realistically. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier
+ Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Knops, M (Reprint Author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Plast Proc, IKV, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
+ Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Plast Proc, IKV, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.07.044}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{gradual failure; inter fibre fracture; non-linear stress analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TRANSVERSE CRACKING; PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS; MATRIX CRACKING; DAMAGE
+ MODEL; COMPOSITES; PREDICTION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; GLASS; CRITERION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{knops@ikv.rwth-aachen.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{019GV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000235824500002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000236320500007,
+Author = {Mediavilla, J and Peerlings, RHJ and Geers, MGD},
+Title = {{A robust and consistent remeshing-transfer operator for ductile fracture
+ simulations}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTERS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{84}},
+Number = {{8-9}},
+Pages = {{604-623}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper addresses the numerical simulation of quasi-static ductile
+ fracture. The main focus is on numerical and stability aspects related
+ to discrete crack propagation. Crack initiation and propagation are
+ taken into account, both driven by the evolution of a discretely coupled
+ damage variable. Discrete ductile failure is embedded in a geometrically
+ nonlinear hyperelasto-plastic model, triggered by an appropriate
+ criterion that has been evaluated for tensile and shear failure. A crack
+ direction criterion is proposed, which is validated for both failure
+ cases and which is capable of capturing the experimentally observed
+ abrupt tensile-shear transition. In a large strain finite element
+ context, remeshing enables to trace the crack geometry as well as to
+ preserve an adequate element shape. Stability of the computations is an
+ important issue during crack propagation that can be compromised by two
+ factors, i.e. large stress redistributions during the crack opening and
+ the transfer of variables between meshes. A numerical procedure is
+ developed that renders crack propagation considerably more robust,
+ independently of the mesh fineness and crack discretisation. A
+ consistent transfer algorithm and a crack relaxation method are proposed
+ and implemented for this purpose. Finally, illustrative simulations are
+ compared with published experimental results to highlight the features
+ mentioned. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Peerlings, RHJ (Reprint Author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Engn Mech, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
+ Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Engn Mech, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
+ Netherlands Inst Met Res, NL-2628 AL Delft, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruc.2005.10.007}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7949}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2243}},
+Keywords = {{ductile damage; ductile fracture; finite element method; discrete crack;
+ remeshing; transfer}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MIXED-MODE FRACTURE; FINITE STRAIN ELASTOPLASTICITY; MAXIMUM PLASTIC
+ DISSIPATION; CRACK-GROWTH; ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; MULTIPLICATIVE
+ DECOMPOSITION; HARDENING MATERIAL; STRESS FIELDS; PROPAGATION; CONTINUUM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{j.mediavilla@tue.nl
+ r.h.j.peerlings@tue.nl
+ m.g.d.geers@tue.nl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Peerlings, Ron/B-4188-2011
+ Geers, Marc/E-4385-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Geers, Marc/0000-0002-0009-6351}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{77}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{026EO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000236320500007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000237120400007,
+Author = {de Moura, MFSF and Daniaud, R and Magalhaes, AG},
+Title = {{Simulation of mechanical behaviour of composite bonded joints containing
+ strip defects}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{26}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{464-473}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of strip defects
+ on the mechanical behaviour of composite bonded joints. Experimental
+ tests were performed using carbon-epoxy single-lap bonded joints.
+ Numerical simulations included interface finite elements and a
+ mixed-mode damage model based on the indirect use of fracture mechanics.
+ The interface finite elements allow the calculation of stresses at the
+ adherend-adhesive interfaces and the damage model allows the simulation
+ of damage initiation and growth. The application of the model to a
+ single-lap joint is presented. The influence of a defect on the stress
+ fields, joint strength and type of failure was evaluated. It was
+ verified that specific strength of the joints was not affected by the
+ size of the defect. The numerical results showed good agreement with the
+ experimental ones. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Moura, MFSF (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, R Dr Roberto Frias S-N, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Inst Super Engn Porto, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.06.010}},
+ISSN = {{0143-7496}},
+Keywords = {{epoxy/epoxides; composites; finite element stress analysis; fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LAP-SHEAR JOINTS; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; TRANSVERSE CRACKING; ADHESIVE
+ JOINTS; FRACTURE; PERFORMANCE; STRENGTH; ELEMENTS; FAILURE; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{mfmoura@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759
+ Magalhaes, Antonio/0000-0002-8764-1681}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{037AZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000237120400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000237133500009,
+Author = {Ladeveze, P and Lubineau, G and Violeau, D},
+Title = {{A computational damage micromodel of laminated composites}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{137}},
+Number = {{1-4}},
+Pages = {{139-150}},
+Month = {{JAN-FEB}},
+Abstract = {{A new computational damage micromodel for laminates, which takes into
+ account classical experimental micro- and macro-observations for various
+ stacking sequences, is described. The first computational examples are
+ shown.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lubineau, G (Reprint Author), Univ Paris 06, ENS Cachan, CNRS, LMT Cachan, 61 Ave Prsident Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ Univ Paris 06, ENS Cachan, CNRS, LMT Cachan, F-94235 Cachan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-005-3077-x}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+Keywords = {{composite; computation; damage; laminate; micromechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TRANSVERSE CRACKING; PLY; HOMOGENIZATION; DELAMINATION; PROPAGATION;
+ INITIATION; MESOMODEL; STRATEGY; FRACTURE; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{lubineau@lmt.ens-cachan.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{037FW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000237133500009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000239674800003,
+Author = {Ager, III, J. W. and Balooch, G. and Ritchie, R. O.},
+Title = {{Fracture, aging, and disease in bone}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2006}},
+Volume = {{21}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1878-1892}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{From a public health perspective, developing a detailed mechanistic
+ understanding of the well-known increase with age in fracture risk of
+ human bone is essential. This also represents a challenge from materials
+ science and fracture mechanics viewpoints. Bone has a complex,
+ hierarchical structure with characteristic features ranging from
+ nanometer to macroscopic dimensions; it is therefore significantly more
+ complex than most engineering materials. Nevertheless, by examining the
+ micro-/nanostructural changes accompanying the process of aging using
+ appropriate multiscale experimental methods and relating them to
+ fracture mechanics data, it is possible to obtain a quantitative picture
+ of how bone resists fracture. As human cortical bone exhibits rising ex
+ vivo crack-growth resistance with crack extension, its fracture
+ toughness must be evaluated in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve)
+ behavior. While the crack initiation toughness declines with age, the
+ more striking finding is that the crack-growth toughness declines even
+ more significantly and is essentially absent in bone from donors
+ exceeding 85 years in age. To explain such an age-induced deterioration
+ in the toughness of bone, we evaluate its fracture properties at
+ multiple length scales, specifically at the molecular and nano
+ dimensions using vibrational spectroscopies, at the microscale using
+ electron microscopy and hard/soft x-ray computed tomography, and at the
+ macroscale using R-curve measurements. We show that the reduction in
+ crack-growth toughness is associated primarily with a degradation in the
+ degree of extrinsic toughening, in particular involving crack bridging,
+ and that this occurs at relatively coarse size scales in the range of
+ tens to hundreds of micrometers. Finally, we briefly describe how
+ specific clinical treatments, e.g., with steroid hormones to treat
+ various inflammatory conditions, can prematurely damage bone, thereby
+ reducing its fracture resistance, whereas regulating the level of the
+ cytokine Transforming Growth Factor-beta can offer significant
+ improvements in the stiffness, strength, and toughness of bone and as
+ such may be considered a therapeutic target to treat increased bone
+ fragility induced by aging, drugs, and disease.}},
+Publisher = {{MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY}},
+Address = {{506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ritchie, RO (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent \& Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
+ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1557/JMR.2006.0242}},
+ISSN = {{0884-2914}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED
+ OSTEOPOROSIS; FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKS; HUMAN
+ COMPACT-BONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESISTANCE MECHANISM; TENSILE
+ PROPERTIES; GROWTH RESISTANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{RORitchie@lbl.gov}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{76}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{072LL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000239674800003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2007.bib b/data/WoS_export/2007.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f0d625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2007.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3113 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000243811600004,
+Author = {Barthelat, F. and Tang, H. and Zavattieri, P. D. and Li, C. -M. and
+ Espinosa, H. D.},
+Title = {{On the mechanics of mother-of-pearl: A key feature in the material
+ hierarchical structure}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{55}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{306-337}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Mother-of-pearl, also known as nacre, is the iridescent material which
+ forms the inner layer of seashells from gastropods and bivalves. It is
+ mostly made of microscopic ceramic tablets densely packed and bonded
+ together by a thin layer of biopolymer. The hierarchical microstructure
+ of this biological material is the result of millions of years of
+ evolution, and it is so well organized that its strength and toughness
+ are far superior to the ceramic it is made of. In this work the
+ structure of nacre is described over several length scales. The tablets
+ were found to have wavy surfaces, which were observed and quantified
+ using various experimental techniques. Tensile and shear tests performed
+ on small samples revealed that nacre can withstand relatively large
+ inelastic strains and exhibits strain hardening. In this article we
+ argue that the inelastic mechanism responsible for this behavior is
+ sliding of the tablets on one another accompanied by transverse
+ expansion in the direction perpendicular to the tablet planes. Three
+ dimensional representative volume elements, based on the identified
+ nacre microstructure and incorporating cohesive elements with a
+ constitutive response consistent with the interface material and
+ nanoscale features were numerically analyzed. The simulations revealed
+ that even in the absence of nanoscale hardening mechanism at the
+ interfaces, the microscale waviness of the tablets could generate strain
+ hardening, thereby spreading the inelastic deformation and suppressing
+ damage localization leading to material instability. The formation of
+ large regions of inelastic deformations around cracks and defects in
+ nacre are believed to be an important contribution to its toughness. In
+ addition, it was shown that the tablet junctions (vertical junctions
+ between tablets) strengthen the microstructure but do not contribute to
+ the overall material hardening. Statistical variations within the
+ microstructure were found to be beneficial to hardening and to the
+ overall mechanical stability of nacre. These results provide new
+ insights into the microstructural features that make nacre tough and
+ damage tolerant. Based on these findings, some design guidelines for
+ composites mimicking nacre are proposed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Espinosa, HD (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ GM Res \& Dev Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2006.07.007}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{biological material; microstructures; mechanical testing; strengthening
+ and mechanisms; finite elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POLYCRYSTALLINE BRITTLE MATERIALS; GRAIN LEVEL MODEL; FAILURE
+ INITIATION; PART I; NACRE; COMPOSITES; NANOSCALE; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR;
+ FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{francois.barthelat@mcgill.ca
+ espinosa@northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zavattieri, Pablo/B-1533-2008
+ Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{261}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{17}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{142}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{130PN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243811600004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000248674000003,
+Author = {Song, G. and Gu, H. and Mo, Y. L. and Hsu, T. T. C. and Dhonde, H.},
+Title = {{Concrete structural health monitoring using embedded piezoceramic
+ transducers}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{16}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{959-968}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Health monitoring of reinforced concrete bridges and other large-scale
+ civil infrastructures has received considerable attention in recent
+ years. However, traditional inspection methods (x-ray, C-scan, etc) are
+ expensive and sometimes ineffective for large-scale structures.
+ Piezoceramic transducers have emerged as new tools for the health
+ monitoring of large-scale structures due to their advantages of active
+ sensing, low cost, quick response, availability in different shapes, and
+ simplicity for implementation. In this research, piezoceramic
+ transducers are used for damage detection of a 6.1 m long reinforced
+ concrete bridge bent-cap. Piezoceramic transducers are embedded in the
+ concrete structure at pre-determined spatial locations prior to casting.
+ This research can be considered as a continuation of an earlier work,
+ where four piezoceramic transducers were embedded in planar locations
+ near one end of the bent-cap. This research involves ten piezoceramic
+ patches embedded at spatial locations in four different cross-sections.
+ To induce cracks in the bent-cap, the structure is subjected to loads
+ from four hydraulic actuators with capacities of 80 and 100 ton. In
+ addition to the piezoceramic sensors, strain gages, LVDTs, and
+ microscopes are used in the experiment to provide reference data. During
+ the experiment, one embedded piezoceramic patch is used as an actuator
+ to generate high frequency waves, and the other piezoceramic patches are
+ used as sensors to detect the propagating waves. With the increasing
+ number and severity of cracks, the magnitude of the sensor output
+ decreases. Wavelet packet analysis is used to analyze the recorded
+ sensor signals. A damage index is formed on the basis of the wavelet
+ packet analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed methods
+ of using piezoceramic transducers along with the damage index based on
+ wavelet packet analysis are effective in identifying the existence and
+ severity of cracks inside the concrete structure. The experimental
+ results demonstrate that the proposed method has the ability to predict
+ the failure of a concrete structure as verified by results from
+ conventional microscopes (MSs) and LVDTs.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Song, G (Reprint Author), Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
+ Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
+ Univ Houston, Dept Civil Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/16/4/003}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{gsong@uh.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{156}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{199CO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000248674000003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000248168600007,
+Author = {Xue, Liang},
+Title = {{Damage accumulation and fracture initiation in uncracked ductile solids
+ subject to triaxial loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{16}},
+Pages = {{5163-5181}},
+Month = {{AUG 1}},
+Abstract = {{A damage plasticity model for ductile fracture is proposed. This model
+ is established on the cylindrical coordinate system of principal stress
+ space. Experimental results show that fracture initiation in uncracked
+ ductile solids is sensitive to the hydrostatic pressure and dependent on
+ the Lode angle. The joint effects of pressure and Lode angle define a
+ fracture envelope in principal stress space. Plastic deformation induced
+ damage is calculated by an integral of the damage rate measured at
+ current loading and deformation status with respect to the fracture
+ envelope. A power law damage rule is proposed to characterize the
+ nonlinearity in damage accumulation. A damage-related weakening factor
+ is adopted to describe the material deterioration. The material
+ parameters are calibrated from standard laboratory tests. The proposed
+ model is numerically implemented. Four simulations with emphasis on
+ crack path prediction are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xue, L (Reprint Author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,5-011, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
+ MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.12.026}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{ductile fracture; hydrostatic pressure; lode dependence; damage
+ plasticity model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{2024-T351 ALUMINUM-ALLOY; CUP-CONE FRACTURE; TIP-OPENING ANGLE; STRESS
+ TRIAXIALITY; CRACK-GROWTH; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; MECHANICS MODEL;
+ PLASTIC-STRAIN; VOID GROWTH; METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{xue@alum.mit.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xue, Liang/A-1266-2007}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Xue, Liang/0000-0003-0468-0624}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{58}},
+Times-Cited = {{151}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{191YT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000248168600007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000250164400008,
+Author = {Camanho, P. P. and Maimi, P. and Davila, C. G.},
+Title = {{Prediction of size effects in notched laminates using continuum damage
+ mechanics}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{67}},
+Number = {{13}},
+Pages = {{2715-2727}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper examines the use of a continuum damage model to predict
+ strength and size effects in notched carbon-epoxy laminates. The effects
+ of size and the development of a fracture process zone before final
+ failure are identified in an experimental program. The continuum damage
+ model is described and the resulting predictions of size effects are
+ compared with alternative approaches: the point stress and the inherent
+ flaw models, the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics approach, and the
+ strength of materials approach. The results indicate that the continuum
+ damage model is the most accurate technique to predict size effects in
+ composites. Furthermore, the continuum damage model does not require any
+ calibration and it is applicable to general geometries and boundary
+ conditions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Univ Girona, AMADE, Girona, Spain.
+ NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.02.005}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{size effect; continuum damage mechanics; fracture mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; FRACTURE; FAILURE; CRACKING; STRENGTH; SIMULATION;
+ CRITERIA; TENSILE; JOINTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011
+ Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014
+ Balanzat, Josep Costa/C-1017-2014
+ Maimi, Pere/C-3581-2009
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291
+ Maimi, Pere/0000-0002-7350-1506
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{150}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{220NW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250164400008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000252532700015,
+Author = {Ruzzene, M.},
+Title = {{Frequency-wavenumber domain filtering for improved damage visualization}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{16}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{2116-2129}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a technique for the analysis of full wavefield data
+ in the wavenumber/frequency domain as an effective tool for damage
+ detection, visualization and characterization. Full wavefield data
+ contain a wealth of information regarding the space and time variation
+ of propagating waves in damaged structural components. Such information
+ can be used to evaluate the response spectrum in the
+ frequency/wavenumber domain, which effectively separates incident waves
+ from reflections caused by discontinuities encountered along the wave
+ paths. This allows removing the injected wave from the overall response
+ through simple filtering strategies, thus highlighting the presence of
+ reflections associated with damage. The concept is first illustrated on
+ analytical and numerically simulated data, and then tested on
+ experimental results. In the experiments, full wavefield measurements
+ are conveniently obtained using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer,
+ which allows the detection of displacements and/or velocities over a
+ user-defined grid, and it is able to provide the required spatial and
+ time information in a timely manner. Tests performed on a simple
+ aluminum plate with artificially seeded slits simulating longitudinal
+ cracks, and on a disbonded tongue and groove joint, show the
+ effectiveness of the technique and its potentials for the inspection of
+ a variety of structural components.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ruzzene, M (Reprint Author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, 270 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/16/6/014}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TRANSFORM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{massimo.ruzzene@ae.gatech.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{147}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{253QM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000252532700015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000246352900003,
+Author = {Barthelat, F. and Espinosa, H. D.},
+Title = {{An experimental investigation of deformation and fracture of
+ nacre-mother of pearl}},
+Journal = {{EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{311-324}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Nacre, also known as mother-of-pearl, is a hard biological composite
+ found in the inside layer of many shells such as oyster or abalone. It
+ is composed of microscopic ceramic tablets arranged in layers and
+ tightly stacked to form a three-dimensional brick wall structure, where
+ the mortar is a thin layer of biopolymers (20-30 nm). Although mostly
+ made of a brittle ceramic, the structure of nacre is so well designed
+ that its toughness is several order of magnitudes larger that the
+ ceramic it is made of. How the microstructure of nacre controls its
+ mechanical performance has been the focus of numerous studies over the
+ past two decades, because such understanding may inspire novel composite
+ designs though biomimetics. This paper presents in detail uniaxial
+ tension experiment performed on miniature nacre specimens. Large
+ inelastic deformations were observed in hydrated condition, which were
+ explained by sliding of the tablets on one another and progressive
+ locking generated by their microscopic waviness. Fracture experiments
+ were also performed, and for the first time the full crack resistance
+ curve was established for nacre. A rising resistance curve is an
+ indication of the robustness and damage tolerance of that material.
+ These measurements are then discussed and correlated with toughening
+ extrinsic mechanisms operating at the microscale. Moreover, specific
+ features of the microstructure and their relevance to associated
+ toughening mechanisms were identified. These features and mechanisms,
+ critical to the robustness of the shell, were finely tuned over millions
+ of years of evolution. Hence, they are expected to serve as a basis to
+ establish guidelines for the design of novel man-made composites.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Espinosa, HD (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ McGill Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11340-007-9040-1}},
+ISSN = {{0014-4851}},
+Keywords = {{biological material; biocomposite; tensile strength; fracture;
+ toughening mechanisms}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DIGITAL-IMAGE-CORRELATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; HARD TISSUES; TOUGHNESS;
+ ABALONE; NANOSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; STRENGTH; TENSION; DESIGN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science,
+ Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{espinosa@northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{144}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{103}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Exp. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{166BU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246352900003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000245498000022,
+Author = {Gentile, C. and Saisi, A.},
+Title = {{Ambient vibration testing of historic masonry towers for structural
+ identification and damage assessment}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{21}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1311-1321}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The results of the ambient-vibration based investigations carried out to
+ assess the structural conditions of a masonry bell-tower are presented.
+ The tower, dating back to the XVII century and about 74 in high, is
+ characterised by the presence of major cracks on the western and eastern
+ load-bearing walls.
+ The assessment procedure includes full-scale ambient vibration testing,
+ modal identification from ambient vibration responses, finite element
+ modelling and dynamic-based identification of the uncertain structural
+ parameters of the model. A good match between theoretical and
+ experimental modal parameters was reached for relatively low stiffness
+ ratios in the most damaged regions of the tower. Furthermore, the model
+ identification, carried out by using two different methods, provided
+ consistent structural parameters which are also in close agreement with
+ the available characterization of the materials. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gentile, C (Reprint Author), Politecn Milan, Dept Struct Engn, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Politecn Milan, Dept Struct Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.com}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{ambient vibration test; damage; operational modal analysis; F.e. model
+ identification; masonry towers}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE; SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; SUSPENSION BRIDGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{GENTILE, CARMELO/0000-0002-3260-8243
+ saisi, antonella/0000-0002-1560-2720}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{141}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{154HQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000245498000022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000247835100006,
+Author = {Michaels, Jennifer E. and Michaels, Thomas E.},
+Title = {{Guided wave signal processing and image fusion for in situ damage
+ localization in plates}},
+Journal = {{WAVE MOTION}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{482-492}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Note = {{International Symposium on Mechanical Waves in Solids, Zhejiang Univ,
+ Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, MAY 15-18, 2006}},
+Organization = {{NW Univ; Peking Univ; US Natl Sci Fdn; Natl Nat Sci Fdn China}},
+Abstract = {{A spatially distributed array of single element piezoelectric
+ transducers is considered for monitoring the integrity of plate-like
+ structures over large areas. When these permanently attached transducers
+ are driven with an impulsive excitation, broadband Lamb waves are
+ generated and received signals are complex, typically containing
+ multiple modes as well as many boundary reflections. The complexity of
+ the signals, including dispersive effects, can be reduced by digital
+ bandpass filtering, and changes in these filtered signals over time can
+ be monitored to detect and localize damage. Results are reported here
+ from an experimental study whereby artificial damage was introduced in
+ an aluminum plate in the form of through holes drilled at various
+ locations. Time shift averaging algorithms were applied to differential
+ signals filtered at multiple frequencies, resulting in many images for
+ the same structural state, and these images were fused to improve damage
+ localization and background noise. Individual and fused images were
+ analyzed to quantify their ability to localize damage. The results show
+ the efficacy of tile imaging method as well as the significant
+ improvement resulting from image fusion. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Michaels, JE (Reprint Author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, 777 Altantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.wavemoti.2007.02.008}},
+ISSN = {{0165-2125}},
+Keywords = {{ultrasonics; structural health monitoring; damage localization; imaging}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS; LAMB WAVES; TOMOGRAPHY; DEFECTS; CRACKS; PIPES;
+ MODES; BEAM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{jennifer.michaels@ece.gatech.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{137}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{53}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Wave Motion}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{187GH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247835100006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000248823200019,
+Author = {Figueiredo, Roberto B. and Cetlin, Paulo R. and Langdon, Terence G.},
+Title = {{The processing of difficult-to-work alloys by ECAP with an emphasis on
+ magnesium alloys}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{55}},
+Number = {{14}},
+Pages = {{4769-4779}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The equal-channel angular pressing of pure metals is conducted most
+ expeditiously by pressing at room temperature using a die with a channel
+ angle of 90 degrees. However, these conditions may lead to cracking of
+ the billets or massive segmentation when applied to hard and
+ difficult-to-work alloys. This paper uses finite element modeling to
+ explore the procedures for successfully pressing these more complex
+ materials. Separate models are developed using channel angles of 90
+ degrees, 110 degrees and 135 degrees for materials having strain rate
+ sensitivities of 0, 0.2 and 0.4. The calculations show that cracking and
+ segmentation may be reduced or eliminated by increasing the strain rate
+ sensitivity and/ or increasing the channel angle within the die. The
+ magnitude of the imposed damage is evaluated for each condition using a
+ macroscopic damage criterion. It is demonstrated that the predicted
+ results are in good agreement with experimental data obtained using a
+ ZK60 magnesium alloy. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Langdon, TG (Reprint Author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp \& Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
+ Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp \& Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
+ Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
+ Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, BR-30160030 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
+ Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Mat Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2007.04.043}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{damage; equal-channel angular pressing; magnesium alloys; strain rate
+ sensitivity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CHANNEL-ANGULAR EXTRUSION; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; SEVERE
+ PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; SUPERPLASTIC PROPERTIES;
+ GRAIN-REFINEMENT; BEHAVIOR; ZK60; SIMULATION; DUCTILITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{langdon@usc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008
+ Figueiredo, Roberto/F-3451-2012
+ Cetlin, Paulo/D-8807-2013}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{106}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{201HX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000248823200019}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000250015200010,
+Author = {Cicekli, Umit and Voyiadjis, George Z. and Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K.},
+Title = {{A plasticity and anisotropic damage model for plain concrete}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{10-11}},
+Pages = {{1874-1900}},
+Abstract = {{A plastic-damage constitutive model for plain concrete is developed in
+ this work. Anisotropic damage with a plasticity yield criterion and a
+ damage criterion are introduced to be able to adequately describe the
+ plastic and damage behavior of concrete. Moreover, in order to account
+ for different effects under tensile and compressive loadings, two damage
+ criteria are used: one for compression and a second for tension such
+ that the total stress is decomposed into tensile and compressive
+ components. Stiffness recovery caused by crack opening/closing is also
+ incorporated. The strain equivalence hypothesis is used in deriving the
+ constitutive equations such that the strains in the effective
+ (undamaged) and damaged configurations are set equal. This leads to a
+ decoupled algorithm for the effective stress computation and the damage
+ evolution. It is also shown that the proposed constitutive relations
+ comply with the laws of thermodynamics. A detailed numerical algorithm
+ is coded using the user subroutine UMAT and then implemented in the
+ advanced finite element program ABAQUS. The numerical simulations are
+ shown for uniaxial and biaxial tension and compression. The results show
+ very good correlation with the experimental data. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Voyiadjis, GZ (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, CEBA 3508-B, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.03.006}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+Keywords = {{damage mechanics; isotropic hardening; anisotropic damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM MODEL; GRADIENT THEORY; FORMULATION; COMPRESSION;
+ VISCOPLASTICITY; DEGRADATION; VISCODAMAGE; FRAMEWORK; BEHAVIOR; TENSILE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{voyiadjis@eng.lsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Abu Al-Rub, Rashid/B-3360-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{106}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{46}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{218KU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250015200010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251657400004,
+Author = {Turon, A. and Costa, J. and Camanho, P. P. and Davila, C. G.},
+Title = {{Simulation of delamination in composites under high-cycle fatigue}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{11, SI}},
+Pages = {{2270-2282}},
+Note = {{3rd International Conference on Composites Testing and Model
+ Identification, Univ Porto, Oporto, PORTUGAL, APR 10-12, 2006}},
+Abstract = {{A damage model for the simulation of delamination propagation under
+ high-cycle fatigue loading is proposed. The basis for the formulation is
+ a cohesive law that links fracture and damage mechanics to establish the
+ evolution of the damage variable in terms of the crack growth rate
+ dA/dN. The damage state is obtained as a function of the loading
+ conditions as well as the experimentally-determined coefficients of the
+ Paris law crack propagation rates for the material. It is shown that by
+ using the constitutive fatigue damage model in a structural analysis,
+ experimental results can be reproduced without the need of additional
+ model-specific curve-fitting parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Campus Montilivi S-N, Girona, Spain.
+ Turon, A.; Costa, J., Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Girona, Spain.
+ Camanho, P. P., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Davila, C. G., NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.11.009}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{delamination; fatigue; cohesive elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COHESIVE ZONE MODEL; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; INTERFACE ELEMENTS;
+ CRACK-GROWTH; PROGRESSIVE DELAMINATION; GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITES; DRIVEN
+ DELAMINATION; PROPAGATION; SPECIMENS; SOLIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011
+ Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ Costa, Josep/C-4941-2008
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014
+ Balanzat, Josep Costa/C-1017-2014
+ Turon, Albert/C-6875-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Costa, Josep/0000-0002-7134-7146
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291
+ Turon, Albert/0000-0002-2554-2653
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{105}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{49}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{241LH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251657400004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000243653300004,
+Author = {Bazant, Zdenek P. and Pang, Sze-Dai},
+Title = {{Activation energy based extreme value statistics and size effect in
+ brittle and quasibrittle fracture}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{55}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{91-131}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Because the uncertainty in current empirical safety factors for
+ structural strength is far larger than the relative errors of structural
+ analysis, improvements in statistics offer great promise. One
+ improvement, proposed here, is that, for quasibrittle structures of
+ positive geometry, the understrength factors for structural safety
+ cannot be constant but must be increased with structures size. The
+ statistics of safety factors has so far been generally regarded as
+ independent of mechanics, but further progress requires the cumulative
+ distribution function (cdf) to be derived from the mechanics and physics
+ of failure. To predict failure loads of extremely low probability (such
+ as 10(-6) to 10(-7)) on which structural design must be based, the cdf
+ of strength of quasibrittle structures of positive geometry is modelled
+ as a chain (or series coupling) of representative volume elements (RVE),
+ each of which is statistically represented by a hierarchical model
+ consisting of bundles (or parallel couplings) of only two long
+ sub-chains, each of them consisting of sub-bundles of two or three long
+ sub-sub-chains of sub-sub-bundles, etc., until the nano-scale of atomic
+ lattice is reached. Based on Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of thermal
+ energies of atoms, the cdf of strength of a nano-scale connection is
+ deduced from the stress dependence of the interatomic activation energy
+ barriers, and is expressed as a function of absolute temperature T and
+ stress-duration c (or loading rate 1/tau). A salient property of this
+ cdf is a power-law tail of exponent 1. It is shown how the exponent and
+ the length of the power-law tail of cdf of strength is changed by series
+ couplings in chains and by parallel couplings in bundles consisting of
+ elements with either elastic-brittle or elastic-plastic behaviors,
+ bracketing the softening behavior which is more realistic, albeit more
+ difficult to analyze. The power-law tail exponent, which is 1 on the
+ atomistic scale, is raised by the hierarchical statistical model to an
+ exponent of m = 10 to 50, representing the Weibull modulus on the
+ structural scale. Its physical meaning is the minimum number of cuts
+ needed to separate the hierarchical model into two separate parts, which
+ should be equal to the number of dominant cracks needed to break the
+ RVE. Thus, the model indicates the Weibull modulus to be governed by the
+ packing of inhomogeneities within an RVE. On the RVE scale, the model
+ yields a broad core of Gaussian cdf (i.e., error function), onto which a
+ short power-law tail of exponent m is grafted at the failure probability
+ of about 0.0001-0.01. The model predicts how the grafting point moves to
+ higher failure probabilities as structure size increases, and also how
+ the grafted cdf depends on T and tau. The model provides a physical
+ proof that, on a large enough scale (equivalent to at least 500 RVEs),
+ quasibrittle structures must follow Weibull distribution with a zero
+ threshold. The experimental histograms with kinks, which have so far
+ been believed to require the use of a finite threshold, are shown to be
+ fitted much better by the present chain-of-RVEs model. For not too small
+ structures, the model is shown to be essentially a discrete equivalent
+ of the previously developed nonlocal Weibull theory, and to match the
+ Type I size effect law previously obtained from this theory by
+ asymptotic matching. The mean stochastic response must agree with the
+ cohesive crack model, crack band model and nonlocal damage models.
+ The chain-of-RVEs model can be verified and calibrated from the mean
+ size effect cure, as well as from the kink locations on experimental
+ strength histograms for sufficiently different specimen sizes. (c) 2006
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bazant, ZP (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, 2145 Sheridan Rd,CEE, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2006.05.007}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4782}},
+Keywords = {{random strength; failure probability; Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics;
+ safety factors; nonlocal damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BUNDLES PROBABILITY MODEL; FIBROUS MATERIALS; THRESHOLD STRENGTH;
+ LAMINAR CERAMICS; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; NONLOCAL THEORY; FIBER-BUNDLES;
+ FAILURE; CONCRETE; DISTRIBUTIONS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{z-bazant@northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{pang, sze dai/0000-0002-3767-2295}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{109}},
+Times-Cited = {{94}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{70}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{128JF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243653300004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000243145300010,
+Author = {Leffler, K. and Alfredsson, K. S. and Stigh, U.},
+Title = {{Shear behaviour of adhesive layers}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{530-545}},
+Month = {{JAN 15}},
+Abstract = {{An experimental method to determine the complete stress versus
+ deformation relation for a thin adhesive layer loaded in shear is
+ presented. The method is based on a classic specimen geometry; the
+ end-notch flexure specimen. The experiments are evaluated using an
+ inverse method. First, the variation of the energy release rate with
+ respect to the shear deformation at the crack tip is measured during an
+ experiment. Then the traction-deformation relation is derived using an
+ inverse method. The theory is based on the path-independence of the
+ J-integral and considers the effects of a flexible adhesive layer.
+ Quasi-static experiments on three different specimen geometries are
+ performed using a servo-hydraulic testing machine. The experiments give
+ consistent results. This shows that the traction-deformation relation
+ can be taken as independent of the dimensions of the adherends. Thus,
+ the constitutive relation can be considered as a property of the
+ adhesive layer. The deformation process at the crack tip is also
+ monitored during the experiments by the use of a digital camera attached
+ to a microscope. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Stigh, U (Reprint Author), Univ Skovde, Div Mech Engn, POB 408, SE-54128 Skovde, Sweden.
+ Univ Skovde, Div Mech Engn, SE-54128 Skovde, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.04.036}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{inverse method; adhesive layer; cohesive law; J-integral; experimental
+ method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SPECIMEN; JOINTS; DAMAGE; FRACTURE; CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{ulf.stigh@ite.his.se}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Stigh, Ulf/0000-0003-0787-4942}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{93}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{121GE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243145300010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000244340300027,
+Author = {Yokozeki, Tomohiro and Iwahori, Yutaka and Ishiwata, Shin},
+Title = {{Matrix cracking behaviors in carbon fiber/epoxy laminates filled with
+ cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs)}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{917-924}},
+Abstract = {{This study investigated the damage accumulation behaviors in carbon
+ fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminates under tensile loading. The
+ nanocomposite laminates used in this study were manufactured from
+ prepregs consisting of traditional carbon fibers and epoxy resin filled
+ with cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs). Thermo-mechanical properties
+ of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminates were
+ evaluated, and cross-ply laminates were subjected to tension tests in
+ order to observe the damage accumulation behaviors of matrix cracks. A
+ clear retardation of matrix crack onset and accumulation was found in
+ composite laminates with CSCNT compared to those without CSCNT. Fracture
+ toughness associated with matrix cracking was evaluated based on the
+ analytical model using the experimental results. It was suggested that
+ the dispersion of CSCNT resulted in fracture toughness improvement and
+ residual thermal strain decrease, which is considered to cause the
+ retardation of matrix crack formation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yokozeki, T (Reprint Author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Aerosp Technol, Adv Composite Technol Ctr, 6-13-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
+ Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Aerosp Technol, Adv Composite Technol Ctr, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
+ GSI Creos Corp, Tokyo, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.07.005}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{polymer matrix composites (PMCs); transverse cracking; nanocomposites;
+ laminates; cup-stacked carbon nanotube (CSCNT)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS;
+ COMPOSITES; REINFORCEMENT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{yokozeki@chofu.jaxa.jp}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{92}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{138CJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244340300027}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000252532700042,
+Author = {Kim, Seung Bum and Sohn, Hoon},
+Title = {{Instantaneous reference-free crack detection based on polarization
+ characteristics of piezoelectric materials}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{16}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{2375-2387}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{A new methodology of guided-wave-based nondestructive testing (NDT) is
+ developed to detect crack damage in a thin metal structure without using
+ prior baseline data or a predetermined decision boundary. In
+ conventional guided-wave-based techniques, damage is often identified by
+ comparing the `current' data obtained from a potentially damaged
+ condition of a structure with the `past' baseline data collected at the
+ pristine condition of the structure. However, it has been reported that
+ this type of pattern comparison with the baseline data can lead to
+ increased false alarms due to its susceptibility to varying operational
+ and environmental conditions of the structure. To develop a more robust
+ damage diagnosis technique, a new concept of NDT is conceived so that
+ cracks can be detected even when the system being monitored is subjected
+ to changing operational and environmental conditions. The proposed NDT
+ technique utilizes the polarization characteristics of the piezoelectric
+ wafers attached on both sides of the thin metal structure. Crack
+ formation creates Lamb wave mode conversion due to a sudden change in
+ the thickness of the structure. Then, the proposed technique instantly
+ detects the appearance of the crack by extracting this mode conversion
+ from the measured Lamb waves, and the threshold value from damage
+ classification is also obtained only from the current dataset. Numerical
+ and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the applicability
+ of the proposed technique to instantaneous crack detection.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sohn, H (Reprint Author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
+ Kim, Seung Bum, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
+ Sohn, Hoon, Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/16/6/042}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS; MODE CONVERSION; LAMB WAVES; EXCITATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{hoonsohn@kaist.ac.kr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{91}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{253QM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000252532700042}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000246060800005,
+Author = {Granger, S. and Loukili, A. and Pijaudier-Cabot, G. and Chanvillard, G.},
+Title = {{Experimental characterization of the self-healing of cracks in an ultra
+ high performance cementitious material: Mechanical tests and acoustic
+ emission analysis}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{519-527}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Self-healing of cracks in an ultra high performance concrete, considered
+ as a model material, is investigated in this paper. An experimental
+ program is carried out in order to quantify the phenomenon, which has
+ been mainly highlighted by means of water permeability tests until now.
+ Mechanical behaviour of self-healed concrete under three points bending,
+ and acoustic emission analysis of the cracking mechanisms are reported.
+ The mechanical tests demonstrate a recovery of the global stiffness,
+ depending on the time of healing, for specimens initially cracked and
+ then self-healed, and a slow improvement of structural strength. The
+ acoustic emission (AE) analysis is performed in order to show that the
+ mechanical response is due to new crystals precipitating in the crack.
+ The microcracking of these products during three points bending tests is
+ highlighted and an energy analysis provides insights about the cracking
+ process of healed concrete, including damage of the newly formed
+ crystals and continuation of the crack propagation. (c) 2006 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pijaudier-Cabot, G (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Nantes w, UMR 6183, CNRS, R\&DO Inst Rech Genie Civil \& Mecan, 1 Rue Noe,BP 92101, F-44321 Nantes 3, France.
+ Ecole Cent Nantes w, UMR 6183, CNRS, R\&DO Inst Rech Genie Civil \& Mecan, F-44321 Nantes 3, France.
+ Lafarge Res Ctr, F-38290 St Quentin Fallavier, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.12.005}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{self-healing; microcracking; high performance concrete; mechanical
+ properties; acoustic emission}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FRACTURE PROCESS ZONE; CONCRETE; PERMEABILITY; HYDRATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{Gilles.Pijaudier-Cabot@ec-nantes.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{89}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{162BH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246060800005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000242680500002,
+Author = {Lassance, D. and Fabregue, D. and Delannay, F. and Pardoen, T.},
+Title = {{Micromechanics of room and high temperature fracture in 6xxx Al alloys}},
+Journal = {{PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{52}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{62-129}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{The micromechanics of ductile fracture has made enormous progress in
+ recent years. This approach, which was mostly developed in the context
+ of structural integrity analysis, is becoming a key tool for materials
+ scientists to optimize materials fracture properties and forming
+ operations. Micromechanical models allow quantitatively linking fracture
+ properties, microstructure features at multiple lengths scales, and
+ manufacturing conditions. After briefly reviewing the state of the art,
+ this paper illustrates the application of the micromechanics-based
+ methodology by presenting the results of an investigation on the damage
+ resistance of 6xxx Al produced by extrusion.
+ The presence of coarse, elongated, particles is the key microstructural
+ feature affecting the fracture behaviour of 6xxx Al. The detrimental
+ elongated beta-type particles are transformed into rounded alpha-type
+ particles by heat treatment. In situ tensile tests revealed that, at
+ ambient temperature, the alpha particles and the beta particles oriented
+ with the long axis perpendicular to the main loading direction undergo
+ interface decohesion, while the beta particles oriented perpendicular to
+ the loading direction break into several fragments. At high
+ temperatures, only interface decohesion is observed. Uniaxial tensile
+ tests on notched and smooth round bars were performed on two different
+ alloys, at different temperatures ranging between 20 degrees C and 600
+ degrees C, under different loading rates, while systematically varying
+ the content in beta versus alpha particles. The ductility increases with
+ decreasing amount of P beta particles, increasing temperature and strain
+ rates, and decreasing stress triaxiality.
+ A viscoplastic extension of the Gurson model has been developed for
+ capturing the complex hierarchy of damage mechanisms, coupled with
+ viscoplastic and stress state effects. Three populations of voids are
+ modelled while accounting for the different void nucleation mechanisms
+ leading to different initial void aspect ratio. Proper modelling of the
+ initial void aspect ratio and of its evolution with void growth was the
+ key to predict the effect of the beta -> alpha conversion on ductility.
+ The void coalescence criterion takes into account the presence of
+ secondary voids resulting from particle fragmentation. The
+ characteristics of particles entering the model were all measured
+ experimentally. The temperature and rate dependent flow properties of
+ the matrix material have been obtained by inverse modelling. The only
+ fitting parameters are the critical stresses for void nucleation. The
+ model is validated by comparing the predictions to the experimental data
+ involving different relative proportion of alpha and beta particles,
+ temperature, loading rate and stress triaxiality. This type of model
+ opens the path for an ``alloy by design{''} strategy which relates
+ end-use properties to upstream manufacturing operations. (C) 2006
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pardoen, T (Reprint Author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Sci Mat \& Procedes, IMAP, Pl St Barbe 2, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Sci Mat \& Procedes, IMAP, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.06.001}},
+ISSN = {{0079-6425}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DUCTILE CRACK-GROWTH; MG-SI ALLOYS; LAGRANGIAN-EULERIAN FORMULATION;
+ 6082-T6 ALUMINUM WELDMENTS; FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; METAL-MATRIX
+ COMPOSITES; STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; POROUS PLASTIC SOLIDS; GURSON-TYPE
+ MODEL; VOID GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{thomas.pardoen@uclouvain.be}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{168}},
+Times-Cited = {{84}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{81}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Prog. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{114QK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000242680500002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000245163200008,
+Author = {Sihn, Sangwook and Kim, Ran Y. and Kawabe, Kazumasa and Tsai, Stephen W.},
+Title = {{Experimental studies of thin-ply laminated composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{67}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{996-1008}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A new processing method was developed for spreading fiber tows to make
+ thin-ply laminated composites. The present method with a constant
+ airflow through sagged fiber filaments can efficiently spread the thick
+ tows without damaging any fibers. This method is robust and easy
+ compared with other available thin-ply methods. The thin plies of
+ thickness less than one-third of the conventional plies can easily be
+ made with the tow-spreading technology.
+ Experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of tow-spread,
+ thin-ply laminated composites. To study the thickness effect of the
+ laminated composites, the test specimens were made with the same
+ material and the same spread tows, but with dispersed and, grouped
+ laminations of the plies. Uniaxial tension static and fatigue loadings
+ were applied on both unnotched and open-hole specimens. Impact and
+ compression-after-impact tests were also conducted. From stress-strain
+ curves, acoustic emission counts, X-ray photos, c-scan images and
+ observation of damage modes of failed specimens, it was observed that
+ the thin-ply laminated composites can suppress the microcracking,
+ delamination and splitting damage for static, fatigue and impact
+ loadings without special resin and/or 3-D reinforcements. Therefore, the
+ laminate design can be simplified by using higher strain allowable
+ without a progressive failure analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sihn, S (Reprint Author), Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Nonmet Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
+ Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Nonmet Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
+ Ind Technol Ctr Fukui Prefecture, Fukui, Japan.
+ Think Composites, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.06.008}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{tow-spreading technology; transverse cracking and delamination; static
+ and fatigue; notch; impact behavior}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{sangwook@stanfordalumni.org}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{77}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{58}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{149RB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000245163200008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000243270700010,
+Author = {Choinska, Marta and Khelidj, Abdelhafid and Chatzigeorgiou, George and
+ Pijaudier-Cabot, Gilles},
+Title = {{Effects and interactions of temperature and stress-level related damage
+ on permeability of concrete}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{79-88}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{The objective of this study is to investigate damage-temperature-stress
+ level-permeability interactions in structural concrete. The tests are
+ performed on hollow cylindrical concrete specimens, subjected to
+ compressive loading and temperature up to 150 degrees C. The results
+ emphasize that at stress levels lower than 80\% of the peak stress, the
+ variation of permeability is small and it is slightly influenced by the
+ stress. As a matter of fact, the permeability under load is smaller than
+ the permeability measured after unloading. As the load exceeds 80\% of
+ the peak stress, micro-cracking increases rapidly, causing an increase
+ of the permeability and a greater sensitivity to the applied load, i.e.
+ a noticeable difference between the permeability measured under load and
+ after unloading, the first becoming greater than the latter. In the
+ post-peak phase the increase of permeability is much larger due to
+ significant crack width growth. The increase of permeability with the
+ applied load seems to be greater with temperature, inducing further
+ alterations of concrete and dilation of the porous structure of the
+ material. Finally, the experimental results seem to agree with the
+ formal of coupled evolution of the permeability due to damage and
+ temperature assumed by Gawin et al. {[}D. Gawin, C.E. Majorana, B.A.
+ Schrefler, Numerical analysis of hygro-thermal behaviour and damage of
+ concrete at high temperature, Mechanics of Cohesive-Frictional Materials
+ 4 (1999) 37-74.]. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pijaudier-Cabot, G (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Nantes, Inst GeM, CNRS, UMR 6183,R\&DO, 1 Rue Noe,BP 92101, F-44321 Nantes 3, France.
+ Ecole Cent Nantes, Inst GeM, CNRS, UMR 6183,R\&DO, F-44321 Nantes 3, France.
+ IUT St Nazaire, CNRS, UMR 6183, Inst GeM,R\&DO,Dept Genie Civil, F-44600 St Nazaire, France.
+ Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Div Struct, Dept Civil Engn, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.09.015}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{concrete; permeability; cracking; damage; temperature}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WATER PERMEABILITY; CRACKED CONCRETE; GAS-PERMEABILITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{Gilles.Pijaudier-Cabot@ec-nantes.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chatzigeorgiou, George/0000-0002-7213-2980}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{70}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{123BG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243270700010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ ISI:000247705500175,
+Author = {Lall, Pradeep and Choudhary, Prakriti and Gupte, Sameep and Suhling,
+ Jeff and Hofmeister, James},
+Book-Group-Author = {{IEEE}},
+Title = {{Statistical pattern recognition and built-in reliability test for
+ feature extraction and health monitoring of electronics under shock
+ loads}},
+Booktitle = {{57TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS \& TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2007 PROCEEDINGS}},
+Series = {{Electronic Components and Technology Conference}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Pages = {{1161+}},
+Note = {{57th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, Reno, NV, 2007}},
+Organization = {{Elect Components Assemblies \& Mat Assoc; Elect Ind Alliance; IEEE; CPMT}},
+Abstract = {{The built-in stress test (BIST) is extensively used for diagnostics or
+ identification of failure. The current version of BIST approach is
+ focused on reactive failure detection and provides limited insight into
+ reliability and residual life. A new approach has been developed to
+ monitor product-level damage during shock and vibration. The approach
+ focuses is on the pre-failure space and methodologies for quantification
+ of failure in electronic equipment subjected to shock and vibration
+ loads using the dynamic response of the electronic equipment. Presented
+ methodologies are applicable at the system-level for identification of
+ impending failures to trigger repair or replacement significantly prior
+ to failure. Leading indicators of shock-damage have been developed to
+ correlate With the damage initiation and progression in shock and drop
+ of electronic assemblies.
+ Three methodologies have been investigated for feature extraction and
+ health monitoring including development of a new solder-interconnect
+ built-in reliability test, FFT based statistical-pattern recognition,
+ and time-frequency moments based statistical pattern recognition. The
+ solder-joint built-in reliability-test has been developed for detecting
+ high-resistance and intermittent faults in operational, fully programmed
+ field programmable gate arrays. Frequency band energy is computed using
+ FFT and utilized as the classification feature to check for damage and
+ failure in the assembly. In addition, the Time Frequency Analysis has
+ been used to study of the energy densities of the signal in both time
+ and frequency domain, and provide information about the time-evolution
+ of frequency content of transient-strain signal. Closed-form models have
+ been developed for the eigen-frequencies and mode-shapes of electronic
+ assemblies with various boundary conditions and component placement
+ configurations. Model predictions have been validated with experimental
+ data from modal analysis. Pristine,configurations have been perturbed to
+ quantify the degradation in confidence values with progression of
+ damage. Sensitivity of leading indicators of shock-damage to subtle
+ :changes in boundary conditions, effective flexural rigidity, and
+ transient strain response have been quantified. Explicit Finite element
+ models have been developed and various kinds :)of failure modes have
+ been simulated such as solder ball cracking, package falloff and solder
+ ball failure. This allows he physical quantification of solder ball
+ crack damage in the form of confidence values and provides a damage
+ index that can be utilized for the health monitoring of solder
+ interconnects in an electronic assembly.}},
+Publisher = {{IEEE}},
+Address = {{345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA}},
+Type = {{Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lall, P (Reprint Author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
+ Lall, Pradeep; Choudhary, Prakriti; Gupte, Sameep; Suhling, Jeff, Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
+ Hofmeister, James, Ridgetop Inc, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1109/ECTC.2007.373942}},
+ISSN = {{0569-5503}},
+ISBN = {{978-1-4244-0984-6}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FAST FOURIER-TRANSFORM; TIME-FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SELF-TEST; FFT;
+ BIST; ALGORITHM; DIAGNOSIS; COMPUTER; SIGNALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Electrical \& Electronic; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{lall@eng.auburn.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}ECS-0400696]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Manuscript received December 31, 2007; revised October 1, 2008. Current
+ version published August 26, 2009. The research presented in this paper
+ has been supported by the National Science Foundation, under Grant No.
+ ECS-0400696. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor P.
+ McCluskey upon evaluation of the reviewers comments.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{91}},
+Times-Cited = {{68}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{BGJ78}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247705500175}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000247651300009,
+Author = {Jiang, Yanyao and Hertel, Olaf and Vormwald, Michael},
+Title = {{An experimental evaluation of three critical plane multiaxial fatigue
+ criteria}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{29}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1490-1502}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The Fatemi-Socie criterion, the Jiang criterion, and a short crack
+ growth based criterion were evaluated using the combined axial-torsion
+ fatigue testing results obtained from extensive experiments on
+ thin-walled tubular specimens made from S460N. The Fatemi-Socie
+ criterion combines the maximum shear strain amplitude with a
+ consideration of the normal stress on the critical plane. The Jiang
+ criterion makes use of the plastic strain energy on a material plane as
+ the major contributor to the fatigue damage. By assuming an initial
+ crack length, the short crack model attributes the fatigue life to the
+ action of a crack driving force, namely the effective cyclic J-integral.
+ The results show that all the three criteria correlated well with the
+ experimental observations in terms of fatigue life predictions. A great
+ discrepancy was found between the predicted cracking directions and the
+ observed cracking orientations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jiang, YY (Reprint Author), Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn 312, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
+ Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn 312, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
+ Tech Univ Darmstadt, Fachgebeit Werkstoffmech, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.10.028}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{cracking orientation; experimental evaluation; fatigue criterion;
+ multiaxial fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH; METALS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yjiang@unr.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Jiang, Yanyao/H-1816-2012
+ Vormwald, Michael/A-3679-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Jiang, Yanyao/0000-0002-1977-4669
+ Vormwald, Michael/0000-0002-4277-785X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{184OM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247651300009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000244683100040,
+Author = {Vinogradov, A.},
+Title = {{Fatigue limit and crack growth in ultra-fine grain metals produced by
+ severe plastic deformation}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{ 42}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{1797-1808}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Note = {{Nanomaterisls - Materials and Processing for Functional Applications
+ held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting, San Antonio, TX, MAR 13-16, 2006}},
+Organization = {{TMS}},
+Abstract = {{The experimental results on fatigue resistance of ultra-fine grain
+ metals produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD) are reviewed with
+ regard to two major characteristics of cyclic damage initiation and
+ failure-fatigue limit and fatigue crack growth rate. The fatigue limit
+ benefits considerably from grain refinement down to submicrocrystalline
+ scale. Factors affecting the fatigue limit are discussed in the light of
+ SPD-processing and resultant ultra-fine grain structure. Contrasting
+ with the fatigue limit, the fatigue crack growth threshold deteriorates
+ after SPD in comparison to that of ordinary polycrystals. Possible
+ mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and propagation are discussed and
+ the guidelines for manufacturing are provided towards enhancement and
+ optimization of fatigue performance.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vinogradov, A (Reprint Author), Osaka City Univ, Dept Intelligent Mat Engn, Osaka 5588585, Japan.
+ Osaka City Univ, Dept Intelligent Mat Engn, Osaka 5588585, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10853-006-0973-z}},
+ISSN = {{0022-2461}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER; STRAIN LOCALIZATION;
+ CYCLIC DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; PROPAGATION; SIZE; LIFE;
+ MICROSTRUCTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{alexei@imat.eng.osaka-cu.ac.jp}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{VINOGRADOV, ALEXEI/A-7175-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{VINOGRADOV, ALEXEI/0000-0001-9585-2801}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{69}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{142WZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244683100040}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000247234000012,
+Author = {Tanaka, Y.},
+Title = {{A local damage model for anomalous high toughness of double-network gels}},
+Journal = {{EPL}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{78}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Abstract = {{We present a phenomenological model for anomalously high fracture energy
+ of double-network ( DN) gels, which consist of a substantially
+ cross-linked polyelectrolyte gel (first network) and of a quite poorly
+ cross-linked neutral polymer ( second network) penetrating into the
+ first network ( Gong J. P., Katsuyama Y., Kurokawa T. and Osada Y., Adv.
+ Mater., 15 ( 2003) 1155). The model assumes that the material locally
+ softens around crack tip due to damage of the first network, and then
+ the crack extends within the softened zone. An order estimation
+ indicates that energy dissipation by the softening greatly exceeds the
+ ``bare fracture energy{''} of the softened material, and that the
+ effective fracture energy can reach the order of 100 J/m(2). This is
+ consistent with the experimental value similar to 400 J/m(2). Copyright
+ (C) EPLA, 2007.}},
+Publisher = {{EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY}},
+Address = {{6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tanaka, Y (Reprint Author), Hokkaido Univ, Creat Res Inst Sousei, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan.
+ Hokkaido Univ, Creat Res Inst Sousei, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1209/0295-5075/78/56005}},
+Article-Number = {{56005}},
+ISSN = {{0295-5075}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH; HYDROGELS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Multidisciplinary}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{EPL}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{178QA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247234000012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000246460900014,
+Author = {Davy, Catherine A. and Skoczylas, F. and Barnichon, J.-D. and Lebon, P.},
+Title = {{Permeability of macro-cracked argillite under confinement: Gas and water
+ testing}},
+Journal = {{PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{8-14}},
+Pages = {{667-680}},
+Abstract = {{Argillite is considered a privileged candidate for long term nuclear
+ waste storage. Yet argillite rock drilling often induces surface cracks
+ that locally modify its permeability. This phenomenon located in a
+ so-called Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) is of importance since
+ permeability increase means lesser confinement capacity of the argillite
+ rock. Potentially influencial phenomena occur when argillite is
+ subjected simultaneously to normal stress variations and fluid seepage.
+ Therefore, this extensive experimental study (6 month duration) on
+ macro-cracked Callovo-Oxfordian argillite is aimed at distinguishing the
+ contribution to rock permeability of mechanical loading (crack opening
+ and closing) on one part and of chemically active fluid seepage (water)
+ on the other. Steady state gas flow tests show the permeability K mainly
+ depends upon crack closure cc, with values on the order of 10(-14) m(2).
+ Permeability from transient water flow tests varies with test duration
+ from 10(-18) to 10(-21) m(2). In both test types, K also depends upon
+ confining pressure P-c, mainly during the first three loading-unloading
+ phases. A difference between water injection tests and gas injection
+ tests is that the water-saturated rock sample swells. Swelling does not
+ contribute to unload the crack zone but rather creates additional
+ closure and pressure in the crack area. Indeed, water permeability is
+ shown to depend upon cumulated crack closure a(c), which sums up
+ swelling and confinement-induced crack closure. Finally, this study
+ outlines the strong effect of water upon crack closure amplitude and
+ permeability. After a relatively short time (on the order of ten days),
+ water flow within the crack drives the permeability back to very low
+ values close to sound rock permeability (10(-21) m(2)). This reflects a
+ complete self-sealing of the macro-crack, which is an important factor
+ for nuclear waste repository safety. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Davy, CA (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Lille, Ind Engn Res Team, BP 48, F-59651 Villeneuve, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lille, Ind Engn Res Team, F-59651 Villeneuve, France.
+ Ecole Cent Lille, LML, F-59651 Villeneuve, France.
+ ANDRA, F-92298 Chatenay Malabry, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.055}},
+ISSN = {{1474-7065}},
+Keywords = {{nuclear waste storage; excavation damaged zone; argillite; gas
+ permeability; water permeability; permeability pulse test}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CALLOVO-OXFORDIAN ARGILLITE; TRANSIENT LABORATORY METHOD;
+ HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; TOURNEMIRE TUNNEL; TIGHT ROCKS; BEHAVIOR; FRANCE;
+ CLAYSTONE; GRANITE; MORTAR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geology; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences;
+ Water Resources}},
+Author-Email = {{Catherine.Davy@ec-lille.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Davy, Catherine/0000-0001-8813-8749}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{64}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Phys. Chem. Earth}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{167OL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246460900014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000244649000020,
+Author = {Zhong, Shuncong and Oyadiji, S. Olutunde},
+Title = {{Crack detection in simply supported beams without baseline modal
+ parameters by stationary wavelet transform}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{21}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{1853-1884}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{There are significant changes in the vibration responses of cracked
+ structures when the crack depth is significant in comparison to the
+ depth of the structure. This fact enables the identification of cracks
+ in structures from their vibration response data. However when the crack
+ is relatively small, it is difficult to identify the presence of the
+ crack by a mere observation of the vibration response data. A new
+ approach for crack detection in beam-like structures is presented and
+ applied to cracked simply supported beams in this paper. The approach is
+ based on finding the difference between two sets of detail coefficients
+ obtained by the use of the stationary wavelet transform (SWT) of two
+ sets of mode shape data of the beam-like structure. These two sets of
+ mode shape data, which constitute two new signal series, are obtained
+ and reconstructed from the modal displacement data of a cracked simply
+ supported beam. They represent the left half and the modified right half
+ of the modal data of the simply supported beam. SWT is a redundant
+ transform that doubles the number of input samples at each iteration. It
+ provides a more accurate estimate of the variances at each scale and
+ facilitates the identification of salient features in a signal,
+ especially for recognising noise or signal rupture. It is well known
+ that the mode shape of a beam containing a small crack is apparently a
+ single smooth curve like that of an uncracked beam. However, the mode
+ shape of the cracked beam actually exhibits a local peak or
+ discontinuity in the region of damage. Therefore, the mode shape
+ `signal' of a cracked beam can be approximately considered as that of
+ the uncracked beam contaminated by `noise', which consists of response
+ noise and the additional response due to the crack. Thus, the modal data
+ can be decomposed by SWT into a smooth curve, called the approximation
+ coefficient, and a detail coefficient. The difference of the detail
+ coefficients of the two new signal series includes crack information
+ that is useful for damage detection. The modal responses of the damaged
+ simply supported beams used are computed using the finite element
+ method. For real cases, mode shape data are affected by experimental
+ noise. Therefore, mode shape data with a normally distributed random
+ noise are also studied. The results show that the proposed method has
+ great potential in crack detection of beam-like structures as it does
+ not require the modal parameters of an uncracked beam as a baseline for
+ crack detection. The effects of crack size, depth and location, and the
+ effects of sampling interval are examined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Oyadiji, SO (Reprint Author), Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Dynam \& Aeroeleastic Res Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
+ Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Dynam \& Aeroeleastic Res Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2006.07.007}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{cracks; cracked beams; crack detection; damage detection; stationary
+ wavelet transform}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION; CURVATURE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION;
+ SENSITIVITY; FREQUENCY; LOCATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{s.o.oyadiji@manchester.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhong, Shuncong/B-3082-2015
+ Oyadiji, S. Olutunde/A-9130-2016
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Oyadiji, S. Olutunde/0000-0002-5814-8441
+ Zhong, Shuncong/0000-0001-8999-2701}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{142KS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244649000020}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000244113500047,
+Author = {Sapozhnikov, Oleg A. and Maxwell, Adam D. and MacConaghy, Brian and
+ Bailey, Michael R.},
+Title = {{A mechanistic analysis of stone fracture in lithotripsy}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{121}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{1190-1202}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{In vitro experiments and an elastic wave model were used to analyze how
+ stress is induced in kidney stones by lithotripsy and to test the roles
+ of individual mechanisms-spallation, squeezing, and cavitation.
+ Cylindrical U30 cement stones were treated in an HM-3-style
+ lithotripter. Baffles were used to block specific waves responsible for
+ spallation or squeezing. Stones with and without surface cracks added to
+ simulate cavitation damage were tested in glycerol (a cavitation
+ suppressive medium). Each case was simulated using the elasticity
+ equations for an isotropic medium. The calculated location of maximum
+ stress compared well with the experimental observations of where stones
+ fractured in two pieces. Higher calculated maximum tensile stress
+ correlated with fewer shock waves required for fracture. The highest
+ calculated tensile stresses resulted from shear waves initiated at the
+ proximal corners and strengthened along the side surfaces of the stone
+ by the liquid-borne lithotripter shock wave. Peak tensile stress was in
+ the distal end of the stone where fracture occurred. Reflection of the
+ longitudinal wave from the distal face of the stone-spallation-produced
+ lower stresses. Surface cracks accelerated fragmentation when created
+ near the location where the maximum stress was predicted. (c) 2007
+ Acoustical Society of America.}},
+Publisher = {{ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS}},
+Address = {{STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sapozhnikov, OA (Reprint Author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Dept Acoust, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia.
+ Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Dept Acoust, Moscow 119992, Russia.
+ Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Ctr Ind \& Med Ultrasound, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1121/1.2404894}},
+ISSN = {{0001-4966}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPSY; FINITE-DIFFERENCE PREDICTIONS; SUBMERGED SOLIDS;
+ KIDNEY-STONES; CAVITATION; FRAGMENTATION; ESWL; PROPAGATION;
+ COMMINUTION; GALLSTONES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Audiology \& Speech-Language Pathology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Audiology \& Speech-Language Pathology}},
+Author-Email = {{bailey@apt.washington.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sapozhnikov, Oleg/H-1951-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Sapozhnikov, Oleg/0000-0002-4979-7706}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIDDK NIH HHS {[}DK43881, DK55674]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{61}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Acoust. Soc. Am.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{134VW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244113500047}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000249845100048,
+Author = {Korsunsky, Alexander M. and Dini, Daniele and Dunne, Fionn P. E. and
+ Walsh, Michael J.},
+Title = {{Comparative assessment of dissipated energy and other fatigue criteria}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{29}},
+Number = {{9-11}},
+Pages = {{1990-1995}},
+Month = {{SEP-NOV}},
+Note = {{6th International Conference on Fatique Damage of Structural Materials,
+ Hyannis, MA, SEP 17-22, 2006}},
+Organization = {{Off Naval Res Headquarters; USA Res Lab; Off Naval Res Global}},
+Abstract = {{Amongst a large number of fatigue criteria proposed for the prediction
+ of crack initiation in thermo-mechanical fatigue, various approaches
+ have been found to be particularly useful for certain categories of
+ material over specific domains of temperature and cyclic strain.
+ However, no particular approach appears to give invariably better
+ predictions than others, so that the choice of the lifing model must be
+ based on validation for the relevant circumstances.
+ In this paper, the focus is placed on the energy dissipation criterion
+ (EDC). We present physical arguments in favour of this approach's
+ versatility, and illustrate its performance by the application of this
+ approach both in the macroscopic and micromechanical context.
+ Firstly, by way of illustration we consider cyclic deformation of a
+ Ramberg-Osgood material, with a view to establish the equivalence
+ between the EDC and some selected classical criteria. For this simple
+ but analytically tractable case several interesting results can be
+ established, including the equivalence between EDC and both stress range
+ and strain range lifing criteria.
+ Secondly, we consider fatigue loading of polycrystalline FCC material
+ deforming by the combination of anisotropic linear elasticity and
+ crystal slip. Energy dissipation density in this case is
+ location-dependent even for a polycrystal subjected to macroscopically
+ uniform stress and strain. Crack initiation then is predicted to occur
+ at the `weakest link' location corresponding to the most intense
+ dissipation.
+ The above two versions of energy dissipation criteria are each compared
+ against experimental data. The comparative performance of Walker strain,
+ Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) and EDC lifing methods is assessed. It is
+ concluded that EDC provides improved reliability, particularly for cases
+ of complex loading paths and mechanisms interactions. (C) 2007 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Korsunsky, AM (Reprint Author), Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
+ Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
+ Univ Oxford, Rolls Royce UTC, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
+ Rolls Royce PLC, Derby DE24 8BJ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.01.007}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{fatigue; energy dissipation; crack initiation; structural integrity;
+ non-linear deformation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE; CRACK INITIATION;
+ TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; DAMAGE; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{alexander.korsunsky@eng.ox.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dini, Daniele/H-8335-2013
+ Korsunsky, Alexander/E-2030-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Korsunsky, Alexander/0000-0002-3558-5198}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{55}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{215YO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000249845100048}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000245445400001,
+Author = {Matray, Jean Michel and Savoye, Sebastien and Cabrera, Justo},
+Title = {{Desaturation and structure relationships around drifts excavated in the
+ well-compacted Tournemire's argillite (Aveyron, France)}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING GEOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{90}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{1-16}},
+Month = {{MAR 9}},
+Abstract = {{This study aimed to explore the relationships between the extension of
+ rock desaturation and the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) subsequent to
+ the excavation of a century-old tunnel and of recent drifts (1996 and
+ 2003) at the Tournemire Underground Research Laboratory (URL) located in
+ the Aveyron county (South of the Massif Central, France). The other
+ objective of this work was to assess the impact of desaturation on the
+ hydraulic head profile measured around the tunnel. One section was
+ selected per drift. Two boreholes were drilled for each section: one
+ parallel and one inclined (45 degrees) with respect to the bedding. For
+ each borehole, we performed on-site drill core mapping, petrophysical
+ measurements, pneumatic and hydraulic tests by means of a Modular
+ Mini-Packer System (MMPS). Results indicate that the EDZ around drifts
+ is mainly a combination of unloading joints, mimicking the drift shape,
+ and of desaturation cracks, parallel to the bedding. The EDZ extension
+ around the tunnel is twice to three times that of the drifts of 1996 and
+ 2003 and is essentially composed of unloading joints resulting from the
+ mechanical response of the rock. The masonery covering the tunnel walls
+ is assumed to have protected the rock from seasonal variations of air
+ humidity, thus limiting (without excluding) the formation of
+ desaturation cracks. The EDZ extension deduced from core mapping is in
+ agreement with that deduced from pneumatic tests with permeabilities
+ several orders of magnitude greater than in the undisturbed zone.
+ Degrees of saturation for the three sections range between 0.9 and 1 in
+ the EDZ area and reach 1 in the undamaged zone. The head profile deduced
+ from measurements recorded since 2002 indicates the occurrence of an
+ Excavation disturbed Zone (EdZ) of about 40 m around the tunnel. This
+ EdZ is Rely due to the existence of sub-atmospheric water pressures
+ clearly seen in the first meter around the tunnel. We have tried to
+ quantify the impact of the tunnel since its excavation on saturation
+ degree and on hydraulic heads. The simulation was performed by
+ considering, as a first approach, the absence of fracturing in the EDZ.
+ A constant suction of - 33 00 m, deduced from the mean annual values of
+ relative humidity and temperature measured in the tunnel atmosphere
+ since 2002, was applied at the tunnel wall. The degrees of saturation
+ simulated around the tunnel are underestimated in the EDZ area and
+ consistent to experimental data in the unfractured zone. The modelling
+ of hydraulic heads is overestimated in the horizontal direction and is
+ in the domain of experimental values in the vertical direction, but the
+ lack of intermediate data cannot enable us to conclude on this
+ consistency. This study demonstrated the role played by fracturing on
+ the distribution of petrophysical parameters and of heads around drifts
+ and the century-old tunnel. It has also demonstrated the necessity of
+ coupling mechanic and hydraulic calculations by considering capillary
+ forces. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rghts reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Matray, JM (Reprint Author), IRSN, DEI SARG, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France.
+ IRSN, DEI SARG, F-92262 Fontenay Aux Roses, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.021}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7952}},
+Keywords = {{Tournemire; argillite; permeability; EDZ; EdZ; desaturation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IN-SITU; TUNNEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{jean-michel.matray@irsn.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{savoye, sebastien/F-7120-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{54}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Geol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{153OS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000245445400001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000250015200005,
+Author = {Celentano, Diego J. and Chaboche, Jean-Louis},
+Title = {{Experimental and numerical characterization of damage evolution in
+ steels}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{10-11}},
+Pages = {{1739-1762}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents an experimental and numerical characterization of
+ ductile damage evolution in steels subjected to large plastic
+ deformations. To this end, a set of tensile tests combining load-unload
+ tensile cycles is firstly carried out in order to evaluate the
+ deterioration exhibited by the Young's modulus for increasing levels of
+ plastic deformation. This task allows, in turn, to derive the
+ characteristic parameters involved in a well-established evolution
+ equation for the isotropic damage variable. In this context, a new
+ damage identification procedure is presented. Different aspects of it
+ are particularly addressed. The obtained material parameters are the
+ basic data to be considered in the simulations that are performed
+ afterwards: the analysis of the tensile test mainly aimed at assessing
+ the proposed characterization and, in addition, the modelling of the
+ flattening process of a cylinder studied to discuss the performance of
+ the constitutive model in the prediction of damage evolution. (C) 2007
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Celentano, DJ (Reprint Author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Mecan \& Met, Avda Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile.
+ Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Ingn Mecan \& Met, Santiago, Chile.
+ Univ Technol Troyes, Lab Syst Mecan \& Ingn, F-10010 Troyes, France.
+ DMSE, ONERA, Chatillon, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.03.008}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+Keywords = {{continuum damage mechanics; mechanical characterization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DUCTILE DAMAGE; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; CRACK INITIATION; PLASTIC DAMAGE;
+ MECHANICS; MODEL; FRACTURE; FAILURE; FRAMEWORK; STRESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{dcelentano@ing.puc.cl
+ Jean-Louis.Chaboche@onera.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chaboche, Jean-Louis/A-6755-2012
+ Celentano, Diego/F-9088-2013}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{53}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{218KU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250015200005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000250015200002,
+Author = {Hammi, Y. and Horstemeyer, M. F.},
+Title = {{A physically motivated anisotropic tensorial representation of damage
+ with separate functions for void nucleation, growth, and coalescence}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{10-11}},
+Pages = {{1641-1678}},
+Abstract = {{A phenomenological anisotropic damage progression formulation for porous
+ ductile metals with second phases is described through mechanisms of
+ void nucleation, growth and coalescence. The model is motivated from
+ fracture mechanisms and microscale physical observations. To describe
+ the creation of new pores, the decohesion at the particle-matrix
+ interface and the fragmentation of second phase particles, the
+ void-crack nucleation equation is related to several microstructural
+ parameters (fracture toughness, length scale parameter, particle size,
+ volume and fraction of second phase), the plastic strain level, and the
+ stress state; Nucleation is represented by a general symmetric second
+ rank tensor, and its components are proportional to the absolute value
+ of the plastic strain rate components. Based on the Rice and Tracey
+ model, void growth is a scalar function of the trace of damage tensor
+ and the positive triaxiality. Like nucleation, coalescence is a second
+ rank tensor governed by the plastic strain rate tensor and the stress
+ state. The coalescence threshold is related to the void length scale for
+ void impingement and void sheet mechanisms. The coupling of damage with
+ the Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson (BCJ) plasticity model is written in the
+ thermodynamic framework and derives from the concept of effective stress
+ assuming the hypothesis of energy equivalence. A full-implicit algorithm
+ is used for the stress integration and the determination of the
+ consistent tangent operator. Finally, macroscale correlations to cast
+ A356 AL alloy and wrought 6061-T6 AL alloy experimental data are
+ completed with predictive void-crack evolution to illustrate the
+ applicability of the anisotropic damage model. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hammi, Y (Reprint Author), Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Box 5405 Mail Stop 9618, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
+ Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2007.03.010}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{constitutive modeling; elasto-viscoplasticity; anisotropic damage; void
+ nucleation; void growth; void coalescence; finite element; stress
+ integration}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DUCTILE FRACTURE; CONTINUUM DAMAGE; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; DENSITY
+ DISTRIBUTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; POROUS MATERIALS; PART I; MODEL;
+ MECHANICS; METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{yhammi@cavs.msstate.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{98}},
+Times-Cited = {{53}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{218KU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250015200002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000245508700023,
+Author = {Sanz, Javier and Perera, Ricardo and Huerta, Consuelo},
+Title = {{Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on auto-associative neural
+ networks and wavelet transforms}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{302}},
+Number = {{4-5}},
+Pages = {{981-999}},
+Month = {{MAY 22}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a new technique for monitoring the condition of
+ rotating machinery from vibration analyses. The proposed method combines
+ the capability of wavelet transform (WT) to treat transient signals with
+ the ability of auto-associative neural networks to extract features of
+ data sets in an unsupervised mode. Trained and configured networks with
+ WT coefficients of nonfaulty signals, are used as a method to detect the
+ novelties or anomalies of faulty signals. The effectiveness of the
+ proposed technique is evaluated using the numerical data and
+ experimental vibration data of a gearbox. Despite the fact that noise is
+ present in both cases, results demonstrated that the proposed method is
+ a good candidate to be used as an online diagnosis tool for rotating
+ machinery. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Perera, R (Reprint Author), Tech Univ, Dept Struct Mech, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain.
+ Tech Univ, Dept Struct Mech, Madrid 28006, Spain.
+ CITEAN, Navarra 31006, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsv.2007.01.006}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE DETECTION; CRACK IDENTIFICATION; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; BEAM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{perera@etsii.upm.es}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Huerta, M Consuelo/H-3529-2016}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{154LL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000245508700023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000243241400014,
+Author = {Liu, Yongming and Mahadevan, Sankaran},
+Title = {{A unified multiaxial fatigue damage model for isotropic and anisotropic
+ materials}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{29}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{347-359}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{A unified multiaxial fatigue damage model based on a characteristic
+ plane approach is proposed in this paper, integrating both isotropic and
+ anisotropic materials into one framework. Compared with most available
+ critical plane-based models for multiaxial fatigue problem, the physical
+ basis of the characteristic plane does not rely on the observations of
+ the fatigue crack in the proposed model. The cracking information is not
+ required for multiaxial fatigue analysis and the proposed model can
+ automatically adapt for very different materials experiencing different
+ failure modes. The effect of the mean normal stress is also included in
+ the proposed model. The results of the proposed fatigue life prediction
+ model Lire validated using experimental results of metals as well as
+ unidirectional and multidirectional composite laminates. (c) 2006
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mahadevan, S (Reprint Author), Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
+ Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.03.011}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{multiaxial fatigue; characteristic plane; metals; composite laminates}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{UNIDIRECTIONAL PLIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LIFE PREDICTION; MEAN STRESS;
+ BEHAVIOR; METALS; COMPOSITES; CRITERION; STRENGTH; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{Sankaran.Mahadcvan@vanderbilt.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Liu, Yongming/E-7566-2010}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{66}},
+Times-Cited = {{50}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{122QL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000243241400014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251775400024,
+Author = {Lopes, C. S. and Camanho, P. P. and Guerdal, Z. and Tatting, B. F.},
+Title = {{Progressive failure analysis of tow-placed, variable-stiffness composite
+ panels}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{25-26}},
+Pages = {{8493-8516}},
+Month = {{DEC 15}},
+Abstract = {{The past developments on tow-placement technology led to the production
+ of machines capable of controlling fibre tows individually and placing
+ them onto the surface of a laminate with curvilinear topology. Due to
+ the variation of properties along their surface, such structures are
+ termed variable-stiffness composite panels.
+ In previous experimental research tow-steered panels have shown
+ increased buckling load capacity as compared with traditional
+ straight-fibre laminates. Also, numerical analyses by the authors showed
+ that first-ply failure occurs at a significant higher load level. The
+ focus of this paper is to extend those analyses into the postbuckling
+ progressive damage behaviour and final structural failure due to
+ accumulation of fibre and matrix damage. A user-developed continuum
+ damage model implemented in the finite element code ABAQUS (R) is
+ employed in the simulation of damage initiation and material stiffness
+ degradation.
+ In order to correctly predict the buckling loads of tow-steered panels
+ under compression, it is of crucial importance to take into account the
+ residual thermal stresses resulting from the curing process. Final
+ failure of tow-steered panels in postbuckling is predicted to within
+ 10\%, difference of the experimental results. Curvilinear-fibre panels
+ have up to 56\% higher strength than straight-fibre laminates and damage
+ initiation is also remarkably postponed. Tow-steered designs also show
+ more tolerance to central holes than traditional laminates. (c) 2007
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Lopes, C. S.; Camanho, P. P., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Lopes, C. S.; Guerdal, Z., Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands.
+ Tatting, B. F., ADOPTECH Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.06.029}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{stiffness tailoring; tow-steered laminates; tow-placement; curvilinear
+ fibres; continuum damage mechanics; progressive failure analyses}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THERMOMECHANICAL CONSTITUTIVE THEORY; CURVILINEAR FIBER FORMAT;
+ CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; DISTRIBUTED DAMAGE;
+ ELASTIC COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS; CRACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lopes, Claudio/0000-0003-4895-683X
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{49}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{243DP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251775400024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251523700009,
+Author = {Oh, Chang-Kyun and Kim, Yun-Jae and Baek, Jong-Hyun and Kim, Young-Pyo
+ and Kim, Woosik},
+Title = {{A phenomenological model of ductile fracture for API X65 steel}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1399-1412}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a phenomenological model of ductile fracture for the
+ API X65 steel using the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model.
+ Experimental tests and FE damage simulations using the GTN model are
+ performed for smooth and notched tensile bars, from which the parameters
+ in the GTN model are calibrated. Comparison of experimental data of
+ pre-strained, notched tensile and fracture toughness tests with finite
+ element (FE) damage analyses show good agreements, suggesting the
+ validity of the calibrated parameters. As application, the developed GTN
+ model is applied to predict the pre-strain effect on deformation and
+ fracture and the results are compared with experimental data. (C) 2007
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kim, YJ (Reprint Author), Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 5 Ka, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
+ Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
+ Korea Gas Corp KOGAS, Ctr Res \& Dev, Ansan 425150, Kyunggi Do, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2007.03.008}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2162}},
+Keywords = {{GTN model; ductile fracture; API X65; pre-strain}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-TIP CONSTRAINT; WIDE PLATES; HARDENING MATERIAL; VOID NUCLEATION;
+ LOCAL APPROACH; GROWTH; TOUGHNESS; FIELDS; PRESTRAIN; RUPTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{kimy0308@korea.ac.kr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{239MZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251523700009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000247178600001,
+Author = {Wang, Jialai and Qiao, Pizhong},
+Title = {{Improved damage detection for beam-type structures using a uniform load
+ surface}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{6}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{99-110}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{A combined analytical and experimental study is conducted to develop
+ efficient and effective damage detection techniques for beam-type
+ structures. Unlike many other vibration-based damage detection methods,
+ in which the mode shapes are often chosen to retrieve damage
+ information, the uniform load surface (ULS) is employed in this study
+ due to its less sensitivity to ambient noise. In combination with the
+ ULS, two new damage detection algorithms, i.e., the generalized fractal
+ dimension (GFD) and simplified gapped-smoothing (SGS) methods, are
+ proposed. The GFD method is developed by modifying the conventional
+ definition of fractal dimension. By using a moving window, the GFD of
+ ULS can be obtained for each sampling point, and due to the irregularity
+ of ULS introduced by the damage, a peak exists on the GFD curve
+ indicating the location of the damage. Not only does such a peak at the
+ GFD curve locate the damage, but also it reveals the relative size of
+ the damage. The SGS method is also proposed to take advantage of the
+ simple deformation shape of ULS. Both methods are then applied to the
+ ULS of cracked and delaminated beams obtained analytically, from which
+ the damage location and size are determined successfully. Based on the
+ experimentally measured curvature mode shapes, both the GFD and SGS
+ methods are further applied to detect three different types of damage in
+ carbon/epoxy composite beams. The successful detection of damage in the
+ composite beams demonstrates that the new techniques developed in this
+ study can be used efficiently and effectively in damage identification
+ and health monitoring of beam-type structures.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Qiao, PZ (Reprint Author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Construct \& Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1475921706072062}},
+ISSN = {{1475-9217}},
+Keywords = {{structural health monitoring; damage detection algorithm; generalized
+ fractal dimension; simplified gapped smoothing method; vibration; mode;
+ shapes; composites; delamination; crack}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IDENTIFICATION; CURVATURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{qiao@wsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{wang, jialai/B-3245-2008
+ Qiao, Pizhong/A-3382-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{wang, jialai/0000-0003-2176-9305
+ Qiao, Pizhong/0000-0003-2769-0147}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{177US}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247178600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000245501000009,
+Author = {Nasseri, M. H. B. and Schubnel, A. and Young, R. P.},
+Title = {{Coupled evolutions of fracture toughness and elastic wave velocities at
+ high crack density in thermally treated Westerly granite}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{601-616}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{A series of 20 chevron cracked notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD) samples of
+ Westerly granite were failed in a standard Mode I tensile test at room
+ temperature in order to evaluate the effect of thermal damage on
+ fracture toughness. The heat treatment involved slowly heating four sets
+ of four samples to 250, 450, 650 and 850 degrees C. The fifth set of
+ samples was not thermally treated. Thermal cracking not only induced a
+ substantial decrease of the mechanical strength, but also of the dynamic
+ elastic properties of Westerly granite. In particular, normalized P-wave
+ compressional velocities matched remarkably well the decreasing trend of
+ normalized fracture toughness (K(1C)). Above 450 degrees C, grain
+ boundary opening and cracking, intragranular cracking and mineral grain
+ dissection linked to the quartz alpha-beta phase transition induced a
+ significant increase in the total crack density. Fracture path
+ interaction with various mineral-mineral contact types showed that
+ fracture branching and total fracture length increased with the amount
+ of temperature of heat treatment.
+ Using non-interactive crack theories, dimensionless crack densities were
+ obtained from wave velocity inversion, up to unusually high values of
+ similar to 10 at 850 degrees C. This geophysical analysis showed to be
+ in close agreement with crack parameters determined optically, such as
+ optical crack density determination, crack aspect ratio evolutions, and
+ the measured sample porosity with temperature. Our results also show
+ that only the non-interactive crack theory can predict K(1C) relatively
+ well at high crack density, by simply using dimensionless crack
+ densities inverted from velocities. A decrease of 50\%, for crack
+ densities larger than 1, 80\% for crack densities larger than 5 is
+ predicted, in close agreement with Our observed experimental variation
+ of K(1C). At the microscale, this can be interpreted by the fact that
+ the main fracture is strongly interacting with the pre-existing
+ microcrack fabric. These combined experimental and modeling results
+ illustrate the importance of understanding the details of how the rock
+ microstructure is changing in response to an external stimulus, ill
+ order to predict the simultaneous evolution of physical and mechanical
+ properties of rock. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nasseri, MHB (Reprint Author), Univ Toronto, Lassonde Inst, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
+ Univ Toronto, Lassonde Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
+ Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, F-75005 Paris, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.09.008}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+Keywords = {{fracture toughness; elastic wave velocities; microcrack density;
+ microcrack porosity thermal treatment in granite; effective medium
+ theories}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SEISMIC VELOCITIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CONFINING PRESSURE;
+ SELF-CONSISTENT; BRITTLE ROCKS; ANISOTROPY; MICROCRACKING; FIELD;
+ COMPRESSIBILITY; BEARING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{nasseri@ecf.utoronto.ca}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{154IS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000245501000009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000247163900003,
+Author = {Golshani, A. and Oda, M. and Okui, Y. and Takemura, T. and Munkhtogo, E.},
+Title = {{Numerical simulation of the excavation damaged zone around an opening in
+ brittle rock}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{835-845}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The micromechanics-based damage model proposed by Golshani et al. {[}A
+ micromechanical model for brittle failure of rock and its relation to
+ crack growth observed in triaxial compression tests of granite. Mech
+ Mater 2006;38:287-303] is extended so that time-dependent behavior of
+ brittle material can be taken into account, with special attention to
+ the numerical analysis of an excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around an
+ opening, which is a major concern in assessing the safety of underground
+ repositories. The present model is capable of reproducing the three
+ characteristic stages of creep behavior (i.e., primary, secondary, and
+ tertiary creep) commonly observed in the laboratory creep tests. The
+ sub-critical microcrack growth parameters (i.e., n and A) can be
+ determined for Inada granite by fitting the numerical results of elapse
+ time to failure versus the creep stress ratio curve with the
+ experimental data under both dry and wet conditions. lt is found that
+ moisture has a significant influence on the parameter A rather than the
+ parameter n. Use of the extended model makes it possible to analyze not
+ only the extension of microcrack length, but also the development of EDZ
+ around an opening as a function of time. The damaged zones mainly
+ develop in the sidewalls of the opening in the case that the vertical
+ stress sigma(22) is larger than the horizontal stress sigma(11). (C)
+ 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Oda, M (Reprint Author), Saitama Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Shimo Ohkubo 255, Sakura, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
+ Saitama Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Sakura, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
+ Natl Inst AIST, Res Ctr Deep Geol Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.12.005}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+Keywords = {{creep failure; excavation damaged zone; micromechanics; numerical
+ analysis; laboratory test; tunnel}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH; STRESS-CORROSION; MICROCRACK MODEL; BARRE GRANITE;
+ FAILURE; COMPRESSION; DEFORMATION; SOLIDS; QUARTZ; CREEP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{golshani@usq.edu.au
+ m-oda@post.saitama-u.ac.jp}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{177PB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247163900003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000249900400007,
+Author = {Trepmann, Claudia A. and Stockhert, Bernhard and Dorner, Dorothee and
+ Moghadam, Rasoul Hamidzadeh and Kuester, Martina and Roeller, Klaus},
+Title = {{Simulating coseismic deformation of quartz in the middle crust and
+ fabric evolution during postseismic stress relaxation - An experimental
+ study}},
+Journal = {{TECTONOPHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{442}},
+Number = {{1-4}},
+Pages = {{83-104}},
+Month = {{SEP 10}},
+Abstract = {{Non-steady state deformation and annealing experiments on vein quartz
+ are designed to simulate earthquake-driven episodic deformation in the
+ middle crust. Three types of experiments were carried out using a
+ modified Griggs-type solid medium deformation apparatus. All three start
+ with high stress deformation at a temperature of 400 degrees C and a
+ constant strain rate of 10(-4) S-1 (type A), some are followed by
+ annealing in the stability field of alpha-quartz for 14-15 h at zero
+ nominal differential stress and temperatures of 800-1000 degrees C (type
+ A+B), or by annealing for 15 h at 900 degrees C and at a residual stress
+ (type A+C).
+ The quartz samples reveal a very high strength > 2 GPa at a few percent
+ of permanent strain. The microstructures after short-term high stress
+ deformation (type A) record localized brittle and plastic deformation.
+ Statisc annealing (type A+B) results in recrystallisation restricted to
+ the highly damaged zones. The new grains aligned in strings and without
+ crystallographic preferred orientation, indicate nucleation and growth.
+ Annealing at non-hydrostatic conditions (type A+C) results in shear
+ zones that also develop from deformation bands or cracks that formed
+ during the preceding high stress deformation. In this case, however, the
+ recrystallised zone is several grain diameters wide, the grains are
+ elongate, and a marked crystallographic preferred orientation indicates
+ flow by dislocation creep with dynamic recrystallisation. Quartz
+ microstructures identical to those produced in type A+B experiments are
+ observed in cores recovered from Long Valley Exploratory Well in the
+ Quaternary Long Valley Caldera, California, with considerable seismic
+ activity.
+ The experiments demonstrate the behaviour of quartz at coseismic loading
+ (type A) and subsequent static annealing (type A+B) or creep at decaying
+ stress (type A+C) in the middle crust. The experimentally produced
+ microfabrics allow to identify similar processes and conditions in
+ exhumed rocks. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Trepmann, CA (Reprint Author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral \& Geophys, Bochum, Germany.
+ Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral \& Geophys, Bochum, Germany.
+ Natl Inst Mat Sci, Struct Met Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.tecto.2007.05.005}},
+ISSN = {{0040-1951}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3266}},
+Keywords = {{quartz; deformation experiment; transmission electron microscopy;
+ electron backscafter diffraction; static recrystallisation; dynamic
+ recrystallisation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELECTRON BACKSCATTERED DIFFRACTION; BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION; DYNAMIC
+ RECRYSTALLIZATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SLIP SYSTEMS; STRAIN-RATE; FLOW
+ LAWS; TEMPERATURE; CREEP; EARTHQUAKE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{claudia.trepmann@rub.de
+ bernhard.stoeckhert@rub.de
+ dorner.dorothee@nims.go.jp
+ rasoul.hamidzadeh.moghadam@rub.de
+ martina.kuester@rub.de
+ klaus.roeller@rub.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{74}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Tectonophysics}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{216SX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000249900400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000244575600001,
+Author = {Hoxha, Dashnor and Giraud, Albert and Homand, Francoise and Auvray,
+ Christophe},
+Title = {{Saturated and unsaturated behaviour modelling of Meuse-Haute/Marne
+ argillite}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{733-766}},
+Abstract = {{Poromechanical behaviour modelling of the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite
+ under saturated and partially saturated conditions is proposed using the
+ equivalent stress concept. In comparison with the previous works on this
+ rock, the particular form of the yield criterion and the plastic flow
+ potential proposed here help to better describe the rock behaviour in
+ tension-stress paths. The evolution of the poroelastic parameters due to
+ the induced cracks is also considered in a simple way. Due to its
+ physical nature, different from classical soils, the partially saturated
+ behaviour of this rock could not be correctly described by any of the
+ pre-existing theories usually used for the partially saturated porous
+ media (soils). Based upon experimental results on this rock and
+ developing some ideas proposed by other authors, an extension of the
+ saturated elastic-plastic model in unsaturated field is proposed. The
+ key hypothesis of this extension is the evolution of the Biot's
+ coefficient as a function of the suction, justified by laboratory
+ results and micromechanical analyses. The predictions of the model in
+ saturated and partially saturated conditions are compared with
+ laboratory results and a good general agreement is found. (c) 2006
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hoxha, D (Reprint Author), Ecole Natl Geol Nancy, LaEGO, ENSG, Rue Doyen Marcel Roubalt, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
+ Ecole Natl Geol Nancy, LaEGO, ENSG, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.05.002}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+Keywords = {{Callovo-Oxfordian argillite; mechanical testing; effective stress;
+ constitutive behaviour; saturated and partially saturated behaviour}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CALLOVO-OXFORDIAN ARGILLITE; POROUS-MEDIA; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; EFFECTIVE
+ STRESS; MICROMECHANICAL APPROACH; PLASTICITY; DAMAGE; LOCALIZATION;
+ SOILS; ELASTOPLASTICITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Dashnor.Hoxha@ensg.inpl-nancy.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{giraud, albert/O-6888-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{giraud, albert/0000-0002-6310-0864}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{55}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{141JW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244575600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000250931900001,
+Author = {Atkinson, A. and Sun, B.},
+Title = {{Residual stress and thermal cycling of planar solid oxide fuel cells}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1135-1143}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{The published literature relating to damage to planar solid oxide fuel
+ cells caused by thermally induced stresses and thermal cycling is
+ reviewed. This covers reported studies of thermal cycling performance
+ and stresses induced by temperature gradients and differences in thermal
+ expansion coefficients in typical planar SOFC configurations, namely
+ electrolyte supported; anode supported and inert substrate supported
+ cells. Generally good agreement is found between electrolyte residual
+ stresses measured by X-ray diffraction or cell curvature and stresses
+ calculated from simple thermo-elastic analysis. Finite element modelling
+ of temperature distributions in cells and stacks in steady state
+ operation are well advanced and capable of being extended to compute
+ stress distributions. Failure criteria are then discussed for laminated
+ cell structures based on critical energy release rate fracture mechanics
+ models developed originally for coatings. However, in most cases the
+ data required to apply the models quantitatively (such as elastic moduli
+ of actual laminated material and fracture energies of materials and
+ interfaces) are not available. Where data are available there are
+ inconsistencies that require resolution. Seals are critical components
+ in many planar solid oxide fuel cell configurations, but again there are
+ discrepancies in experimental mechanical properties and the role of
+ internal stresses in their fracture. In addition, there is as yet no
+ firm evidence that thermal cycling damage involves any true materials
+ fatigue process.}},
+Publisher = {{MANEY PUBLISHING}},
+Address = {{STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Atkinson, A (Reprint Author), Imperial Coll, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ Imperial Coll, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1179/026708307X232910}},
+ISSN = {{0267-0836}},
+Keywords = {{solid oxide fuel cells; thermal cycling; residual stress; seals;
+ ceramics; fracture criteria; thermal fatigue; finite element modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SOFC APPLICATIONS; STRENGTH; ZIRCONIA; DELAMINATION; CRACKING; SEALANTS;
+ COATINGS; FAILURE; STACKS; DESIGN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{alan.atkinson@imperial.ac.uk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{40}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{231FM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250931900001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000246273100001,
+Author = {Nishikawa, Masaaki and Okabe, Tomonaga and Takeda, Nobuo},
+Title = {{Numerical simulation of interlaminar damage propagation in CFRP
+ cross-ply laminates under transverse loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{3101-3113}},
+Month = {{MAY 15}},
+Abstract = {{This paper proposes a numerical simulation of interlaminar damage
+ propagation in FRP laminates under transverse loading, using the finite
+ element method. First, we conducted drop-weight impact tests on CFRP
+ cross-ply laminates. A ply crack was generated at the center of the
+ lowermost ply, and then a butterfly-shaped interlaminar delamination was
+ propagated at the 90/0 ply interface. Based on these experimental
+ observations, we present a numerical simulation of interlaminar damage
+ propagation, using a cohesive zone model to address the energy-based
+ criterion for damage propagation. This simulation can address the
+ interlaminar delamination with high accuracy by locating a fine mesh
+ near the damage process zone, while maintaining computational efficiency
+ with the use of automatic mesh generation. The simulated results of
+ interlaminar delamination agreed well with the experiment results.
+ Moreover, we demonstrated that the proposed method reduces the
+ computational cost of the simulation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Okabe, T (Reprint Author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Aoba Ku, 6-6-01 Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
+ Tohoku Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
+ Univ Tokyo, Dept Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Sch Engn, Chiba 2778561, Japan.
+ Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Energy, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.09.007}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{composite material; finite element method; delamination; cross-ply
+ laminate; transverse loading}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; DELAMINATION; COMPOSITES;
+ PREDICTION; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{okabe@plum.mech.tohoku.ac.jp}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Nishikawa, Masaaki/0000-0003-1017-6344}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{164ZI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246273100001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000246898200012,
+Author = {Jeffers, Jonathan R. T. and Browne, Martin and Lennon, Alexander B. and
+ Prendergast, Patrick J. and Taylor, Mark},
+Title = {{Cement mantle fatigue failure in total hip replacement: Experimental and
+ computational testing}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1525-1533}},
+Abstract = {{One possible loosening mechanism of the femoral component in total hip
+ replacement is fatigue cracking of the cement mantle. A computational
+ method capable of simulating this process may therefore be a useful tool
+ in the preclinical evaluation of prospective implants. In this study, we
+ investigated the ability of a computational method to predict fatigue
+ cracking in experimental models of the implanted femur construct.
+ Experimental specimens were fabricated such that cement mantle
+ visualisation was possible throughout the test. Two different implant
+ surface finishes were considered: grit blasted and polished. Loading was
+ applied to represent level gait for two million cycles. Computational
+ (finite element) models were generated to the same geometry as the
+ experimental specimens, with residual stress and porosity simulated in
+ the cement mantle. Cement fatigue and creep were modelled over a
+ simulated two million cycles. For the polished stem surface finish, the
+ predicted fracture locations in the finite element models closely
+ matched those on the experimental specimens, and the recorded stem
+ displacements were also comparable. For the grit blasted stem surface
+ finish, no cement mantle fractures were predicted by the computational
+ method, which was again in agreement with the experimental results. It
+ was concluded that the computational method was capable of predicting
+ cement mantle fracture and subsequent stem displacement for the
+ structure considered. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Taylor, M (Reprint Author), Univ Southampton, Bioengn Sci Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
+ Univ Southampton, Bioengn Sci Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
+ Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Trinity Ctr Bioengn, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.07.029}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9290}},
+Keywords = {{bone cement; fatigue; finite element; continuum damage mechanics; hip
+ replacement}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ACRYLIC BONE-CEMENT; OF-THE-ART; FINITE-ELEMENT; ARTHROPLASTY REGISTER;
+ DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; FOLLOW-UP; COMPONENTS; POROSITY; SIMULATION;
+ SUBSIDENCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Biophysics; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical}},
+Author-Email = {{m.taylor@solon.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lennon, Alex/A-1133-2010
+ Browne, Martin/M-8229-2013
+ Taylor, Mark/A-3942-2010}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lennon, Alex/0000-0003-2722-8227
+ Browne, Martin/0000-0001-5184-050X
+ Taylor, Mark/0000-0001-7842-6472}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Biomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{173UO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000246898200012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251737600010,
+Author = {Beckmann, Felix and Grupp, Rainer and Haibel, Astrid and Huppmann,
+ Michael and Noethe, Michael and Pyzalla, Anke and Reimers, Walter and
+ Schreyer, Andreas and Zettler, Rudolf},
+Title = {{In-situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography studies of microstructure and
+ damage evolution in engineering materials}},
+Journal = {{ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{9}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{939-950}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{In materials science X-ray microtomography has evolved as an
+ increasingly utilized technique for characterizing the 3D microstructure
+ Of materials. The fundamentals of X-ray microtomography experimental
+ methods and the reconstruction and data evaluation processes are briefly
+ described. A review of in-situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography studies
+ in literature is given. Examples of recent work include in-situ
+ microtomography investiagtions of metallic foams, in-situ studies of the
+ sintering of copper particles, and in-situ investigations of creep
+ damage evolution in composites. Future perspectives of in-situ X-ray
+ microtomography studies in materials science are outlined.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}},
+Address = {{BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pyzalla, A (Reprint Author), Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Mat Diagnost \& Steel Technol, Max Planck Str 1, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany.
+ Pyzalla, Anke, Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Mat Diagnost \& Steel Technol, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany.
+ Beckmann, Felix; Schreyer, Andreas; Zettler, Rudolf, GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
+ Grupp, Rainer; Haibel, Astrid, Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
+ Noethe, Michael, Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Werkstoffwissensch, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
+ Huppmann, Michael; Reimers, Walter, Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Mat Sci \& Technol, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/adem.200700254}},
+ISSN = {{1438-1656}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PHASE-CONTRAST MICROTOMOGRAPHY; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; METAL-MATRIX
+ COMPOSITES; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MU-CT; MATERIALS SCIENCE; SOLID
+ PARTICLES; POWDER COMPACTS; ALUMINUM FOAMS; CREEP DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{pyzalla@mpie.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Noethe, Michael/N-3529-2016
+ Beckmann, Felix/E-1940-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Noethe, Michael/0000-0001-9315-8189
+ Beckmann, Felix/0000-0002-2266-9173}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{94}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{62}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Adv. Eng. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{242PL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251737600010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000250936900002,
+Author = {Xu, G. Y. and Zhu, W. D. and Emory, B. H.},
+Title = {{Experimental and numerical investigation of structural damage detection
+ using changes in natural frequencies}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{129}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{686-700}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Note = {{ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress, Washington, DC, NOV
+ 15-21, 2003}},
+Organization = {{ASME, Fluid Power Syst \& Technol Div; ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst
+ SubDiv; ASME, Fluids Engn Div; ASME, Bioengn Div; ASME, Appl Mech Div;
+ ASME, Elect \& Photon Packaging Div; ASME, Mfg Engn Div; ASME, Adv
+ Energy Syst Div; ASME, Aerosp Div}},
+Abstract = {{A robust iterative algorithm is used to identify the locations and
+ extent of damage in beams using only the changes in their first several
+ natural frequencies. The algorithm, which combines a first-order
+ multiple-parameter perturbation method and the generalized inverse
+ method, is tested extensively through experimental and numerical means
+ on cantilever beams with different damage scenarios. If the damage is
+ located at a position within 0-35\% or 50-95\% of the length of the beam
+ from the cantilevered end, while the resulting system equations are
+ severely underdetermined, the minimum norm solution from the generalized
+ inverse method can lead to a solution that closely represents the
+ desired solution at the end of iterations when the stiffness parameters
+ of the undamaged structure are used as the initial stiffness parameters.
+ If the damage is located at a position within 35-50\% of the length of
+ the beam from the cantilevered end, the resulting solution by using the
+ stiffness parameters of the undamaged structure as the initial stiffness
+ parameters deviates significantly from the desired solution. In this
+ case, a new method is developed to enrich the measurement information by
+ modifying the structure in a controlled manner and using the first
+ several measured natural frequencies of the modified structure. A new
+ method using singular value decomposition is also developed to handle
+ the ill-conditioned system equations that occur in the experimental
+ investigation by using the measured natural frequencies of the modified
+ structure.}},
+Publisher = {{ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG}},
+Address = {{THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xu, GY (Reprint Author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
+ Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1115/1.2731409}},
+ISSN = {{1048-9002}},
+Keywords = {{structural damage detection; natural frequency changes; perturbation
+ method; generalized inverse method; iterative algorithm; underdetermined
+ system equations; cantilever beams; enrichment of measurement
+ information; ill-conditioned system equations}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BEAM STRUCTURES; CRACKS; IDENTIFICATION; VIBRATION; SYSTEMS; MODELS;
+ SHEAR; NDE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{231HH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000250936900002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000248039500001,
+Author = {Fedrizzi, L. and Valentinelli, L. and Rossi, S. and Segna, S.},
+Title = {{Tribocorrosion behaviour of HVOF cermet coatings}},
+Journal = {{CORROSION SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{2781-2799}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The main purpose of this work is to analyze the degradation mechanisms
+ induced on industrial HVOF cermet coatings by tribocorrosion.
+ Tribocorrosion of cermet coatings is a subject that has not been widely
+ analyzed in research studies: in fact, while many works dealing with
+ wear or corrosion of HVOF cermet coatings are published, studies
+ relevant to the combined processes (wear and corrosion) are relatively
+ few.
+ The tribocorrosion mechanisms of the cermet coatings were studied in a
+ sodium chloride solution under sliding wear, trying to combine and
+ integrate differently produced mechanical and electrochemical damage
+ phenomena.
+ Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curves
+ as well as potentiostatic (I vs t) or galvanostatic (E vs t) methods
+ were used in order to stimulate and to interprete tribocorrosion
+ degradation mechanisms.
+ It was shown that coating post grinding, which is a mechanical operation
+ usually performed after the deposition of conventional cermet coatings
+ in order to obtain a desired roughness, could produce structural
+ damages, which can greatly affect the mechano-chemical behaviour of the
+ cermet coatings. Mainly abrasive-adhesive wear mechanisms were observed
+ on the coating surface and sometimes, depending on coatings mechanical
+ properties (fracture toughness), cracks developed during wear causing
+ the coating continuity breaking. In the latter case, the degradation
+ mechanism is no longer governed only by surface tribocorrosion, but
+ undermining corrosion can occur, greatly affecting sample performances
+ and promoting coating detachment.
+ Cr3C2-NiCr coatings, under all the selected experimental conditions,
+ showed good barrier properties and substrate corrosion was never
+ observed. Moreover, when chromium was added to the
+ metal matrix of WC-Co based systems, tribocorrosion behaviour was
+ enhanced and the lower tribocorrosion rates were measured.
+ Finally, it was shown that electrochemical techniques can be used to
+ govern the coating corrosion processes and to interpret the main
+ degradation mechanisms, even though they seem not to provide a precise
+ quantitative analysis of tribocorrosion. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fedrizzi, L (Reprint Author), Univ Udine, Dept Chem Sci \& Technol, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
+ Univ Udine, Dept Chem Sci \& Technol, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
+ Univ Trent, Dept Mat Engn \& Ind Technol, I-38050 Trento, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.corsci.2007.02.003}},
+ISSN = {{0010-938X}},
+Keywords = {{metal matrix composites; erosion; potentiostatic}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THERMALLY SPRAYED COATINGS; WC-CO-CR; CORROSION BEHAVIOR;
+ STAINLESS-STEEL; WEAR; MECHANISMS; CR3C2-NICR; ACID}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{lorenzo.fedrizzi@uniud.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Fedrizzi, Lorenzo/0000-0002-1218-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Corrosion Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{190DZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000248039500001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000244694200008,
+Author = {Berggreen, C. and Simonsen, B. C. and Borum, K. K.},
+Title = {{Experimental and numerical study of interface crack propagation in
+ foam-cored sandwich beams}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{493-520}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{This article deals with the prediction of debonding between core and
+ face sheet in foam-cored sandwich structures. It describes the
+ development, validation, and application of a FEM-based numerical model
+ for the prediction of the propagation of debond damage. The structural
+ mechanics is considered to be geometrically nonlinear while the local
+ fracture mechanics problem is assumed to be linear. The presented
+ numerical procedure for the local fracture mechanics is a further
+ development of the crack surface displacement method, here denoted as
+ the crack surface displacement extrapolation method. The considered
+ application example is to tear off one of the face laminates from the
+ sandwich. This configuration can be found in many applications but is
+ considered here to be occurring in a ship structure, particularly at the
+ hard spot where the superstructure meets the deck. Face tearing
+ experiments are carried out for structures with three different core
+ densities, material tests are carried out and finally the face tearing
+ tests are simulated with the developed procedure. It is shown that for
+ low core densities, where the crack propagates in the interface
+ immediately below the face sheet, there is fair agreement between
+ experiments and theory. For cores with higher density, the crack tends
+ to propagate in the laminate itself with extensive fiber bridging
+ leading to rather conservative numerical predictions. However, for
+ structural configurations where LEFM can be applied, the presented
+ procedure is sufficiently robust and accurate to be used in a number of
+ important engineering applications, for example risk-based inspection
+ and repair schemes.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Berggreen, C (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/0021998306065285}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9983}},
+Keywords = {{debond damage; crack propagation; fracture mechanics; bimaterials;
+ interfaces; composite materials; sandwich beams}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NONUNIFORM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; BRIDGING
+ LAWS; R-CURVES; BIMATERIAL FRACTURE; COMPOSITES; SPECIMENS; KINKING;
+ GROWTH; PANELS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{cbe@mek.dtu.dk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Berggreen, Christian/0000-0002-5027-6633}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Compos Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{143BE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000244694200008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251657400002,
+Author = {McGregor, Carla J. and Vaziri, Reza and Poursartip, Anoush and Xiao,
+ Xinran},
+Title = {{Simulation of progressive damage development in braided composite tubes
+ under axial compression}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{11, SI}},
+Pages = {{2247-2259}},
+Note = {{3rd International Conference on Composites Testing and Model
+ Identification, Univ Porto, Oporto, PORTUGAL, APR 10-12, 2006}},
+Abstract = {{A continuum damage mechanics based model for composite materials
+ (CODAM), which has been implemented as a user material model in an
+ explicit finite element code (LS-DYNA), is used to capture the complete
+ tensile and compressive response of a braided composite material. Model
+ parameters are related to experimentally observed behaviour to ensure a
+ physical basis to the model and a crack band scaling approach is used to
+ minimize mesh sensitivity (or lack of objectivity) of the numerical
+ results. The predictive capability of the model is validated against the
+ results from dynamic tube crush experiments. The damage propagation,
+ failure morphology and energy absorption predictions correlate well with
+ the experimental results. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vaziri, R (Reprint Author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Composites Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
+ McGregor, Carla J.; Vaziri, Reza; Poursartip, Anoush, Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Composites Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
+ McGregor, Carla J.; Vaziri, Reza; Poursartip, Anoush, Univ British Columbia, Dept Mat Engn, Composites Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
+ Xiao, Xinran, GM Corp, Res \& Dev, MC 480 106 710, Warren, MI 48090 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.10.007}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{carbon fibre; damage mechanics; finite element analysis (FEA);
+ crashworthiness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ENERGY-ABSORPTION CAPABILITY; CRUSHING CHARACTERISTICS;
+ FIBER-COMPOSITES; MECHANICS MODEL; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{reza.vaziri@ubc.ca}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xiao, Xinran/M-4275-2014
+ Vaziri, Reza/N-2570-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Vaziri, Reza/0000-0001-5101-0661}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{55}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{241LH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251657400002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000249756200047,
+Author = {Lu, Ye and Ye, Lin and Zhongqing Su and Huang, Nao},
+Title = {{Quantitative evaluation of crack orientation in aluminium plates based
+ on Lamb waves}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{16}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{1907-1914}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{The forward-and back-scattering of Lamb waves by through-thickness
+ cracks of varying length and orientation was studied by numerical
+ simulation and experimental validation. Surface-bonded piezoelectric
+ discs were arrayed as actuators and sensors to generate and collect Lamb
+ waves, respectively, and the effect of crack orientation on Lamb wave
+ propagation was evaluated. Lamb waves reflected and transmitted by
+ cracks of finite size were assessed to obtain the reflection and
+ transmission coefficients subject to crack orientation, with the aid of
+ a Hilbert transform. Using this relationship, crack orientation was
+ quantitatively determined by evaluating the different amplitudes of
+ energy peaks in the Hilbert spectra. The distribution of scattered waves
+ around a crack was further studied for the circumstance of normal wave
+ incidence. The limitation of the proposed technique for effective damage
+ identification based on forward analysis of wave scattering was also
+ discussed.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ye, L (Reprint Author), Univ Sydney, Sch Mech \&Mech Aerosp Engn, Ctr Adv Mat Technol, Lab Smart Mat \& Struct, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Univ Sydney, Sch Mech \&Mech Aerosp Engn, Ctr Adv Mat Technol, Lab Smart Mat \& Struct, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/16/5/047}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HOLE; IDENTIFICATION; REFLECTION; SCATTERING; MODE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ye@aeromech.usyd.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lu, Ye/I-9999-2012
+ SU, Zhongqing/G-9560-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lu, Ye/0000-0002-2319-7681}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{214RQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000249756200047}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000247170600002,
+Author = {Benedetto, A. and Pensa, S.},
+Title = {{Indirect diagnosis of pavement structural damages using surface GPR
+ reflection techniques}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{62}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{107-123}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The safety and operability of road networks is, in part, dependent on
+ the quality of the pavement. It is known that pavements suffer from many
+ different structural problems which can lead to damage to the pavement
+ surface. To minimize the effect of these problems programmed policies
+ for pavement management are required. Additionally a given local anomaly
+ on the road surface can affect the safety of the road to various degrees
+ according to the category of the road, so it is possible to set up
+ different programmes of repair according to the different standards of
+ road.
+ Programmed policies for pavement management are required because of the
+ wide structural damage which occurs to pavements during their normal
+ operating life. This has consequences for the safety and operability of
+ road networks. During the last decade, road networks suffered from great
+ structural damage. The damage occurs for different reasons, such as the
+ increasing traffic or the lack of means for routine maintenance. Many
+ forms of damage, originating in the bottom layers are invisible until
+ the pavement cracks. They depend on the infiltration of water and the
+ presence of cohesive soil greatly reduces the bearing capacity of the
+ subasphalt layers and underlying soils. On the basis of an in-depth
+ literature review, an experimental survey with Ground Penetrating Radar
+ (GPR) was carried out to calibrate the geophysical parameters and to
+ validate the reliability of an indirect diagnostic method of pavement
+ damage. The experiments were set on a pavement under which water was
+ injected over a period of several hours. GPR travel time data were used
+ to estimate the dielectric constant and the water content in the unbound
+ aggregate layer, the variations in water content with time and
+ particular areas where rate of infiltration decreases. A new methodology
+ has been proposed to extract the hydraulic permittivity fields in
+ sub-asphalt structural layers and soils from the moisture maps observed
+ with GPR. It is effective at diagnosing the presence of clay or cohesive
+ soil that compromises the bearing capacity of sub-base and induces
+ damage. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Benedetto, A (Reprint Author), Univ Roma Tre, Dept Sci \& Civil Engn, Via Vito Volterra 60, I-00146 Rome, Italy.
+ Univ Roma Tre, Dept Sci \& Civil Engn, I-00146 Rome, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.09.001}},
+ISSN = {{0926-9851}},
+Keywords = {{ground penetrating radar; pavement damage; pavement management; water
+ content; hydraulic permittivity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT;
+ SATURATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geology; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{benedet@uniroma3.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{benedetto, andrea/A-3291-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{benedetto, andrea/0000-0002-1006-8928}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Geophys.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{177RQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000247170600002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000242511000009,
+Author = {Araujo, J. A. and Susmel, L. and Taylor, D. and Ferro, J. C. T. and
+ Mamiya, E. N.},
+Title = {{On the use of the Theory of Critical Distances and the Modified Wohler
+ Curve Method to estimate fretting fatigue strength of cylindrical
+ contacts}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2007}},
+Volume = {{29}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{95-107}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper summarises an attempt to propose a methodology suitable for
+ estimating high-cycle fatigue strength of cylindrical contacts under a
+ partial slip regime. In particular, Taylor's point method, usually
+ applied to predict fatigue limits of notched components, was used in
+ conjunction with the Modified Wohler Curve Method allowing us to
+ formulate a novel fretting fatigue prediction methodology. The devised
+ procedure takes as its starting point the idea that to correctly
+ estimate fatigue damage under fretting fatigue two different aspects
+ must be taken into account: stress gradients and degree of multiaxiality
+ of the stress field damaging the fatigue process zone. The first problem
+ was addressed by using the Theory of Critical Distances, whereas the
+ latter by using an appropriate multiaxial fatigue criterion. In order to
+ check the accuracy of the proposed methodology, a number of tests on
+ cylindrical contacts were selected from the technical literature for two
+ high strength alloys commonly used in the aerospace industry, namely
+ Al4\%Cu and Ti-6Al-4V. The performed analyses showed a sound agreement
+ between estimations and experimental data. In particular, the proposed
+ method correctly predicted failures in the medium-cycle fatigue regime,
+ allowing the high-cycle fatigue estimations to fall within an error
+ interval of about +/- 20\%. This result is very interesting, especially
+ by the light of the fact that such an approach is based on the use of
+ linear-elastic stresses, making it suitable for being used in situations
+ of practical interest by post-processing linear-elastic finite element
+ results. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Araujo, JA (Reprint Author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Mech Engn, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
+ Univ Brasilia, Dept Mech Engn, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
+ Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
+ Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.02.041}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{fretting fatigue; notch fatigue; multiaxial fatigue; critical distance;
+ size effect}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; CRACK INITIATION; NOTCH FATIGUE; PREDICTION;
+ METHODOLOGIES; THRESHOLDS; LOADINGS; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; LIFE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{alex07@unb.br}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mamiya, Edgar/E-5129-2011
+ araujo, jose/E-5378-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mamiya, Edgar/0000-0002-4131-9427
+ }},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{112FL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000242511000009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2008.bib b/data/WoS_export/2008.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56fbde6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2008.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3087 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000255819900004,
+Author = {Xue, Liang and Wierzbicki, Tomasz},
+Title = {{Ductile fracture initiation and propagation modeling using damage
+ plasticity theory}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{3276-3293}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{9th European Mechanics of Materials Conference, Moret sur Loing, FRANCE,
+ MAY 09-12, 2006}},
+Organization = {{European Mech Soc; French Soc Mech Mat}},
+Abstract = {{Ductile fracture is often considered as the consequences of the
+ accumulation of plastic damage. This paper is concerned with the
+ application of a recently developed damage plasticity theory
+ incorporates the pressure sensitivity and the Lode angle dependence into
+ a nonlinear damage rule and the material deterioration. The ductile
+ damaging process is calculated through the so-called ``cylindrical
+ decomposition{''} method. The constitutive equations are discussed and
+ numerically implemented. An experimental and numerical investigation for
+ three-point bending tests is reported for aluminum alloy 2024-T351.
+ Crack initiation and propagation in compact tension specimens are also
+ studied numerically. These simulation results show good agreement with
+ experiments. The present model can successfully predict slant fracture
+ as well as the formation of shear lips. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xue, L (Reprint Author), Hess Corp, 500 Dallas St 2250, Houston, TX 77002 USA.
+ Xue, Liang; Wierzbicki, Tomasz, MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.08.012}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7315}},
+Keywords = {{ductile fracture; aluminum alloy; damage plasticity theory; crack
+ propagation; ductile rupture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{2024-T351 ALUMINUM-ALLOY; TIP-OPENING ANGLE; CRACK-GROWTH; STRAIN;
+ STRESS; STATE; FAILURE; SOLIDS; METALS; VOIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{xue@alum.mit.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xue, Liang/A-1266-2007}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Xue, Liang/0000-0003-0468-0624}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{100}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{300JK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255819900004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000257982300006,
+Author = {Care, S. and Nguyen, Q. T. and L'Hostis, V. and Berthaud, Y.},
+Title = {{Mechanical properties of the rust layer induced by impressed current
+ method in reinforced mortar}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{8-9}},
+Pages = {{1079-1091}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes the mechanical effects of rust layer formed in
+ reinforced mortar through accelerated tests of corrosion. The
+ morphological and physico-chemical properties (composition, structures)
+ of the corrosion system were characterized at different stages by using
+ optical microscope and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy
+ dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion pattern was mainly characterized
+ by a rust layer confined at the interface between the steel and the
+ mortar. Expansion coefficient of rust products was determined from the
+ rust thickness and the Faraday's law. Furthermore, in order to
+ understand the mechanical effects of corrosion on the damage of mortar,
+ displacement field measurements were obtained by using digital image
+ correlation. An analytical model (hollow cylinder subjected to inner and
+ outer pressures) was used with a set of experimental data to deduce the
+ time of cracking and the order of magnitude of the mechanical properties
+ of the rust layer. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Care, S (Reprint Author), Univ Paris Est, Inst Navier, LMSGC LCPC ENPC CNRS, 2 Allee Kepler, F-77420 Champs Sur Marne, France.
+ Care, S., Univ Paris Est, Inst Navier, LMSGC LCPC ENPC CNRS, F-77420 Champs Sur Marne, France.
+ Nguyen, Q. T.; Berthaud, Y., Univ Paris Sud, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan CNRS UPMC PRES, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ L'Hostis, V., CEA Saclay, DEN DANS DPC SCCME LECBA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.03.016}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{SEM; corrosion; mechanical properties; steel reinforced mortar; rust}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONCRETE STRUCTURES; COVER CRACKING; CORROSION CRACKING; TIME;
+ INITIATION; STEEL; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{sabine.care@lcpc.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{94}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{330ZT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257982300006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000255012100008,
+Author = {Tita, Volnel and de Carvalho, Jonas and Vandepitte, Dirk},
+Title = {{Failure analysis of low velocity impact on thin composite laminates:
+ Experimental and numerical approaches}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{83}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{413-428}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The dynamic behavior of composite laminates is very complex because
+ there are many concurrent phenomena during composite laminate failure
+ under impact load. Fiber breakage, delaminations, matrix cracking,
+ plastic deformations due to contact and large displacements are some
+ effects which should be considered when a structure made from composite
+ material is impacted by a foreign object. Thus, an investigation of the
+ low velocity impact on laminated composite thin disks of epoxy resin
+ reinforced by carbon fiber is presented. The influence of stacking
+ sequence and energy impact was investigated using load-time histories,
+ displacement-time histories and energy-time histories as well as images
+ from NDE. Indentation tests results were compared to dynamic results,
+ verifying the inertia effects when thin composite laminate was impacted
+ by foreign object with low velocity. Finite element analysis (FEA) was
+ developed, using Hill's model and material models implemented by UMAT
+ (User Material Subroutine) into software ABAQUS (TM), in order to
+ simulate the failure mechanisms under indentation tests. (C) 2007
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tita, V (Reprint Author), Univ Sao Paulo, Engn Sch Sao Carlos, Dept Mat Aeronaut \& Automobilist Engn, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
+ Tita, Volnel, Univ Sao Paulo, Engn Sch Sao Carlos, Dept Mat Aeronaut \& Automobilist Engn, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
+ de Carvalho, Jonas, Univ Sao Paulo, Engn Sch Sao Carlos, Dept Mech Engn, BR-13566590 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
+ Vandepitte, Dirk, Katholieke Univ Leuven, PMA Div, Dept Mech Engn, Louvain, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.06.003}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{composite laminates; low velocity impact; NDE; indentation tests; finite
+ element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER COMPOSITES; DAMAGE TOLERANCE; OPEN HOLE; PREDICTION; LOADINGS;
+ TENSILE; TUBES; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{voltita@sc.usp.br}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Tita, Volnei/I-3551-2013
+ EIE, INCT/J-9554-2013
+ Carvalho, Jonas/D-5019-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Carvalho, Jonas/0000-0002-2614-6206}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{88}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{59}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{288UU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255012100008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000254687400007,
+Author = {Zhao, Tianwen and Jiang, Yanyao},
+Title = {{Fatigue of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{30}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{834-849}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Extensive fatigue experiments were conducted using 7075-T651 aluminum
+ alloy under uniaxial, torsion, and axial-torsion loading. Detailed
+ fatigue results were reported. Different mean stresses were applied in
+ the experiments and the mean stress was found to have a significant
+ influence on the fatigue strength of the material. A tensile mean stress
+ decreased the fatigue strength dramatically. Fatigue damage was found to
+ occur under compression-compression loading. In addition, axial-torsion
+ experiments using tubular specimens were conducted under different
+ loading paths to study the multiaxial fatigue behavior. Fatigue cracking
+ behavior was found to be dependent on the loading path as well as the
+ loading magnitude. When the loading magnitude was high, the material
+ displayed shear cracking. When the loading stress was below a certain
+ level, the material exhibited tensile cracking. For most loading cases
+ under investigation, the material displayed a mixed cracking behavior. A
+ kink was found in the shear strain versus fatigue life curve from the
+ pure torsion experiments, and it was associated with a distinctive
+ transition of cracking behavior. The Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) parameter
+ with a critical plane interpretation was found to correlate well with
+ most of the experiments conducted in terms of fatigue lives. However,
+ the SWT parameter cannot deal with the uniaxial fatigue conditions where
+ the maximum stress is low or negative. More importantly, the model fails
+ to correctly predict the cracking behavior observed experimentally on
+ the material. A critical plane criterion based on a combination of the
+ normal and shear components of the stresses and strains on material
+ planes was found to better correlate the fatigue experiments in terms of
+ both fatigue life and cracking behavior. The characteristics of the
+ multiaxial fatigue criterion were discussed based on the experimental
+ observations on 7075-T651 aluminum alloy. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jiang, YY (Reprint Author), Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Mail Stop 312, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
+ Zhao, Tianwen; Jiang, Yanyao, Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.07.005}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{7075-T651 aluminum alloy; axial-torsion; compression-compression
+ fatigued; multiaxial criterion; multiaxial fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LIFE PREDICTIONS; STRAIN; DAMAGE; PLANE; BEHAVIOR; METALS; SIZES; STEEL;
+ MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yjiang@unr.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Jiang, Yanyao/H-1816-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Jiang, Yanyao/0000-0002-1977-4669}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{84}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{284DZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000254687400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000259409300023,
+Author = {Bridier, F. and Villechaise, P. and Mendez, J.},
+Title = {{Slip and fatigue crack formation processes in an alpha/beta titanium
+ alloy in relation to crystallographic texture on different scales}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{56}},
+Number = {{15}},
+Pages = {{3951-3962}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The Purpose of this experimental Study is to investigate the
+ micromechanical fatigue behavior: in terms of slip nature and
+ preferential cracking sites, of a commercial of a commercial
+ alpha/beta-forged Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Electron backscattering diffraction
+ is extensively used to identify the deformation (prismatic, basal,
+ pyramidal slip) and crack formation modes activated by fatigue at the
+ Surface of several hundred primary alpha. nodules. Some fatal crack
+ formation sites are also characterized. Cracking in basal planes is
+ identified as the most critical damage mode leading to fracture. An
+ explanation is proposed which involves the resolved shear stress, taking
+ into account the Schmid factor and the normal stress in relation to the
+ elastic anisotropy of the alpha-phase. Finally, the spatial distribution
+ of the secondary cracks is analyzed according to the crystallographic
+ textures (macrozones) present on a mesoscopic scale in the Ti-6Al-4V
+ alloy. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Villechaise, P (Reprint Author), Univ Poitiers, CNRS, ENSMA UMR 6617, Mecan \& Phys Mat Lab, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.
+ Bridier, F.; Villechaise, P.; Mendez, J., Univ Poitiers, CNRS, ENSMA UMR 6617, Mecan \& Phys Mat Lab, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.036}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{titanium alloys; slip; fatigue; texture; electron backscattering
+ diffraction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; MICROSCOPY; INITIATION; IMI-834;
+ METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{p.villechaise@lmpm.ensma.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{81}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{73}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{351FG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000259409300023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000257980400007,
+Author = {de Moura, M. F. S. F. and Campilho, R. D. S. G. and Goncalves, J. P. M.},
+Title = {{Crack equivalent concept applied to the fracture characterization of
+ bonded joints under pure mode I loading}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{68}},
+Number = {{10-11}},
+Pages = {{2224-2230}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{In this work, an accurate and suitable data reduction scheme is
+ developed to measure the fracture energy of adhesive joints under pure
+ mode I loading. The method is based on the crack equivalent concept and
+ is applied to the double cantilever beam specimen. Using the proposed
+ methodology it is not necessary to measure the crack length during
+ propagation, which can introduce non-negligible errors on the fracture
+ energy measurements. Moreover, it accounts for the fracture process zone
+ effects which can be significant when ductile adhesives are used. The
+ new method was compared to classical data reduction schemes and was
+ validated numerically using a trapezoidal mixed-mode cohesive damage
+ model. The fracture characterization in mode I using a developed
+ trapezoidal cohesive damage model is performed by an inverse method.
+ Excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental R-curves was
+ achieved demonstrating the adequacy of the proposed method. (C) 2008
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Moura, MFSF (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mecan \& Gestao Ind, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ de Moura, M. F. S. F.; Campilho, R. D. S. G., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mecan \& Gestao Ind, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Goncalves, J. P. M., IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Dept Math Sci, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.04.003}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{adhesive joints; fracture toughness; finite element analysis (FEA);
+ cohesive damage models}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM; FIBER COMPOSITES; ADHESIVE JOINTS; TOUGHNESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{mfmoura@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759
+ Campilho, Raul/0000-0003-4167-4434}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{80}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{330ZC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257980400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000261541900003,
+Author = {Cervenka, Jan and Papanikolaou, Vassilis K.},
+Title = {{Three dimensional combined fracture-plastic material model for concrete}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{2192-2220}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes a combined fracture-plastic model for concrete.
+ Tension is handled by a fracture model, based on the classical
+ orthotropic smeared crack formulation and the crack band approach. It
+ employs the Rankine failure criterion, exponential softening, and it can
+ be used as a rotated or a fixed crack model. The plasticity model for
+ concrete in compression is based on the Menetrey-Willam failure surface,
+ the plastic volumetric strain as a hardening/softening parameter and a
+ non-associated flow rule based on a nonlinear plastic potential
+ function. Both models use a return-mapping algorithm for the integration
+ of constitutive equations. Special attention is given to the development
+ of an algorithm for the combination of the two models. The suggested
+ combination algorithm is based on a recursive substitution, and it
+ allows for the two models to be developed and formulated separately. The
+ algorithm can handle cases when failure surfaces of both models are
+ active, but also when physical changes such as crack closure occur. The
+ model can be used to simulate concrete cracking, crushing under high
+ confinement and crack closure due to crushing in other material
+ directions. The model is integrated in a general finite element package
+ ATENA and its performance is evaluated by comparisons with various
+ experimental results from the literature. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Papanikolaou, VK (Reprint Author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Civil Engn, Lab Reinforced Concrete \& Masonry Struct, POB 482, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
+ Papanikolaou, Vassilis K., Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Civil Engn, Lab Reinforced Concrete \& Masonry Struct, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
+ Cervenka, Jan, Cervenka Consulting, Prague 16200 6, Czech Republic.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.01.004}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+Keywords = {{A. Fracture; B. Concrete; B. Constitutive behavior; B. Elastic-plastic
+ material; C. Finite elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE; PLAIN CONCRETE; DAMAGE MODEL; CONSTITUTIVE
+ MODEL; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; STRESS; FORMULATION; BEHAVIOR; COMPRESSION;
+ FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{billy@civil.auth.gr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Papanikolaou, Vassilis/0000-0001-8944-0421}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Czech Academy of Sciences {[}IET409870411]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The contribution of the first author was supported by the research Grant
+ number IET409870411 from the Czech Academy of Sciences. The financial
+ support is greatly appreciated. The contribution of the second author
+ was performed within the framework of the research project ``ASProGe:
+ Seismic Protection of Bridges{''}, funded by the General Secretariat of
+ Research and Technology (GGET) of Greece.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{52}},
+Times-Cited = {{77}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{381MZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261541900003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251430600007,
+Author = {Lu, Ye and Ye, Lin and Su, Zhongqing and Yang, Chunhui},
+Title = {{Quantitative assessment of through-thickness crack size based on Lamb
+ wave scattering in aluminium plates}},
+Journal = {{NDT \& E INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{59-68}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{The interaction of Lamb wave modes at varying frequencies with a
+ through-thickness crack of different lengths in aluminium plates was
+ analysed in terms of finite element method and experimental study. For
+ oblique-wave incidence, both numerical and experimental results showed
+ that the wave scattering from a crack leads to complicated transmission,
+ reflection and diffraction accompanied by possible wave-mode conversion.
+ A dual-PZT actuation scheme was therefore applied to generate the
+ fundamental symmetrical mode (SO) with enhanced energy to facilitate the
+ identification of crack-scattered wave components. The relationship
+ between crack length and the reflection/transmission coefficient
+ obtained with the aid of the Hilbert transform was established, through
+ which the crack length was quantitatively evaluated. The effects of
+ wavelength of Lamb waves and wave diffraction on the properties of the
+ reflection and transmission coefficients were analysed. (c) 2007
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ye, L (Reprint Author), Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mechatron Engn, CAMT, LSMS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mechatron Engn, CAMT, LSMS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ndteint.2007.07.003}},
+ISSN = {{0963-8695}},
+Keywords = {{Lamb waves; crack identification; aluminiurn plate; finite element
+ method; hilbert transform}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-FREQUENCY REFLECTION; PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR/ACTUATOR NETWORK;
+ METALLIC STRUCTURES; RECTANGULAR NOTCH; DAMAGE DETECTION; MODE;
+ PROPAGATION; SENSORS; PIPES; BEAMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{ye@aeromech.usyd.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011
+ Lu, Ye/I-9999-2012
+ Yang, Chunhui/H-6044-2012
+ SU, Zhongqing/G-9560-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lu, Ye/0000-0002-2319-7681}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{77}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{NDT E Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{238ER}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251430600007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000257218600006,
+Author = {de Moura, M. F. S. F. and Morais, J. J. L. and Dourado, N.},
+Title = {{A new data reduction scheme for mode I wood fracture characterization
+ using the double cantilever beam test}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Number = {{13}},
+Pages = {{3852-3865}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes experimental and numerical studies on double
+ cantilever beam test applied to fracture characterization of wood in
+ mode I. A new data reduction scheme based on the beam theory and
+ specimen compliance is proposed in order to overcome the difficulties
+ inherent to crack monitoring during propagation. A cohesive damage model
+ adapted to wood is used to simulate the test. The cohesive properties
+ are evaluated using an inverse method based on a developed Genetic
+ Algorithm through an optimisation strategy. The results demonstrate the
+ effectiveness of the proposed methodology as a suitable data reduction
+ scheme for the double cantilever beam test. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Moura, MFSF (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mecan \& Gestao Ind, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ de Moura, M. F. S. F., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mecan \& Gestao Ind, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Morais, J. J. L.; Dourado, N., CITAB UTAD, Dept Engn, P-5000911 Vila Real, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.02.006}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{mode I; double cantilever beam test; fracture toughness; wood; cohesive
+ model}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mfmoura@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Morais, Jose/J-7900-2013
+ Dourado, Nuno/K-1409-2013
+ de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Dourado, Nuno/0000-0002-0756-6854
+ de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759
+ Morais, Jose/0000-0001-5067-4183}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{71}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{320FH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257218600006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000261246300001,
+Author = {Mitchell, T. M. and Faulkner, D. R.},
+Title = {{Experimental measurements of permeability evolution during triaxial
+ compression of initially intact crystalline rocks and implications for
+ fluid flow in fault zones}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{113}},
+Number = {{B11}},
+Month = {{NOV 26}},
+Abstract = {{Detailed experimental studies of the development of permeability of
+ crustal rock during deformation are essential in helping to understand
+ fault mechanics and constrain larger-scale models that predict bulk
+ fluid flow within the crust. Permeability is particularly enhanced in
+ the damage zone of faults, where microfracture damage accumulates under
+ stress less than that required for macroscopic failure. Experiments
+ performed in the prefailure region can provide data directly applicable
+ to these zones of microfracture damage surrounding faults. The strength,
+ permeability, and pore fluid volume evolution of initially intact
+ crystalline rocks (Cerro Cristales granodiorite and Westerly granite)
+ under increasing differential load leading to macroscopic failure has
+ been determined at water pore pressures of 50 MPa and varying effective
+ pressures from 10 to 50 MPa. Permeability is seen to increase by up to,
+ and over, 2 orders of magnitude prior to macroscopic failure, with the
+ greatest increase seen at lowest effective pressures. Postfailure
+ permeability is shown to be over 3 orders of magnitude higher than
+ initial intact permeabilities and approaches the lower limit of
+ predicted in situ bulk crustal permeabilities. Increasing amplitude
+ cyclic loading tests show permeability-stress hysteresis, with high
+ permeabilities maintained as differential stress is reduced and the
+ greatest permeability increases are seen between 90 and 99\% of the
+ failure stress. Prefailure permeabilities are nearly 7 to 9 orders of
+ magnitude lower than that predicted by some high-pressure diffusive
+ models suggesting that if these models are correct, microfracture matrix
+ flow cannot dominate, and that bulk fluid flow must be dominated by
+ larger-scale structures such as macrofractures. We present a model,
+ based on our data, in which the permeability of a highly stressed fault
+ tip process zone in low-permeability crystalline rocks increases by more
+ than 2 orders of magnitude. Stress reduction related to the onward
+ migration of the fault tip close damage zone cracks, while some
+ permeability is maintained due to hysteresis from permanent
+ microfracture damage.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION}},
+Address = {{2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mitchell, TM (Reprint Author), Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth \& Planetary Syst Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan.
+ Mitchell, T. M., Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth \& Planetary Syst Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan.
+ Faulkner, D. R., Univ Liverpool, Dept Earth \& Ocean Sci, Rock Deformat Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1029/2008JB005588}},
+Article-Number = {{B11412}},
+ISSN = {{2169-9313}},
+EISSN = {{2169-9356}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; HIGH-PRESSURE; SHEAR-FRACTURE; WESTERLY GRANITE;
+ PUNCHBOWL FAULT; HEAT-FLOW; STRESS; DEFORMATION; GROWTH; EARTHQUAKE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{tom-mitchell@hiroshima-u.ac.jp}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mitchell, Thomas/D-9903-2011
+ Faulkner, Daniel/F-7589-2011}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Environment Research Council {[}NE/C001117/1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{We acknowledge financial support from a Natural Environment Research
+ Council grant (NE/C001117/1) to DRF and a University of Liverpool Ph. D.
+ studentship to TMM. John Hakes provided essential technical support in
+ the construction and maintenance of the electronic control systems. We
+ thank Steven Kewin of CAE Services for the construction and maintenance
+ of mechanical components. Thorough reviews from Phil Meredith and an
+ anonymous reviewer helped greatly to improve the manuscript.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{78}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{53}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{377JA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261246300001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251857100009,
+Author = {Hallett, Stephen R. and Jiang, Wen-Guang and Khan, Bijoysri and Wisnom,
+ Michael R.},
+Title = {{Modelling the interaction between matrix cracks and delamination damage
+ in scaled quasi-isotropic specimens}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{68}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{80-89}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{A series of tensile tests on scaled quasi-isotropic laminates have been
+ carried out and modelled using finite element analysis to predict
+ failure. Observations during testing and examination of the failed test
+ specimens showed significant influence of matrix cracking and
+ delamination on the final failure. Initially the virtual crack closure
+ technique (VCCT) was used to determine the applied load that would cause
+ free edge delamination. Experimental results showed that failure
+ occurred at loads lower than those predicted. Matrix cracks, observed in
+ the testing, were introduced into the model and interface elements were
+ used to model the delamination development. This approach gave good
+ correlation to the behaviour observed in the tests. Even in the
+ specimens apparently dominated by fibre failure, delamination was shown
+ to be significant. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hallett, SR (Reprint Author), Univ Bristol, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ Hallett, Stephen R.; Jiang, Wen-Guang; Khan, Bijoysri; Wisnom, Michael R., Univ Bristol, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.05.038}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{strength; delamination; transverse cracking; finite element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; PREDICTION; SIMULATION;
+ GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{stephen.hallett@bristol.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wisnom, Michael/A-4413-2008
+ Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{244HN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251857100009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000259832100009,
+Author = {Deshpande, V. S. and Evans, A. G.},
+Title = {{Inelastic deformation and energy dissipation in ceramics: A
+ mechanism-based constitutive model}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{56}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{3077-3100}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{A mechanism-based constitutive model is presented for the inelastic
+ deformation and fracture of ceramics. The model comprises four essential
+ features: (i) micro-crack extension rates based on stress-intensity
+ calculations and a crack growth law, (ii) the effect of the crack
+ density on the stiffness, inclusive of crack closure, (iii) plasticity
+ at high confining pressures, and (iv) initial flaws that scale with the
+ grain size. Predictions of stress/strain responses for a range of stress
+ states demonstrate that the model captures the transition from
+ deformation by micro-cracking at low triaxiality to plastic slip at high
+ triaxialities. Moreover, natural outcomes of the model include dilation
+ (or bulking) upon micro-cracking, as well as the increase in the shear
+ strength of the damaged ceramic with increasing triaxiality. Cavity
+ expansion calculations are used to extract some key physics relevant to
+ penetration. Three domains have been identified: (i) quasi-static, where
+ the ceramic fails due to the outward propagation of a compression damage
+ front, (ii) intermediate velocity, where an outward propagating
+ compression damage front is accompanied by an inward propagating tensile
+ (or spallation) front caused by the reflection of the elastic wave from
+ the outer surface and (iii) high velocity, wherein plastic deformation
+ initiates at the inner surface of the shell followed by spalling within
+ a tensile damage front when the elastic wave reflects from the outer
+ surface. Consistent with experimental observations, the cavity pressure
+ is sensitive to the grain size under quasi-static conditions but
+ relatively insensitive under dynamic loadings. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Deshpande, VS (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ Deshpande, V. S.; Evans, A. G., Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ Evans, A. G., Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2008.05.002}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{micro-cracking; ceramic; ballistics; cavity expansion; damage mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SPHERICAL CAVITY-EXPANSION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; SINTERED ALUMINA;
+ BORON-CARBIDE; STRAIN RATES; INDENTATION; PENETRATION; FRACTURE;
+ PRESSURES; TARGETS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{vsd@engineering.ucsb.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Deshpande, Vikram/C-6750-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Deshpande, Vikram/0000-0003-3899-3573}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Office of Naval Research {[}N00014-07-1-0764]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge many insightful discussions with Profs. Haydn
+ Wadley, Robert McMeeking, Charlie Sammis and Dr. Harsha Bhat. Support
+ from the Office of Naval Research through a Multidisciplinary University
+ Research Initiative program oil ``Cellular materials concepts for force
+ protection{''}, Prime Award no. N00014-07-1-0764 is also gratefully
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
+Times-Cited = {{61}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{357FQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000259832100009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000252136600028,
+Author = {Vakil-Baghmisheh, Mohammad-Taghi and Peimani, Mansour and Sadeghi,
+ Morteza Homayoun and Ettefagh, Mir Mohammad},
+Title = {{Crack detection in beam-like structures using genetic algorithms}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{8}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{1150-1160}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{A fault diagnosis method based on genetic algorithms (GAs) and a model
+ of damaged ( cracked) structure is proposed. For modeling the
+ cracked-beam structure an analytical model of a cracked cantilever beam
+ is utilized and natural frequencies are obtained through numerical
+ methods. Our method utilizes genetic algorithms to monitor the possible
+ changes in the natural frequencies of the structure. The identification
+ of the crack location and depth in the cantilever beam is formulated as
+ an optimization problem, and binary and continuous genetic algorithms
+ (BGA, CGA) are used to find the optimal location and depth by minimizing
+ the cost function which is based on the difference of measured and
+ calculated natural frequencies. Also we present a new cost function
+ based on natural frequencies. The average values of location and depth
+ prediction errors are 1.02\% and 1.98\%, respectively, using the BGA.
+ These values become 0.73\% and 1.11\% for the CGA. To validate the
+ proposed method and investigate the modeling and measurement errors some
+ experimental results are also included. The average values of
+ experimental location and depth prediction errors are 10.57\% and
+ 11.19\%, respectively, for the BGA. These values become 10.21\% and
+ 10.39\% for the CGA. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Peimani, M (Reprint Author), Univ Tabriz, Fac Elect Engn, Intelligent Syst Res Lab, Tabriz, Iran.
+ Vakil-Baghmisheh, Mohammad-Taghi; Peimani, Mansour, Univ Tabriz, Fac Elect Engn, Intelligent Syst Res Lab, Tabriz, Iran.
+ Sadeghi, Morteza Homayoun; Ettefagh, Mir Mohammad, Univ Tabriz, Fac Mech Engn, Res Lab Vibrat \& Modal Anal, Tabriz, Iran.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.asoc.2007.10.003}},
+ISSN = {{1568-4946}},
+Keywords = {{crack detection; health monitoring; genetic algorithms; natural
+ frequencies}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; FREQUENCY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
+ Interdisciplinary Applications}},
+Author-Email = {{mvakil@tabrizu.ac.ir
+ mpeimani@gmail.com
+ morteza@tabrizu.ac.ir
+ ettefagh@tabrizu.ac.ir}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ettefagh, Mir Mohammad/0000-0002-9229-3482}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{58}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Soft. Comput.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{248FE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000252136600028}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000257346800005,
+Author = {Grande, Ernesto and Milani, Gabriele and Sacco, Elio},
+Title = {{Modelling and analysis of FRP-strengthened masonry panels}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{30}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1842-1860}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The aim of this paper is the development of suitable mechanical models
+ able to reproduce and, hence, to predict the response of masonry
+ structures. In particular, the study is addressed to the modelling of
+ strengthened masonry structures in which the introduction of new types
+ of reinforcement, particularly the FRP (fibre-reinforced plastic)
+ materials, strongly affects the structural response through complex
+ interaction mechanisms between masonry and strengthening elements.
+ In this paper two different approaches able to model the behaviour of
+ un-reinforced and reinforced masonry structures are proposed. The first
+ one is based on a micro-mechanical and multiscale analysis combined with
+ the use of the kinematic and static theorems of the limit analysis; in
+ this case a rigid-perfectly plastic constitutive relationship is
+ considered for the masonry material and for the FRP-masonry interaction.
+ The second approach is based on the use of macroscopic models. In this
+ case, the constitutive relationship for the masonry material accounts
+ for the softening effect throughout the use of a smeared crack approach.
+ Moreover, different modelling strategies and constitutive laws are
+ adopted for the FRP-reinforcement addressing particular regard to the
+ delamination phenomenon.
+ Numerical computations are developed for un-strengthened and
+ FRP-strengthened masonry panels. The obtained results, in terms of the
+ global response of the examined panels, are compared with the data
+ available from experimental tests and interesting aspects are remarked.
+ (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sacco, E (Reprint Author), Univ Cassino, Dept Mech Struct \& Environm, Via G Di Biasio 43, I-03043 Cassino, Italy.
+ Grande, Ernesto; Sacco, Elio, Univ Cassino, Dept Mech Struct \& Environm, I-03043 Cassino, Italy.
+ Milani, Gabriele, Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.12.007}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{masonry; FRP reinforcement; constitutive modelling; structural analysis;
+ validation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HOMOGENIZED LIMIT ANALYSIS; INTERFACE MODEL; DAMAGE MODEL; WALLS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{sacco@unicas.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Milani, Gabriele/A-1020-2008
+ Milani, Gabriele/Q-5053-2016
+ Sacco, Elio/G-5349-2017
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Milani, Gabriele/0000-0001-5462-3420
+ Milani, Gabriele/0000-0001-5462-3420
+ Sacco, Elio/0000-0002-3948-4781
+ Grande, Ernesto/0000-0002-3651-1975}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{322AE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257346800005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000255379500003,
+Author = {Benseddiq, N. and Imad, A.},
+Title = {{A ductile fracture analysis using a local damage model}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{85}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{219-227}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{In this study, the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model is used to
+ investigate ductile tearing. The sensitivity of the model parameters has
+ been examined from literature data. Three types of parameters have been
+ reported: the ``constitutive parameters{''} q(1), q(2) and q(3), the
+ ``initial material and nucleation parameters{''} and the ``critical and
+ final failure parameters{''}. Each parameter in this model has been
+ analysed in terms of various results in the literature.
+ Both experimental and numerical results have been obtained for notched
+ round and CT specimens to characterize ductile failure in a NiCr steel
+ (12NC6) with a small initial void volume fraction f(0) (f(0) = 0.001\%).
+ Ductile crack growth, defined by the J-Delta a curve, has been correctly
+ simulated using the numerical calculations by adjusting the different
+ parameters of the GTN model in the calibration procedure. (C) 2007
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Benseddiq, N (Reprint Author), ENIVL, Lab Mecan \& Rheol Tours, Rue Chocolaterie, F-41000 Blois, France.
+ Benseddiq, N., ENIVL, Lab Mecan \& Rheol Tours, F-41000 Blois, France.
+ Imad, A., Ecole Polytech Univ Lille Cite Sci, USTL, CNRS, Lab Mecan Lille,UMR 8107, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijpvp.2007.09.003}},
+ISSN = {{0308-0161}},
+Keywords = {{ductile tearing; local damage; numerical simulation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{VOID GROWTH; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; GURSON MODEL; CRACK-GROWTH;
+ VERIFICATION; COALESCENCE; INITIATION; CRITERION; RUPTURE; BARS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{nbensedd@polytech-lille.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{294BQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255379500003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000253569700028,
+Author = {Dourado, N. and Morel, S. and de Moura, M. F. S. F. and Valentin, G. and
+ Morais, J.},
+Title = {{Comparison of fracture properties of two wood species through cohesive
+ crack simulations}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{415-427}},
+Abstract = {{In the present work fracture (Mode 1) was induced through three
+ point-bending tests in two wood species used in timber construction:
+ Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.).
+ Load-displacement curves were experimentally determined and
+ corresponding Resistance-curves (R-curves) obtained using an equivalent
+ linear elastic approach. An inverse method is presented to identify
+ cohesive crack properties of a cohesive crack bilinear model used to
+ simulate fracture in both wood species, combining experimental data and
+ a developed genetic algorithm. Good agreement between numerical and
+ experimental load-displacement and R-curves was obtained. Conclusions
+ are drawn from finite element simulations regarding the extent of the
+ numerical cohesive zone computed for each studied wood. (c) 2007
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Dourado, N (Reprint Author), UTAD, CETAV, Dept Engn Quinta Prados, P-5001911 Vila Real, Portugal.
+ Dourado, N.; Morais, J., UTAD, CETAV, Dept Engn Quinta Prados, P-5001911 Vila Real, Portugal.
+ Morel, S.; Valentin, G., Univ Bx1, CNRS, INRA, US2B, F-33612 Cestas, France.
+ de Moura, M. F. S. F., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.08.025}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{wood; fracture toughness; finite element analysis; cohesive damage model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; SURFACES; GEOMETRY; MODEL; SIZE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{nunoclou@gmail.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Morais, Jose/J-7900-2013
+ Dourado, Nuno/K-1409-2013
+ Morel, Stephane/B-2213-2014
+ de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Dourado, Nuno/0000-0002-0756-6854
+ de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759
+ Morais, Jose/0000-0001-5067-4183}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{268HD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253569700028}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000254112600011,
+Author = {Lopez, Carlos M. and Carol, Ignacio and Aguado, Antonio},
+Title = {{Meso-structural study of concrete fracture using interface elements. I:
+ numerical model and tensile behavior}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{583-599}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{A recently developed FE-based mesostructural model for the mechanical
+ behavior of heterogeneous quasi-brittle materials is used systematically
+ to analyze concrete specimens in 2D. The numerical model is based on the
+ use of zero-thickness interface elements equipped with a normal-shear
+ traction-separation constitutive law representing non-linear fracture,
+ which may be considered a mixed-mode generalization of Hillerborg's
+ ``Fictitious Crack Model.{''} Specimens with 4 x 4 and 6 x 6 arrays of
+ aggregates are discretized into finite elements. Interface elements are
+ inserted along the main lines in the mesh, representing potential crack
+ lines. The calculations presented in this paper consist of uniaxial
+ tension loading, and the continuum elements themselves are assumed to
+ behave as linear elastic. In this way, the influence of various aspects
+ of the heterogeneous geometry and interface parameters on the overall
+ specimen response has been investigated. These aspects are aggregate
+ volume fraction, type of arrangement and geometry, interface layout, and
+ values of the crack model parameters chosen for both the
+ aggregate-aggregate and matrix-aggregate interfaces. The results show a
+ good qualitative agreement with experimental observations and illustrate
+ the capabilities of the model. In the companion second part of the
+ paper, the model is used to represent other loading states such as
+ uniaxial compression, Brazilian test, or biaxial loading.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lopez, CM (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Catalonia, UPC, Sch Civil Engn, ETSECCPB, Campus Nord,Edif D2, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
+ Lopez, Carlos M.; Carol, Ignacio; Aguado, Antonio, Tech Univ Catalonia, UPC, Sch Civil Engn, ETSECCPB, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1617/s11527-007-9314-1}},
+ISSN = {{1359-5997}},
+Keywords = {{fracture mechanics; interface elements; mesostructural analysis;
+ concrete}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SHEAR LATTICE MODEL; BRITTLE MATERIALS; SPRING NETWORKS; RANDOM
+ GEOMETRY; DAMAGE; COMPRESSION; COMPOSITES; AGGREGATE; CRACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{carlos.maria.lopez@upc.edu
+ ignacio.carol@upc.edu
+ antonio.aguado@upc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Carol, Ignacio/H-9011-2015
+ Aguado, Antonio/I-1969-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Carol, Ignacio/0000-0002-1821-7203
+ }},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{49}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{276AD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000254112600011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000257010600008,
+Author = {Steglich, Dirk and Brocks, Wolfgang and Heerens, Juergen and Pardoen,
+ Thomas},
+Title = {{Anisotropic ductile fracture of Al 2024 alloys}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{3692-3706}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Note = {{Seminar on Microstructurally Aided Fracture Mechanisms, Brno, CZECH
+ REPUBLIC, JUN, 2007}},
+Organization = {{ESIS, Tech Comm Micromechanisms}},
+Abstract = {{The anisotropic fracture of the 2024-T351 aluminium alloy is
+ investigated using a micromechanics-based damage model accounting for
+ the effect of the void aspect ratio and void distribution. The 2024-T351
+ Al alloy contains precipitation free bands in which most void nucleating
+ particles are located. The presence of these bands, which are parallel
+ to the rolling direction, primarily controls the distribution of damage
+ and overall fracture anisotropy. The primary void nucleating particles
+ also present a preferential elongation in the rolling direction. These
+ key microstructural features have been determined using quantitative
+ characterisation methods. The effects of void shape and void spacing on
+ the fracture behaviour are elucidated by means of FE cell calculations.
+ FE simulations of cylindrical notched round bars loaded in different
+ orientations are made and compared with experimental data, allowing a
+ better understanding of the damage process as well as the limitations of
+ the modelling approach. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Steglich, D (Reprint Author), GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Mat Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
+ Steglich, Dirk; Brocks, Wolfgang; Heerens, Juergen, GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Mat Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
+ Pardoen, Thomas, Catholic Univ Louvain, IMAP, Dept Mat Sci \& Proc, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.04.008}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7315}},
+Keywords = {{metals; micromechanics; ductile fracture; void growth; aluminium;
+ anisotropic damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{VOID GROWTH; CRACK-GROWTH; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; ELLIPSOIDAL CAVITIES;
+ NONSPHERICAL VOIDS; STRESS TRIAXIALITY; APPROXIMATE MODELS;
+ GRAIN-BOUNDARY; PLASTIC SOLIDS; METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{dirk.steglich@gkss.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{317HL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257010600008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251635900007,
+Author = {Yokozeki, Tomohiro and Aoki, Yuichiro and Ogasawara, Toshio},
+Title = {{Experimental characterization of strength and damage resistance
+ properties of thin-ply carbon fiber/toughened epoxy laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{82}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{382-389}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Composite laminates manufactured from thin-ply prepregs are expected to
+ have superior damage resistance properties compared to those from
+ standard prepregs. Although the use of thin-ply prepregs leads to
+ increase in manufacturing cost, the damage resistance properties against
+ matrix cracking and delamination increase. This study investigates
+ several strength properties as well as the damage resistance properties
+ of carbon fiber/toughened epoxy composite laminates for the
+ applicability of thin-ply prepregs to aircraft structures. Specifically,
+ compressive strengths of open hole laminates (OHC strength) and
+ laminates after impact loadings (CAI strength) are investigated by the
+ comparison of results between laminates manufactured from the thin-ply
+ prepregs and the standard prepregs. It is shown that laminates using
+ thin-ply prepregs have superior strength compared to those using
+ standard prepregs. It is expected that the design limit of composite
+ aircraft structures increase by using thin-ply prepregs. (c) 2007
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yokozeki, T (Reprint Author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Aerosp Technol, Adv Composite Technol Ctr, 6-13-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
+ Yokozeki, Tomohiro; Aoki, Yuichiro; Ogasawara, Toshio, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Aerosp Technol, Adv Composite Technol Ctr, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.01.015}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{laminates; strength; compression; thin-ply prepreg}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPRESSION-AFTER-IMPACT; OPEN HOLE; COMPOSITES; TOLERANCE; LOADINGS;
+ FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{yokozeki@aastr.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ogasawara, Toshio/O-1238-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ogasawara, Toshio/0000-0003-1074-0427}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{241DA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251635900007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000261029100003,
+Author = {Hu, N. and Zemba, Y. and Okabe, T. and Yan, C. and Fukunaga, H. and
+ Elmarakbi, A. M.},
+Title = {{A new cohesive model for simulating delamination propagation in
+ composite laminates under transverse loads}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{920-935}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, we propose a new cohesive model to stably and accurately
+ simulate the delamination propagations in composite laminates under
+ quasi-static and low-velocity impact transverse loads using
+ comparatively coarse meshes. In this model, a pre-softening zone ahead
+ of the existing traditional softening zone is proposed. In this
+ pre-softening zone, the initial stiffnesses and the interface strengths
+ at the integration points of cohesive elements are gradually reduced as
+ the corresponding effective relative displacements at these points
+ increase. However, the onset displacement corresponding to the onset
+ damage is not changed in this model. Moreover, the fracture toughness of
+ materials for determining the final displacement of complete decohesion
+ is kept constant. This cohesive model is implemented in the explicit
+ time integration scheme combined with a powerful three-dimensional (3D)
+ hybrid finite element for evaluating the delamination propagations on
+ interfaces in composite laminates. A DCB problem is employed to analyze
+ the characteristics of the present cohesive model. In order to reduce
+ the computational cost for dealing with more complex problems, a
+ stress-based criterion is also adopted in our numerical model for
+ evaluating various in-plane damages, such as matrix cracks, fiber
+ breakage, etc, Finally, two experimental examples are employed to
+ illustrate the validity of the present approach. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hu, N (Reprint Author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Aoba Ku, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
+ Hu, N.; Zemba, Y.; Okabe, T.; Fukunaga, H., Tohoku Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
+ Hu, N., Chongqing Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Chongqing 400030, Peoples R China.
+ Yan, C., Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Engn Syst, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
+ Elmarakbi, A. M., Univ Sunderland, Sch Comp \& Technol, Sunderland SR6 0DD, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechmat.2008.05.003}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+EISSN = {{1872-7743}},
+Keywords = {{Cohesive interface model; Laminate; Delamination; Finite element
+ analysis; Transverse loads; In-plane damages}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; FINITE-ELEMENT; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DAMAGE
+ PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{hu@ssl.mech.tohoku.ac.jp}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}50728504]; Japanese
+ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
+ {[}19360045]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is partly supported by the Award from Research Fund for
+ Overseas Chinese Young Scholars from National Natural Science Foundation
+ of China (No. 50728504), Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No.
+ 19360045) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
+ Science and Technology, and Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ
+ CSTC to N.H.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{374FR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261029100003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000260108700007,
+Author = {Hu, Ning and Shimomukai, Takahito and Fukunaga, Hisao and Su, Zhongqing},
+Title = {{Damage Identification of Metallic Structures Using A(0) Mode of Lamb
+ Waves}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{7}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{271-285}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{A Lamb wave-based technique was developed for detecting damages in
+ metallic structures, such as cracks and holes in metallic beams and
+ plates. For metallic structures with transverse cracks and holes, A(0)
+ mode of Lamb waves was employed due to its shorter wave length compared
+ with S-0 mode, which leads to high sensitivity to small damages. Two
+ kinds of excitation techniques for generating comparatively pure A(0)
+ mode using piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuators were
+ realized experimentally. In one technique, two PZT actuators with
+ applied out-of-phase voltages were attached on both sides of the
+ structures. While in the other technique, a kind of grease lubricant was
+ used between the bottom surface of one PZT actuator and the surface of
+ the specimens. Both techniques were able to enhance the component of
+ A(0) mode and reduce the component of S-0 mode effectively. Secondly, in
+ terms of the arrival time of the A(0) wave mode reflected from damages
+ obtained using the wavelet analysis, the positions of damages were
+ identified accurately. The above two techniques were then validated by
+ identifying the transverse cracks and holes in aluminum beams and
+ plates, respectively. Numerical simulations using the finite element
+ method (FEM) for the wave propagation in these structures with damages
+ were carried out. The obtained experimental and numerical results
+ demonstrate that it is possible to identify damage position very
+ accurately by using only sensor data of defective structures without
+ referring benchmark signals (sensor data of intact structures).}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hu, N (Reprint Author), Chongqing Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Chongqing 400011, Peoples R China.
+ Hu, Ning, Chongqing Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Chongqing 400011, Peoples R China.
+ Hu, Ning; Shimomukai, Takahito; Fukunaga, Hisao, Tohoku Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
+ Su, Zhongqing, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1475921708090566}},
+ISSN = {{1475-9217}},
+Keywords = {{Lamb wave; A(0) mode; metallic structures; damage identification; FEM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TRANSDUCERS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{hu@ssl.mech.tohoku.ac.jp}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{CHEN, Jiangang/A-1549-2011
+ SU, Zhongqing/G-9560-2015}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{AFOSR {[}FA4869-06-1-0076]; National Natural Science Foundation of China
+ {[}50728504]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science
+ and Technology {[}19360045]; CQ CSTC}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is partly supported by the Award from AFOSR (No.
+ FA4869-06-1-0076), Research Fund for Overseas Chinese Young Scholars
+ from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50728504),
+ Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 19360045) from the Japanese
+ Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and
+ Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC to N. H.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{361DW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000260108700007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000257572800006,
+Author = {Uthaisangsuk, V. and Prahl, U. and Muenstermann, S. and Bleck, W.},
+Title = {{Experimental and numerical failure criterion for formability prediction
+ in sheet metal forming}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{43-50}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{16th International Workshop on Computational Mechanics of Materials,
+ Lublin, POLAND, SEP 25-26, 2006}},
+Abstract = {{As failure criterion for sheet metal forming, conventional forming limit
+ diagrams (FLD) are often used. The FLD is a strain based criterion,
+ which evaluates the principal deformations at failure. Different
+ investigations show that the FLD is dependent on the forming history and
+ strain path. However, this is not the case for forming limit stress
+ diagrams (FLSD). For this failure criterion, the principal stresses at
+ failure are determined by FEM simulation of the Nakazima-test. Both, the
+ FLD and the FLSD experimental investigations provide the basis for the
+ sheet metal failure criterion. In contrast, continuum damage mechanics
+ describe the damage evolution in the microstructure with physical
+ equations, so that crack initiation due to mechanical loading can be
+ predicted. By using the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage
+ mechanical model, a failure criterion based on void evolution was
+ examined in this work. The parameter identification for the damage model
+ will be discussed. The investigations demonstrate that FLD is
+ inapplicable for complex forming processes with strain path changes. The
+ FLSD is better suitable than the FLD for multi step forming processes.
+ Micro-mechanical damage modelling with the GTN model also shows
+ acceptable formability predictions, in spite of its generally
+ insufficient consideration of the effective deviatoric stress fractions.
+ The quality of failure prediction using continuum damage mechanics
+ models is able to be increased by applying a more suitable damage models
+ and a modern overall-scale modelling approach. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Uthaisangsuk, V (Reprint Author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Ferrous Met, Intzestr I, D-52072 Aachen, Germany.
+ Uthaisangsuk, V.; Prahl, U.; Muenstermann, S.; Bleck, W., Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Ferrous Met, D-52072 Aachen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.commatsci.2007.07.036}},
+ISSN = {{0927-0256}},
+Keywords = {{forming limit diagram; forming limit stress diagram; failure criterion;
+ formability; continuum damage mechanics; GTN model; sheet metal forming}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DUCTILE MATERIALS; NUCLEATION; FRACTURE; VOIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{uthai@iehk.rwth-aachen.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Munstermann, Sebastian/E-5480-2012
+ Prahl, Ulrich/D-5118-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Munstermann, Sebastian/0000-0002-6251-2429
+ Prahl, Ulrich/0000-0001-6978-5721}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{325FA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257572800006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000260267100017,
+Author = {Beck, Tilmann and Herzog, Roland and Trunova, Olena and Offermann,
+ Marita and Steinbrech, Rolf W. and Singheiser, Lorenz},
+Title = {{Damage mechanisms and lifetime behavior of plasma-sprayed thermal
+ barrier coating systems for gas turbines - Part II: Modeling}},
+Journal = {{SURFACE \& COATINGS TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{202}},
+Number = {{24}},
+Pages = {{5901-5908}},
+Month = {{AUG 15}},
+Abstract = {{A phenomenological lifetime prediction tool for plasma-sprayed ZrO(2)
+ based thermal barrier coating systems with MCrAlY bondcoat is presented,
+ The analytical model uses a two step approach for Calculating the
+ development of delamination cracks: The initial crack growth is
+ considered to be proportional to the thickness of the thermally grown
+ oxide (TGO) scale on the bondcoat. After exceeding a Critical TGO
+ thickness, crack propagation is governed by linear elastic fracture
+ mechanics taking into account stresses induced by thermal mismatch and
+ by TGO growth. Validation using experimental data from thermal cycling
+ tests with high temperature dwell times from few seconds up to 96 h gave
+ evidence of the good predictive quality of the model. (C) 2008 Elsevier
+ B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Beck, T (Reprint Author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energieforsch IEF 2, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
+ Beck, Tilmann; Herzog, Roland; Trunova, Olena; Offermann, Marita; Steinbrech, Rolf W.; Singheiser, Lorenz, Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energieforsch IEF 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
+ Herzog, Roland, MAN Turbo AG, Oberhausen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.06.132}},
+ISSN = {{0257-8972}},
+Keywords = {{Thermal barrier coating; Thermal cycling; Lifetime prediction; TGO
+ growth; Crack propagation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EB-PVD TBCS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MCRALY COATINGS;
+ STRESS STATE; GROWN OXIDE; MICROSTRUCTURE; DELAMINATION; CRACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Coatings \& Films; Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{t.beck@fz-juelich.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Beck, Tilmann/C-9511-2017}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{German Research Foundation; German Federal Ministry of Economics and
+ Technology}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors thank the German Research Foundation and the German Federal
+ Ministry of Economics and Technology for funding the presented work
+ within the Collaborative Research Center 370 and the research project
+ MARCKO - Thermal Barrier Coating Systems, respectively.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Surf. Coat. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{363KV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000260267100017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000258021800014,
+Author = {Xiang, Jiawei and Zhong, Yongteng and Chen, Xuefeng and He, Zhengjia},
+Title = {{Crack detection in a shaft by combination of wavelet-based elements and
+ genetic algorithm}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{45}},
+Number = {{17}},
+Pages = {{4782-4795}},
+Month = {{AUG 15}},
+Abstract = {{A new crack detection method is proposed for detecting crack location
+ and depth in a shaft. Rotating Rayleigh-Euler and Rayleigh-Timoshenko
+ beam elements of B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) are constructed
+ to discretize slender shaft and stiffness disc, respectively. According
+ to linear fracture mechanics theory, the localized additional
+ flexibility in crack vicinity can be represented by a lumped parameter
+ element. The cracked shaft is modeled by wavelet-based elements to gain
+ precise frequencies. The first three measured frequencies are used in
+ crack detection process and the normalized crack location and depth are
+ detected by means of genetic algorithm. To investigate the robustness
+ and accuracy of the proposed method, some numerical examples and
+ experimental cases of cracked shaft are conducted. It is found that the
+ method is capable of detecting crack in a shaft. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xiang, JW (Reprint Author), Guilin Univ Elect Technol, Sch Mech Engn, 1 Jin Ji Rd, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China.
+ Xiang, Jiawei; Zhong, Yongteng, Guilin Univ Elect Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China.
+ Chen, Xuefeng; He, Zhengjia, Xian Jiaotong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.04.014}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{shaft; B-spline wavelet on the interval; wavelet-based elements; genetic
+ algorithm; crack detection}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{B-SPLINE WAVELET; FINITE-ELEMENT; DAMAGE DETECTION; NATURAL FREQUENCIES;
+ STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; VIBRATION MODES; ROTATING SHAFT; IDENTIFICATION;
+ BEAM; LOCATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{wxw8627@163.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xiang, Jiawei/G-1177-2011
+ zhong, yongteng/B-9097-2014}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{331OP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000258021800014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000255622100001,
+Author = {Zhu, Qizhi and Kondo, Djimedo and Shao, Jianfu and Pensee, Vincent},
+Title = {{Micromechanical modelling of anisotropic damage in brittle rocks and
+ application}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{45}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{467-477}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The present study deals with the formulation of a new micromechanical
+ model for anisotropic damage in brittle rocks and its numerical
+ implementation and application. The basic idea is to integrate Eshelby
+ solution-based homogenization approaches into the standard
+ thermodynamics framework for the description of inelastic deformation
+ contributed by microcracks; the anisotropic damage is coupled with
+ frictional sliding which occurs on closed cracks. The identification of
+ the micromechanical model requires only six parameters, each with a
+ clear physical meaning. Comparisons of the model's predictions with
+ experimental data are performed on both conventional and true triaxial
+ compression paths, respectively, for two granites. The proposed model is
+ implemented into the finite element software Abaqus. Its application to
+ an underground excavation problem shows that the proposed model is able
+ to describe general responses and damaged zone evolution due to
+ excavation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shao, JF (Reprint Author), USTL, CNRS, UMR 8107, Lab Mech Lille, Cite Sci, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Zhu, Qizhi; Kondo, Djimedo; Shao, Jianfu; Pensee, Vincent, USTL, CNRS, UMR 8107, Lab Mech Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.07.014}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+Keywords = {{damage; micromechanics; brittle rocks; microcracks; fracture; anisotropy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; WESTERLY GRANITE; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH;
+ ENERGY; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{jian-fu.shao@polytech-lille.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{zhu, qizhi/B-7101-2011
+ Zhu, Qizhi/E-4187-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{PENSEE, Vincent/0000-0002-6971-332X
+ zhu, qizhi/0000-0003-2749-4998
+ Zhu, Qizhi/0000-0003-2749-4998}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{297MZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255622100001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000257023000008,
+Author = {Xu, Jifeng and Askari, Abe and Weckner, Olaf and Silling, Stewart},
+Title = {{Peridynamic analysis of impact damage in composite laminates}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{21}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{187-194}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The traditional methods for analyzing deformation in structures attempt
+ to solve the partial differential equations of the classical theory of
+ continuum mechanics. Yet these equations, because they require the
+ partial derivatives of displacement to be known throughout the region
+ modeled, are in some ways unsuitable for the modeling of discontinuities
+ caused by damage, in which these derivatives fail to exist. As a means
+ of avoiding this limitation, the peridynamic model of solid mechanics
+ has been developed for applications involving discontinuities. The
+ objective of this method is to treat crack and fracture as just another
+ type of deformation, rather than as pathology that requires special
+ mathematical treatment. The peridynamic theory is based on integral
+ equations so there is no problem in applying the equations across
+ discontinuities. The peridynamic method has been applied successfully to
+ damage and failure analysis in composites. It predicts in detail the
+ delamination and matrix damage process in composite laminates due to low
+ velocity impact, and the simulation results of damage area correlates
+ very well with the experimental data.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xu, JF (Reprint Author), Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Bellevue, WA 98008 USA.
+ Xu, Jifeng; Askari, Abe; Weckner, Olaf, Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Bellevue, WA 98008 USA.
+ Silling, Stewart, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:3(187)}},
+ISSN = {{0893-1321}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; LONG-RANGE FORCES;
+ BALLISTIC IMPACT; SHELL STRUCTURES; SANDWICH PLATES; DELAMINATION;
+ SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{jifeng.xu@boeing.com
+ abe.askari@boeing.com
+ olaf.weckner@boeing.com
+ sasilli@sandia.gov}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Aerosp. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{317LZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257023000008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000261388200024,
+Author = {O'Higgins, R. M. and McCarthy, M. A. and McCarthy, C. T.},
+Title = {{Comparison of open hole tension characteristics of high strength glass
+ and carbon fibre-reinforced composite materials}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{68}},
+Number = {{13, SI}},
+Pages = {{2770-2778}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{An experimental study was carried out to determine the open hole tension
+ (OHT) characteristics of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and high
+ strength S2-glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP). Tests to failure and
+ percentages of ultimate load were carried out and non-destructive
+ techniques were used to map damage progression. it was found that the
+ CFRP OHT specimens were stronger, while the GFRP OHT specimens had
+ greater ultimate strain. However, damage progression mechanisms in the
+ two material systems were very similar. This is in contrast with
+ previous findings on E-glass composites, indicating that S2-glass FRP
+ notched failure behaviour is closer to a high-performance CFRP. Higher
+ levels of damage formation prior to failure were found to result in
+ higher OHT strength (S(OHT)). Blocked- ply stacking sequences were found
+ to give higher damage levels and SOHT than sub-laminate level stacking
+ sequences, and similar trends were found when laminate thickness was
+ reduced. Non-linear transverse behaviour in GFRP resulted in lower
+ levels of matrix cracking in OHT specimen 90 degrees plies, compared to
+ CFRP, providing a barrier to the growth of stress relieving axial splits
+ in 0 degrees plies. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{McCarthy, CT (Reprint Author), Univ Limerick, Dept Mech \& Aeronaut Engn, Mat \& Surface Sci Inst, Composites Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland.
+ O'Higgins, R. M.; McCarthy, M. A.; McCarthy, C. T., Univ Limerick, Dept Mech \& Aeronaut Engn, Mat \& Surface Sci Inst, Composites Res Ctr, Limerick, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.003}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Carbon fibres; Glass fibres; Fracture; Mechanical properties}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE-MECHANICS; NOTCHED-STRENGTH; FRACTURE; CRITERIA; PLATE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{conor.mccarthy@ul.ie}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{McCarthy, Conor/A-7815-2010
+ McCarthy, Michael/G-1848-2010
+ MA&BE, Department/A-5579-2012
+ Irish Centre for Composites, Research (ICOMP)/D-4887-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{McCarthy, Michael/0000-0002-5288-3613
+ McCarthy, conor/0000-0002-8711-9770
+ }},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (IRCSET)
+ {[}SC/02/191]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was funded by the Irish Research Council for Science,
+ Engineering and Technology (IRCSET) Basic Research Project Grant: A
+ Study of Damage Initiation and Growth in Composite Bolted joints;
+ Project No. SC/02/191. One author (R.M. O'Higgins) would like to
+ acknowledge the funding provided by the University of Limerick
+ Foundation H.T. Hallowell scholarship. The authors would like to thank
+ Mr. Declan Kenihan for his advice and help with the radiographs.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{379HV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261388200024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000260273300020,
+Author = {Qiao, Pizhong and Cao, Maosen},
+Title = {{Waveform fractal dimension for mode shape-based damage identification of
+ beam-type structures}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{45}},
+Number = {{22-23}},
+Pages = {{5946-5961}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{Mode shape-based structural damage identification has been a research
+ focus during the last couple of decades. Most of the existing methods
+ need a numerical or measured baseline mode shape serving as a reference
+ to identify damage, and this requirement extremely limits the
+ practicability of the methods. Recently, waveform fractal dimension such
+ as Katz's waveform fractal dimension (KWD) has been explored and applied
+ to mode shape for crack identification without a baseline requirement.
+ In this study, different from the popular KWD, an approximate waveform
+ capacity dimension (AWCD) is formulated first, from which an AWCD-based
+ modal abnormality algorithm (AWCD-MAA) is systematically established.
+ Then, the basic characteristics of AWCD-MAA on abnormality detection of
+ mode shapes, e.g., crack localization, crack quantification, noise
+ immunity, etc., are investigated based on an analytical crack model of
+ cantilever beams using linear elastic fracture mechanics. In particular,
+ from the perspective of isomorphism, a mathematical solution on the use
+ of applying waveform fractal dimension to higher mode shapes for crack
+ identification is originally proposed, from which the inherent
+ deficiency of waveform fractal dimension to identify crack when
+ implemented to higher mode shapes is overcome. The applicability and
+ effectiveness of the AWCD-MAA is validated by an experimental program on
+ damage identification of a cracked composite cantilever beam using smart
+ piezoelectric sensors/actuators (i.e., Piezoelectric
+ lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)). The
+ proposed AWCD-MAA provides a novel, viable method for crack
+ identification of beam-type structures without baseline requirement, and
+ it largely expands the scope of fractal in structural health monitoring
+ applications. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Qiao, PZ (Reprint Author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Qiao, Pizhong; Cao, Maosen, Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Qiao, Pizhong; Cao, Maosen, Washington State Univ, Wood Mat \& Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Qiao, Pizhong; Cao, Maosen, Hohai Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Coll Civil Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
+ Cao, Maosen, Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Hydraul \& Civil Engn, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.07.006}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Mode shape; Waveform; Fractal dimension; Isomorphism; Vibration; Beam;
+ Crack model; Damage identification; Structural health monitoring; Smart
+ piezoelectric sensors and actuators}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ALGORITHMS; SOUNDS; PLATES; LUNG}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Qiao@wsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Pizhong/A-3382-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Pizhong/0000-0003-2769-0147}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Alaska University Transportation Center (AUTC) {[}DTRT06-G-0011]; Wood
+ Materials Engineering Laboratory (WMEL); Ministry of Education of the
+ People's Republic of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China
+ {[}50608027]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study is partially supported by the Alaska University
+ Transportation Center (AUTC) (Contract/Grant No.: DTRT06-G-0011) on
+ Smart FRP Composite Sandwich Bridge Decks in Cold Regions and the Wood
+ Materials Engineering Laboratory (WMEL) at Washington State University.
+ The first author (P.Q.) thanks the Changjiang Scholar Award from the
+ Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China; while the
+ second author (M.C.) would also like to acknowledge the support from the
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 50608027).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{363NF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000260273300020}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264560500015,
+Author = {Yin, Tao and Rong, Min Zhi and Wu, Jingshen and Chen, Haibin and Zhang,
+ Ming Qiu},
+Title = {{Healing of impact damage in woven glass fabric reinforced epoxy
+ composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1479-1487}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Woven glass fabric reinforced epoxy composite laminates were provided
+ with crack healing capability by pre-dispersing a novel repair system in
+ the composites' matrix. The healing agent consisted of epoxy-loaded
+ microcapsules and latent hardener CuBr(2)(2-MeIm)(4) (the complex of
+ CuBr(2) and 2-methylimidazole). Compression after impact (CAI) tests
+ were conducted to evaluate mechanical performance of the laminates
+ before and after crack healing. Moreover, healing efficiency was studied
+ as a function of impact energy, repair pressure, content and size of the
+ microencapsulated epoxy. The experimental results indicated that the
+ healing agent worked in repairing matrix cracks generated by impact. The
+ composites should be heated to 140 degrees C for 0.5 h to achieve
+ healing and moderate pressure was needed to close larger crack damage
+ for good healing. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, MQ (Reprint Author), Zhongshan Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
+ Zhang, Ming Qiu, Zhongshan Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
+ Wu, Jingshen; Chen, Haibin, Hong Kong Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Yin, Tao; Rong, Min Zhi, Zhongshan Univ, Sch Chem \& Chem Engn, OFCM Inst, Minist Educ,Key Lab Polymer Composite \& Funct Mat, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.05.010}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Smart materials; Mechanical properties}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; FATIGUE CRACKS; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; POLYMER
+ COMPOSITE; SELF-REPAIR; RETARDATION; COMPRESSION; PERFORMANCE;
+ PREDICTION; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{ceszmq@mail.sysu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Science Foundation of China {[}50573093, U0634001]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful to the support of the Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (Grants: 50573093, U0634001).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{424IN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264560500015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000255473200017,
+Author = {Zhong, Wenhui and Yao, Wu},
+Title = {{Influence of damage degree on self-healing of concrete}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{22}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1137-1142}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The paper presents experimental results of self-healing process of
+ concrete damaged at different ages. Essentially, the self-healing of
+ damaged concrete is processes of crack closing with re-hydration
+ products of unhydrated or insufficiently-hydrated cementitious particles
+ in damaged regions. Damage degree was measured from decrease in
+ ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) before and after loading, and the
+ self-healing effect was deduced from the strength increment after
+ self-healing by introducing a self-healing ratio. The relationship
+ between damage degree and self-healing ratio of concrete was built based
+ upon the experimental results. Analyses of test results show that there
+ exists a damage threshold both for high strength concrete and normal
+ strength concrete. When the damage degree is less than the threshold,
+ the self-healing ratio of concrete is increased with the increase in
+ damage degree; while the damage degree exceeds the threshold, the
+ self-healing ratio is decreased with the increase in damage degree. The
+ damage threshold for normal strength concrete is higher than that for
+ high strength concrete. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yao, W (Reprint Author), Tongji Univ, Mat Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
+ Zhong, Wenhui; Yao, Wu, Tongji Univ, Mat Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.02.006}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{concrete; self-healing; hydration}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PERMEABILITY; MORTAR; CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yaowuk@mail.tongji.edu.cn}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{295KK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255473200017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000259252300006,
+Author = {Qiao, Pizhong and Yang, Mijia and Bobaru, Florin},
+Title = {{Impact mechanics and high-energy absorbing materials: Review}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{21}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{235-248}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper a review of impact mechanics and high-energy absorbing
+ materials is presented. We review different theoretical models
+ (rigid-body dynamics, elastic, shock, and plastic wave propagation, and
+ nonclassical or nonlocal models) and computational methods
+ (finite-element, finite-difference, and mesh-free methods) used in
+ impact mechanics. Some recent developments in numerical simulation of
+ impact (e.g., peridynamics) and new design concepts proposed as high
+ energy absorbing materials (lattice and truss structures, hybrid
+ sandwich composites, metal foams, magnetorheological fluids, porous
+ shape memory alloys) are discussed. Recent studies on experimental
+ evaluation and constitutive modeling of strain rate-dependent polymer
+ matrix composites are also presented. Impact damage on composite
+ materials in aerospace engineering is discussed along with future
+ research needs. A particular example for the design of a sandwich
+ material as an impact mitigator is given in more detail. This brief
+ review is intended to help the readers in identifying starting points
+ for research in modeling and simulation of impact problems and in
+ designing energy absorbing materials and structures.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Qiao, PZ (Reprint Author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Qiao, Pizhong, Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Qiao, Pizhong, Washington State Univ, Wood Mat \& Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Yang, Mijia, Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
+ Bobaru, Florin, Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:4(235)}},
+ISSN = {{0893-1321}},
+EISSN = {{1943-5525}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FREE GALERKIN METHODS; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; FINITE-ELEMENT
+ SIMULATION; METAL SANDWICH PLATES; LONG-RANGE FORCES; CRACK-TIP FIELDS;
+ DYNAMIC FRACTURE; STRAIN-RATE; MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS; TOPOLOGY
+ OPTIMIZATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{qiao@wsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yang, Mijia/B-1847-2008
+ Bobaru, Florin/J-2167-2012
+ Qiao, Pizhong/A-3382-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Yang, Mijia/0000-0002-5781-8765
+ Bobaru, Florin/0000-0002-9954-6489
+ Qiao, Pizhong/0000-0003-2769-0147}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{151}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{123}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Aerosp. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{349AX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000259252300006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000253564400002,
+Author = {Polanco-Loria, M. and Hopperstad, O. S. and Borvik, T. and Berstad, T.},
+Title = {{Numerical predictions of ballistic limits for concrete slabs using a
+ modified version of the HJC concrete model}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{290-303}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Some modifications to the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) model (1993) for
+ concrete under impact loading conditions are proposed. First, the
+ pressure-shear behaviour is enhanced by including the influence of the
+ third deviatoric stress invariant to take into account the substantial
+ shear strength difference between the tensile and compressive meridians.
+ Second, the modelling of strain-rate sensitivity is slightly changed so
+ that the strain-rate enhancement factor goes to unity for zero strain
+ rate. Third, three damage variables describing the tensile cracking,
+ shear cracking and pore compaction mechanisms are introduced. A critical
+ review of the constitutive model with alternative proposals for
+ parameter identification is given. The model parameters are obtained for
+ two concrete qualities, and perforation of concrete slabs is considered
+ numerically and compared with experimental results from the literature.
+ Ballistic limit assessments with deviations under 8\% when compared to
+ the experimental results are obtained, indicating that the modified
+ version of the HJC concrete model represents a good compromise between
+ simplicity and accuracy for large-scale computations of concrete plates
+ impacted by projectiles. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Polanco-Loria, M (Reprint Author), SINTEF Mat \& Chem, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
+ Polanco-Loria, M.; Berstad, T., SINTEF Mat \& Chem, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
+ Hopperstad, O. S.; Borvik, T., Norwegian Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Struct Engn, Struct Impact Lab SIMLab, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
+ Borvik, T., Norwegian Def Estates Agcy, Dept Res \& Dev, N-0103 Oslo, Norway.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.03.001}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3509}},
+Keywords = {{concrete plates; projectile perforation; elastic-viscoplastic model;
+ isotropic damage; numerical simulations}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED-CONCRETE; IMPACT; PLATES; PENETRATION; BEHAVIOR; TARGETS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mario.polanco@sintef.no}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{268FL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253564400002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000255805800018,
+Author = {Xu, F. and Aravas, N. and Sofronis, P.},
+Title = {{Constitutive modeling of solid propellant materials with evolving
+ microstructural damage}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{56}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{2050-2073}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Solid propellants are composite materials with complex microstructure.
+ In a generic form, the material consists of polymeric binder, crystal
+ oxidizer (e.g., ammonium perchlorate), and fuel particles (e.g.,
+ aluminum). Severe stressing and extreme temperatures induce damage which
+ is manifested in particle cracking, dewetting along particle/polymer
+ interfaces, void nucleation and growth. Damage complicates the overall
+ constitutive response of a solid propellant over and above the
+ complexities associated with the differing constitutive properties of
+ the particle and binder phases. Using rigorous homogenization theory for
+ composite materials, we propose a general 3-D nonlinear macroscopic
+ constitutive law that models microstructural damage evolution upon
+ straining through continuous void formation and growth. The law
+ addresses the viscous deformation rate within the framework of additive
+ decomposition of the deformation rate and the concept of back stress is
+ used to improve the model performance in stress relaxation. No
+ restriction is placed on the magnitude of the strains. Experimental data
+ from the standard relaxation and uniaxial tension tests are used to
+ calibrate the model parameters in the case of a high elongation solid
+ propellant. It is emphasized that the model parameters are descriptors
+ of individual phase constitutive response and criticality conditions for
+ particle decohesion which can systematically be determined through
+ experiment. The model is used to predict the response of the material
+ under more complex loading paths and to investigate the effect of crack
+ tip damage on the mechanical behavior of a compact tension fracture
+ specimen. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sofronis, P (Reprint Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Engn Sci \& Mech, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Xu, F.; Sofronis, P., Univ Illinois, Dept Engn Sci \& Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Aravas, N., Univ Thessaly, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Volos 38334, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2007.10.013}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{viscoelastic; homogenization; constitutive law; void; particle dewetting}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EFFECTIVE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGH-PRESSURE
+ BEHAVIOR; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; GROWING DAMAGE; PLASTIC SPIN;
+ NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; PREDICTIVE MODEL; DEFORMATION; STRESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{sofronis@uiuc.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{300DZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255805800018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000254966000013,
+Author = {Sima, Jose Fernando and Roca, Pere and Molins, Climent},
+Title = {{Cyclic constitutive model for concrete}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{30}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{695-706}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{A constitutive model for concrete subjected to cyclic loadings in both
+ compression and tension is presented. The proposed model is intended to
+ provide improvements on modelling the cyclic behaviour of concrete
+ structures in the context of computational programs based on a smeared
+ crack approach. Particular emphasis has been paid to the description of
+ the strength and stiffness degradation produced by the load cycling in
+ both tension and compression, the shape of unloading and reloading
+ curves and the transition between opening and closing of cracks. Two
+ independent damage parameters in compression and in tension have been
+ introduced to model the concrete degradation due to increasing loads. In
+ the case of cyclic compressive loading, the model has been derived from
+ experimental results obtained by other authors by considering the
+ dependency of the cyclic variables with the damage level attained by the
+ concrete. In the case of cyclic tension a simple model is adopted based
+ on experimental observations. The main novelty of the proposed
+ constitutive model lays in the fact that all the required input data can
+ be obtained through the conventional monotonic compression and tension
+ tests. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sima, JF (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Construct Engn, Barcelona, Spain.
+ Sima, Jose Fernando; Roca, Pere; Molins, Climent, Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Construct Engn, Barcelona, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.05.005}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{reinforced concrete; constitutive model; cyclic load; damage; cracking}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS-STRAIN MODEL; CONFINED CONCRETE; DAMAGE MODEL; BEHAVIOR;
+ COMPRESSION; ELEMENTS; SHEAR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{jose.fernando.sima@upc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Molins, Climent/B-9138-2015
+ Roca, Pere/F-5943-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Molins, Climent/0000-0001-8292-0473
+ Roca, Pere/0000-0001-5400-5817}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{288DI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000254966000013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000258022400011,
+Author = {Fournier, B. and Sauzay, M. and Caes, C. and Noblecourt, M. and Mottot,
+ M. and Bougault, A. and Rabeau, V. and Man, J. and Gillia, O. and
+ Lemoine, P. and Pineau, A.},
+Title = {{Creep-fatigue-oxidation interactions in a 9Cr-1Mo martensitic steel.
+ Part III: Lifetime prediction}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{30}},
+Number = {{10-11}},
+Pages = {{1797-1812}},
+Month = {{OCT-NOV}},
+Abstract = {{A model devoted to the prediction of the high temperature creep-fatigue
+ lifetime of modified 9Cr-Mo martensitic steels is proposed. This model
+ is built on the basis of the physical mechanisms responsible for damage
+ due to the interaction of creep, fatigue and oxidation. These mechanisms
+ were identified thanks to detailed observations previously reported in
+ part I and part 11 of this study. These observations led to the
+ distinction of two main domains, corresponding to two distinct types of
+ interaction between creep, fatigue and oxidation. As no intergranular
+ creep damage can be observed in the tested loading range, the proposed
+ modelling consists in the prediction of the number of cycles necessary
+ for the initiation and the propagation of transgranular fatigue cracks.
+ Propagation rate measurements under high stress low-cycle fatigue
+ conditions were carried out to calibrate the Tomkins model used to
+ predict the life spent in crack propagation, whereas the initiation
+ stage is predicted using the model proposed by Tanaka and Mura. The
+ predictions obtained compare very favorably with the experimental
+ creep-fatigue lifetimes. Finally the extrapolations and limits of the
+ model are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fournier, B (Reprint Author), CEA, DEN, DANS, DMN SRMA, Bat 455, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
+ Fournier, B.; Sauzay, M.; Caes, C.; Noblecourt, M.; Mottot, M.; Bougault, A.; Rabeau, V., CEA, DEN, DANS, DMN SRMA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
+ Pineau, A., CNRS, UMR 7633, Ctr Mat PM Fourt, ENSMP, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Lemoine, P., DRT LITEN DTH LTH, CEA GRENOBLE, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
+ Man, J., Inst Phys Mat ASCR, Brno 61662, Czech Republic.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.02.006}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{creep-fatigue; oxidation; lifetime prediction; modelling; high
+ temperature; 9-12\%Cr martensitic steels}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE FATIGUE; CRACK-PROPAGATION; FERRITIC
+ STEEL; STAINLESS-STEELS; HYSTERESIS LOOPS; BEHAVIOR; STRAIN; GROWTH;
+ DEFORMATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{benjamin.fournier@cea.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Man, Jiri/B-2934-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{82}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{331OV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000258022400011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000253178200010,
+Author = {Choi, I. S. and Dao, M. and Suresh, S.},
+Title = {{Mechanics of indentation of plastically graded materials - I: Analysis}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{56}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{157-171}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{The introduction of controlled gradients in plastic properties is known
+ to influence the resistance to damage and cracking at contact surfaces
+ in many tribological applications. In order to assess potentially
+ beneficial effects of plastic property gradients in tribological
+ applications, it is essential first to develop a comprehensive and
+ quantitative understanding of the effects of yield strength and strain
+ hardening exponent on contact deformation under the most fundamental
+ contact condition: normal indentation. To date, however, systematic and
+ quantitative studies of plasticity gradient effects on indentation
+ response have not been completed. A comprehensive parametric study of
+ the mechanics of normal indentation of plastically graded materials was
+ therefore undertaken in this work by recourse to finite element method
+ (FEM) computations. On the basis of a large number of computational
+ simulations, a general methodology for assessing instrumented
+ indentation response of plastically graded materials is formulated so
+ that quantitative interpretations of depth-sensing indentation
+ experiments could be performed. The specific case of linear variation in
+ yield strength with depth below the indented surface is explored in
+ detail. Universal dimensionless functions are extracted from FEM
+ simulations so as to predict the indentation load versus depth of
+ penetration curves for a wide variety of plastically graded engineering
+ metals and alloys for interpretation of, and comparisons with,
+ experimental results. Furthermore, the effect of plasticity gradient on
+ the residual indentation pile-up profile is systematically studied. The
+ computations reveal that pile-up of the graded alloy around the
+ indenter, for indentation with increasing yield strength beneath the
+ surface, is noticeably higher than that for the two homogeneous
+ reference materials that constitute the bounding conditions for the
+ graded material. Pile-up is also found to be an increasing function of
+ yield strength gradient and a decreasing function of frictional
+ coefficient. The stress and plastic strain distributions under the
+ indenter tip with and without plasticity gradient are also examined to
+ rationalize the predicted trends. In Part 11 of this paper, we compare
+ the predictions of depth-sensing indentation and pile-up response with
+ experiments on a specially made, graded model Ni-W alloy with controlled
+ gradients in nanocrystalline grain size. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Suresh, S (Reprint Author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
+ Choi, I. S.; Dao, M.; Suresh, S., MIT, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2007.07.007}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{indentation; finite element method; plastically graded materials;
+ pile-up; hardness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; CONICAL INDENTATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS;
+ REPRESENTATIVE STRAIN; INVERSE ANALYSIS; SHARP INDENTERS;
+ NANOINDENTATION; DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION; RELAXATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{ssuresh@mit.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dao, Ming/B-1602-2008
+ Suresh, Subra/B-8289-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Dao, Ming/0000-0001-5372-385X
+ Suresh, Subra/0000-0002-6223-6831}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{54}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{262WH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253178200010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000251760000003,
+Author = {Noroozi, A. H. and Glinka, G. and Lambert, S.},
+Title = {{Prediction of fatigue crack growth under constant amplitude loading and
+ a single overload based on elasto-plastic crack tip stresses and strains}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{188-206}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{it is generally accepted that the fatigue crack growth (FCG) depends
+ mainly on the stress intensity factor range (Delta K) and the maximum
+ stress intensity factor (K-max). The two parameters are usually combined
+ into one expression called often as the driving force and many various
+ driving forces have been proposed up to date. The driving force can be
+ successful as long as the stress intensity factors are appropriately
+ correlated with the actual elasto-plastic crack tip stress-strain field.
+ However, the correlation between the stress intensity factors and the
+ crack tip stress-strain field is often influenced by residual stresses
+ induced in due course.
+ A two-parameter (Delta K-tot, K-max,K-tot) driving force based on the
+ elasto-plastic crack tip stress-strain history has been proposed. The
+ applied stress intensity factors (Delta K-appl, K-max,K-appl) were
+ modified to the total stress intensity factors (Delta K-tot,
+ K-max,K-tot) in order to account for the effect of the local crack tip
+ stresses and strains on fatigue crack growth. The FCG was predicted by
+ simulating the stress-strain response in the material volume adjacent to
+ the crack tip and estimating the accumulated fatigue damage. The fatigue
+ crack growth was regarded as a process of successive crack
+ re-initiations in the crack tip region. The model was developed to
+ predict the effect of the mean and residual stresses induced by the
+ cyclic loading. The effect of variable amplitude loadings on FCG can be
+ also quantified on the basis of the proposed model. A two-parameter
+ driving force in the form of. Delta kappa = K-max, tot(p) Delta
+ K-tot((l-p)) was derived based on the local stresses and strains at the
+ crack tip and the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) fatigue damage parameter: D
+ = sigma(max)Delta epsilon/2. The effect of the internal (residual)
+ stress induced by the reversed cyclic plasticity manifested itself in
+ the change of the resultant (total) stress intensity factors controlling
+ the fatigue crack growth.
+ The model was verified using experimental fatigue crack growth data for
+ aluminum alloy 7075-T6 obtained under constant amplitude loading and a
+ single overload. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Noroozi, AH (Reprint Author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
+ Noroozi, A. H.; Glinka, G.; Lambert, S., Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.03.024}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{two-parameter driving force; fatigue crack growth; stress ratio; driving
+ force; single overload}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WEIGHT-FUNCTIONS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DRIVING-FORCE; NOTCH ROOT; PARAMETER;
+ THRESHOLD}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{hnoroozi@uwaterloo.ca}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{242XR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000251760000003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000253251800002,
+Author = {David-West, O. S. and Nash, D. H. and Banks, W. M.},
+Title = {{An experimental study of damage accumulation in balanced CFRP laminates
+ due to repeated impact}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{83}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{247-258}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{The behaviour of balanced laminates (symmetric, antisymmetric and
+ asymmetric) under repeated low energy hits of a 12.1 mm hemispheric
+ impactor was evaluated. The resistance to the impulsive force was found
+ to be influenced by the stacking sequence and the crack path through the
+ laminate. The symmetric plate with different ply directions proved to
+ have best resistance to impact. The rate of damage progression in the
+ event was characterised by an equation from the energy profile that
+ correlates the propagation energy and time. This was differentiated to
+ give the rate of damage evolution. A comparison of the bending stiffness
+ obtained from the force-displacement plot of the first impact, revealed
+ that the symmetric composite had the highest stiffness. Noted at
+ perforation were fibre breakage and matrix cracking. (C) 2007 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Banks, WM (Reprint Author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, 75 Montrose St, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland.
+ David-West, O. S.; Nash, D. H.; Banks, W. M., Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.04.015}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{stiffness; damage progression; laminates; transient response; contact
+ time; impact resistance}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; COMPOSITE PLATES; EPOXY COMPOSITE; CARBON;
+ DELAMINATION; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{bill.banks@strath.ac.uk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{263YG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253251800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000260237800010,
+Author = {Castaings, M. and Hosten, B.},
+Title = {{Ultrasonic guided waves for health monitoring of high-pressure composite
+ tanks}},
+Journal = {{NDT \& E INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{648-655}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Ultrasonic guided wave modes are proposed to control the integrity of
+ high-pressure composite tanks produced by EADS-ASTRIUM, France. The
+ purpose is to demonstrate the potentiality of air-coupled transducers to
+ set Lip a contact-less, single-sided technique for testing the moisture
+ content and/or the micro-cracking of carbon-epoxy composite wound around
+ a Titanium liner. Although guided waves have been experimentally
+ propagated on a real tank, it was not allowed to damage this specimen.
+ Therefore, plates made of similar composite materials than that
+ Constituting the tank winding were Submitted to water intake or to
+ thermal stresses. After immersing some plates in a humid chamber, it was
+ demonstrated that the attenuation of the A(0) guided wave mode is
+ sensitive to the moisture content. Other plate samples were Submitted to
+ immersion in liquid nitrogen that induces transversal cracks shown to
+ cause significant drops in the celerity of several guided waves. Inverse
+ problems have been used for quantifying the effects of these damages on
+ the material properties, and they showed that water intake increases the
+ imaginary part of the Coulomb moduli, while micro-cracking decreases all
+ the material stiffness moduli. Such changes in the material properties
+ have then been used as input data for simulating waveforms corresponding
+ to the propagation Of Circumferential or longitudinal wave modes in the
+ tank. Changes in these waveforms, caused by simulated damages of the
+ composite winding of the tank, have been shown to be quite significant.
+ To conclude the study, an experimental sep-up using air-coupled
+ transducers was employed to generate-detect guided wave modes over large
+ distances in the real tank, with very good signal-to-noise ratios, thus
+ demonstrating the possibility of using Such elements for the
+ non-destructive testing of high-pressure composite tanks during their
+ lives. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Castaings, M (Reprint Author), Univ Bordeaux 1, Mecan Phys Lab, CNRS, UMR 5469, F-33405 Talence, France.
+ Castaings, M.; Hosten, B., Univ Bordeaux 1, Mecan Phys Lab, CNRS, UMR 5469, F-33405 Talence, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ndteint.2008.03.010}},
+ISSN = {{0963-8695}},
+Keywords = {{Guided waves; NDT; Ageing; Complex structures}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{m.castaings@lmp.u-bordeaux1.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EADS ASTRIUM, France; Conseil Regional Aquitain, France}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful to EADS ASTRIUM, France, for its financial and
+ technical support in this study, and also to the Conseil Regional
+ Aquitain, France, for its financial support.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{NDT E Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{363AH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000260237800010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000261110700004,
+Author = {Maimi, P. and Mayugo, J. A. and Camanho, P. P.},
+Title = {{A Three-dimensional Damage Model for Transversely Isotropic Composite
+ Laminates}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{25}},
+Pages = {{2717-2745}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{This article proposes a fully three-dimensional continuum damage model,
+ developed at the sub-ply level, to predict in an integrated way both the
+ intralaminar and the interlaminar failure mechanisms that occur in
+ laminated fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The constitutive model is
+ based on the assumption that the composite material is transversely
+ isotropic, and accounts for the effects of crack closure under load
+ reversal cycles. The damage model is implemented in an implicit finite
+ element code taking into account the requirement to ensure a
+ mesh-independent computation of the dissipated energy. The comparison
+ between the model predictions and published experimental data indicates
+ that the model can accurately predict the effects of transverse matrix
+ cracks on the residual stiffness of quasi-isotropic laminates, the
+ interaction between transverse matrix cracks and delamination, and final
+ failure of the laminate.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Camanho, P. P., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Maimi, P.; Mayugo, J. A., Univ Girona, AMADE, Girona, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/0021998308094965}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9983}},
+Keywords = {{fracture; damage mechanics; FEA}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-REINFORCED POLYESTER; STIFFNESS REDUCTION; DELAMINATION ANALYSIS;
+ CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; FAILURE CRITERIA; CRACKING; FRACTURE; GLASS;
+ MECHANICS; SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Balanzat, Josep Costa/C-1017-2014
+ Mayugo, Joan Andreu/C-3772-2009
+ Maimi, Pere/C-3581-2009
+ Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mayugo, Joan Andreu/0000-0001-8210-3529
+ Maimi, Pere/0000-0002-7350-1506
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of the Spanish government; Spanish
+ government through CICYT {[}TRA2006-15718-C02-01/TAIR]; Portuguese
+ Foundation for Science and Technology {[}PDCTE/50354/EME/2003]; Air
+ Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF
+ {[}FA8655-06-1-3072]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank Dipl.-Ing. Axel Fink Garcia and the
+ German Aerospace Center for providing the experimental data used in the
+ simulation of delamination.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{65}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Compos Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{375JT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261110700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000257572800002,
+Author = {de Borst, Rene},
+Title = {{Challenges in computational materials science: Multiple scales,
+ multi-physics and evolving discontinuities}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{1-15}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{16th International Workshop on Computational Mechanics of Materials,
+ Lublin, POLAND, SEP 25-26, 2006}},
+Abstract = {{Novel experimental possibilities together with improvements in computer
+ hardware as well as new concepts in computational mathematics and
+ mechanics - in particular multiscale methods - are now, in principle,
+ making it possible to derive and compute phenomena and material
+ parameters at a macroscopic level from processes that take place one to
+ several scales below. Because of this quest to analyse and quantify
+ material behaviour at ever lower scales, more often (evolving)
+ discontinuities have to be taken into account explicitly. Also, many
+ applications require that one or more diffusion-like phenomena are
+ considered in addition to a standard stress analysis. Accordingly,
+ multiscale analysis, multi-physics and the ability to explicitly and
+ accurately model evolving discontinuities are important challenges in
+ computational science, and further progress on these topics is
+ indispensible for an improved understanding of the behaviour and
+ properties of materials. In this contribution we will give an impression
+ of some developments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Borst, R (Reprint Author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, POB 5600, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
+ de Borst, Rene, Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
+ de Borst, Rene, INSA, CNRS, UMR 5514, LaMCos, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.commatsci.2007.07.022}},
+ISSN = {{0927-0256}},
+Keywords = {{multiscale analysis; multi-physics; discontinuities; finite element
+ method; fracture; phase transformation; porous medium}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EXTENDED FINITE-ELEMENT; QUASI-BRITTLE FRACTURE; FREE GALERKIN METHODS;
+ COHESIVE-ZONE MODELS; CRACK-GROWTH; STRAIN FIELDS; DAMAGE MODEL; VOID
+ GROWTH; CONTINUUM; PLASTICITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{R.d.Borst@tue.nl}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{72}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{325FA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000257572800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000256013900015,
+Author = {Berto, Luisa and Simioni, Paola and Saetta, Anna},
+Title = {{Numerical modelling of bond behaviour in RC structures affected by
+ reinforcement corrosion}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{30}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{1375-1385}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures leads to severe
+ degradation processes which usually affect both the ultimate and
+ serviceability limit state performance of the whole construction.
+ Numerical modelling of such a behaviour requires effective non linear
+ models able to capture all the main effects of corrosion (i.e. cracking,
+ reduction in bond strength, reduction in steel cross-section, bond
+ degradation, etc.). This paper discusses these topics by focusing on the
+ effects of corrosion on bond behaviour. In particular, a coupled
+ mechanical-environmental damage model is used to simulate the
+ deterioration of concrete (i.e. cover cracking and reduction of
+ mechanical properties), while the effects of corrosion on bond behaviour
+ have been dealt with using two different approaches, one based on a
+ ``frictional type{''} law and the other on a ``damage type{''} law. A
+ comparison between experimental pull-out test data and numerical results
+ verifies that the proposed procedures can effectively simulate the
+ effects of corrosion on bond behaviour, mainly for the ``damage type{''}
+ approach. Finally the numerical simulation of some experimental tests of
+ corroded beam has been carried out. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Saetta, A (Reprint Author), Univ IUAV Venezia, Dept Architectural Construct, Dorsoduro 2206, I-30123 Venice, Italy.
+ Simioni, Paola; Saetta, Anna, Univ IUAV Venezia, Dept Architectural Construct, I-30123 Venice, Italy.
+ Berto, Luisa, Univ Padua, Dept Construct \& Transportat, I-35131 Padua, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.08.003}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{steel reinforcement corrosion; bond strength; finite element method;
+ damage model; reinforced concrete; pull out test; beam test}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CORRODED REINFORCEMENT; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CONCRETE BEAMS; FLEXURAL
+ BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH; SLABS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{saetta@iuav.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Saetta, Anna/L-6902-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Saetta, Anna/0000-0003-0796-8404
+ BERTO, LUISA/0000-0003-4588-245X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{303BG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000256013900015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000261715700007,
+Author = {Ciavarella, Michele and Paggi, Marco and Carpinteri, Alberto},
+Title = {{One, no one, and one hundred thousand crack propagation laws: A
+ generalized Barenblatt and Botvina dimensional analysis approach to
+ fatigue crack growth}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{56}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{3416-3432}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Barenblatt and Botvina with elegant dimensional analysis arguments have
+ elucidated that Paris' power-law is a weak form of scaling, so that the
+ Paris' parameters C and m should not be taken as material constants. On
+ the contrary, they are expected to depend on all the dimensionless
+ parameters of the problem, and are really ``constants{''} only within
+ some specific ranges of all these. In the present paper, the dimensional
+ analysis approach by Barenblatt and Botvina is generalized to explore
+ the functional dependencies of m and C on more dimensionless parameters
+ than the original Barenblatt and Botvina, and experimental results are
+ interpreted for a wider range of materials including both metals and
+ concrete. In particular, we find that the size-scale dependencies of m
+ and C and the resulting correlation between C and m are quite different
+ for metals and for quasi-brittle materials, as it is already suggested
+ from the fact the fatigue crack propagation processes lead to m = 2-5 in
+ metals and m = 10-50 in quasi-brittle materials, Therefore, according to
+ the concepts of complete and incomplete self-similarities, the
+ experimentally observed breakdowns of the classical Paris' law are
+ discussed and interpreted within a unified theoretical framework.
+ Finally, we show that most attempts to address the deviations from the
+ Paris' law or the empirical correlations between the constants can be
+ explained with this approach. We also suggest that ``incomplete
+ similarity{''} corresponds to the difficulties encountered so far by the
+ ``damage tolerant{''} approach which, after nearly 50 years since the
+ introduction of Paris' law, is still not a reliable calculation of
+ damage, as Paris himself admits in a recent review. (c) 2008 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ciavarella, M (Reprint Author), Ecole Polytech, LMS, F-75230 Paris, France.
+ Ciavarella, Michele, Politecn Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
+ Paggi, Marco; Carpinteri, Alberto, Politecn Torino, Dept Struct Engn \& Geotech, I-10129 Turin, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2008.09.002}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue crack growth; Paris' law parameters; Dimensional analysis;
+ Complete and incomplete self-similarity; Size-scale effects}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INCOMPLETE SELF-SIMILARITY; LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; FRACTURE; STEELS; DAMAGE;
+ MECHANISMS; EQUATION; PREDICTION; PARAMETER; EXPONENT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{mciava@poliba.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Paggi, Marco/0000-0001-9409-9782
+ ciavarella, michele/0000-0001-6271-0081}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}1/06/B/F/PP-154069]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The first author wishes to thank LMS-Ecole Polytechnique (Palaiseaux.
+ Paris France) for inviting him to spend a wonderful and very productive
+ sabbatical year there. M.P. and A.C. would like to acknowledge the
+ financial support of the European Union to the Leonardo da Vinci Project
+ ``Innovative Learning and Training on Fracture (ILTOF){''}
+ 1/06/B/F/PP-154069, where A.C. and M.P. are involved, respectively, as
+ the Project Coordinator and the Scientific Secretary.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{70}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{384AM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261715700007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000254354000003,
+Author = {Jirasek, Milan and Grassl, Peter},
+Title = {{Evaluation of directional mesh bias in concrete fracture simulations
+ using continuum damage models}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1921-1943}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{In the present comparative study, we investigate the influence of
+ directional mesh bias on the results of failure simulations performed
+ with isotropic and anisotropic damage models. Several fracture tests
+ leading to curved crack trajectories are simulated on different meshes.
+ The isotropic damage model with a realistic biaxial strength envelope
+ for concrete is highly sensitive to the mesh orientation, even for fine
+ meshes. The sensitivity is reduced if the definition of the
+ damage-driving variable (equivalent stain) is based on the modified von
+ Mises criterion, but the corresponding biaxial strength envelope is not
+ realistic for concrete. The anisotropic damage models used in this study
+ capture reasonably well arbitrary crack trajectories even if the biaxial
+ strength envelope remains close to typical experimental data. Their
+ superior performance can be at least partially attributed to their
+ ability to capture dilatancy under shear, which is revealed by a
+ comparative analysis of the behavior of individual models under shear
+ with restricted or free volume expansion. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jirasek, M (Reprint Author), Czech Tech Univ Prague, Dept Mech, Fac Civil Engn, Prague, Czech Republic.
+ Jirasek, Milan, Czech Tech Univ Prague, Dept Mech, Fac Civil Engn, Prague, Czech Republic.
+ Grassl, Peter, Univ Glasgow, Dept Civil Engn, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.endfracmech.2007.11.010}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{concrete; damage; fracture; finite elements; anisotropy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ROTATING CRACK MODEL; TESTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Milan.Jirasek@fsv.cvut.cz}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Jirasek, Milan/B-7504-2008
+ Grassl, Peter/A-1739-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Jirasek, Milan/0000-0001-5795-9587
+ Grassl, Peter/0000-0002-5862-4460}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{279KL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000254354000003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000253872300031,
+Author = {Zhong, Shuncong and Yadiji, S. Olutunde and Ding, Kang},
+Title = {{Response-only method for damage detection of beam-like structures using
+ high accuracy frequencies with auxiliary mass spatial probing}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{311}},
+Number = {{3-5}},
+Pages = {{1075-1099}},
+Month = {{APR 8}},
+Abstract = {{This paper proposes a new approach based on auxiliary mass spatial
+ probing using spectral centre correction method (SCCM), to provide a
+ simple solution for damage detection by just using the response time
+ history of beam-like structures. The natural frequencies of a damaged
+ beam with a traversing auxiliary mass change due to change in the
+ inertia of the beam as the auxiliary mass is traversed along the beam,
+ as well as the point-to-point variations in the flexibility of the beam.
+ Therefore the auxiliary mass call enhance the effects of the crack on
+ the dynamics of the beam and, therefore, facilitate the identification
+ and location of damage in the beam. That is, the auxiliary mass can be
+ used to probe the dynamic characteristic of the beam by traversing the
+ mass from one end of the beam to the other. However, it is impossible to
+ obtain accurate modal frequencies by the direct operation of the fast
+ Fourier transform (FFT) of the response data of the structure because
+ the frequency spectrum can be only calculated from limited sampled time
+ data which results in the well-known leakage effect. SCCM is identical
+ to the energy centrobaric correction method (ECCM) which is a practical
+ and effective method used in rotating mechanical fault diagnosis and
+ which resolves the shortcoming of FFT and can provide high accuracy
+ estimate of frequency, amplitude and phase. In the present work, the
+ modal responses of damaged simply supported beams with auxiliary mass
+ are computed using the finite element method (FEM). The graphical plots
+ of the natural frequencies calculated by SCCM versus axial location of
+ auxiliary mass are obtained. However, it is difficult to locate the
+ crack directly from the curve of natural frequencies. A simple and fast
+ method, the derivatives of natural frequency curve, is proposed in the
+ paper which can provide crack information for damage detection of
+ beam-like structures. The efficiency and practicability of the proposed
+ method is illustrated via numerical simulation. For real cases,
+ experimental noise is expected to corrupt the response data and,
+ ultimately, the natural frequencies of beam-like structures. Therefore,
+ the response data with a normally distributed random noise is also
+ studied. Also, the effects of crack depth, auxiliary mass and damping
+ ratios oil the proposed method are investigated. From the simulated
+ results, the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method is
+ demonstrated. The results show that the proposed method has low
+ computational cost and high precision. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yadiji, SO (Reprint Author), Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Dynam \& Aeroelast Res Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
+ Zhong, Shuncong; Yadiji, S. Olutunde, Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Dynam \& Aeroelast Res Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
+ Ding, Kang, S China Univ Technol, Fac Automobile Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsv.2007.10.004}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FAST FOURIER-TRANSFORM; EIGENVECTOR DERIVATIVES; CRACK DETECTION;
+ EIGENVALUES; IDENTIFICATION; PHASE; VIBRATION; AMPLITUDE; SIGNAL; RATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{s.o.oyadiji@manchester.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhong, Shuncong/B-3082-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhong, Shuncong/0000-0001-8999-2701}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{272PR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253872300031}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000253598100021,
+Author = {Zhong, Shuncong and Oyadiji, S. Olutunde},
+Title = {{Analytical predictions of natural frequencies of cracked simply
+ supported beams with a stationary roving mass}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{311}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{328-352}},
+Month = {{MAR 18}},
+Abstract = {{Natural frequencies of a damaged simply supported beam with a stationary
+ roving mass are studied theoretically. The transverse deflection of the
+ cracked beam is constructed by adding a polynomial function, which
+ represents the effects of a crack, to the polynomial function which
+ represents the response of the intact beam {[}J. Fernandez-Saez, L.
+ Rubio, C. Navarro, Approximate calculation of the fundamental
+ frequencies for bending vibrations of cracked beams, Journal of Sound
+ and Vibration 225 (1999) 345-352]. By means of the boundary and
+ kinematics conditions, approximate closed-form analytical expressions
+ are derived for the natural frequencies of an arbitrary mode of
+ transverse vibration of a cracked simply supported beam with a roving
+ mass using the Rayleigh's method. The natural frequencies change due to
+ the roving of the mass along the cracked beam. Therefore the roving mass
+ can provide additional spatial information for damage detection of the
+ beam. That is, the roving mass can be used to probe the dynamic
+ characteristics of the beam by roving the mass from one end of the beam
+ to the other. The presence of a crack causes the local stiffness of the
+ beam to decrease which, in turn, causes a marked decrease in natural
+ frequency of the beam when the roving mass is located in the vicinity of
+ the crack. The magnitude of the roving mass used varied between 0\% and
+ 50\% of the mass of the beam. The predicted frequencies are shown to
+ compare very well with those obtained using the finite element method
+ and the experimental results. Finally, the effects of crack depth, crack
+ location and roving mass on the natural frequency of the beam are
+ investigated. It is shown that the natural frequencies of the cracked
+ beam decrease as the crack depth increases and as the roving mass is
+ traversed closer to the crack location. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Oyadiji, SO (Reprint Author), Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Dynam \& Aeroelast Res Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
+ Zhong, Shuncong; Oyadiji, S. Olutunde, Univ Manchester, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Dynam \& Aeroelast Res Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsv.2007.09.009}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CARRYING MULTIPLE MASSES; BERNOULLI-EULER BEAMS; CONCENTRATED MASS;
+ FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY; BENDING VIBRATIONS; STRUCTURAL DAMAGE;
+ IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; LOCATION; LOAD}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{s.o.oyadiji@manchester.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhong, Shuncong/B-3082-2015
+ Oyadiji, S. Olutunde/A-9130-2016
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Oyadiji, S. Olutunde/0000-0002-5814-8441
+ Zhong, Shuncong/0000-0001-8999-2701}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{268RW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253598100021}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000253621700011,
+Author = {Sihn, Sangwook and Kim, Ran Y. and Huh, Wansoo and Lee, Kwang-Hoon and
+ Roy, Ajit K.},
+Title = {{Improvement of damage resistance in laminated composites with
+ electrospun nano-interlayers}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{68}},
+Number = {{3-4}},
+Pages = {{673-683}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{An experimental study was conducted to study the improvement of damage
+ resistance in laminated composites with the addition of electrospun
+ nano-interlayers as the interleave material. The electrospinning process
+ was utilized to fabricate nanofibers and nanofibril mats with and
+ without the CNTs by using three thermoplastic polymers: polycarbonate,
+ poly(phenylene oxide) and polystyrene. The optimal mixture ratio of the
+ solvent and concentration of the CNTs was found to yield optimal fiber
+ formation. It was observed that the fiber becomes thicker with the
+ increase of polymer concentration and the CNT contents. Mechanical tests
+ under Uniaxial tensile loading were carried out with a
+ delamination-prone layup of {[}30/-30/90/90/-30/30](T) by placing the
+ polycarbonate electrospun nanofibril mats at the interface between each
+ ply. The difference in total thickness of the laminates with and without
+ five nano-interlayers was less than 0.001 mm, which is negligibly thin.
+ The stress levels at the first microcracking damage, delamination damage
+ and ultimate load-drop increased by 8.4\%, 8.1\% and 9.8\%,
+ respectively, with the addition of the nano-interlayers as compared with
+ the pristine specimens. The number of rnicrocracks decreased
+ significantly with the addition of the nano-interlayers. The increase of
+ the FPF strength with the nano-interlayers was analyzed with the Weibull
+ statistical theory and the prediction agreed well with the experimental
+ data. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sihn, S (Reprint Author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
+ Sihn, Sangwook; Kim, Ran Y., Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
+ Huh, Wansoo; Lee, Kwang-Hoon, Soongsil Univ, Dept Chem \& Environm Engn, Seoul 156743, South Korea.
+ Roy, Ajit K., USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.09.015}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{electrospinning; nanostructures; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs);
+ delamination; transverse cracking}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRENGTH; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{sangwook@stanfordalumni.org}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{10}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{269AK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253621700011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000259454400014,
+Author = {Cao, Maosen and Qiao, Pizhong},
+Title = {{Integrated wavelet transform and its application to vibration mode
+ shapes for the damage detection of beam-type structures}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{17}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Wavelet analysis has been extensively used in damage detection due to
+ its inherent merits over traditional Fourier transforms, and it has been
+ applied to identify abnormality from vibration mode shapes in structural
+ damage identification. However, most related studies have only
+ demonstrated its ability to identify the abnormality of retrieved mode
+ shapes with a relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio, and its
+ incapability of identifying slight abnormality usually corrupted by
+ noise is still a challenge. In this paper, a new technique (so-called
+ `integrated wavelet transform (IWT)') of taking synergistic advantages
+ of the stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and the continuous wavelet
+ transform (CWT) is proposed to improve the robustness of abnormality
+ analysis of mode shapes in damage detection. Two progressive wavelet
+ analysis steps are considered, in which SWT-based multiresolution
+ analysis (MRA) is first employed to refine the retrieved mode shapes,
+ followed by CWT-based multiscale analysis (MSA) to magnify the effect of
+ slight abnormality. The SWT-MRA is utilized to separate the
+ multicomponent modal signal, eliminate random noise and regular
+ interferences, and thus extract purer damage information, while the
+ CWT-MSA is employed to smoothen, differentiate or suppress polynomials
+ of mode shapes to magnify the effect of abnormality. The choice of the
+ optimal mother wavelet in damage detection is also elaborately
+ addressed. The proposed methodology of the IWT is evaluated using the
+ mode shape data from the numerical finite element analysis and
+ experimental testing of a cantilever beam with a through-width crack.
+ The methodology presented provides a robust and viable technique to
+ identify minor damage in a relatively lower signal-to-noise ratio
+ environment.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Qiao, PZ (Reprint Author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Qiao, Pizhong, Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Washington State Univ, Wood Mat \& Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Hohai Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Engn Mech, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/17/5/055014}},
+Article-Number = {{055014}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITE BEAMS; CRACK IDENTIFICATION; CANTILEVER BEAM;
+ SYSTEMS; LOCATION; RIDGES; PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{qiao@wsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Pizhong/A-3382-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Pizhong/0000-0003-2769-0147}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Alaska University Transportation Center (AUTC) {[}DTRT06G-0011];
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}50608027]; Ministry of
+ Education of the People's Republic of China}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study is partially supported by the Alaska University
+ Transportation Center (AUTC) (Contract/Grant No. DTRT06G-0011) on Smart
+ FRP Composite Sandwich Bridge Decks in Cold Regions and the Wood
+ Materials Engineering Laboratory (WMEL) at Washington State University.
+ The first author (MC) would also like to acknowledge the support from
+ the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50608027),
+ while the second author (PQ) is grateful for the Changjiang Scholar
+ Award from the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.
+ The assistance in the numerical finite element analysis of cracked beam
+ samples from Runbo Bai at Hohai University is gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{52}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{351VQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000259454400014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000255253500002,
+Author = {de Moura, M. F. S. F. and de Morais, A. B.},
+Title = {{Equivalent crack based analyses of ENF and ELS tests}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{2584-2596}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Note = {{Euromech Colloquium 473 on Fracture of Composite Materials, Oporto,
+ PORTUGAL, OCT 27-29, 2005}},
+Abstract = {{Equivalent crack based data reduction schemes have been recently
+ proposed for mode 11 interlaminar fracture tests. These methods avoid
+ the difficulties in monitoring crack propagation throughout the test, as
+ the experimental compliance data is used to calculate the crack
+ position. However, their accuracy has not been demonstrated. In this
+ paper, application of equivalent crack approaches to End-Notched Flexure
+ and End-Loaded Split tests was studied numerically. A cohesive zone
+ damage model based on developed interface finite elements was used.
+ Equivalent crack methods were found to be very accurate for both
+ specimens, while classical beam theory based data reduction schemes
+ underestimated fracture toughness. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Morais, AB (Reprint Author), Univ Aveiro, Dept Mech Engn, Campus Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
+ de Morais, A. B., Univ Aveiro, Dept Mech Engn, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
+ de Moura, M. F. S. F., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn \& Ind Management, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.03.005}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{composites; mode II; End-Notched Flexure; End-Loaded Split; equivalent
+ crack methods}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MODE-II FRACTURE; INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; TOUGHNESS;
+ RESISTANCE; G(IIC)}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{abm@mec.ua.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Morais, Alfredo/G-6707-2011
+ Research Unit, TEMA/H-9264-2012
+ de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Morais, Alfredo/0000-0002-3882-7789
+ de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{292GC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000255253500002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000253751900021,
+Author = {Fouvry, S. and Nowell, D. and Kubiak, K. and Hills, D. A.},
+Title = {{Prediction of fretting crack propagation based on a short crack
+ methodology}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2008}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1605-1622}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Fretting tests have been conducted to determine the maximum crack
+ extension under partial slip conditions, as a function of the applied
+ tangential force amplitude. An analytical elastic model representing a
+ fretting-induced slant crack has been implemented and combined with the
+ Kitagawa-Takahashi short crack methodology. This approach provides
+ reasonable qualitative agreement between experimental and predicted
+ maximum fretting crack lengths as long as the global response of the
+ interface remains elastic. It confirms the stability of the crack arrest
+ approach to predict the fretting fatigue endurance. It is, however,
+ observed that the model is systematically conservative when significant
+ plastic deformations are generated in the interface. A discussion of the
+ appropriate fundamental parameters when dealing with steep stress
+ gradients such as those present in fretting, and which are difficult to
+ interpret in the context of the Kitagawa-Takahashi method, is presented.
+ It is also shown that the maximum crack length evolution under plain
+ fretting wear test conditions can be used to calibrate fretting fatigue
+ predictions.(C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fouvry, S (Reprint Author), Ecole Cent Lyon, LTDS, 36 Ave Guy Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France.
+ Fouvry, S.; Kubiak, K., Ecole Cent Lyon, LTDS, F-69134 Ecully, France.
+ Nowell, D.; Hills, D. A., Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.06.011}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{crack arrest; fretting cracking; Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram; short
+ cracks; AISI 1034 steel}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FATIGUE; CONTACTS; NUCLEATION; TI-6AL-4V; MECHANICS; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE;
+ WEAR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Siegfried.fouvry@ec-lyon.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Nowell, David/E-2013-2012
+ Hills, David/E-8945-2012
+ Kubiak, Krzysztof/B-3945-2009
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Nowell, David/0000-0001-9997-8364
+ Kubiak, Krzysztof/0000-0002-6571-2530}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{270WW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000253751900021}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2009.bib b/data/WoS_export/2009.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9719021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2009.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3119 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000266345700002,
+Author = {Yang, Yingzi and Lepech, Michael D. and Yang, En-Hua and Li, Victor C.},
+Title = {{Autogenous healing of engineered cementitious composites under wet-dry
+ cycles}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{382-390}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Self-healing of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) subjected to
+ two different cyclic wetting and drying regimes was investigated in this
+ paper. To quantify self-healing, resonant frequency measurements were
+ conducted throughout wetting-drying cycles followed by uniaxial tensile
+ testing of self-healing ECC specimens. Through self-healing,
+ crack-damaged ECC recovered 76\% to 100\% of its initial resonant
+ frequency value and attained a distinct rebound in stiffness. Even for
+ specimens deliberately pre-damaged with microcracks by loading up to 3\%
+ tensile strain, the tensile strain capacity after self-healing recovered
+ close to 100\% that of virgin specimens without any preloading. Also,
+ the effects of temperature during wetting-drying cycles led to an
+ increase in the ultimate strength but a slight decrease in the tensile
+ strain capacity of rehealed pre-damaged specimens. This paper describes
+ the experimental investigations and presents the data that confirm
+ reasonably robust autogenous healing of ECC in commonly encountered
+ environments for many types of infrastructure. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, VC (Reprint Author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
+ Yang, Yingzi; Lepech, Michael D.; Yang, En-Hua; Li, Victor C., Univ Michigan, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.01.013}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{Self-healing; Mechanical properties; Transport properties; Tensile
+ properties; Permeability; Cracks}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACKED CONCRETE; PERMEABILITY; ECC}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{vcli@umich.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yang, En-Hua/A-3780-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Li, Victor/0000-0002-8678-3493}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSF MUSES Biocomplexity Program {[}CMS-0223971, CMS-0329416]; NSF Civil
+ Infrastructure {[}CMMI 0700219]; China National Scholarship; MUSES
+ (Materials Use: Science, Engineering, and Society)}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was partially funded through an NSF MUSES Biocomplexity
+ Program Grant (CMS-0223971 and CMS-0329416), an NSF Civil Infrastructure
+ Grant CMMI 0700219, and a China National Scholarship. MUSES (Materials
+ Use: Science, Engineering, and Society) supports projects that study
+ reducing adverse human impact on the total, interactive system of
+ resource use, the design and synthesis of new materials with
+ environmentally benign impacts on biocomplex systems, as well as
+ maximizing the efficient use of individual materials throughout their
+ life cycles.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{130}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{74}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{449QS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266345700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000261720900002,
+Author = {Aktas, Mehmet and Atas, Cesim and Icten, Buelent Murat and Karakuzu,
+ Ramazan},
+Title = {{An experimental investigation of the impact response of composite
+ laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{87}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{307-313}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{In this study, the impact response of unidirectional glass/epoxy
+ laminates has been investigated by considering energy profile diagrams
+ and associated load-deflection curves. Damage modes and the damage
+ process of laminates under varied impact energies are discussed. Two
+ different stacking sequences, {[}0/90/0/90](s) and {[}0/90/+45/-45](s),
+ were chosen in tests for comparison. All alternative method, based on
+ variation of the excessive energy (E(e)) versus impact energy (E(i)), is
+ presented to determine penetration threshold (Pn). The penetration
+ threshold for stacking sequence {[}0/90/+45/-45](s) is found to be
+ smaller than that of {[}0/90/0/90](s). The primary damage mode was found
+ to be fiber fracture for higher impact energies; whereas, it was
+ indentation resulting in delamination and matrix cracks for smaller
+ impact energies. Contour plots of the overall damage areas are also
+ depicted for several impact energies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Aktas, M (Reprint Author), Usak Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-64300 Usak, Turkey.
+ Aktas, Mehmet, Usak Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-64300 Usak, Turkey.
+ Atas, Cesim; Icten, Buelent Murat; Karakuzu, Ramazan, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.02.003}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Unidirectional glass/epoxy; Impact response; Damage modes}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; STACKING-SEQUENCE; DAMAGE; RESISTANCE; PLATES;
+ PREDICTION; SHAPE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{mehmet.aktas@usak.edu.tr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{AKTAS, Mehmet/B-1498-2012}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
+ {[}104M426]; Izoreel firm, in Izmir-Turkey}},
+Funding-Text = {{Financial support for this study was provided by The Scientific and
+ Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), (Project Number:
+ 104M426). Partial financial support by Izoreel firm, in Izmir-Turkey, is
+ also gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{94}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{384CE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000261720900002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266380700009,
+Author = {Lopes, C. S. and Camanho, P. P. and Gurdal, Z. and Maimi, P. and
+ Gonzalez, E. V.},
+Title = {{Low-velocity impact damage on dispersed stacking sequence laminates.
+ Part II: Numerical simulations}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{69}},
+Number = {{7-8}},
+Pages = {{937-947}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper is the follow-up on the previous work by the authors on the
+ experimental evaluation of the impact damage resistance of laminates
+ with dispersed stacking sequences. The current work focuses on the
+ evaluation of the impact performance of the tested laminates by
+ innovative numerical methods.
+ Constitutive models which take into account the physical progressive
+ failure behaviour of fibres, matrix, and interfaces between plies were
+ implemented in an explicit finite element method and used in the
+ simulation of low-velocity impact events on composite laminates. The
+ computational effort resulted in reliable predictions of the impact
+ dynamics, impact footprint, locus and size of delaminations, matrix
+ cracks and fibre damage, as well as the amount of energy dissipated
+ through delaminations, intraply damage and friction. The accuracy
+ achieved with this method increases the reliability of numerical methods
+ in the simulation of impact loads enabling the reduction of the time and
+ costs associated with mechanical testing. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Lopes, C. S.; Camanho, P. P., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Lopes, C. S.; Gurdal, Z., Tech Univ Delft, Fac Luchtvaart \& Ruimtevaarttech, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands.
+ Maimi, P.; Gonzalez, E. V., Univ Girona, Escola Politecn Super, AMADE, Girona, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.02.015}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Structural composites; Delamination; Finite element analysis (FEA);
+ Damage tolerance; Low-velocity impact}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITES; MODEL; DELAMINATION; PREDICTION; FRICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014
+ Balanzat, Josep Costa/C-1017-2014
+ Gonzalez, Emilio Vicente/P-1258-2014
+ Maimi, Pere/C-3581-2009
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291
+ Gonzalez, Emilio Vicente/0000-0003-0190-8742
+ Maimi, Pere/0000-0002-7350-1506
+ Lopes, Claudio/0000-0003-4895-683X
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)
+ {[}SFRH/BD/16238/2004, PDCT/EME-PME/64984/2006]; Spanish government
+ {[}MAT2006-141591202-01, TRA2006-15718-C02-01/TAIR]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The funding of this research through the scholarship SFRH/BD/16238/2004
+ from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) is
+ gratefully acknowledged. Furthermore, the financial support of the FCT
+ under the project PDCT/EME-PME/64984/2006 is acknowledged by the 2nd
+ author. The 4th and 5th authors acknowledge the financial support of the
+ Spanish government under the contracts MAT2006-141591202-01 and
+ TRA2006-15718-C02-01/TAIR.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{93}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{450DH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266380700009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000265478300002,
+Author = {Rabczuk, Timon and Song, Jeong-Hoon and Belytschko, Ted},
+Title = {{Simulations of instability in dynamic fracture by the cracking particles
+ method}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{76}},
+Number = {{6, SI}},
+Pages = {{730-741}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Note = {{International Conference on Computational Fracture and Failure of
+ Materials and Structures, Nantes, FRANCE, JUN, 2007}},
+Abstract = {{Crack instabilities and the phenomenon of crack speed saturation in a
+ brittle material (PMMA) are studied with a meshfree cracking particle
+ method. We reproduce the experimental observation that the computed
+ terminal crack speeds attained in PMMA specimens are substantially lower
+ than the Rayleigh wave speed; the computed crack speeds agree quite well
+ with the reported experimental results. We also replicate repetitive
+ microcrack branching along with the increased rate of energy dissipation
+ after attainment of a critical crack speed, even in the absence of
+ microstructural defects. We show that the presence of microdefects
+ changes the response only a little. The computations reproduce many of
+ the salient features of experimental observations. (C) 2008 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Song, JH (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd,Rm A210, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Song, Jeong-Hoon; Belytschko, Ted, Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Rabczuk, Timon, Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.06.002}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{Dynamic instability; Microcrack branching; Microvoids; Meshfree cracking
+ particle method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; FREE GALERKIN METHODS; BRITTLE MATERIALS; X-FEM;
+ MICROBRANCHING INSTABILITY; ARBITRARY DISCONTINUITIES; LEVEL SETS;
+ PROPAGATION; GROWTH; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{j-song2@northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Belytschko, Ted/B-6710-2009
+ Rabczuk, Timon/A-3067-2009
+ Song, Jeong-Hoon/F-9008-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Rabczuk, Timon/0000-0002-7150-296X
+ Song, Jeong-Hoon/0000-0002-2932-440X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
+Times-Cited = {{76}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{437HT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265478300002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000265771800001,
+Author = {Mughrabi, Hael},
+Title = {{Cyclic Slip Irreversibilities and the Evolution of Fatigue Damage}},
+Journal = {{METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
+ MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{40A}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1257-1279}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{In this article, the physical origin of fatigue crack initiation in
+ ductile metals is discussed from a historical perspective. The main
+ focus is to assess those cyclic slip irreversibilities in a
+ microstructural sense that occur not only at the surface but also in the
+ bulk at the dislocation scale and to show how they contribute to surface
+ fatigue damage. The evolution of early fatigue damage, as evidenced
+ experimentally in the last decades, is reviewed. The phenomenon of
+ cyclic strain localization in persistent slip bands (PSBs) and models of
+ the formation of extrusions, intrusions, and microcracks are discussed
+ in detail. The predictions of these models are compared with
+ experimental evidence obtained on mono- and polycrystalline
+ face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals. In addition, examples of the evolution
+ of fatigue damage in selected fcc solid solution alloys and
+ precipitation-hardened alloys and in body-centered-cubic (bcc) metals
+ are analyzed. Where possible, the cyclic slip irreversibilities p,
+ defined as the fraction of plastic shear strain that is
+ microstructurally irreversible, have been estimated quantitatively.
+ Broadly speaking, p has been found to vary over orders of magnitude (0 <
+ p < 1), being almost negligible at low loading amplitudes (high fatigue
+ lives) and substantial at larger loading amplitudes (low fatigue lives).}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mughrabi, H (Reprint Author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Werkstoffwissensch, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
+ Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Werkstoffwissensch, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11661-009-9839-8}},
+ISSN = {{1073-5623}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; AUSTENITIC
+ STAINLESS-STEEL; LOW-AMPLITUDE FATIGUE; NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY;
+ LOW-CARBON STEEL; CRACK INITIATION; ALPHA-IRON; SURFACE-RELIEF;
+ MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{mughrabi@ww.uni-erlangen.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{133}},
+Times-Cited = {{74}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{78}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{441LY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265771800001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000272107200011,
+Author = {Fan, Wei and Qiao, Pizhong},
+Title = {{A 2-D continuous wavelet transform of mode shape data for damage
+ detection of plate structures}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{25-26}},
+Pages = {{4379-4395}},
+Month = {{DEC 15}},
+Abstract = {{A two-dimensional (2-D) continuous wavelet transform (CWT)-based damage
+ detection algorithm using ``Dergauss2d{''} wavelet for plate-type
+ structures is presented. The 2-D CWT considered in this study is based
+ on the formulation by Antoine et al. (2004). A concept of isosurface of
+ 2-D wavelet coefficients is proposed, and it is generated to indicate
+ the location and approximate shape or area of the damage. The proposed
+ algorithm is a response-based damage detection technique which only
+ requires the mode shapes of the damaged plates. This algorithm is
+ applied to the numerical vibration mode shapes of a cantilever plate
+ with different types of damage to illustrate its effectiveness and
+ viability. A comparative study with other two 2-D damage detection
+ algorithms, i.e., 2-D gapped smoothing method (GSM) and 2-D strain
+ energy method (SEM), is performed, and it demonstrates that the proposed
+ 2-D CWT-based algorithm is superior in noise immunity and robust with
+ limited sensor data. The algorithm is further implemented in an
+ experimental modal test to detect impact damage in an FRP composite
+ plate using smart piezoelectric actuators and sensors, demonstrating its
+ applicability to the experimental mode shapes. The present 2-D CWT-based
+ algorithm is among a few limited studies in the literature to explore
+ the application of 2-D wavelets in damage detection. and as demonstrated
+ in this study, it can be used as a viable and effective technique for
+ damage identification of plate- or shell-type structures. (C) 2009
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Qiao, PZ (Reprint Author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Composite Mat \& Engn Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Fan, Wei; Qiao, Pizhong, Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Composite Mat \& Engn Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.08.022}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Damage detection; Continuous wavelet transform; Experimental modal
+ analysis; Mode shapes; Plates and shells; Piezoelectric sensors}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK IDENTIFICATION; FRACTAL DIMENSION; BEAMS; BRIDGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Qiao@wsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Fan, Wei/C-1192-2008
+ Qiao, Pizhong/A-3382-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Pizhong/0000-0003-2769-0147}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Alaska University Transportation Center (AUTC) {[}DTRT06-G-0011]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study is partially Supported by the Alaska University
+ Transportation Center (AUTC) (Contract/Grant No. DTRT06-G-0011) on Smart
+ FRP Composite Sandwich Bridge Decks in Cold Regions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{68}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{523XC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000272107200011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000265720800001,
+Author = {Hoseini, Meghdad and Bindiganavile, Vivek and Banthia, Nemkumar},
+Title = {{The effect of mechanical stress on permeability of concrete: A review}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{213-220}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The presence of aggressive fluids and their transport is by far the most
+ important factor controlling the durability of cement based composites.
+ In structural concrete, the application of mechanical stress leads to
+ cracking, which in turn affects the transport properties adversely, but
+ very little is known of this influence. The paper highlights the vast
+ discrepancy between experimentally determined permeability data, which
+ appear to be largely artifacts of disparate test procedures. In
+ particular, it is not clear if an equilibrium was attained in the fluid
+ flow and further, whether the flow measurements were made in the
+ presence of the applied stress, which together make it very difficult to
+ compare experimental data. Nevertheless it is clear that stress induced
+ cracking leads to a surge in fluid flow and there exists a threshold
+ value for both the applied stress and the resultant crack width
+ associated with fluid permeability in concrete. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bindiganavile, V (Reprint Author), Univ Alberta, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada.
+ Hoseini, Meghdad; Bindiganavile, Vivek, Univ Alberta, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada.
+ Banthia, Nemkumar, Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.003}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+Keywords = {{Permeability; Concrete; Fibre reinforcement; Test methods; Durability}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE; WATER PERMEABILITY; CRACKED CONCRETE;
+ CHLORIDE PERMEABILITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GAS-PERMEABILITY; DAMAGE;
+ FLOW; LOAD}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{vivek@ualberta.ca}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Cement Association of Canada; Alberta Centre for Transportation
+ Engineering and Planning (C-TEP); Natural Sciences and Engineering
+ Research Council of Canada}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors wish to thank the Cement Association of Canada and the
+ Alberta Centre for Transportation Engineering and Planning (C-TEP) for
+ their support to this study. The continued support of the Natural
+ Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada is also gratefully
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{48}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{440SU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265720800001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264047700029,
+Author = {de Moura, M. F. S. F. and Campilho, R. D. S. G. and Goncalves, J. P. M.},
+Title = {{Pure mode II fracture characterization of composite bonded joints}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1589-1595}},
+Month = {{MAR 15}},
+Abstract = {{A new data reduction scheme is proposed for measuring the critical
+ fracture energy of adhesive joints under pure mode II loading using the
+ End Notched Flexure test. The method is based on the crack equivalent
+ concept and does not require crack length monitoring during propagation,
+ which is very difficult to perform accurately in these tests. The
+ proposed methodology also accounts for the energy dissipated at the
+ Fracture Process Zone which is not negligible when ductile adhesives are
+ used. Experimental tests and numerical analyses using a trapezoidal
+ cohesive mixed-mode damage model demonstrated the good performance of
+ the new method. namely when compared to classical data reduction
+ schemes. An inverse method was used to determine the cohesive
+ properties, fitting the numerical and experimental load-displacement
+ curves. Excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental
+ R-curves was achieved demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed
+ method. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de Moura, MFSF (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Dept Engn Mecan \& Gestao Ind, Fac Engn, Rua Dr Roberto Frias S-N, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ de Moura, M. F. S. F.; Campilho, R. D. S. G., Univ Porto, Dept Engn Mecan \& Gestao Ind, Fac Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Goncalves, J. P. M., IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Dept Math Sci, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.12.001}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Adhesive joints; Fracture toughness; Finite element analysis; Cohesive
+ damage models}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER COMPOSITES; ADHESIVE; SPECIMENS; BEHAVIOR; REPAIRS; SINGLE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mfmoura@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759
+ Campilho, Raul/0000-0003-4167-4434}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology {[}POCI/EME/56567/2004,
+ SFRH/BD/30305/2006]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The first author thanks the Portuguese Foundation for Science and
+ Technology for supporting the work presented here, through the research
+ Project POCI/EME/56567/2004. The second author thanks the Portuguese
+ Foundation for Science and Technology for supporting the work presented
+ here through the individual Grant SFRH/BD/30305/2006.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{417AU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264047700029}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000267100600009,
+Author = {Ivanov, Dmitry S. and Baudry, Fabien and Van Den Broucke, Bjorn and
+ Lomov, Stepan V. and Xie, Hang and Verpoest, Ignaas},
+Title = {{Failure analysis of triaxial braided composite}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{69}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1372-1380}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{12th European Conference on Composite Materials (ECCM-12), European Soc
+ Composite Mat, Biarritz, FRANCE, AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006}},
+Abstract = {{This study focuses on the description of damage and failure behaviour of
+ triaxial braided carbon/epoxy composites under tension. The tensile
+ tests were instrumented with optical surface strain and acoustic
+ emission measurements. Damage was observed using X-ray and microscopy.
+ The damage develops in two stages: (I) intra-yarn cracking: increase of
+ the crack density and crack length, (2) local inter-yarn delamination
+ and conjunction of the intra-yarn cracks. Statistics of crack sizes at
+ both stages were collected and the 3D geometry of cracks was
+ reconstructed. A finite element model of the unit cell of the textile
+ reinforcement is used to predict damage initiation and crack orientation
+ using Puck's criterion. Progressive damage and stiffness deterioration
+ is modelled using the degradation scheme of Murakami-Ohno and the damage
+ evolution law of Ladeveze, applied to the average stress state of the
+ yarns. Good agreement with experimental damage initiation threshold and
+ non-linear tensile diagrams is found both for loading in fibre and
+ off-axis directions. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ivanov, DS (Reprint Author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn MTM, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
+ Ivanov, Dmitry S.; Baudry, Fabien; Van Den Broucke, Bjorn; Lomov, Stepan V.; Xie, Hang; Verpoest, Ignaas, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn MTM, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.09.013}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Textile composite; Matrix cracking; Damage mechanics; Mutliscale
+ modelling; Acoustic emission}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TEXTILE COMPOSITES; PART 1; DAMAGE; MICROMECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{Dmitry.Ivanov@mtm.kuleuven.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/C-2366-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/0000-0002-8194-4913}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{65}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{459KK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267100600009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000267415600029,
+Author = {Xiao, Ding Shu and Yuan, Yan Chao and Rong, Min Zhi and Zhang, Ming Qiu},
+Title = {{Self-healing epoxy based on cationic chain polymerization}},
+Journal = {{POLYMER}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{50}},
+Number = {{13}},
+Pages = {{2967-2975}},
+Month = {{JUN 19}},
+Abstract = {{A two-component healing agent consisting of epoxy- and ((C(2)H(5))(2)O
+ center dot BF(3))-loaded microcapsules was synthesized and applied to
+ fabricate self-healing epoxy composites. Curing of epoxy healing agent
+ catalyzed by (C(2)H(5))(2)O.BF(3) belongs to cationic chain
+ polymerization, which is characterized by fast reaction at ambient
+ temperature and low catalyst concentration. The experimental results
+ showed that cracks in the composites containing the above healing system
+ can be quickly re-bonded with satisfied healing efficiency. In the case
+ of 5 wt\% epoxy- and 1 wt\% (C(2)H(5))(2)O center dot BF(3)-loaded
+ capsules, for example, a similar to 80\% recovery of impact strength was
+ detected within 30 min at 20 degrees C. Because the healing capsules
+ took effect at low content, mechanical properties of the matrix were
+ largely retained. It is believed that the present healing system
+ provides a possible solution to preparation of self-healing polymeric
+ materials with practical applicability. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Rong, MZ (Reprint Author), Zhongshan Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
+ Rong, Min Zhi; Zhang, Ming Qiu, Zhongshan Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
+ Xiao, Ding Shu; Yuan, Yan Chao, Zhongshan Univ, Sch Chem \& Chem Engn, OFCM Inst, Key Lab Polymer Composite \& Funct Mat,Minist Educ, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.029}},
+ISSN = {{0032-3861}},
+Keywords = {{Epoxy composites; Self-healing behavior; Cationic chain polymerization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER; HOLLOW GLASS-FIBERS; MICROENCAPSULATED EPOXY;
+ COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; FATIGUE CRACKS; CURING AGENT; REPAIR; DAMAGE;
+ SYSTEM; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Polymer Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Polymer Science}},
+Author-Email = {{cesrmz@mail.sysu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Science Foundation of China {[}20874117, 50573093, U0634001]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful to the support of the Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (Grants: 20874117, 50573093, U0634001).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{65}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{61}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Polymer}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{463FN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267415600029}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000269295700017,
+Author = {Lomov, Stepan V. and Bogdanovich, Alexander E. and Ivanov, Dmitry S. and
+ Mungalov, Dmitri and Karahan, Mehmet and Verpoest, Ignaas},
+Title = {{A comparative study of tensile properties of non-crimp 3D orthogonal
+ weave and multi-layer plain weave E-glass composites. Part 1: Materials,
+ methods and principal results}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1134-1143}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Composites fabricated by VARTM technology with the use of single-ply
+ non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven preforms 3WEAVE (R) find fast growing
+ research interest and industrial applications. It is now well understood
+ and appreciated that this type of advanced composites provides efficient
+ delamination suppression, enhanced damage tolerance, and superior
+ impact, ballistic and blast performance characteristics over 2D fabric
+ laminates. At the same time, this type of composites, having practically
+ straight in-plane fibers, show significantly better in-plane stiffness
+ and strength properties than respective properties of a
+ ``conventional{''} type 3D interlock weave composites. One primarily
+ important question, which has not been addressed yet, is how the
+ in-plane elastic and strength characteristics of this type of composites
+ compare with respective in-plane properties of ``equivalent{''}
+ laminates made of 2D woven fabrics. This 2-part paper presents a
+ comprehensive experimental study of the comparison of in-plane tensile
+ properties of two single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave E-glass fiber
+ composites on one side and a laminate reinforced with four plies of
+ plain weave E-glass fabric on the other. Results obtained from
+ mechanical testing are supplemented by acoustic emission data providing
+ damage initiation thresholds, progressive cracks observation, full-field
+ surface strain mapping and cracks observation on micrographs. The
+ obtained results demonstrate that the studied 3D non-crimp orthogonal
+ woven composites have considerably higher in-plane ultimate failure
+ stresses and strains, as well as damage initiation strain thresholds
+ than their 2D woven laminated composite counterpart. Part I presents the
+ description of materials used, experimental techniques applied,
+ principal results and their mutual comparisons for the three tested
+ composites. Part 2 describes in detail the experimentally observed
+ effects and trends with the main focus on the progressive damage:
+ detailed results of AE registration, full-field strain measurements and
+ progressive damage observations, highlighting peculiarities of local
+ damage patterns and explaining the succession of local damage events,
+ which leads to the differences in strength values between 2D and 3D
+ composites. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lomov, SV (Reprint Author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Lomov, Stepan V.; Ivanov, Dmitry S.; Verpoest, Ignaas, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Bogdanovich, Alexander E.; Mungalov, Dmitri, 3TEX Inc, Cary, NC 27511 USA.
+ Karahan, Mehmet, Uludag Univ, Vocat Sch Tech Sci, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.03.012}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{3-dimentional reinforcement; Mechanical properties; Damage; Acoustic
+ emission}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{3-DIMENSIONAL WOVEN COMPOSITES; TEXTILE COMPOSITES; FAILURE; PREFORMS;
+ DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{Stepan.Lomov@mtm.kuleuven.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/C-2366-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/0000-0002-8194-4913}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{East-European PhD grant of K.U. Leuven Research Council (D.S. Ivanov);
+ Department MTM}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are especially thankful to Dr. Mansour Mohamed (3TEX) for
+ valuable discussion of some aspects of this paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{64}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{55}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{487SK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000269295700017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264561800039,
+Author = {Zhang, Y. K. and Lu, J. Z. and Ren, X. D. and Yao, H. B. and Yao, H. X.},
+Title = {{Effect of laser shock processing on the mechanical properties and
+ fatigue lives of the turbojet engine blades manufactured by LY2 aluminum
+ alloy}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS \& DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{30}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{1697-1703}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{The aim of this paper was to address the effects of laser shock
+ processing (LSP) on the residual stresses and micro-hardness of the
+ turbojet engine blades manufactured by LY2 aluminum alloy, and fatigue
+ performance of the notched specimens cut from LY2 blade plate. First,
+ the effects of the number of shocks used in LSP on the residual stresses
+ and micro-hardness at the edge of the turbojet engine blade were
+ investigated. Second, the low cyclic fatigue performance on the
+ specimens cut from the blade was evaluated. Experimental results showed
+ that the compressive residual stresses and the high micro-hardness would
+ be generated near the surface due to LSP. The thickness of the plastic
+ deformation layer generated due to the shock wave in LSP was higher than
+ 2.0 mm. By comparing with the untreated specimens, the fatigue lives of
+ the specimens after LSP were obviously increased due to the compressive
+ residual stresses near the surface. Crown Copyright (c) 2008 Published
+ by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lu, JZ (Reprint Author), Jiangsu Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Xuefu Rd 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Peoples R China.
+ Zhang, Y. K.; Lu, J. Z.; Ren, X. D.; Yao, H. B.; Yao, H. X., Jiangsu Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.matdes.2008.07.017}},
+ISSN = {{0261-3069}},
+Keywords = {{Laser shock processing; LY2 aluminum alloy; Turbojet engine blade;
+ Residual stress; Fatigue life}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; CRACK-GROWTH; PREDICTION;
+ LIFE; COMPONENTS; METAL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{jxscience@ujs.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}50735001, 50705038];
+ High-tech Project of Jiangsu Province, China {[}BG2007033]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank Dr. X.C. Zhang at East China University
+ of Science and Technology for helpful reviewing and discussion. The
+ authors are also grateful for the support provided by National Natural
+ Science Foundation of China (No. 50735001 and 50705038). ``six adults
+ just{''} high peak project of Jiangsu Province (No. 06-D-023), and
+ High-tech Project of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BG2007033).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{63}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{424JA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264561800039}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000267015900007,
+Author = {Ng, C. T. and Veidt, M.},
+Title = {{A Lamb-wave-based technique for damage detection in composite laminates}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{18}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{International Conference on Multifunctional Materials and Structures,
+ Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, JUL 28-31, 2008}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents the application of Lamb waves to inspect damage in
+ composite laminates. The proposed methodology employs a network of
+ transducers that are used to sequentially scan the structure before and
+ after the presence of damage by transmitting and receiving Lamb wave
+ pulses. A damage localization image is reconstructed by analyzing the
+ cross-correlation of the scatter signal envelope with the excitation
+ pulse envelope for each transducer pair. A potential damage area is then
+ reconstructed by superimposing the image observed from each actuator and
+ sensor signal path. Both numerical and experimental case studies are
+ used to verify the proposed methodology for composite laminates.
+ Three-dimensional finite element models with a transducer network
+ consisting of four transducer elements are used in the numerical case
+ studies. The experimental case studies employ a transducer network using
+ four piezoelectric transducers as transmitter elements and a laser
+ vibrometer to measure the response signals at four locations close to
+ the transducers. The results show that the method enables the reliable
+ detection of structural damage with locating inaccuracies of the order
+ of a few millimeters inside as well as outside of an inspection area of
+ 100 x 100 mm(2).}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ng, CT (Reprint Author), Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
+ Ng, C. T.; Veidt, M., Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
+ Ng, C. T., Adv Composite Struct Ltd, Cooperat Res Ctr, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3201, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/18/7/074006}},
+Article-Number = {{074006}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+EISSN = {{1361-665X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLATE WAVES; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; SCATTERING; TRANSFORM; CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{m.veidt@uq.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ng, Ching-Tai/A-9552-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ng, Ching-Tai/0000-0003-4638-2756
+ Veidt, Martin/0000-0002-7302-9838}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{458JY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267015900007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266263300053,
+Author = {Miller, David C. and Foster, Ross R. and Zhang, Yadong and Jen, Shih-Hui
+ and Bertrand, Jacob A. and Lu, Zhixing and Seghete, Dragos and
+ O'Patchen, Jennifer L. and Yang, Ronggui and Lee, Yung-Cheng and George,
+ Steven M. and Dunn, Martin L.},
+Title = {{The mechanical robustness of atomic-layer- and molecular-layer-deposited
+ coatings on polymer substrates}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{105}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Month = {{MAY 1}},
+Abstract = {{The mechanical robustness of atomic layer deposited alumina and recently
+ developed molecular layer deposited aluminum alkoxide ({''}alucone{''})
+ films, as well as laminated composite films composed of both materials,
+ was characterized using mechanical tensile tests along with a recently
+ developed fluorescent tag to visualize channel cracks in the transparent
+ films. All coatings were deposited on polyethylene naphthalate
+ substrates and demonstrated a similar evolution of damage morphology
+ according to applied strain, including channel crack initiation, crack
+ propagation at the critical strain, crack densification up to
+ saturation, and transverse crack formation associated with buckling and
+ delamination. From measurements of crack density versus applied tensile
+ strain coupled with a fracture mechanics model, the mode I fracture
+ toughness of alumina and alucone films was determined to be K(IC) = 1.89
+ +/- 0.10 and 0.17 +/- 0.02 MPa m(0.5), respectively. From measurements
+ of the saturated crack density, the critical interfacial shear stress
+ was estimated to be tau(c) = 39.5 +/- 8.3 and 66.6 +/- 6.1 MPa,
+ respectively. The toughness of nanometer-scale alumina was comparable to
+ that of alumina thin films grown using other techniques, whereas alucone
+ was quite brittle. The use of alucone as a spacer layer between alumina
+ films was not found to increase the critical strain at fracture for the
+ composite films. This performance is attributed to the low toughness of
+ alucone. The experimental results were supported by companion
+ simulations using fracture mechanics formalism for multilayer films. To
+ aid future development, the modeling method was used to study the
+ increase in the toughness and elastic modulus of the spacer layer
+ required to render improved critical strain at fracture. These results
+ may be applied to a broad variety of multilayer material systems
+ composed of ceramic and spacer layers to yield robust coatings for use
+ in chemical barrier and other applications. (C) 2009 American Institute
+ of Physics. {[}DOI: 10.1063/1.3124642]}},
+Publisher = {{AMER INST PHYSICS}},
+Address = {{CIRCULATION \& FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
+ MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Miller, DC (Reprint Author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
+ Miller, David C.; Foster, Ross R.; Zhang, Yadong; Lu, Zhixing; Yang, Ronggui; Lee, Yung-Cheng; Dunn, Martin L., Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
+ Miller, David C.; Foster, Ross R.; Zhang, Yadong; Jen, Shih-Hui; Bertrand, Jacob A.; Lu, Zhixing; Seghete, Dragos; O'Patchen, Jennifer L.; Yang, Ronggui; Lee, Yung-Cheng; George, Steven M.; Dunn, Martin L., Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelect Transducer i, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
+ Jen, Shih-Hui; Bertrand, Jacob A.; Seghete, Dragos; O'Patchen, Jennifer L.; George, Steven M., Univ Colorado, Dept Chem \& Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1063/1.3124642}},
+Article-Number = {{093527}},
+ISSN = {{0021-8979}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THIN-FILM GROWTH; BRITTLE FILMS; CRACKING PHENOMENA; BARRIER COATINGS;
+ POLYESTER FILMS; ALUMINA; FRACTURE; DELAMINATION; PERMEATION; CHEMISTRY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{dcm@colorado.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yang, Ronggui/H-1278-2011
+ George, Steven/O-2163-2013
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184
+ DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{62}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Phys.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{448LE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266263300053}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000269295700018,
+Author = {Ivanov, Dmitry S. and Lomov, Stepan V. and Bogdanovich, Alexander E. and
+ Karahan, Mehmet and Verpoest, Ignaas},
+Title = {{A comparative study of tensile properties of non-crimp 3D orthogonal
+ weave and multi-layer plain weave E-glass composites. Part 2:
+ Comprehensive experimental results}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1144-1157}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This Part 2 paper presents results of comparative experimental study of
+ progressive damage in 2D and 3D woven glass/epoxy composites under
+ in-plane tensile loading. As Part 1, this Part 2 work is focused on the
+ comparison of in-plane tensile properties of two non-crimp single-ply 3D
+ orthogonal weave E-glass fibre composites on one side and a laminate
+ reinforced with four plies of E-glass plain weave on the other. The
+ damage investigation methodology combines mechanical testing with
+ acoustic emission registration (that provides damage initiation
+ thresholds), progressive cracks observation on transparent samples,
+ full-field surface strain mapping and cracks observation on micrographs,
+ altogether enabling for a thorough characterisation of the local micro-
+ and meso-damage modes of the studied composites. The obtained results
+ demonstrate that the non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven composites have
+ significantly higher in-plane strengths, failure strains and damage
+ initiation thresholds than their 2D woven laminated counterpart. The
+ growth of transverse cracks in the yarns of 3D composites is delayed,
+ and they are less prone to a yarn-matrix interfacial crack formation and
+ propagation. Delaminations developing between the plies of plain weave
+ fabric in the laminate at certain load level never appear in the 3D
+ woven single-ply composites. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lomov, SV (Reprint Author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Ivanov, Dmitry S.; Lomov, Stepan V.; Verpoest, Ignaas, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Bogdanovich, Alexander E., 3TEX Inc, Cary, NC 27511 USA.
+ Karahan, Mehmet, Uludag Univ, Vocat Sch Tech Sci, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.04.032}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{Three-dimentional reinforcement; Mechanical properties; Damage; Acoustic
+ emission}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TEXTILE COMPOSITES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{Stepan.Lomov@mtm.kuleuven.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/C-2366-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/0000-0002-8194-4913}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{East-European PhD grant of K.U. Leuven Research Council (D.S. Ivanov);
+ Department MTM}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work reported here has been partially supported by East-European PhD
+ grant of K.U. Leuven Research Council (D.S. Ivanov) and by the
+ Department MTM (research visit of M. Karahan). The help of laboratory
+ staff of the Department MTM - Jo Marien, Kris van der Staey and Johan
+ Vanhuist - is gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{61}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{487SK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000269295700018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266857000005,
+Author = {Kilic, B. and Agwai, A. and Madenci, E.},
+Title = {{Peridynamic theory for progressive damage prediction in center-cracked
+ composite laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{90}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{141-151}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Numerical studies on the failure of composites have mostly employed the
+ finite element method. However, it can be rather challenging to predict
+ failure using this method. The assumption of lamina homogeneity is
+ questionable when predicting failure, though it is suitable for stress
+ analysis. Matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and delamination are inherent
+ to the inhomogeneous nature of the composite, thus the assumption of
+ material homogeneity taints the failure prediction. It is, therefore,
+ essential that the inhomogeneous nature of the composites must be
+ retained in the analysis in order to predict the correct failure modes.
+ Hence, this study considers distinct properties of the fiber and matrix
+ and their volume fractions and fiber orientations while modeling
+ composite laminates. The peridynamic theory is employed to predict the
+ damage in center-cracked laminates with different fiber orientations.
+ The predictions from the peridynamic analysis agree with the
+ experimental observations published in the literature. (C) 2009 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Madenci, E (Reprint Author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp \& Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
+ Kilic, B.; Agwai, A.; Madenci, E., Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp \& Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.02.015}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Progressive; Failure; Composites; Nonlocal; Peridynamic theory}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TENSILE TESTS; ELASTICITY; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{madenci@email.arizona.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{59}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{456OR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266857000005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000265007300015,
+Author = {Fang Guo-dong and Liang Jun and Wang Bao-lai},
+Title = {{Progressive damage and nonlinear analysis of 3D four-directional braided
+ composites under unidirectional tension}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{89}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{126-133}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{A representative Volume cell (RVC) is chosen to analyze the progressive
+ damage behavior of 3D four-directional braided composites with large
+ braid angle Subjected to uniaxial tension. An anisotropic damage model
+ is established by Murakami-Ohno damage theory. A new damage evolvement
+ model is proposed, which is controlled by material fracture energy of
+ braided composites constituents and equivalence displacements. According
+ to the different damage modes (yarn transverse tension, compression and
+ shear; yarn longitudinal tension and compression; matrix cracking), the
+ different damage states and progressive damage of the braided composite
+ are obtained. The numerical results show that the main failure modes of
+ the braided composites are transverse tension, shear breakage of yarns
+ and matrix cracking, which are in good agreement with the relevant
+ experimental results in some literatures. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fang, GD (Reprint Author), Harbin Inst Technol, Ctr Composite Mat, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China.
+ Fang Guo-dong; Liang Jun; Wang Bao-lai, Harbin Inst Technol, Ctr Composite Mat, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.07.016}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{3D braided composites; Damage model; Representative volume cell;
+ Non-linear analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELEMENT SIMULATION; FAILURE ANALYSIS; MODEL;
+ WOVEN; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{fanggd@hit.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}10772060, 10572044]; New
+ Century Excellent Talents in University {[}NCET-05-0346]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China (10772060, 10572044) and the Program for New Century Excellent
+ Talents in University (NCET-05-0346).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{59}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{46}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{430RX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265007300015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266045800005,
+Author = {Bouvet, Christophe and Castanie, Bruno and Bizeul, Matthieu and Barrau,
+ Jean-Jacques},
+Title = {{Low velocity impact modelling in laminate composite panels with discrete
+ interface elements}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{14-15}},
+Pages = {{2809-2821}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{A model enabling the detection of damages developing during a low
+ velocity/low energy impact test on laminate composite panels has been
+ elaborated. The ply model is composed of interface type elements to
+ describe matrix cracks and volumic finite elements. This mesh device
+ allows to respect the material orthotropy of the ply and accounts for
+ the discontinuity experimentally observed. Afterwards delaminations are
+ described with interfaces similar to the ones observed with matrix
+ cracks and the coupling between these two damages are established. In
+ the first step, simple stress criteria are used to drive these interface
+ type elements in order to assess the relevance of model principle.
+ Nevertheless, the well known problem of mesh sensitivity of these
+ criteria prevents the use of this model for now as a predictive tool but
+ rather as a qualitative tool. An experimental validation is carried out
+ thanks to impact experimental tests performed by Aboissiere (2003) and a
+ very good match has been found. However, this model could predictivelly
+ be used and would allow to foresee an original method to detect
+ delaminations during an experimental test. This modelling has been
+ successfully tested experimentally and compared to a C-Scan ultrasonic
+ investigation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bouvet, C (Reprint Author), Univ Toulouse 3, Univ Toulouse, LGMT, Bat 3PN,118 Route Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France.
+ Bouvet, Christophe; Castanie, Bruno; Barrau, Jean-Jacques, Univ Toulouse 3, Univ Toulouse, LGMT, F-31062 Toulouse 04, France.
+ Bizeul, Matthieu, Univ Toulouse, ISAE, DMSM, F-31055 Toulouse, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.03.010}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Impact; Interface; Matrix crack; Delamination; Modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATRIX CRACKING; DELAMINATION; DAMAGE; CRITERIA; PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{bouvet@lgmt.ups-tlse.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Castanie, Bruno/A-8840-2013}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{445IZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266045800005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264047700014,
+Author = {Xue, Liang and Wierzbicki, Tomasz},
+Title = {{Numerical simulation of fracture mode transition in ductile plates}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1423-1435}},
+Month = {{MAR 15}},
+Abstract = {{Fracture mode of ductile solids can vary depending on the history of
+ stress state the material experienced. For example. ductile plates under
+ remote in-plane loading are often found to rupture in mode I or mixed
+ mode I/III. The distinct crack patterns are observed in many different
+ metals and alloys, but until now the underlying physical principles,
+ though highly debated, remain unresolved. Here we show that the existing
+ theories are not capable of capturing the mixed mode I/III due to a
+ missing ingredient in the constitutive equations. We introduce an
+ azimuthal dependent fracture envelope and illustrate that two competing
+ fracture mechanisms, governed by the pressure and the Lode angle of the
+ stress tensor, respectively, exist ahead of the crack tip. Using the
+ continuum damage plasticity model, we demonstrate that the distinctive
+ features of the two crack propagation modes in ductile plates can be
+ reproduced using three dimensional finite element simulations. The
+ magnitude of the tunneling effect and the apparent crack growth
+ resistance are calculated and agree with experimental observations. The
+ finite element mesh size dependences of the fracture mode and the
+ apparent crack growth resistance are also investigated. Published by
+ Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xue, L (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd,M-110, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Xue, Liang; Wierzbicki, Tomasz, MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.11.009}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{Ductile fracture; Damage plasticity; Compact tension; Fracture mode
+ transition; Slant crack}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{2024-T351 ALUMINUM-ALLOY; TIP-OPENING ANGLE; CRACK-GROWTH; HARDENING
+ MATERIAL; SLANT FRACTURE; STRAIN; SHEAR; PROPAGATION; INITIATION;
+ MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{xue@alum.mit.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xue, Liang/A-1266-2007}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Xue, Liang/0000-0003-0468-0624}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{ONR/MURI}},
+Funding-Text = {{Support of this work came in part from the ONR/MURI award to MIT through
+ the Office of Naval Research.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{417AU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264047700014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000267270000015,
+Author = {Laurencin, J. and Delette, G. and Morel, B. and Lefebvre-Joud, F. and
+ Dupeux, M.},
+Title = {{Solid Oxide Fuel Cells damage mechanisms due to Ni-YSZ re-oxidation:
+ Case of the Anode Supported Cell}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{192}},
+Number = {{2, SI}},
+Pages = {{344-352}},
+Month = {{JUL 15}},
+Abstract = {{The effects of Ni-YSZ cermet re-oxidation in anode supported Solid Oxide
+ Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have been investigated. Damage mechanisms have been
+ studied in both cases of direct oxidation in air (i.e., fuel shutdown)
+ or by an ionic current (i.e., fuel starvation).
+ Direct oxidation tests show that the electrolyte cracks for a conversion
+ degree of Ni into NiO ranging between similar to 58 and similar to 71\%.
+ This failure mode has been modelled considering both the bulk expansion
+ of the cermet induced by the transformation of the Ni phase and the
+ change of mechanical stresses in the multilayered cell.
+ In the case of fuel starvation, a thin layer of the cermet was
+ electrochemically re-oxidised at 800 degrees C and then reduced under a
+ hydrogen stream. This `redox' cycle was repeated until the degradation
+ of the cell. The evolution of the impedance diagrams recorded after each
+ cycle suggests that the cermet damages in an area close to
+ anode/electrolyte interface. The mechanical modelling states that a
+ delamination can occur along the interface between the Anode Functional
+ Layer(AFL) and the Anode Current Collector (ACC) substrate. This
+ theoretical result confirms the experimental trends observed by
+ impedance spectroscopy. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Laurencin, J (Reprint Author), CEA LITEN DTH LEV, 17 Ave Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
+ Laurencin, J.; Delette, G.; Morel, B.; Lefebvre-Joud, F., CEA LITEN DTH LEV, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
+ Dupeux, M., SIMAP INP Grenoble CNRS UJF, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.02.089}},
+ISSN = {{0378-7753}},
+Keywords = {{SOFC; Cermet Ni-YSZ; Re-oxidation; Degradation; Impedance spectroscopy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; REDOX BEHAVIOR; SOFC ANODES;
+ DEGRADATION; REDUCTION; CRACKING; CERMET; ELECTRODE; COATINGS; ZIRCONIA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy \& Fuels; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy \& Fuels; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{laurencin@chartreuse.cea.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}SES6-CT-2003-502612]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank Mr. B. Sommacal and Mr. H. Giraud for
+ their technical contributions and Dr. S. Rosini for many useful
+ discussions. Part of this work has been obtained in the framework of
+ national research programs led by Mr. S. Hody from GdF/Suez and
+ supported by the French Research Agency (PanH). The authors would like
+ to thank Dr. N.H. Menzler and Dr. R. Steinberger-Wilckens from
+ Forschungszentrum Julich for the critical reading of the paper and for
+ providing the cells in the frame of the Real-SOFC project (project
+ supported by the European Union: contract number SES6-CT-2003-502612).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{49}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Power Sources}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{461MB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267270000015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264385000005,
+Author = {Tan, Yuanqiang and Yang, Dongmin and Sheng, Yong},
+Title = {{Discrete element method (DEM) modeling of fracture and damage in the
+ machining process of polycrystalline SiC}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{29}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1029-1037}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Discrete element method (DEM) was employed in the research works
+ presented in this paper to simulate the microscopic machining process of
+ ceramics. A densely packed particle assembly system of the
+ polycrystalline SiC has been generated in DEM software package PFC2D
+ using bonded-particle model (BPM) in order to represent for the ceramic
+ part numerically. Microscopic mechanical properties of SiC were
+ calibrated by comparing the numerical tests in PFC2D with the equivalent
+ experimental results, and introduced into the subsequent modeling of the
+ ceramic machining process. The dynamic process of initiation and
+ propagation of the micro-cracks under various machining conditions has
+ been explicitly modeled in the DEM simulations. The numerical results
+ from DEM modeling agreed well with the experimental observations and
+ theoretical predictions. Rational relations between cracking damage of
+ ceramics and cutting conditions have been established based on the
+ analysis of simulation results. A generalized model of defining the
+ range of inelastic zone has also been developed based on the numerical
+ results. Moreover, this study has demonstrated the advantage of DEM
+ model in its capability of revealing the mechanical details of machining
+ process at micro-scale. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sheng, Y (Reprint Author), Univ Leeds, Sch Civil Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
+ Sheng, Yong, Univ Leeds, Sch Civil Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
+ Tan, Yuanqiang; Yang, Dongmin, Xiangtan Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.07.060}},
+ISSN = {{0955-2219}},
+Keywords = {{SiC; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Fracture; Discrete element
+ method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BONDED-PARTICLE MODEL; ADVANCED CERAMICS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR;
+ MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MATERIAL REMOVAL; SIMULATION; ROCK; ALUMINA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Ceramics}},
+Author-Email = {{y.sheng@leeds.ac.uk}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}50675185]; program of
+ New Century Excellent Talents {[}NCET06-0708]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China (50675185) and by the program of New Century Excellent Talents
+ (NCET06-0708).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{49}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{421UY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264385000005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264000500015,
+Author = {Cao, Maosen and Qiao, Pizhong},
+Title = {{Novel Laplacian scheme and multiresolution modal curvatures for
+ structural damage identification}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{1223-1242}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Modal curvature is more sensitive to structural damage than directly
+ measured mode shape, and the standard Laplace operator is commonly used
+ to acquire the modal curvatures from the mode shapes. However, the
+ standard Laplace operator is very prone to noise, which often leads to
+ the degraded modal curvatures incapable of identifying damage. To
+ overcome this problem, a novel Laplacian scheme is proposed, from which
+ an improved damage identification algorithm is developed. The proposed
+ step-by-step procedures in the algorithm include: (1) By progressively
+ upsampling the standard Laplace operator, a new Laplace operator is
+ constructed, from which a Laplace operator array is formed; (2) by
+ applying the Laplace operator array to the retrieved mode shape of a
+ damaged structure, the multiresolution curvature mode shapes are
+ produced, on which the damage trait, previously shadowed under the
+ standard Laplace operator, can be revealed by a ridge of multiresolution
+ modal curvatures; (3) a Gaussian filter is then incorporated into the
+ new Laplace operator to produce a more versatile Laplace operator with
+ properties of both the smoothness and differential capabilities, in
+ which the damage feature is effectively strengthened: and (4) a
+ smoothened nonlinear energy operator is introduced to further enhance
+ the damage feature by eliminating the trend interference of the
+ multiresolution modal curvatures, and it results in a significantly
+ improved damage trait. The proposed algorithm is tested using the data
+ generated by an analytical crack beam model, and its applicability is
+ validated with an experimental program of a delaminated composite beam
+ using scanning laser vibrometer (SLV) to acquire mode shapes. The
+ results are compared in each step, showing increasing degree of
+ improvement for damage effect. Numerical and experimental results
+ demonstrate that the proposed novel Laplacian scheme provides a
+ promising damage identification algorithm, which exhibits apparent
+ advantages (e.g., high-noise insusceptibility, insightful in damage
+ revealment, and visualized damage presentation) over the standard
+ Laplace operator. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Qiao, PZ (Reprint Author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Cao, Maosen; Qiao, Pizhong, Washington State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Cao, Maosen; Qiao, Pizhong, Washington State Univ, Wood Mat \& Engn Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Cao, Maosen; Qiao, Pizhong, Hohai Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Engn Mech, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
+ Cao, Maosen, Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Hydraul \& Civil Engn, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2008.10.001}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{Mode shapes; Modal curvatures; Multiresolution; Vibration; Laplace
+ operator; Damage identification; Crack; Delamination; Beam}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BEAM-TYPE STRUCTURES; CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITE BEAMS; WAVELET TRANSFORM;
+ CANTILEVER BEAM; SHAPE; LOCALIZATION; FREQUENCY; ALGORITHMS; LOCATION;
+ OPERATOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{Qiao@wsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Pizhong/A-3382-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Qiao, Pizhong/0000-0003-2769-0147}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Alaska University Transportation Center (AUTC) {[}DTRT06-G-0011];
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}50608027]; Ministry of
+ Education of the People's Republic of China}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study is partially supported by the Alaska University
+ Transportation Center (AUTC) (Contract/Grant no.: DTRT06-G-0011) on
+ Smart FRP Composite Sandwich Bridge Decks in Cold Regions and the Wood
+ Materials Engineering Laboratory (WMEL) at Washington State University.
+ The first author (MC) would like to acknowledge the support from the
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.: 50608027);
+ while the second author (PQ) would also like to extend his gratitude to
+ the Changjiang Scholar Award from the Ministry of Education of the
+ People's Republic of China.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{416IX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264000500015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000267254500003,
+Author = {Multon, Stephane and Sellier, Alain and Cyr, Martin},
+Title = {{Chemo-mechanical modeling for prediction of alkali silica reaction (ASR)
+ expansion}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{490-500}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The effect of the size of the aggregate on ASR expansion has already
+ been well illustrated. This paper presents a microscopic model to
+ analyze the development of ASR expansion of mortars containing reactive
+ aggregate of different sizes. The attack of the reactive silica by
+ alkali was determined through the mass balance equation, which controls
+ the diffusion mechanism in the aggregate and the fixation of the alkali
+ in the ASR gels. The mechanical part of the model is based on the damage
+ theory in order to assess the decrease of stiffness of the mortar due to
+ cracking caused by ASR and to calculate the expansion of a
+ Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of concrete. Parameters of the
+ model were estimated by curve fitting the expansions of four
+ experimental mortars. The paper shows that the decrease of expansion
+ with the size of the aggregate and the increase of the expansion with
+ the alkali content are reproduced by the model, which is able to predict
+ the expansions of six other mortars containing two sizes of reactive
+ aggregate and cast with two alkali contents. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Multon, S (Reprint Author), Univ Toulouse, UPS, INSA, LMDC, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse 04, France.
+ Multon, Stephane; Sellier, Alain; Cyr, Martin, Univ Toulouse, UPS, INSA, LMDC, F-31077 Toulouse 04, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.03.007}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{Alkali-silica reaction (ASR); Particle size; Alkali content; Expansion;
+ Model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONCRETE STRUCTURES; AGGREGATE REACTION; FLY-ASH; MECHANISM; SIZE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{multon@insa-toulouse.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{CYR, Martin/A-8953-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{CYR, Martin/0000-0002-5012-9131}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{461HD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267254500003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266710300015,
+Author = {Ummenhofer, Thomas and Medgenberg, Justus},
+Title = {{On the use of infrared thermography for the analysis of fatigue damage
+ processes in welded joints}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{130-137}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Note = {{6th International Conference on Fracture and Damage Mechanics, Madeira,
+ PORTUGAL, JUL 17-19, 2007}},
+Organization = {{Inst Super Tecnico; ICIST, Inst Engenhar Esruturas, Territor Construcao;
+ Harbin Engn Univ}},
+Abstract = {{The paper presents an experimental approach for the analysis of
+ localized fatigue damage processes during fatigue testing of welded
+ steel structures by thermographic investigations of thermomechanical
+ coupling phenomena. Special data processing of the recorded infrared
+ sequences is proposed to separate linear and nonlinear damage-indicating
+ effects. The method has been successfully applied to analyze the damage
+ progress during fatigue testing of welded components. On the tested
+ components localized damage processes could be observed as early as
+ 10-30\% of the total fatigue lifetime. The results confirm the high
+ potential of the methodology for the determination of fatigue damage
+ initiation. The technique provides a powerful experimental tool to
+ investigate localized inhomogeneous damage and to analyze complex
+ fatigue processes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Medgenberg, J (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Bauwerkserhaltung \& Tragwerk, Pockelsstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
+ Ummenhofer, Thomas; Medgenberg, Justus, Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Bauwerkserhaltung \& Tragwerk, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.04.005}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Thermography; Experimental technique; Damage accumulation; Fatigue
+ initiation; Welded joints; Nondestructive testing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THERMOELASTIC STRESS-ANALYSIS; CRACK INITIATION; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{t.ummenhofer@tu-braunschweig.de
+ j.med-genberg@tu-braunschweig.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{454VF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266710300015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000271137400005,
+Author = {Khaji, N. and Shafiei, M. and Jalalpour, M.},
+Title = {{Closed-form solutions for crack detection problem of Timoshenko beams
+ with various boundary conditions}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{51}},
+Number = {{9-10}},
+Pages = {{667-681}},
+Month = {{SEP-OCT}},
+Abstract = {{An analytical approach for crack identification procedure in uniform
+ beams with an open edge crack, based on bending vibration measurements,
+ is developed in this research. The cracked beam is modeled as two
+ segments connected by a rotational mass-less linear elastic spring with
+ sectional flexibility, and each segment of the continuous beam is
+ assumed to obey Timoshenko beam theory. The method is based on the
+ assumption that the equivalent spring stiffness does not depend on the
+ frequency of vibration, and may be obtained from fracture mechanics. Six
+ various boundary conditions (i.e., simply supported, simple-clamped,
+ clamped-clamped, simple-free shear, clamped-free shear, and cantilever
+ beam) are considered in this research. Considering appropriate
+ compatibility requirements at the cracked section and the corresponding
+ boundary conditions, closed-form expressions for the characteristic
+ equation of each of the six cracked beams are reached. The results
+ provide simple expressions for the characteristic equations, which are
+ functions of circular natural frequencies. crack location, and crack
+ depth. Methods for solving forward solutions (i.e., determination of
+ natural frequencies of beams knowing the crack parameters) are discussed
+ and verified through a large number of finite-element analyses. By
+ knowing the natural frequencies in bending vibrations, it is possible to
+ study the inverse problem in which the crack location and the sectional
+ flexibility may be determined using the characteristic equation. The
+ crack depth is then computed using the relationship between the
+ sectional flexibility and the crack depth. The proposed analytical
+ method is also validated using numerical studies on cracked beam
+ examples with different boundary conditions. There is quite encouraging
+ agreement between the results of the present study and those numerically
+ obtained by the finite-element method. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Khaji, N (Reprint Author), Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Civil Engn, POB 14155-4838, Tehran, Iran.
+ Khaji, N.; Shafiei, M.; Jalalpour, M., Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tehran, Iran.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2009.07.004}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+Keywords = {{Crack detection; Timoshenko beam; Natural frequency; Boundary
+ conditions; Bending vibrations; Finite element}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EXPERIMENTAL MODAL DATA; SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS; NATURAL FREQUENCIES;
+ DAMAGE DETECTION; BENDING VIBRATIONS; CANTILEVER BEAM;
+ FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY; STRUCTURAL DAMAGE; DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; INVERSE
+ METHODS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{nkhaji@modares.ac.ir}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{54}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{511BB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000271137400005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000267401900015,
+Author = {Santus, C. and Taylor, D.},
+Title = {{Physically short crack propagation in metals during high cycle fatigue}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{8-9}},
+Pages = {{1356-1365}},
+Month = {{AUG-SEP}},
+Abstract = {{In metals, during high cycle fatigue on plain specimens, almost the
+ entire fatigue life is spent as short crack initiation and propagation.
+ The fatigue short crack life can be schematically divided into two
+ subsequent phases: microstructurally short crack and physically short
+ crack. Recently, Chapetti proposed a physically short crack threshold
+ and propagation driving force model {[}Chapetti MD. Fatigue propagation
+ threshold of short cracks under constant amplitude loading. Int J
+ Fatigue 2003;25(12):1319-1326]. In his model the physically short crack
+ behavior is obtained from the long crack propagation, just introducing
+ the reduced threshold due to unsaturated closure. In the present paper
+ the physically short crack propagation is similarly modeled by means of
+ a driving force equation, but independent from the long crack
+ propagation. In this way, a better description of the short crack
+ behavior is provided, however short crack propagation data is required.
+ Physically short crack propagation model parameters were obtained, by
+ fitting experimental data drawn from the literature, for two aluminum
+ alloys and a titanium alloy at two different heat treatment conditions
+ and load ratios.
+ By calculating the physically short crack plus long crack propagation,
+ and assuming microstructurally short crack as part of the initiation
+ stage, a purer information about crack initiation can be drawn from the
+ S-N curves, and it is shown in the paper for the investigated materials.
+ A precise crack initiation size and the number of cycles just for
+ initiation are then provided. This information is useful to accurately
+ predict fatigue life for blunt notched and for thick components, where
+ the propagation is much higher than in the small plain specimen.
+ A validation of the model was obtained by predicting the fatigue life of
+ a notched specimen. An accurate prediction was obtained both when the
+ initiation was much smaller than propagation and when almost the entire
+ fatigue life was initiation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Santus, C (Reprint Author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan Nucl \& Prod, Via Diotisalvi 2, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
+ Santus, C., Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan Nucl \& Prod, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
+ Taylor, D., Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.03.002}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Microstructurally short cracks; Physically short cracks; Fatigue crack
+ initiation; Fatigue crack propagation; Notched component fatigue life}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FOREIGN-OBJECT DAMAGE; ROUND BARS; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; 7075-T6 ALUMINUM;
+ GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; TI-6AL-4V ALLOY; CYLINDRICAL ROD; THRESHOLD;
+ MICROSTRUCTURE; ROUGHNESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ciro.santus@ing.unipi.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Santus, Ciro/0000-0003-0859-626X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{463AX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267401900015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000273199200055,
+Author = {Garkusha, I. E. and Arkhipov, N. I. and Klimov, N. S. and Makhlaj, V. A.
+ and Safronov, V. M. and Landman, I. and Tereshin, V. I.},
+Title = {{The latest results from ELM-simulation experiments in plasma
+ accelerators}},
+Journal = {{PHYSICA SCRIPTA}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{T138}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Note = {{12th International Workshop on Plasma-Facing Materials and Components
+ for Fusion Applications, Julich, GERMANY, MAY, 2009}},
+Abstract = {{Recent results of ELM-simulation experiments with quasi-stationary
+ plasma accelerators (QSPAs) Kh-50 (Kharkov, Ukraine) and QSPA-T
+ (Troitsk, Russia) as well as experiments in the pulsed plasma gun
+ MK-200UG (Troitsk, Russia) are discussed. Primary attention in Troitsk
+ experiments has been focused on investigating the carbon-fibre composite
+ (CFC) and tungsten erosion mechanisms, their onset conditions and the
+ contribution of various erosion mechanisms (including droplet splashing)
+ to the resultant surface damage at varying plasma heat flux. The
+ obtained results are used for validating the numerical codes PEGASUS and
+ MEMOS developed in FZK. Crack patterns and residual stresses in tungsten
+ targets under repetitive edge localized mode (ELM)-like plasma pulses
+ are studied in simulation experiments with QSPA Kh-50. Statistical
+ processing of the experimental results on crack patterns after different
+ numbers of QSPA Kh-50 exposures as well as those on the dependence of
+ cracking on the heat load and surface temperature is performed.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Garkusha, IE (Reprint Author), NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.
+ Garkusha, I. E.; Makhlaj, V. A.; Tereshin, V. I., NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.
+ Arkhipov, N. I.; Klimov, N. S.; Safronov, V. M., SRC RF TRINITI, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Reg, Russia.
+ Landman, I., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IHM, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0031-8949/2009/T138/014054}},
+Article-Number = {{014054}},
+ISSN = {{0031-8949}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ITER; EROSION; DISRUPTIONS; TARGET}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{garkusha@ipp.kharkov.ua}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Garkusha, Igor/0000-0001-6538-6862
+ Makhlai, Vadym/0000-0002-5258-7793}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{14}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Phys. Scr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{538QN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000273199200055}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264103200009,
+Author = {Kim, Dong Joo and El-Tawil, Sherif and Naaman, Antoine E.},
+Title = {{Rate-dependent tensile behavior of high performance fiber reinforced
+ cementitious composites}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{399-414}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HPFRCC) show
+ strain hardening behavior accompanied with multiple micro-cracks under
+ static tension. The high ductility and load carrying capacity resulting
+ from their strain hardening behavior is expected to increase the
+ resisting capacity of structures subjected to extreme loading
+ situations, e.g., earthquake, impact or blast. However, the promise of
+ HPFRCCs for dynamic loading applications stems from their observed good
+ response under static loading. In fact, very little research has been
+ conducted to investigate if their good static response translates into
+ improved dynamic response and damage tolerance. This experimental study
+ investigates the tensile behavior of HPFRCC using High strength steel
+ fibers (High strength hooked fiber and twisted fiber) under various
+ strain rates ranging from static to seismic rates. The test results
+ indicate that the tensile behavior of HPFRCC using twisted fiber shows
+ rate sensitivity while that using hooked fiber shows no rate
+ sensitivity. The results also show that rate sensitivity in twisted
+ fibers is dependent upon both fiber volume fraction and matrix strength,
+ which influences the interface bond properties.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{El-Tawil, S (Reprint Author), Univ Michigan, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, 2350 Hayward,2374 GG Brown Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
+ Kim, Dong Joo; El-Tawil, Sherif; Naaman, Antoine E., Univ Michigan, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1617/s11527-008-9390-x}},
+ISSN = {{1359-5997}},
+Keywords = {{HPFRCC; Rate sensitivity; Twisted (Torex) fiber; High strength hooked
+ fiber; Matrix composition; Fiber volume fraction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STEEL FIBER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; IMPACT RESPONSE; CONCRETE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{kdjoo@umich.edu
+ eltawil@umich.edu
+ naaman@umich.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{El-Tawil, Sherif/0000-0001-6437-5176}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}CMS 0408623, 0530383]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research described herein was sponsored by the National Science
+ Foundation under Grants No. CMS 0408623 and 0530383. The opinions
+ expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily
+ reflect the views of the sponsor.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{417UE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264103200009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000265999800007,
+Author = {Prasannavenkatesan, Rajesh and Zhang, Jixi and McDowell, David L. and
+ Olson, Gregory B. and Jou, Herng-Jeng},
+Title = {{3D modeling of subsurface fatigue crack nucleation potency of primary
+ inclusions in heat treated and shot peened martensitic gear steels}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1176-1189}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{A computational strategy is developed to characterize the driving force
+ for fatigue crack nucleation at subsurface primary inclusions in
+ carburized and shot peened C61 (R) martensitic gear steels. Experimental
+ investigation revealed minimum fatigue strength to be controlled by
+ subsurface fatigue crack nucleation at inclusion clusters under cyclic
+ bending. An algorithm is presented to simulate residual stress
+ distribution induced through the shot peening process following
+ carburization and tempering. A methodology is developed to analyze
+ potency of fatigue crack nucleation at subsurface inclusions.
+ Rate-independent 3D finite element analyses are performed to evaluate
+ plastic deformation during processing and service. The specimen is
+ subjected to reversed bending stress cycles with R = 0.05,
+ representative of loading on a gear tooth. The matrix is modeled as an
+ elastic-plastic material with pure nonlinear kinematic hardening. The
+ inclusions are modeled as isotropic, linear elastic. Idealized inclusion
+ geometries (ellipsoidal) are considered to study the fatigue crack
+ nucleation potency at various subsurface depths. Three distinct types of
+ second-phase particles (perfectly bonded, partially debonded, and
+ cracked) are analyzed. Parametric studies quantify the effects of
+ inclusion size, orientation and clustering on subsurface crack
+ nucleation in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) or very high cycle fatigue
+ (VHCF) regimes. The nonlocal average values of maximum plastic shear
+ strain amplitude and Fatemi-Socie (FS) parameter calculated in the
+ proximity of the inclusions are considered as the primary driving force
+ parameters for fatigue crack nucleation and microstructurally small
+ crack growth. The simulations indicate a strong propensity for crack
+ nucleation at subsurface depths in agreement with experiments in which
+ fatigue cracks nucleated at inclusion clusters, still in the compressive
+ residual stress field. It is observed that the gradient from the surface
+ of residual stress distribution, bending stress, and carburized material
+ properties play a pivotal role in fatigue crack nucleation and small
+ crack growth at subsurface primary inclusions. The fatigue potency of
+ inclusion clusters is greatly increased by prior interfacial damage
+ during processing. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{McDowell, DL (Reprint Author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Prasannavenkatesan, Rajesh; McDowell, David L., Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ McDowell, David L., Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci \& Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Zhang, Jixi, Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
+ Olson, Gregory B., Northwestern Univ, Robert R McCormick Sch Engn \& Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Olson, Gregory B.; Jou, Herng-Jeng, Questek Innovat LLC, Evanston, IL 60201 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.12.001}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Shot peening; Residual stress; 3D finite element analysis; Fatigue crack
+ nucleation; Subsurface cracking; Inclusions}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; RESIDUAL-STRESS
+ RELAXATION; AL-SI ALLOYS; CARBURIZED STEEL; FINITE-ELEMENT; GIGACYCLE
+ FATIGUE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SMALL DEFECTS; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Olson, Gregory/B-7529-2009
+ Prasannavenkatesan, Rajesh/G-2104-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{68}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{444SD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265999800007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000269553500009,
+Author = {Saafi, Mohamed},
+Title = {{Wireless and embedded carbon nanotube networks for damage detection in
+ concrete structures}},
+Journal = {{NANOTECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{20}},
+Number = {{39}},
+Month = {{SEP 30}},
+Abstract = {{Concrete structures undergo an uncontrollable damage process manifesting
+ in the form of cracks due to the coupling of fatigue loading and
+ environmental effects. In order to achieve long-term durability and
+ performance, continuous health monitoring systems are needed to make
+ critical decisions regarding operation, maintenance and repairs. Recent
+ advances in nanostructured materials such as carbon nanotubes have
+ opened the door for new smart and advanced sensing materials that could
+ effectively be used in health monitoring of structures where wireless
+ and real time sensing could provide information on damage development.
+ In this paper, carbon nanotube networks were embedded into a cement
+ matrix to develop an in situ wireless and embedded sensor for damage
+ detection in concrete structures. By wirelessly measuring the change in
+ the electrical resistance of the carbon nanotube networks, the progress
+ of damage can be detected and monitored. As a proof of concept, wireless
+ cement-carbon nanotube sensors were embedded into concrete beams and
+ subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading to evaluate the effect of
+ damage on their response. Experimental results showed that the wireless
+ response of the embedded nanotube sensors changes due to the formation
+ of cracks during loading. In addition, the nanotube sensors were able to
+ detect the initiation of damage at an early stage of loading.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Saafi, M (Reprint Author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Construct Engn \& Management, Fargo, ND 58108 USA.
+ N Dakota State Univ, Dept Construct Engn \& Management, Fargo, ND 58108 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0957-4484/20/39/395502}},
+Article-Number = {{395502}},
+ISSN = {{0957-4484}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{mohamed.saafi@ndsu.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Nanotechnology}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{491CC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000269553500009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266142000005,
+Author = {Laiarinandrasana, L. and Besson, J. and Lafarge, M. and Hochstetter, G.},
+Title = {{Temperature dependent mechanical behaviour of PVDF: Experiments and
+ numerical modelling}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{25}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1301-1324}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The mechanical behaviour of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) is analysed.
+ To this end, tensile tests are performed on both smooth and notched
+ specimens, for several values of the notch radius in order to set
+ specific values of the stress triaxiality ratio in the net section.
+ Tests were performed at various temperatures and at various strain
+ rates. Experimental data together with fracture surface examinations by
+ SEM allow the dependence of deformation and void growth processes on
+ strain rate and temperature to be investigated. This experimental work
+ was carried out in order to test the mechanics of porous media model.
+ For each investigated temperature, constitutive relations take both
+ porosity and strain rate sensitivity into account. The model is proposed
+ for deformation leading to crazing. The material coefficients are
+ optimised by imposing a continuous dependence on temperature. (C) 2008
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Laiarinandrasana, L (Reprint Author), CNRS, UMR 7633, Ctr Mat, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Laiarinandrasana, L.; Besson, J.; Lafarge, M., CNRS, UMR 7633, Ctr Mat, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Lafarge, M., CRRA, ARKEMA, F-69493 Pierre Benite, France.
+ Hochstetter, G., Ctr Etude Rech \& Dev CERDATO, ARKEMA, F-27470 Serquigny, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.09.008}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+Keywords = {{PVDF; Damage; Mechanical properties; Porous media; FE modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE PVDF; GLASSY-POLYMERS; SEMICRYSTALLINE POLYMERS;
+ LARGE-DEFORMATION; VOID NUCLEATION; DAMAGE BEHAVIOR; CRACK-GROWTH;
+ STRAIN; FRACTURE; PLASTICITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{lucien.laiarinandrasana@ensmp.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Besson, Jacques/A-4144-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Besson, Jacques/0000-0003-1975-2408}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{446SS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266142000005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000268496400001,
+Author = {Mughrabi, Hael},
+Title = {{Cyclic Slip Irreversibilities and the Evolution of Fatigue Damage}},
+Journal = {{METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND
+ MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{431-453}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{In this article, the physical origin of fatigue crack initiation in
+ ductile metals is discussed from a historical perspective. The main
+ focus is to assess those cyclic slip irreversibilities in a
+ microstructural sense that occur not only at the surface but also in the
+ bulk at the dislocation scale and to show how they contribute to surface
+ fatigue damage. The evolution of early fatigue damage, as evidenced
+ experimentally in the last decades, is reviewed. The phenomenon of
+ cyclic strain localization in persistent slip bands (PSBs) and models of
+ the formation of extrusions, intrusions, and microcracks are discussed
+ in detail. The predictions of these models are compared with
+ experimental evidence obtained on mono- and polycrystalline
+ face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals. In addition, examples of the evolution
+ of fatigue damage in selected fcc solid solution alloys and
+ precipitation-hardened alloys and in body-centered-cubic (bcc) metals
+ are analyzed. Where possible, the cyclic slip irreversibilities p,
+ defined as the fraction of plastic shear strain that is
+ microstructurally irreversible, have been estimated quantitatively.
+ Broadly speaking, p has been found to vary over orders of magnitude (0 <
+ p < 1), being almost negligible at low loading amplitudes (high fatigue
+ lives) and substantial at larger loading amplitudes (low fatigue lives).}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mughrabi, H (Reprint Author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Werkstoffwissensch, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
+ Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Werkstoffwissensch, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11663-009-9240-4}},
+ISSN = {{1073-5615}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; AUSTENITIC
+ STAINLESS-STEEL; LOW-AMPLITUDE FATIGUE; STRESS-STRAIN RESPONSE;
+ NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; LOW-CARBON STEEL; CRACK INITIATION; ALPHA-IRON;
+ DISLOCATION-STRUCTURES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{mughrabi@ww.uni-erlangen.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{134}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{66}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{477CY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000268496400001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000269078900004,
+Author = {Pineda, Evan J. and Waas, Anthony M. and Bednarcyk, Brett A. and
+ Collier, Craig S. and Yarrington, Phillip W.},
+Title = {{Progressive damage and failure modeling in notched laminated fiber
+ reinforced composites}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{158}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{125-143}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Note = {{Symposium on Virtual Fracture Testing of Composite Materials and
+ Structures held at the 8th World Congress of Computational Mechanics,
+ Venice, ITALY, JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008}},
+Organization = {{Int Assoc Computat Mech; Int Union Theoret \& Appl Mech}},
+Abstract = {{A novel progressive damage and failure model for fiber reinforced
+ laminated composites is presented in this work. The model uses the
+ thermodynamically based Schapery Theory (ST) to model progressive
+ microdamage in the matrix phase. Matrix failure is not governed with a
+ matrix failure criterion, but rather matrix failure occurs naturally
+ through the evolution of microdamage. A maximum strain criterion is used
+ to dictate tensile failure in the fiber direction, while compressive
+ failure is automatically accounted for by allowing local fiber rotations
+ and tracking the evolution of rotation. The results of this model are
+ compared to a previously developed model that used ST at the lamina
+ level to calculate matrix microdamage, but used the Generalized Method
+ of Cells to resolve the lamina level strains into constituent level
+ stresses and strains and determines constituent failure by evaluating
+ failure criteria at the micro, fiber/matrix level. Results for global
+ load versus displacement and local strain from both models are compared
+ to experimental data for notched laminates loaded in uniaxial tension.
+ The results show remarkable agreement qualitatively, and in many cases
+ the quantitative agreement is good. Accurate damage contours and failure
+ paths are predicted.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Waas, AM (Reprint Author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
+ Waas, Anthony M., Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
+ Bednarcyk, Brett A., NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.
+ Collier, Craig S.; Yarrington, Phillip W., Collier Res Corp, Hampton, VA USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-009-9370-3}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HOLE TENSILE SPECIMENS; FULL-FIELD ASSESSMENT; PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES;
+ TRANSVERSE COMPRESSION; FEM IMPLEMENTATION; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; MATRIX
+ CRACKING; PART I; MECHANICS; CRITERION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{dcw@umich.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{67}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{484WF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000269078900004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266656700002,
+Author = {Nahshon, Ken and Xue, Zhenyu},
+Title = {{A modified Gurson model and its application to punch-out experiments}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{76}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{997-1009}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Recent experimental evidence has reiterated that ductile fracture is a
+ strong function of stress triaxiality. Under high stress triaxiality
+ loading, failure occurs as a result of void growth and subsequent
+ necking of inter-void ligaments while under low stress triaxiality
+ failure is driven by shear localization of plastic strain in these
+ ligaments due to void rotation and distortion. The original Gurson model
+ is unable to capture localization and fracture for low triaxiality,
+ shear-dominated deformations unless void nucleation is invoked. A
+ phenomenological modification to the Gurson model that incorporates
+ damage accumulation under shearing has been proposed. Here we further
+ extend the model and develop the corresponding numerical implementation
+ method. Several benchmark tests are performed in order to verify the
+ code. Finally, the model is utilized to model quasi-static punch-out
+ experiments on DH36 steel. It is shown that the proposed modified Gurson
+ model, in contrast to the original model, is able to capture the
+ through-thickness development of cracks as well as the punch response.
+ Thus, the computational fracture approaches based on the modified Gurson
+ model may be applied to shear-dominated failures. Published by Elsevier
+ Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xue, ZY (Reprint Author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn \& Appl Sci, 29 Oxford St,Pierce 316, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
+ Nahshon, Ken; Xue, Zhenyu, Harvard Univ, Sch Engn \& Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.01.003}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{Plasticity; Void growth; Shear fracture; Shear-off; Gurson model;
+ Fracture strain}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DUCTILE FRACTURE; RUPTURE MECHANISMS; COMBINED TENSION; VOID NUCLEATION;
+ GROWTH; SHEAR; STRAIN; PLATES; COALESCENCE; INITIATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{xue@seas.harvard.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xue, Zhenyu/B-4658-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Xue, Zhenyu/0000-0002-0091-334X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{ONR {[}N00014-04-1-0154]; Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
+ Harvard University; National Defense Science}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported in part by ONR Grant N00014-04-1-0154 and in
+ part by the Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard
+ University. K.N. acknowledges support from the National Defense Science,
+ Robert L. Wallace, and Engineering Graduate Fellowship programs. The
+ authors wish to thank Prof. F. Zok and Dr. M. Pontin (UCSB) for the
+ quasi-static punch data, and Prof. J.W. Hutchinson (Harvard) for many
+ helpful discussions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{454BN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266656700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000271668200024,
+Author = {Gollerthan, S. and Young, M. L. and Neuking, K. and Ramamurty, U. and
+ Eggeler, G.},
+Title = {{Direct physical evidence for the back-transformation of stress-induced
+ martensite in the vicinity of cracks in pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory
+ alloys}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Number = {{19}},
+Pages = {{5892-5897}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{Crack loading and crack extension in pseudoelastic binary NiTi shape
+ memory alloy (SMA) miniature compact tension (CT) specimens with 50.7
+ at.\% Ni (austenitic, pseudoelastic) was investigated using infrared
+ (IR) thermography during in situ loading and unloading. IR thermographic
+ measurements allow for the observation of heat effects associated with
+ the stress-induced transformation of martensite from B2 to BIT during
+ loading and the reverse transformation during unloading. The results are
+ compared with optical images and discussed in terms of the crack growth
+ mechanisms in pseudoelastic NiTi SMAs. Direct experimental evidence is
+ presented which shows that crack growth occurs into a stress-induced
+ martensitic microstructure, which immediately retransforms to austenite
+ in the wake of the crack. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Young, ML (Reprint Author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Werkstoffe, Univ Str 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
+ Gollerthan, S.; Young, M. L.; Neuking, K.; Eggeler, G., Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Werkstoffe, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
+ Ramamurty, U., Indian Inst Sci, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2009.08.015}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{Shape memory alloys (SMA); Martensitic phase transformation; Infrared
+ thermography; Fracture; Tension test}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{X-RAY; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; FATIGUE; GROWTH; TIP; DIFFRACTION; COMPOSITES;
+ FRACTURE; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{marcus.young@rub.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ramamurty, Upadrasta/E-5623-2011
+ Eggeler, Gunther/R-9833-2016}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{DFG {[}EG101/10-2]; Helmholtz Association {[}VH-VI-102]; Alexander von
+ Humboldt Foundation}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge funding by the DFG through Project EG101/10-2
+ and by Helmholtz Association funds VH-VI-102. M.L.Y. acknowledges
+ funding from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{518CQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000271668200024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000271306700009,
+Author = {Andreaus, U. and Baragatti, P.},
+Title = {{Fatigue crack growth, free vibrations, and breathing crack detection of
+ aluminium alloy and steel beams}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{595-608}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper deals with online controlled propagation and vibration-based
+ detection of fatigue cracks in metal beams constituted of two different
+ materials: 6082-T651 aluminium alloy and Fe430 steel. The study
+ addresses the initiation and propagation of cracks in the structures and
+ their influence on the free-vibration dynamic response. One of the
+ original aspects is the introduction of an actual fatigue crack instead
+ of - as is usual - a narrow slot.
+ First, the crack growth is predicted analytically by numerically
+ integrating the Paris-Walker equation. Then, three-point bending tests
+ are performed to obtain edge transverse cracks; two original control
+ procedures enable the tests to be traced, the results of which are
+ compared with the numerical predictions.
+ Second, free vibrations of undamaged and cracked cantilever beams are
+ excited by hammer impact. The experimental results are compared with the
+ numerical solutions of a finite element model including local
+ flexibility increase at crack opening. The differences between the
+ dynamic behaviours of the intact and cracked beams in terms of frequency
+ and damping allow the damage to be detected. Even if this is a `linear'
+ method, it seems to enable the crack presence to be detected and to
+ account for the so-called `breathing' crack. These features open the
+ door to future developments towards nonlinear detection methods.}},
+Publisher = {{PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Andreaus, U (Reprint Author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale \& Geotecn, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
+ Andreaus, U.; Baragatti, P., Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale \& Geotecn, I-00184 Rome, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1243/03093247JSA527}},
+ISSN = {{0309-3247}},
+Keywords = {{Euler beam; fatigue crack growth; breathing crack; damage detection;
+ free vibration}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CANTILEVER BEAM; IDENTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS;
+ CLOSURE; PANELS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization
+ \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{ugo.andreaus@uniroma1.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Andreaus, Ugo/A-8780-2010}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Progetto di Ateneo 2006 {[}C26A059503]; Progetto di Universita
+ {[}C26A07TELB]; `Sapienza' University of Rome}},
+Funding-Text = {{The tests were performed in the Laboratory for Testing Materials and
+ Structures of the Department of Structural Engineering, `Sapienza'
+ University of Rome, Faculty of Engineering. The authors wish to thank
+ the Laboratory staff for their help in designing and constructing
+ specimens, supports, and testing set-up, and in performing tests and
+ recording results. This research has been partially funded by `Progetto
+ di Ateneo 2006' C26A059503 and `Progetto di Universita' C26A07TELB of
+ the `Sapienza' University of Rome.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{513FA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000271306700009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000268953100006,
+Author = {Li, H. Z. and Wang, J. and Fan, J. M.},
+Title = {{Analysis and modelling of particle velocities in micro-abrasive air jet}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS \& MANUFACTURE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{850-858}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Abrasive jet micromachining (AJM) is a non-traditional technology that
+ can effectively remove hard and brittle materials at high cut quality. A
+ key requisite in modelling the AJM process is to determine the
+ velocities of abrasive particles. In this paper, a theoretical analysis
+ for particle velocities within a micro-abrasive air jet is presented and
+ the associated particle velocity models are developed. The particle
+ velocities at the nozzle exit are determined based on the nozzle length,
+ particle mean diameter, particle density, air density and air flow
+ velocity. The distribution of particle velocities along the jet
+ centerline downstream from the nozzle and the particle velocity profile
+ at a jet cross-section are also modelled considering surrounding air
+ entrainment and air-particle interaction. A numerical solution to the
+ models is developed to determine the particle velocities by dividing the
+ nozzle and the jet flow in air into small segments along the jet axial
+ direction. The developed models are finally verified by comparing the
+ calculated particle velocities with those from a particle image
+ velocimetry (PIV) measurement of the velocity distribution in
+ micro-abrasive air jets. It is shown that the model calculations and the
+ corresponding experimental results are in good agreement with less than
+ 4\% average errors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wang, J (Reprint Author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech \& Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
+ Li, H. Z.; Wang, J.; Fan, J. M., Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech \& Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.05.012}},
+ISSN = {{0890-6955}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2170}},
+Keywords = {{Abrasive jet machining; Particle velocity; Micromachining; Abrasive
+ particles; Abrasive jet}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELASTIC-PLASTIC INDENTATION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; BLASTING PROCESS; CRACK
+ SYSTEM; EROSION; SIMULATION; CERAMICS; DAMAGE; FLOW}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{jun.wang@unsw.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Li, Huaizhong/J-6916-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Li, Huaizhong/0000-0002-5617-702X
+ Wang, Jun/0000-0003-1699-3687}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian Research Council (ARC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through
+ its Discovery Project scheme.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{483HF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000268953100006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000267015900017,
+Author = {Salas, K. I. and Cesnik, C. E. S.},
+Title = {{Guided wave excitation by a CLoVER transducer for structural health
+ monitoring: theory and experiments}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{18}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{International Conference on Multifunctional Materials and Structures,
+ Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, JUL 28-31, 2008}},
+Abstract = {{The guided wave (GW) field excited by a wedge-shaped, anisotropic
+ piezocomposite transducer, surface-bonded on an isotropic substrate is
+ investigated with applications to large area structural health
+ monitoring. This investigation supports the development of the composite
+ long-range variable-direction emitting radar (CLoVER) transducer. The
+ analysis is based on the three-dimensional equations of elasticity, and
+ the solution yields expressions for the field variables that are able to
+ capture the multimodal nature of GWs. The assumption of uncoupled
+ dynamics between the actuator and substrate is used, and their
+ interaction is modeled through shear tractions along the transducer's
+ radial edges. A similar problem is modeled using three-dimensional
+ finite element simulations to assess the spatial and transient accuracy
+ of the solution. Experimental tests are also conducted on pristine
+ structures to validate the accuracy of the theoretical approach. The
+ experimental studies employ CLoVER transducers developed in-house, and
+ their manufacturing procedure is briefly described. Frequency response
+ experiments based on piezoelectric sensors are conducted to assess the
+ performance of the solution in the frequency domain. These tests are
+ complemented by laser vibrometer measurements that allow the spatial and
+ temporal evolution of the solution to be evaluated. The numerical
+ simulations and experimental tests show that the wave time of arrival,
+ radial attenuation, and azimuthal distribution are well captured by the
+ theoretical solution.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cesnik, CES (Reprint Author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
+ Salas, K. I.; Cesnik, C. E. S., Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/18/7/075005}},
+Article-Number = {{075005}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SCANNING LASER VIBROMETRY; FATIGUE-CRACK DETECTION; LAMB WAVES; DAMAGE
+ DETECTION; METALLIC STRUCTURES; FIBER COMPOSITES; PLATE-THEORY;
+ INSPECTION; PROPAGATION; ACTUATORS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ksalas@umich.edu
+ cesnik@umich.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{458JY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267015900017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000265218900005,
+Author = {Dutta, Debaditya and Sohn, Hoon and Harries, Kent A. and Rizzo,
+ Piervincenzo},
+Title = {{A Nonlinear Acoustic Technique for Crack Detection in Metallic
+ Structures}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{8}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{251-262}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A crack detection technique based on nonlinear acoustics is investigated
+ in this study. Acoustic waves at a chosen frequency are generated using
+ an actuating lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer, and they travel
+ through the target structure before being received by a sensing PZT
+ wafer. Unlike an undamaged medium, a cracked medium exhibits high
+ acoustic nonlinearity which is manifested as harmonics in the power
+ spectrum of the received signal. Experimental results also indicate that
+ the harmonic components increase nonlinearly in magnitude with
+ increasing amplitude of the input signal. The proposed technique
+ identifies the presence of cracks by looking at the two aforementioned
+ features: harmonics and their nonlinear relationship to the input
+ amplitude. The effectiveness of the technique has been tested on
+ aluminum and steel specimens. The behavior of these nonlinear features
+ as crack propagates in the steel beam has also been studied.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sohn, H (Reprint Author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
+ Dutta, Debaditya; Sohn, Hoon, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
+ Sohn, Hoon, Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
+ Harries, Kent A.; Rizzo, Piervincenzo, Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1475921709102105}},
+ISSN = {{1475-9217}},
+Keywords = {{nondestructive testing (NDT); active sensing; nonlinear acoustics;
+ harmonics; fatigue cracks}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HARMONIC-GENERATION; BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS; FATIGUE CRACKS; SIMULATION;
+ INTERFACE; SURFACES; CONTACT; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{hoonsohn@kaist.ac.kr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Harries, Kent/0000-0002-8421-2523}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Ministry of Science
+ and Technology {[}M20703000015-07N0300-01510]; Korea Research Foundation
+ {[}D00462]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research is supported by the Radiation Technology Program under
+ Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) and the Ministry of
+ Science and Technology (M20703000015-07N0300-01510) and Korea Research
+ Foundation (D00462).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{433PU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265218900005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266386900034,
+Author = {Garkusha, I. E. and Bandura, A. N. and Byrka, O. V. and Chebotarev, V.
+ V. and Landman, I. and Makhlaj, V. A. and Pestchanyi, S. and Tereshin,
+ V. I.},
+Title = {{Damage to preheated tungsten targets after multiple plasma impacts
+ simulating ITER ELMs}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{386-88}},
+Pages = {{127-131}},
+Month = {{APR 30}},
+Note = {{13th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-13),
+ Nice, FRANCE, DEC 10-14, 2007}},
+Abstract = {{The behavior of a preheated at 650 degrees C tungsten targets under
+ repetitive ELM-like plasma pulses is studied in simulation experiments
+ with the quasi-stationary plasma accelerator QSPA Kh-50. The targets
+ have been exposed up to 350 pulses of the duration 0.25 ms and the
+ surface heat loads either 0.45 MJ/m(2) or 0.75 MJ/m(2), which is below
+ and above the melting threshold, respectively. The development of
+ surface morphology of the exposed targets as well as cracking and
+ swelling at the surface is discussed. First comparisons of obtained
+ experimental results with corresponding numerical simulations of the
+ code PEGA-SUS-3D are presented. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Garkusha, IE (Reprint Author), NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, Acad Skaya 1, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.
+ Garkusha, I. E.; Bandura, A. N.; Byrka, O. V.; Chebotarev, V. V.; Makhlaj, V. A.; Tereshin, V. I., NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.
+ Landman, I.; Pestchanyi, S., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IHM, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.12.083}},
+ISSN = {{0022-3115}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HEAT LOADS; ACCELERATORS; EROSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Nuclear Science \& Technology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science \& Technology}},
+Author-Email = {{garkusha@ipp.kharkov.ua}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Garkusha, Igor/0000-0001-6538-6862
+ Makhlai, Vadym/0000-0002-5258-7793}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Nucl. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{450FR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266386900034}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000267513200006,
+Author = {Singh, Chandra Veer and Talreja, Ramesh},
+Title = {{A synergistic damage mechanics approach for composite laminates with
+ matrix cracks in multiple orientations}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{954-968}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This paper treats the problem of elastic response of composite laminates
+ containing matrix cracks in plies of multiple orientations. The approach
+ taken has been described as synergistic damage mechanics (SDM) and has
+ been previously illustrated for {[}0(m)/ +/- 0(n)/0(m/2)](s) laminates
+ with cracks of equal density in +0 and -0 plies {[}Singh, C.V., Talreja,
+ R., 2008. Int. J. Solids Struct. 45(16), 4574-4589]. The current work
+ extends the approach to {[}0(m)/ +/- 0(n)/90(r)](s) and {[}0(m)/90(r)/
+ +/- 0(n)](s) laminates with cracks additionally in the 90 degrees-plies.
+ The interaction between the +/- 0-cracks and the 90 degrees-cracks is
+ analyzed in terms of the crack surface displacements using a
+ three-dimensional finite element (FE) model and found to be significant
+ only for crack orientations close to 90 degrees. The stiffness
+ degradation of the laminate with all cracking modes simultaneously
+ present is formulated by continuum damage mechanics using a second order
+ tensor characterization of damage. The elastic moduli changes predicted
+ by the SDM procedure are validated by independent three-dimensional FE
+ calculations. For a particular case of quasi-isotropic {[}0/90/ -/+
+ 45](s) laminate, the elastic moduli predictions are evaluated against
+ experimental data. Finally, a parametric study is performed to examine
+ the effects of ply thickness changes on stiffness properties. Published
+ by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Talreja, R (Reprint Author), Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 736A HR Bright Bldg,3141 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Singh, Chandra Veer; Talreja, Ramesh, Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.02.008}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STIFFNESS DEGRADATION; PLY CRACKS; THERMOELASTIC PROPERTIES; GROWTH;
+ MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{chandraveer@tamu.edu
+ talreja@aero.-tamu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Singh, Chandra Veer/B-4632-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Singh, Chandra Veer/0000-0002-6644-0178}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{464NY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000267513200006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000265361600013,
+Author = {Liljedahl, C. D. M. and Brouard, J. and Zanellato, O. and Lin, J. and
+ Tan, M. L. and Ganguly, S. and Irving, P. E. and Fitzpatrick, M. E. and
+ Zhang, X. and Edwards, L.},
+Title = {{Weld residual stress effects on fatigue crack growth behaviour of
+ aluminium alloy 2024-T351}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1081-1088}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Note = {{International Tolerance on Damage Tolerance on Aircraft Structures,
+ Delft, NETHERLANDS, SEP 25-28, 2007}},
+Abstract = {{The interaction between residual stress and fatigue crack growth rate
+ has been investigated in middle tension and compact tension specimens
+ machined from a variable polarity plasma arc welded aluminium alloy
+ 2024-T351 plate. The specimens were tested at three levels of applied
+ constant stress intensity factor range. Crack closure was continuously
+ monitored using an eddy current transducer and the residual stresses
+ were measured with neutron diffraction. The effect of the residual
+ stresses on the fatigue crack behaviour was modelled for both specimen
+ geometries using two approaches: a crack closure approach where the
+ effective stress intensity factor was computed; and a residual stress
+ approach where the effect of the residual stresses on the stress ratio
+ was considered. Good correlation between the experimental results and
+ the predictions were found for the effective stress intensity factor
+ approach at a high stress intensity factor range whereas the residual
+ stress approach yielded good predictions at low and moderate stress
+ intensity factor ranges. In particular, the residual stresses
+ accelerated the fatigue crack growth rate in the middle tension specimen
+ whereas they decelerated the growth rate in the compact tension sample,
+ demonstrating the importance of accurately evaluating the residual
+ stresses in welded specimens which will be used to produce damage
+ tolerance design data. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Liljedahl, CDM (Reprint Author), Open Univ, Fac Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
+ Liljedahl, C. D. M.; Zanellato, O.; Tan, M. L.; Ganguly, S.; Fitzpatrick, M. E.; Edwards, L., Open Univ, Fac Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
+ Brouard, J.; Lin, J.; Irving, P. E.; Zhang, X., Cranfield Univ, Damage Tolerance Grp, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England.
+ Edwards, L., Australian Nucl Sci \& Technol Org, Inst Mat Engn, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.05.008}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Damage tolerance; Fatigue crack growth behavior; Crack closure; Residual
+ stress; Eigenstrain}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{d.liljedahl@open.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Edwards, Lyndon/D-1916-2013
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Edwards, Lyndon/0000-0001-7526-6020
+ Fitzpatrick, Michael/0000-0002-3618-6594
+ Zhang, Xiang/0000-0001-8454-3931}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{435RS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265361600013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264786100053,
+Author = {Kim, Hyunwook and Wagoner, Michael P. and Buttlar, William G.},
+Title = {{Numerical fracture analysis on the specimen size dependency of asphalt
+ concrete using a cohesive softening model}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{2112-2120}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Cracking in asphalt concrete is one of the major causes of structural
+ and functional deterioration of pavement systems. Various experimental
+ and numerical approaches with typical specimen size have been applied to
+ analyze the fracture mechanism of asphalt concrete but the specimen size
+ dependency on the fracture has an important role. Herein, the clustered
+ discrete element method (DEM) approach was applied into the
+ investigation of size effect on fracturing of asphalt concrete based on
+ a disk-shaped compact tension (DC(T)) test. A bilinear cohesive
+ softening model was implemented into the DEM framework to enable
+ simulation of crack initiation and propagation in asphalt concrete. The
+ laboratory tests were conducted for specimen sizes of asphalt concrete
+ varying from 100 to 450 mm. Micromechanical fracture modeling approach
+ was also applied to investigate the heterogeneous fracture behaviors for
+ different specimen sizes. Image processing procedure was conducted to
+ determine the microstructure of asphalt specimen and to project it into
+ the numerical mesh. The specimen size dependency of asphalt concrete was
+ captured by the developed experimental fracture test and the clustered
+ DEM fracture model was able to accurately predict the size-dependent
+ fracture behavior when considering viscoelasticity and heterogeneity.
+ (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kim, H (Reprint Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Newmark Lab, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Kim, Hyunwook; Wagoner, Michael P.; Buttlar, William G., Univ Illinois, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Newmark Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.014}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{Cracking; Asphalt concrete; Fracture; Size effect; Disk-shaped compact
+ tension; Discrete element method; Heterogeneous; Image processing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{hyunwook.kim@empa.ch}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kim, Hyunwook/C-6313-2008}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{427NN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264786100053}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000265088900006,
+Author = {Nairn, John A.},
+Title = {{Analytical and numerical modeling of R curves for cracks with bridging
+ zones}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{155}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{167-181}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{At the onset of fracture in materials with process zones, the fracture
+ resistance, or R curve, rises as the process zone develops. After
+ process zone development, crack propagation proceeds by steady state
+ growth. By considering J integral contours inside and outside the
+ process zone, the available energy can be partitioned into crack tip
+ energy release rate and process zone energy. To model the rising R
+ curve, however, required assumptions about damage mechanisms in the
+ process zone and partitioning of its energy into released and
+ recoverable energy. By considering process zones that are elastic
+ fiber-bridging zones with softening regions caused by fiber breakage or
+ damage, equations for rising R curves were derived as a function of
+ crack tip toughness and bridging zone mechanics. The new methods were
+ implemented into the Material Point Method for generalized numerical
+ crack propagation simulations with bridging zones. The simulation method
+ includes pure fracture mechanics and pure cohesive zone models as
+ extreme special cases. The most realistic simulations for many materials
+ will likely fall between these two extremes. The results guided comments
+ on interpretation of experimental R curves.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nairn, JA (Reprint Author), Oregon State Univ, 112 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.
+ Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-009-9338-3}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+Keywords = {{J integral; Process zone; Bridging zone; Crack bridging; Cohesive zone;
+ Traction law; Numerical modeling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATERIAL POINT METHOD; DYNAMIC FRACTURE; FIBER COMPOSITES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{John.Nairn@oregonstate.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{431UG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000265088900006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266121100032,
+Author = {Kwong, J. and Axinte, D. A. and Withers, P. J.},
+Title = {{The sensitivity of Ni-based superalloy to hole making operations:
+ Influence of process parameters on subsurface damage and residual stress}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{209}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{3968-3977}},
+Month = {{APR 21}},
+Abstract = {{Higher strength high temperature Nickel superalloys are required to
+ increase the operational efficiency of gas turbine aeroengines through
+ higher operating temperatures. This paper reports on research to assess
+ the workpiece surface sensitivity of a new Ni-based superalloy, RR1000,
+ to hole making by drilling (roughing) and plunge milling (finishing).
+ Coarse grain (CG) RR1000 displays a unique combination of mechanical and
+ thermal properties making it even more difficult-to-machine than
+ traditional Ni-based alloys (e.g. Inconel, Waspaloy). Cutting speed,
+ feed rate, cutting edge quality (i.e. flank wear level) and cooling
+ conditions have been varied across a wide range for drilling and plunge
+ milling to produce hole surfaces. For the first time, the sub-surface
+ damage and axial and hoop residual stress distribution have been
+ quantified. The experimental trials have been directed towards an
+ assessment of the proclivity for surface malformations and detrimental
+ residual stress profiles under controlled machining conditions. Material
+ deformation from drilling was found to be most significant in the hoop
+ direction where increasingly severe levels of material drag, cracking
+ and white layering occurred as the material removal rate was increased.
+ Surface hardening occurred around all of the drilled holes. The
+ amplitude and the depth below the free surface of the tensile residual
+ stress increased with the material removal rate most probably due to a
+ rise of temperature at the tool-workpiece interface during drilling.
+ Plunge milling was found to be an effective finishing operation,
+ successfully removing undesirable material properties introduced by
+ abusive drilling processes provided that adequate stock of material was
+ removed from the superficially damaged workpiece. This enabled the
+ generation of essentially damage-free surfaces, as are necessary for
+ safety critical components used in gas turbine aeroengines. (C) 2008
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Axinte, DA (Reprint Author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Mech Mat \& Mfg Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
+ Kwong, J.; Axinte, D. A., Univ Nottingham, Sch Mech Mat \& Mfg Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
+ Withers, P. J., Univ Manchester, Sch Mat, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.09.014}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{Ni-based superalloy; Workpiece surface integrity; Bi-axial residual
+ stresses; Drilling; Plunge milling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WORKPIECE SURFACE QUALITY; INCONEL-718; NICKEL; INTEGRITY;
+ MACHINABILITY; STEEL; LIFE; WEAR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{dragos.axinte@nottingham.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Withers, Philip/A-6760-2009}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{446KS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266121100032}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000270060700001,
+Author = {Capozucca, Roberto},
+Title = {{Static and dynamic response of damaged RC beams strengthened with NSM
+ CFRP rods}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{91}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{237-248}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Behaviour of RC beams damaged and strengthened with near surface mounted
+ (NSM) carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods has been
+ experimentally investigated. In this paper, results of static bending
+ and dynamic tests are shown and discussed. Experimental program foresaw
+ that RC beams were damaged by increasing loads to produce different
+ degrees of cracking. The strengthened RC beams using NSM CFRP rods were
+ then subjected to bending with the same loading path and, under
+ increasing load, carried out to failure.
+ The static behaviour of beams has been analysed comparing experimental
+ results with those obtained by a nonlinear theoretical method. Changes
+ in the properties of RC beams such as stiffness and ductility have been
+ studied theoretically.
+ Moreover dynamic response of damaged and strengthened beams has been
+ experimentally investigated such as natural frequencies and vibration
+ mode shapes. Finally, dynamic measures have been taken to validate the
+ strengthening method. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Capozucca, R (Reprint Author), Univ Politecn Marche, DACS, Struct Sect Dept, I-60100 Ancona, Italy.
+ Univ Politecn Marche, DACS, Struct Sect Dept, I-60100 Ancona, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.05.003}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Damaged RC beams; Strengthening; NSM; CFRP rods; Static bending test;
+ Free vibration tests}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED-CONCRETE BEAMS; POLYMER RODS; CORROSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{r.capozucca@univpm.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{CAPOZUCCA, ROBERTO/0000-0002-9995-5477}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{University Politecnica delle Marche}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was supported by research funds of University Politecnica
+ delle Marche for two consecutive years. The author would like to express
+ his gratitude to the Administration of the University Politecnica delle
+ Marche.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{497LL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000270060700001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000268845900003,
+Author = {Hogstrom, P. and Ringsberg, J. W. and Johnson, E.},
+Title = {{An experimental and numerical study of the effects of length scale and
+ strain state on the necking and fracture behaviours in sheet metals}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{36}},
+Number = {{10-11}},
+Pages = {{1194-1203}},
+Month = {{OCT-NOV}},
+Abstract = {{Within sheet metal forming, crashworthiness analysis in the automotive
+ industry and ship research on collision and grounding, modelling of the
+ material failure/fracture, including the behaviour at large plastic
+ deformations, is critical for accurate failure predictions. In order to
+ validate existing failure models used in finite element (FE) simulations
+ in terms of dependence on length scale and strain state, tests recorded
+ with the optical strain measuring system ARAMIS have been conducted.
+ With this system, the stress-strain behaviour of uniaxial tensile tests
+ was examined locally, and from this information true stress-strain
+ relations were calculated on different length scales across the necking
+ region. Forming limit tests were conducted to study the multiaxial
+ failure behaviour of the material in terms of necking and fracture. The
+ failure criteria that were verified against the tests were chosen among
+ those available in the FE software Abaqus and the Bressan-Williams-Hill
+ (BWH) criterion proposed by Alsos et at, 2008. The experimental and
+ numerical results from the tensile tests confirmed that Barba's relation
+ is valid for handling stress-strain dependence on the length scale used
+ for strain evaluation after necking. Also, the evolution of damage in
+ the FE simulations was related to the processes ultimately leading to
+ initiation and propagation of a macroscopic crack in the final phase of
+ the tensile tests. Furthermore, numerical simulations using the BWH
+ criterion for prediction of instability at the necking point showed good
+ agreement with the forming limit test results. The effect of
+ pre-straining in the forming limit tests and the FE simulations of them
+ is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hogstrom, P (Reprint Author), Chalmers, Dept Shipping \& Marine Technol, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
+ Hogstrom, P.; Ringsberg, J. W., Chalmers, Dept Shipping \& Marine Technol, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
+ Johnson, E., Tech Res Inst Sweden, SP, Boras, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.05.005}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+Keywords = {{Digital image correlation (DIC); Finite element analysis; Forming limit
+ test; Length scale dependence; Sheet metal failure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRITERION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{per.hogstrom@chalmers.se}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Swedish Governmental Agency of Innovation Systems (VINNOVA); Swedish
+ Competence Centre in Maritime Education and Research; LIGHTHOUSE}},
+Funding-Text = {{This investigation has been carried out as part of the research project
+ HA-SARD (Holistic assessment of ship survivability and risk after
+ damage). The authors acknowledge the Swedish Governmental Agency of
+ Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) and the Swedish Competence Centre in
+ Maritime Education and Research, LIGHTHOUSE (www.lighthouse.nu), for
+ financing the project. The authors are also grateful to the staff at the
+ division of Building Technology and Mechanics at SP Technical Research
+ Institute of Sweden in Boras, Sweden for providing expertise and support
+ in conducting the experiments.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{481XJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000268845900003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000264528000004,
+Author = {Bayraktar, Alemdar and Turker, Temel and Sevim, Baris and Altunisik,
+ Ahmet Can and Yildirim, Faruk},
+Title = {{Modal Parameter Identification of Hagia Sophia Bell-Tower via Ambient
+ Vibration Test}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{28}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{37-47}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Many of historical structures have degenerated in time by environmental
+ effects, earthquakes, and winds because of the inadequate preservation.
+ The preservation of historical heritage is considered a fundamental
+ issue in the cultural life of modern societies. The protective measures
+ can be supplied if the actual behaviour of the structures is known. The
+ paper presents the results of ambient vibration test and operational
+ modal analysis carried out on the historical masonry bell-tower of the
+ Hagia Sophia church in Trabzon, Turkey. The bell-tower is about 23 m
+ high and dates back to the XIII century. The study includes also the
+ initial analytical model of the tower constituted by the geometrical
+ survey. The experimental measurements are performed using two
+ measurement setups in different times. In the first setup twelve
+ uniaxial accelerometers are used, while in the second setup four
+ triaxial accelerometers with one uniaxial reference are used with the
+ aim of determining the bending and torsional mode shapes as well as
+ natural frequencies and modal damping ratios of the tower. The
+ analytical model of the tower is developed by using solid brick
+ elements, and a relatively large number of finite elements have been
+ used in the model to obtain a regular distribution of mass. The first
+ five natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are determined
+ from both theoretical and experimental modal analyses and compared with
+ each other. A good harmony is attained between mode shapes, but there
+ are some differences between natural frequencies. The sources of the
+ differences are introduced in terms of variations in the elasticity
+ modulus of walls, cracks on upper walls, and boundary conditions on base
+ level.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bayraktar, A (Reprint Author), Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
+ Bayraktar, Alemdar; Turker, Temel; Sevim, Baris; Altunisik, Ahmet Can, Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
+ Yildirim, Faruk, Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Geodesy \& Photogrammetry Engn, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10921-009-0045-9}},
+ISSN = {{0195-9298}},
+Keywords = {{Ambient vibration test; Dynamic characteristics; Operational Modal
+ Analysis; Historical masonry towers}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE ASSESSMENT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{alemdar@ktu.edu.tr
+ temelturker@ktu.edu.tr
+ bsevim18@hotmail.com
+ ahmetcan8284@hotmail.com
+ yfaruk@ktu.edu.tr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{SEVIM, Baris/0000-0003-3828-3571
+ BAYRAKTAR, Alemdar/0000-0002-8973-9228}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{TUBITAK; Karadeniz Technical University {[}106M038, 2005.112.001.1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was supported by the TUBITAK and Karadeniz Technical
+ University under Research Grant No. 106M038 and 2005.112.001.1,
+ respectively.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{32}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Nondestruct. Eval.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{423WU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000264528000004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000266180300003,
+Author = {Hille, Thomas S. and Nijdam, Thijs J. and Suiker, Akke S. J. and
+ Turteltaub, Sergio and Sloof, Wim G.},
+Title = {{Damage growth triggered by interface irregularities in thermal barrier
+ coatings}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{2624-2630}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{The efficiency and reliability of modern jet engines strongly depend on
+ the performance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), which prevent
+ melting and oxidation of the turbine blades' structural core. The
+ system's lifetime is limited by cracks appearing in and in the vicinity
+ of an oxide layer that grows in the TBC under thermal cycling. High
+ replacement costs have led to an increased demand to identify, quantify
+ and remedy damage in TBCs. An integrated experimental-numerical approach
+ is presented for studying the main, particularly interfacial
+ irregularities. Damage at several stages of oxidation in TBCs is
+ analyzed in factors that contribute to damage. samples with predefined
+ interfacial irregularities. The model predicts the experimentally
+ observed crack patterns, clearly quantifying the influence of
+ imperfections and indicating that damage can be delayed by Surface
+ treatment. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sloof, WG (Reprint Author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands.
+ Nijdam, Thijs J.; Sloof, Wim G., Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands.
+ Hille, Thomas S.; Nijdam, Thijs J., Delft Univ Technol, M2i, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands.
+ Hille, Thomas S.; Suiker, Akke S. J.; Turteltaub, Sergio, Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2009.01.022}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{Thermal barrier coating (TBC); Finite element modeling (FEM); Fracture;
+ Diffusion; Oxidation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NICOCRALY BOND COATINGS; PREOXIDATION TREATMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
+ FAILURE MECHANISMS; SYSTEMS; OXIDATION; DELAMINATION; DEPOSITION;
+ ROUGHNESS; THICKNESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{t.hille@m2i.nl
+ nijdamt@nlr.nl
+ a.s.j.suiker@tudelft.nl
+ s.r.truteltaub@tudelft.nl
+ w.g.sloof@tudelft.nl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sloof, Willem Gerrit/D-8888-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Sloof, Willem Gerrit/0000-0003-1443-0813}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Materials innovation institute M2i {[}MC 7.04186]; Netherlands Institute
+ for Metals Research}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was carried out under the project number MC 7.04186 In the
+ framework of the Research Program of the Materials innovation institute
+ M2i (www.m2i.nl), the former Netherlands Institute for Metals Research.
+ The authors are indebted to R. Vassen (Forschungszentrum Julich,
+ Germany) for depositing the NiCoCrAlY bond coating, U. Schulz (German
+ Aerospace Center) for depositing the ceramic top coating, and A.
+ Kloosterman (National Aerospace Laboratory. The Netherlands) for
+ arranging the thermal cycling experiments.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{447GT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000266180300003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000263454600029,
+Author = {Schmidt, Joerg and Kaliske, Michael},
+Title = {{Models for numerical failure analysis of wooden structures}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2009}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{571-579}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Numerical simulations of wooden structures using the finite element
+ method require close-to-reality material models, Suitable element
+ technologies and reliable path-following algorithms. In the present
+ paper, anisotropic continuum material models for elasticity and ductile
+ failure behaviour of wood are discussed. The material model for ductile
+ failure can be considered as a phenomenological plastic
+ characterisation. It bases on a multi-surface plasticity formulation
+ with anisotropic, moisture and temperature dependent yield surfaces and
+ direction dependent post-failure behaviour. Cohesive elements permit the
+ discrete modelling of tension and shear cracks. An interface element
+ formulation is presented including an anisotropic traction separation
+ law for wood. This model contains coupling of failure modes which can be
+ determined experimentally. Furthermore, the material approach considers
+ an efficient and stable formulation for damage. The models are evaluated
+ on the basis of comparisons between simulation results and experimental
+ investigations. For this purpose, two standard test specimens and a
+ glulam beam with cylindric holes are used. It is shown, that the
+ described formulations can be used for a realistic simulation of the
+ mechanical behaviour of wooden structures. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kaliske, M (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Struct Anal, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
+ Schmidt, Joerg; Kaliske, Michael, Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Struct Anal, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.11.001}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{Material modelling; Wood; Timber structures; Interface elements;
+ Plasticity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLASTICITY MODEL; INTERFACE ELEMENTS; FRACTURE; SPRUCE; GRAIN;
+ SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{rnichael.kaliske@tu-dresden.de}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{German Research Foundation (DFG) {[}KA1163/1-1, KA1163/1-2]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge gratefully the support of the work by the German
+ Research Foundation (DFG) under contract KA1163/1-1 and KA1163/1-2.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{408SG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000263454600029}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2010.bib b/data/WoS_export/2010.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4415541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2010.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3141 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000280615000004,
+Author = {Harper, Paul W. and Hallett, Stephen R.},
+Title = {{A fatigue degradation law for cohesive interface elements - Development
+ and application to composite materials}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{1774-1787}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{A cohesive zone interface element degradation law is presented for
+ analyzing delamination crack propagation under cyclic loading.
+ Development of the law is based on a detailed study of the numerical
+ cohesive zone and the extraction of strain energy release rate from this
+ zone, enabling a direct link with experimental Paris Law data. The law
+ is implemented using three-dimensional interface elements within the
+ explicit finite element code LS-Dyna. Validation is presented by way of
+ application to composite material fatigue fracture toughness tests;
+ Double Cantilever Beam for Mode I. End Notch Flexure for mode II and
+ Mixed Mode Bending for the mixed mode case. In all cases good agreement
+ with experimental data available in the open literature and/or
+ theoretical solutions was obtained. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Harper, PW (Reprint Author), Univ Bristol, Adv Composites Ctr Innovat \& Sci, Queens Bldg, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ Harper, Paul W.; Hallett, Stephen R., Univ Bristol, Adv Composites Ctr Innovat \& Sci, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.04.006}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Cohesive zone; Delamination; Interface elements; Fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ADHESIVELY-BONDED JOINTS; ZONE MODEL; DELAMINATION GROWTH; CRACK GROWTH;
+ PROGRESSIVE DELAMINATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DECOHESION ELEMENTS;
+ FRACTURE; SPECIMENS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{paul.harper@bris.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{44}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{634VX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000280615000004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000277222700017,
+Author = {Khoramishad, H. and Crocombe, A. D. and Katnam, K. B. and Ashcroft, I.
+ A.},
+Title = {{Predicting fatigue damage in adhesively bonded joints using a cohesive
+ zone model}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1146-1158}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{A reliable numerical damage model has been developed for adhesively
+ bonded joints under fatigue loading that is only dependant on the
+ adhesive system and not on joint configuration. A bi-linear
+ traction-separation description of a cohesive zone model was employed to
+ simulate progressive damage in the adhesively bonded joints.
+ Furthermore, a strain-based fatigue damage model was integrated with the
+ cohesive zone model to simulate the deleterious influence of the fatigue
+ loading on the bonded joints. To obtain the damage model parameters and
+ validate the methodology, carefully planned experimental tests on
+ coupons cut from a bonded panel and separately manufactured single lap
+ joints were undertaken. Various experimental techniques have been used
+ to assess joint damage including the back-face strain technique and in
+ situ video microscopy. It was found that the fatigue damage model was
+ able to successfully predict the fatigue life and the evolving back-face
+ strain and hence the evolving damage. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Crocombe, AD (Reprint Author), Univ Surrey, Fac Engn \& Phys Sci J5, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
+ Khoramishad, H.; Crocombe, A. D.; Katnam, K. B., Univ Surrey, Fac Engn \& Phys Sci J5, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
+ Ashcroft, I. A., Univ Loughborough, Wolfson Sch Mech \& Mfg Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.12.013}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3452}},
+Keywords = {{Adhesively bonded joints; Cohesive zone model; Fatigue damage modelling;
+ Thick laminated substrates; Back-face strain; Video microscopy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT APPROACH; SINGLE-LAP JOINTS; CRACK-GROWTH; FRACTURE;
+ DELAMINATION; SIMULATION; INTERFACE; LIFE; COMPOSITES; PARAMETERS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{a.crocombe@surrey.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Katnam, Kali Babu/F-1389-2010
+ Khoramishad, Hadi/H-2355-2017
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Katnam, Kali/0000-0003-2382-905X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{TSB; Airbus in the UK; BAE Systems; Imperial College}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge support from TSB, Airbus in the UK,
+ BAE Systems, Imperial College and Mr. Sugiman.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{48}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{590JV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000277222700017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000280382500010,
+Author = {Ji, Gefu and Ouyang, Zhenyu and Li, Guoqiang and Ibekwe, Samuel and
+ Pang, Su-Seng},
+Title = {{Effects of adhesive thickness on global and local Mode-I interfacial
+ fracture of bonded joints}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{18-19}},
+Pages = {{2445-2458}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The interfacial fracture of adhesively bonded structures is a critical
+ issue for the extensive applications to a variety of modern industries.
+ In the recent two decades, cohesive zone models (CZMs) have been
+ receiving intensive attentions for fracture problems of adhesively
+ bonded joints. Numerous global tests have been conducted to measure the
+ interfacial toughness of adhesive joints. Limited local tests have also
+ been conducted to determine the interface traction-separation laws in
+ adhesive joints. However, very few studies focused on the local test of
+ effects of adhesive thickness on the interfacial traction-separation
+ laws. Interfacial toughness and interfacial strength, as two critical
+ parameters in an interfacial traction-separation law, have important
+ effect on the fracture behaviors of bonded joints. In this work, the
+ global and local tests are employed to investigate the effect of
+ adhesive thickness on interfacial energy release rate, interfacial
+ strength, and shapes of the interfacial traction-separation laws.
+ Basically, the measured laws in this work reflect the equivalent and
+ lumped interfacial fracture behaviors which include the cohesive
+ fracture, damage and plasticity. The experimentally determined
+ interfacial traction-separation laws may provide valuable baseline data
+ for the parameter calibrations in numerical models. The current
+ experimental results may also facilitate the understanding of adhesive
+ thickness-dependent interface fracture of bonded joints. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, GQ (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Ji, Gefu; Li, Guoqiang; Pang, Su-Seng, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Ouyang, Zhenyu; Li, Guoqiang; Ibekwe, Samuel, Southern Univ, A\&M Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.05.006}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Cohesive zone model; Bonded joints; Adhesive thickness; Toughness;
+ Plastic zone; Interfacial strength; Cohesive law; Cohesive strength}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH RESISTANCE; COHESIVE LAW; LAYER; DELAMINATION; DEFORMATION;
+ COMPOSITES; ADHERENDS; TOUGHNESS; BEHAVIOR; EPOXY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{guoli@me.lsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ji, Gefu/F-5468-2012}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSF {[}NSF/CMMI0900064]; NASA/EPSCoR {[}NASA/LEQSF (2007-10)-Phase3-01];
+ LONI Project {[}LEQSF (2007-12)-ENH-PKSFI-PRS-01, 17120]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study is based upon work supported by the NSF under Grant No.
+ NSF/CMMI0900064 and by the NASA/EPSCoR under Grant No. NASA/LEQSF
+ (2007-10)-Phase3-01. The authors are grateful for the support by LONI
+ Project under the Grant No. LEQSF (2007-12)-ENH-PKSFI-PRS-01
+ (Subcontract No. 17120).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{64}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{33}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{631WY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000280382500010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000281225700003,
+Author = {Demaske, Brian J. and Zhakhovsky, Vasily V. and Inogamov, Nail A. and
+ Oleynik, Ivan I.},
+Title = {{Ablation and spallation of gold films irradiated by ultrashort laser
+ pulses}},
+Journal = {{PHYSICAL REVIEW B}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{82}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Month = {{AUG 25}},
+Abstract = {{By extending molecular-dynamics simulation to the experimental
+ micrometer length scale, we observed the complete dynamics of gold films
+ subjected to ultrashort (less than or similar to 1 ps) laser
+ irradiation, culminating in cavitation then ablation of the melt at the
+ front, and crack nucleation then spallation at the rear side of the
+ sample. For thick films (>0.5 mu m) ablation and spallation are
+ spatially separated; whereas for thin films, they merge into a unique
+ damage process, which leads to a dependence of ablation threshold on
+ film thickness. This work provides insights into thermomechanical
+ dynamics of irradiated metal films, including coupling-decoupling of
+ ablation and spallation processes, and opens up a field of direct
+ comparison between experiment and atomistic simulations.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER PHYSICAL SOC}},
+Address = {{ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Demaske, BJ (Reprint Author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
+ Demaske, Brian J.; Zhakhovsky, Vasily V.; Oleynik, Ivan I., Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
+ Inogamov, Nail A., RAS, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1103/PhysRevB.82.064113}},
+Article-Number = {{064113}},
+ISSN = {{1098-0121}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Condensed Matter}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhakhovsky, Vasily/G-9560-2011
+ Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhakhovsky, Vasily/0000-0001-6620-6616
+ Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}DMR-0755256, DMR-1004873, DMR-1008676];
+ RFBR {[}10-08-92661-NNF\_a]; ARO DURIP}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants
+ No. DMR-0755256, No. DMR-1004873, and No. DMR-1008676. N.A.I. is
+ supported by RFBR under Grant No. 10-08-92661-NNF\_a. Simulations were
+ performed using NSF Teragrid computers, USF Research Computing Cluster,
+ and computational facilities of Materials Simulation Laboratory at the
+ University of South Florida funded by ARO DURIP.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{63}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Phys. Rev. B}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{642OO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000281225700003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000283409300003,
+Author = {Kelly, J. Robert and Rungruanganunt, Patchnee and Hunter, Ben and
+ Vailati, Francesca},
+Title = {{DEVELOPMENT OF A CLINICALLY VALIDATED BULK FAILURE TEST FOR CERAMIC
+ CROWNS}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{104}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{228-238}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Statement of problem. Traditional testing of ceramic crowns creates a
+ stress state and damage modes that differ greatly from those seen
+ clinically. There is a need OD develop and communicate an in vitro
+ testing protocol that is clinically valid.
+ Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop an in vitro failure
+ test for ceramic single-unit prostheses that duplicates the failure
+ mechanism and stress state observed in clinically failed prostheses.
+ This article first compares characteristics of traditional
+ load-to-failure tests of ceramic crowns with the growing body of
+ evidence regarding failure origins and stress states at failure from the
+ examination of clinically failed crowns, finite element analysis (FEA),
+ and data from clinical studies. Based on this analysis, an experimental
+ technique was systematically developed and test materials were
+ identified to recreate key aspects of clinical failure in vitro.
+ Material and methods. One potential dentin analog material (an epoxy
+ filled with woven glass fibers; NEMA grade G10) was evaluated for
+ elastic modulus in blunt contact and for bond strength to resin cement
+ as compared to hydrated dentin. Two bases with different elastic moduli
+ (nickel chrome and resin-based composite) were tested for influence on
+ failure loads. The influence of water during storage and loading (both
+ monotonic and cyclic) was examined. Loading piston materials (G10,
+ aluminum, stainless steel) and piston designs were varied to eliminate
+ Hertzian cracking and to improve performance. Testing was extended from
+ a monolayer ceramic (leucite-filled glass) to a bilayer ceramic system
+ (glass-infiltrated alumina). The influence of cyclic rate on mean
+ failure loads was examined (2 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz) with the extremes
+ compared statistically (t test; alpha=.05).
+ Results. Failure loads were highly influenced by base elastic modulus (t
+ test; P<.001). Cyclic loading while in water significantly decreased
+ mean failure loads (1-way ANOVA; P=.003) versus wet storage/dry cycling
+ (350 N vs. 1270 N). G10 was not significantly different from hydrated
+ dentin in terms of blunt contact elastic behavior or resin cement bond
+ strength. Testing was successful with the bilayered ceramic, and the
+ cycling rate altered mean failure loads only slightly (approximately
+ 5\%).
+ Conclusions. Test methods and materials were developed to validly
+ simulate many aspects of clinical failure. (J Prosthet Dent
+ 2010;104:228-238)}},
+Publisher = {{MOSBY-ELSEVIER}},
+Address = {{360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kelly, JR (Reprint Author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Reconstruct Sci, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA.
+ Rungruanganunt, Patchnee, Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Reconstruct Dent, Div Prosthodont, Farmington, CT 06030 USA.
+ Kelly, J. Robert, Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Biomat, Farmington, CT 06030 USA.
+ Hunter, Ben, USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA.
+ Vailati, Francesca, Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Fixed Prosthodont \& Occlus, Geneva, Switzerland.}},
+ISSN = {{0022-3913}},
+EISSN = {{1097-6841}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DENTAL CERAMICS; HUMAN-ENAMEL; PORCELAIN; RESTORATIONS; RESISTANCE;
+ STRENGTH; FATIGUE; DAMAGE; FEA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Author-Email = {{Kelly@nso1.uchc.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{52}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Prosthet. Dent.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{670GN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000283409300003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000275700200039,
+Author = {Zhang, P. and Wittmann, F. H. and Zhao, T. and Lehmann, E. H.},
+Title = {{Neutron imaging of water penetration into cracked steel reinforced
+ concrete}},
+Journal = {{PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{405}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1866-1871}},
+Month = {{APR 1}},
+Abstract = {{Service life and durability of reinforced concrete structures have
+ become a crucial issue because of the economical and ecological
+ implications. Service life of reinforced concrete structures is often
+ limited by penetration of water and chemical compounds dissolved in
+ water into the porous cement-based material. By now it is well-known
+ that cracks in reinforced concrete are preferential paths for ingress of
+ aggressive substances. Neutron radiography was successfully applied to
+ study the process of water penetration into cracked steel reinforced
+ concrete. In addition, the effectiveness of integral water repellent
+ concrete to prevent ingress of water and salt solutions was
+ investigated. Results are described in detail in this contribution. It
+ will be shown that neutron radiography is a powerful method to visualize
+ the process of water penetration into cracked and uncracked cement-based
+ materials. On the basis of the obtained experimental data, it is
+ possible to quantify the time-dependent water distributions in concrete
+ with high accuracy and spatial resolution. It is of particular interest
+ that penetration of water and salt solutions into damaged interfaces
+ between concrete and steel can be visualized by means of neutron
+ radiography. Deteriorating processes in cracked reinforced concrete
+ structures can be studied in a completely new way. This advanced
+ technology will help and find adequate ways to improve durability and
+ service life of reinforced concrete structures. This will mean at the
+ same time an essential contribution to improved sustainabihty. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wittmann, FH (Reprint Author), Aedificat Inst Freiburg, Schlierbergstr 80, D-79100 Freiburg, Germany.
+ Wittmann, F. H., Aedificat Inst Freiburg, D-79100 Freiburg, Germany.
+ Zhang, P.; Wittmann, F. H.; Zhao, T., Qingdao Technol Univ, Ctr Durabil \& Sustainabil Studies Shandong Prov, Qingdao 266033, Peoples R China.
+ Lehmann, E. H., Paul Scherrer Inst, NIAG, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.physb.2010.01.065}},
+ISSN = {{0921-4526}},
+Keywords = {{Neutron radiography; Cracks; Reinforced concrete; Water penetration;
+ Integral water repellent concrete}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POROUS MATERIALS; BUILDING-MATERIALS; SCATTERING CORRECTIONS;
+ RADIOGRAPHY; FLOW; TOMOGRAPHY; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Condensed Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{wittmann@aedificat.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lehmann, Eberhard/K-2316-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lehmann, Eberhard/0000-0001-9145-9009}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}50739001]; National
+ Basic Research Program of China {[}2009CB623203]; Natural Science
+ Foundation of Shandong Province {[}ZR2009FQ014, Z2006F02]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank Dr. P. Vontobel and S. Hartmann, who are
+ in Neutron Imaging \& Activation Group, PSI, Switzerland, for the
+ valuable help for operating neutron radiography. Financial supports of
+ ongoing projects by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.
+ 50739001), National Basic Research Program of China ({''}973{''}
+ Project) (no. 2009CB623203), and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong
+ Province (nos. ZR2009FQ014 and Z2006F02) are gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Physica B}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{570TF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000275700200039}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000283043600005,
+Author = {Aymerich, F. and Staszewski, W. J.},
+Title = {{Experimental Study of Impact-Damage Detection in Composite Laminates
+ using a Cross-Modulation Vibro-Acoustic Technique}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{9}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{541-553}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{The paper demonstrates the application of cross-modulation
+ vibro-acoustic technique for impact-damage detection in composite
+ laminates. A composite plate is monitored for damage resulting from a
+ low-velocity impact. The plate is excited simultaneously with two
+ harmonic signals: a slow amplitude-modulated vibration pumping wave and
+ a constant amplitude-probing wave. The frequency of both the excitation
+ signals coincides with the resonances of the plate. An electromagnetic
+ shaker is used to introduce the pumping wave to the plate. Two
+ surface-bonded, low-profile piezoceramic transducers are used for
+ probing-wave excitation and measurement. The wave modulation is
+ transferred from the pumping wave to the probing wave in the presence of
+ impact damage. This effect is exhibited in a power spectrum of the
+ probing wave by a pattern of sidebands around the carrier harmonic. The
+ results show that the amplitude of the sidebands is related to the
+ severity of damage. The study also investigates also the effect of
+ boundary conditions on the results.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Aymerich, F (Reprint Author), Univ Cagliari, Dept Mech Engn, Cagliari, Italy.
+ Aymerich, F., Univ Cagliari, Dept Mech Engn, Cagliari, Italy.
+ Staszewski, W. J., Univ Sheffield, Dynam Res Grp, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1475921710365433}},
+ISSN = {{1475-9217}},
+EISSN = {{1741-3168}},
+Keywords = {{nonlinear acoustics; cross-modulation; composite materials; impact
+ damage detection; delamination}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELASTIC-WAVE SPECTROSCOPY; DISCERN MATERIAL DAMAGE; CRACK DETECTION;
+ METALLIC STRUCTURES; HARMONIC-GENERATION; ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUE; NEWS
+ TECHNIQUES; IDENTIFICATION; NDT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{aymerich@iris.unica.it}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{45}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{665NW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000283043600005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000283759400014,
+Author = {Yan, Hao and Oskay, Caglar and Krishnan, Arun and Xu, Luoyu Roy},
+Title = {{Compression-after-impact response of woven fiber-reinforced composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{70}},
+Number = {{14}},
+Pages = {{2128-2136}},
+Month = {{NOV 30}},
+Abstract = {{This manuscript investigates compression-after-impact failure in woven
+ fiber-reinforced composites. Compression failure of composite structures
+ previously damaged by an impact event is due to the propagation of
+ impact-induced damage mechanisms such as interlaminar debonding,
+ constituent (i.e., matrix and fiber) microcracking, sublaminate
+ buckling, as well as the interactions between these mechanisms. The
+ failure mechanisms within each ply are idealized based on a reduced
+ order multiscale computational model, in which, the damage propagation
+ in the matrix and fibers upon compression is explicitly modeled.
+ Delamination along the ply interfaces is idealized using a cohesive
+ surface model. The initial impact-induced damage within the
+ microconstituents and interfaces are inferred from experimental
+ observations. A suite of numerical simulations is conducted to
+ understand the sublaminate buckling, propagation of delamination and
+ constituent damage upon compression loading. The numerical
+ investigations suggest extensive propagation of delamination with mode
+ transition preceding sublaminate buckling. Initiation and propagation of
+ matrix and fiber cracking, observed upon sublaminate buckling, is the
+ cause of ultimate shear failure. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Oskay, C (Reprint Author), VU Stn B 351831,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
+ Yan, Hao; Oskay, Caglar; Krishnan, Arun; Xu, Luoyu Roy, Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.08.012}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Delamination; Multiscale modeling; Damage mechanics; Finite element
+ analysis; Compression-after-impact}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TEXTILE COMPOSITES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; DAMAGE; DELAMINATION; STRENGTH;
+ HOMOGENIZATION; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; PERFORMANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{caglar.oskay@vanderbilt.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Oskay, Caglar/F-9032-2011}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge the support from the Office of Naval Research
+ and the National Science Foundation. The authors also acknowledge Prof.
+ Uday Vaidya at University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB) for providing
+ samples and allowing us to conduct experiments at UAB testing
+ facilities.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{674PK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000283759400014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000281902600017,
+Author = {Heap, M. J. and Faulkner, D. R. and Meredith, P. G. and Vinciguerra, S.},
+Title = {{Elastic moduli evolution and accompanying stress changes with increasing
+ crack damage: implications for stress changes around fault zones and
+ volcanoes during deformation}},
+Journal = {{GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{183}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{225-236}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{P>The elastic moduli of rock in areas susceptible to crack damage, such
+ as within fault zones or volcanic edifices, can be subject to large
+ modifications. Knowledge of how elastic moduli may vary in such
+ situations is important for both the reliable modelling of volcano
+ deformation and stability and for linear and non-linear elastic crack
+ models for earthquake rupture. Furthermore, it has previously been shown
+ that changes in elastic moduli can induce changes in the stress field
+ surrounding faults. Here we report both uniaxial experimental
+ measurements of changes in elastic moduli during increasing-amplitude
+ cyclic stressing experiments on a range of different rock types
+ (basalts, sandstones and granite) and the results of modelled stress
+ modifications. The trend in elastic moduli evolution with increasing
+ damage was remarkably similar for each rock type, with the exception of
+ essentially crack-free intrusive basalt that exhibited very minor
+ changes. In general, Young's modulus decreased by between 11 and 32 per
+ cent and Poisson's ratio increased by between 72 and 600 per cent over
+ the total sequence of loading cycles. These changes are attributed to an
+ increasing level of anisotropic crack damage within the samples. Our
+ results also show that acoustic emission (AE) output during any loading
+ cycle only commenced when new crack damage was generated. This
+ corresponded to the level of stress where AE ceased during the unloading
+ portion of the previous cycle. Using the multilayer elastic model of
+ Faulkner et al. we demonstrate that the damage-induced changes in
+ elastic moduli also result in significant decreases in differential
+ stress, increases in mean stress and rotation of the applied greatest
+ principal stress relative to the orientation of the mechanical layering.
+ The similar trend in the evolution of the elastic moduli of all the
+ rocks tested suggests that stress modification in the damage zone of
+ faults might take the same form, regardless of the lithology through
+ which the fault runs. These observations are discussed in terms of their
+ applicability to both fault zones and deformation at volcanoes.}},
+Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
+Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Heap, MJ (Reprint Author), Univ Munich, Dept Earth \& Environm Sci, Sect Mineral Petr \& Geochem, Theresienstr 41, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
+ Heap, M. J.; Meredith, P. G., UCL, Rock \& Ice Phys Lab, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England.
+ Faulkner, D. R., Univ Liverpool, Rock Deformat Lab, Dept Earth \& Ocean Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England.
+ Vinciguerra, S., Ist Nazl Geofis \& Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04726.x}},
+ISSN = {{0956-540X}},
+Keywords = {{Fracture and flow; Earthquake dynamics; Volcano seismology; Acoustic
+ properties; Dynamics and mechanics of faulting; Volcanic hazards and
+ risks}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{P-WAVE VELOCITY; MT. ETNA; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
+ CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; DYKE EMPLACEMENT; FRACTURE DAMAGE; MOUNT-ETNA;
+ SYSTEM; GRANITE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{m.heap@ucl.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Heap, Michael/C-7215-2011
+ Faulkner, Daniel/F-7589-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Meredith, Philip/0000-0003-2193-5342}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NERC {[}NER/S/A2005/13553]; FIRB-MIUR (Sviluppo Nuove Tecnologie per la
+ Protezione eDifesa del Territorio dai Rischi Naturali)}},
+Funding-Text = {{We gratefully acknowledge John Bowles for the design and construction of
+ the radial strain jig, Steve Boon for development and implementation of
+ the load control system and Neil Hughes for help and support during
+ experimentation. M. Heap was funded by NERC studentship
+ NER/S/A2005/13553. S. Vinciguerra was funded by the FIRB-MIUR (Sviluppo
+ Nuove Tecnologie per la Protezione eDifesa del Territorio dai Rischi
+ Naturali). We would also like to thank J. Cowlyn, Y. Lavallee and P.
+ Baud for helpful comments, R. Smith for help with the AE analysis and
+ two anonymous reviewers and the editor, Jorg Renner, for constructive
+ comments that improved the manuscript.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Geophys. J. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{651CQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000281902600017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000275133500002,
+Author = {Barbero, Ever J. and Cortes, Daniel H.},
+Title = {{A mechanistic model for transverse damage initiation, evolution, and
+ stiffness reduction in laminated composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{124-132}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{A constitutive model to predict stiffness reduction due to transverse
+ matrix cracking is derived for laminae with arbitrary orientation,
+ subject to in-plane stress, embedded in laminates with symmetric but
+ otherwise arbitrary laminate stacking sequence. The moduli of the
+ damaged laminate are a function of the crack densities in the damaging
+ laminae, which are analyzed one by one. The evolution of crack density
+ in each lamina is derived in terms of the calculated strain energy
+ release rate and predicted as function of the applied load using a
+ fracture mechanics approach. Unlike plasticity-inspired formulations.
+ the proposed model does not postulate damage evolution functions and
+ thus there is no need for additional experimental data to adjust
+ material parameters. All that it is needed are the elastic moduli and
+ critical energy release rates for the laminae. The reduction of lamina
+ stiffness is an integral part of the model, allowing for stress
+ redistribution among laminae. Comparisons with experimental data and
+ some results from the literature are presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Barbero, EJ (Reprint Author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
+ Barbero, Ever J.; Cortes, Daniel H., W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.10.001}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+Keywords = {{Transverse cracking; Analytical modeling; Computational modeling; Damage
+ mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES; ENERGY-BASED PREDICTION; PLY CRACKS;
+ THERMOELASTIC PROPERTIES; CONTIGUOUS PLIES; STRESS TRANSFER; FAILURE;
+ ANGLE; MICROMECHANICS; TENSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{ebarbero@wvu.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{563LM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000275133500002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000276701800003,
+Author = {Radtke, F. K. F. and Simone, A. and Sluys, L. J.},
+Title = {{A computational model for failure analysis of fibre reinforced concrete
+ with discrete treatment of fibres}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{77}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{597-620}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Failure patterns and mechanical behaviour of high-performance fibre
+ reinforced cementitious composites depend on the distribution of fibres
+ within a specimen. In this contribution, we propose a novel
+ computational approach to describe failure processes in fibre reinforced
+ concrete. A discrete treatment of fibres enables us to study the
+ influence of various fibre distributions on the mechanical properties of
+ the material. To ensure numerical efficiency, fibres are not explicitly
+ discretized but they are modelled by applying discrete forces to a
+ background mesh. The background mesh represents the matrix while the
+ discrete forces represent the interaction between fibres and matrix.
+ These forces are assumed to be equal to fibre pull-out forces. With this
+ approach experimental data or micro mechanical models, including
+ detailed information about the fibre-matrix interface, can be directly
+ incorporated into the model. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Simone, A (Reprint Author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn \& Geosci, POB 5048, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
+ Radtke, F. K. F.; Simone, A.; Sluys, L. J., Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn \& Geosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.11.014}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{Fibre reinforced concrete; Finite element method; Failure analysis;
+ Damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; COHESIVE CRACK; CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES;
+ FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{a.simone@tudelft.nl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Simone, Angelo/B-3400-2008
+ Sluys, Lambertus/B-2835-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Simone, Angelo/0000-0001-9726-0068}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Netherlands Science Foundation {[}06623]; Ministry of Public Works and
+ Water Management}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research is supported by the Netherlands Science Foundation STW
+ (under Grant 06623) and the Ministry of Public Works and Water
+ Management. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank Professor H.
+ Muhlhaus for the inspiring discussions on the topic.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{42}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{583TD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000276701800003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000274559100007,
+Author = {Maligno, A. R. and Rajaratnam, S. and Leen, S. B. and Williams, E. J.},
+Title = {{A three-dimensional (3D) numerical study of fatigue crack growth using
+ remeshing techniques}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{77}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{94-111}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Numerical analyses based on the finite element (FE) method and remeshing
+ techniques have been employed in order to develop a damage tolerance
+ approach to be used for the design of aeroengines shaft components.
+ Preliminary experimental tests have permitted the calculation of fatigue
+ crack growth parameters for the high strength alloy steel adopted in
+ this research. Then, a robust numerical study have been carried out to
+ understand the influence of various factors (such as: crack shape, crack
+ closure) on non-planar crack evolution in solid and hollow shafts under
+ mixed-mode loading. The FE analyses have displayed a satisfactory
+ agreement compared to experimental data on compact specimens (CT) and
+ solid shafts. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Maligno, AR (Reprint Author), Univ Loughborough, Wolson Sch Mech \& Mfg Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
+ Maligno, A. R., Univ Loughborough, Wolson Sch Mech \& Mfg Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
+ Rajaratnam, S.; Leen, S. B.; Williams, E. J., Univ Nottingham, Sch M3, Nottingham NG7 2JF, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.09.017}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{FEM; Remeshing; Fatigue crack growth}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EXTENDED FINITE-ELEMENT; THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES; LEVEL SETS;
+ PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; RECOVERY; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{ar.maligno@yahoo.co.uk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Leen, Sean/0000-0002-9772-5651}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Commission; VITAL partners}},
+Funding-Text = {{VITAL is a collaborative research programme, running for four years,
+ which aims to significantly reduce aircraft engine noise and
+ CO2 emissions. It has a total budget of 90 million Euros,
+ including 50 million Euros in funding from the European Commission.
+ Snecma leads a consortium of 52 partners gathering all major European
+ engine manufacturers: Rolls-Royce, Volvo Aero, MTU Aero Engines, ITP,
+ Avio, Techspace Aero and Airbus. The work in this paper was performed
+ under Task WP5.3.3 ``Crack Propagation Model for Low Pressure Metallic
+ Shaft{''}. The authors would like to thank European Commission (under
+ the 6th Framework Programme for Research and Technology Development) and
+ VITAL partners for financial support within the Rolls-Royce UTC in Gas
+ Turbine Transmission Systems at the University of Nottingham. Also, we
+ would like to thank Zentech International Ltd. for the technical support
+ of this research.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{556AO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000274559100007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000282997700015,
+Author = {Moro, I. and Briottet, L. and Lemoine, P. and Andrieu, E. and Blanc, C.
+ and Odemer, G.},
+Title = {{Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of a high strength steel X80}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{527}},
+Number = {{27-28}},
+Pages = {{7252-7260}},
+Month = {{OCT 25}},
+Abstract = {{The present paper deals with hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility
+ of a high strength steel grade (X80). The respective implication of
+ different hydrogen populations, i.e. adsorbed, dissolved in interstitial
+ sites, trapped on dislocations and/or microstructural elements on the
+ associated embrittlement mechanisms has been addressed through
+ mechanical testing in high pressure of hydrogen gas at room temperature.
+ Tensile tests at various strain rates and hydrogen pressures have been
+ carried out. Moreover, changes of gas (hydrogen or nitrogen) during
+ loading have been imposed in order to get critical experiments able to
+ discriminate among the potential hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms
+ already proposed in the literature. The results of these tests have
+ shown that hydrogen induces several kind of damages including decohesion
+ along ferrite/pearlite interfaces and microcracks initiations on the
+ specimens external surface. It is shown that decohesion is not critical
+ under the loading paths used in the present study. On the contrary, it
+ appears that the external microcracks initiation, followed by a
+ quasi-cleavage fracture, is responsible for the premature failure of the
+ material in high pressure of hydrogen gas. These experimental results
+ have been further discussed by modeling hydrogen diffusion in order to
+ identify hydrogen populations (adsorbed, diffusible or trapped) involved
+ in HE. It was then demonstrated that adsorbed and near surface
+ diffusible hydrogen are mainly responsible for embrittlement. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Briottet, L (Reprint Author), CEA, LITEN, DTBH, LCTA, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
+ Moro, I.; Briottet, L.; Lemoine, P., CEA, LITEN, DTBH, LCTA, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
+ Andrieu, E.; Blanc, C.; Odemer, G., Univ Toulouse, CIRIMAT ENSIACET, UPS INPT CNRS, F-31432 Toulouse 4, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2010.07.027}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+Keywords = {{X80; Hydrogen embrittlement; HELP; HID; AIDE; Hydrogen diffusion}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TRANSPORT; DISLOCATIONS; LOCALIZATION; STRESS;
+ METALS; FLOW; CRACKING; IRON}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{isabelle.moro@cea.fr
+ laurent.briottet@cea.fr
+ patrick.lemoine@cea.fr
+ eric.andrieu@ensiacet.fr
+ christine.blanc@ensiacet.fr
+ gregory.odemer@ensiacet.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{664XQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000282997700015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000278842500021,
+Author = {Espinosa-Marzal, Rosa M. and Scherer, George W.},
+Title = {{Advances in Understanding Damage by Salt Crystallization}},
+Journal = {{ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{6, SI}},
+Pages = {{897-905}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The single most important cause of the deterioration of monuments in the
+ Mediterranean basin, and elsewhere around the world, is the
+ crystallization of salt within the pores of the stone. Considerable
+ advances have been made in recent years in elucidating the fundamental
+ mechanisms responsible for salt damage. As a result, new methods of
+ treatment are being proposed that offer the possibility of attacking the
+ cause of the problem, rather than simply treating the symptoms. In this
+ Account, we review the thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization,
+ then examine how a range of technological innovations have been applied
+ experimentally to further the current understanding of in-pore
+ crystallization. We close with a discussion of how computer modeling now
+ provides particularly valuable insight, including quantitative estimates
+ of both the interaction forces between the mineral and the crystal and
+ the stresses induced in the material.
+ Analyzing the kinetics and thermodynamics of crystal growth within the
+ pores of a stone requires sensitive tools used in combination. For
+ example, calorimetry quantifies the amount of salt that precipitates in
+ the pores of a stone during cooling, and dilatometric measurements on a
+ companion sample reveal the stress exerted by the salt. Synchrotron
+ X-rays can penetrate the stone and identify the metastable phases that
+ often appear in the first stages of crystallization. Atomic force
+ microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy permit study
+ of the nanometric liquid film that typically lies between salt and
+ stone; this film controls the magnitude of the pressure exerted and the
+ kinetics of relaxation of the stress. These experimental advances
+ provide validation for increasingly advanced simulations, using
+ continuum models of reactive transport on a macroscopic scale and
+ molecular dynamics on the atomic scale.
+ Because of the fundamental understanding of the damage mechanisms that
+ is beginning to emerge, it is possible to devise methods for protecting
+ monuments and sculptures. For example, chemical modification of the
+ stone can alter the repulsive forces that stabilize the liquid film
+ between the salt and mineral surfaces, thereby reducing the stress that
+ the salt can generate. Alternatively, molecules can be introduced into
+ the pores of the stone that inhibit the nucleation or growth of salt
+ crystals. Many challenges remain, however, particularly in understanding
+ the complex interactions between salts, the role of metastable phases,
+ the mechanism of crack initiation and growth, and the role of biofilms.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER CHEMICAL SOC}},
+Address = {{1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Scherer, GW (Reprint Author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
+ Espinosa-Marzal, Rosa M.; Scherer, George W., Princeton Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
+ Espinosa-Marzal, Rosa M., Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci \& Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1021/ar9002224}},
+ISSN = {{0001-4842}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POROUS MATERIALS; BUILDING-MATERIALS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SURFACE FORCES;
+ SMALL PORES; WATER; STRESS; IONS; HYDRATION; GENERATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Chemistry}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{scherer@princeton.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Scherer, George/0000-0002-5874-2627}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Getty Conservation Institute}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Getty
+ Conservation Institute for financial support.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Accounts Chem. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{611SN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000278842500021}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000279494700014,
+Author = {Slack, Trevor and Sadeghi, Farshid},
+Title = {{Explicit finite element modeling of subsurface initiated spalling in
+ rolling contacts}},
+Journal = {{TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1693-1702}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{An explicit finite element model was developed to investigate crack
+ initiation and spall formation in machine elements subject to rolling
+ contact fatigue. The modeling approach utilizes continuum damage
+ mechanics to capture the initiation and propagation of fatigue damage
+ that leads to the formation of a surface spall. The material
+ microstructure is modeled via a randomly generated Voronoi tessellation.
+ The material parameters for the model were obtained independently from
+ torsional fatigue life data for 52100 bearing steel. The life scatter
+ (Weibull slope) and the spall geometry obtained from the model correlate
+ well with experimental results available in the open literature. (C)
+ 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Slack, T (Reprint Author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA.
+ Slack, Trevor; Sadeghi, Farshid, Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.triboint.2010.03.019}},
+ISSN = {{0301-679X}},
+Keywords = {{Rolling contact fatigue; Damage mechanics; Bearing life}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; FATIGUE CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{tslack@purdue.edu
+ sadeghi@ecn.purdue.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Mechanical Engineering Tribology Laboratory (METL)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to express their deepest appreciations to the
+ Mechanical Engineering Tribology Laboratory (METL) members for their
+ support of this project.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Tribol. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{620JD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279494700014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000273639700007,
+Author = {Sohn, Hoon and Lee, Sang Jun},
+Title = {{Lamb wave tuning curve calibration for surface-bonded piezoelectric
+ transducers}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{19}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Surface-bonded lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers have been
+ widely used for guided wave generation and measurement. For selective
+ actuation and sensing of Lamb wave modes, the sizes of the transducers
+ and the driving frequency of the input waveform should be tuned. For
+ this purpose, a theoretical Lamb wave tuning curve (LWTC) of a specific
+ transducer size is generally obtained. Here, the LWTC plots each Lamb
+ wave mode' amplitude as a function of the driving frequency. However, a
+ discrepancy between experimental and existing theoretical LWTCs has been
+ observed due to little consideration of the bonding layer and the energy
+ distribution between Lamb wave modes. In this study, calibration
+ techniques for theoretical LWTCs are proposed. First, a theoretical LWTC
+ is developed when circular PZT transducers are used for both Lamb wave
+ excitation and sensing. Then, the LWTC is calibrated by estimating the
+ effective PZT size with PZT admittance measurement. Finally, the energy
+ distributions among symmetric and antisymmetric modes are taken into
+ account for better prediction of the relative amplitudes between Lamb
+ wave modes. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration techniques is
+ examined through numerical simulations and experimental estimation of
+ the LWTC using the circular PZT transducers instrumented on an aluminum
+ plate.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sohn, H (Reprint Author), Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
+ Sohn, Hoon, Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
+ Lee, Sang Jun, Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/19/1/015007}},
+Article-Number = {{015007}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FREQUENCY REFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS; RECTANGULAR NOTCH; CRACK
+ DETECTION; ACTIVE-SENSORS; PLATE; COMPOSITES; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{sangjunl@gatech.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Ministry of Science
+ and Technology {[}M20703000015-07N0300-01510]; Agency for Defense
+ Development {[}UC080019JD]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research is supported by the Radiation Technology Program under
+ Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) and the Ministry of
+ Science and Technology (M20703000015-07N0300-01510) and by an Applied
+ Research Grant from the Agency for Defense Development (UC080019JD). Any
+ opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this
+ material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the
+ views of the funding agencies. The authors also would like to thank
+ Professors Irving Oppenheim, David W Greve and Jeffrey S Vipperman for
+ providing invaluable comments for this study.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{544FU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000273639700007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000281982800005,
+Author = {Tvergaard, Viggo and Nielsen, Kim Lau},
+Title = {{Relations between a micro-mechanical model and a damage model for
+ ductile failure in shear}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{58}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1243-1252}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Gurson type constitutive models that account for void growth to
+ coalescence are not able to describe ductile fracture in simple shear,
+ where there is no hydrostatic tension in the material. But recent
+ micro-mechanical studies have shown that in shear the voids are
+ flattened out to micro-cracks, which rotate and elongate until
+ interaction with neighbouring micro-cracks gives coalescence. Thus, the
+ failure mechanism is very different from that under tensile loading.
+ Also, the Gurson model has recently been extended to describe failure in
+ shear, by adding a damage term to the expression for the growth of the
+ void volume fraction, and it has been shown that this extended model can
+ represent experimental observations. Here, numerical studies are carried
+ out to compare predictions of the shear-extended Gurson model with the
+ shear failures predicted by the micro-mechanical cell model. Both models
+ show a strong dependence on the level of hydrostatic tension. Even
+ though the reason for this pressure dependence is different in the two
+ models, as the shear-extended Gurson model does not describe voids
+ flattening out and the associated failure mechanism by micro-cracks
+ interacting with neighbouring micro-cracks, it is shown that the trends
+ of the predictions are in good agreement. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tvergaard, V (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Tvergaard, Viggo; Nielsen, Kim Lau, Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2010.06.006}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4782}},
+Keywords = {{Voids; Plasticity; Shear failure; Contact; Damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RUPTURE MECHANISMS; COMBINED TENSION; VOID NUCLEATION; GURSON MODEL;
+ PLUG FAILURE; LOCALIZATION; FRACTURE; GROWTH; DEFORMATION; PRESSURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{viggo@mek.dtu.dk
+ kin@mek.dtu.dk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{652DY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000281982800005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000275511700014,
+Author = {Tang, G. and Shen, Y. -L. and Singh, D. R. P. and Chawla, N.},
+Title = {{Indentation behavior of metal-ceramic multilayers at the nanoscale:
+ Numerical analysis and experimental verification}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{58}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{2033-2044}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The behavior of aluminum/silicon carbide nanolayered composite in
+ response to nanoindentation loading is studied. The effects of
+ heterogeneity on the deformation fields, as well as the hardness and
+ elastic modulus obtained from indentation, are investigated using finite
+ element analysis. Attention is also devoted to correlating the numerical
+ results with experimental deformation and damage features. The model
+ uses an explicit layered structure within the axisymmetric framework. It
+ is found that the nanolayered composite results in unique deformation
+ patterns. Significant tensile stresses can be generated locally along
+ certain directions, which offers a mechanistic rationale for the
+ internal cracking observed experimentally. The unloading process also
+ leads to an expansion of the tension-stressed area, as well as continued
+ plastic flow in parts of the aluminum layers. Comparisons of hardness
+ and indentation-derived modulus between modeling and experiments also
+ point to the importance of incorporating the detailed geometric features
+ when performing indentation analyses. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc.
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shen, YL (Reprint Author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
+ Tang, G.; Shen, Y. -L., Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
+ Singh, D. R. P.; Chawla, N., Arizona State Univ, Sch Mech Aerosp Chem \& Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2009.11.046}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{Nanoindentation; Multilayers; Nanocomposites; Finite element analysis;
+ Plastic deformation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; ELASTOPLASTIC
+ PROPERTIES; SHARP INDENTATION; NANOINDENTATION; COATINGS; HARDNESS;
+ TENSILE; MICROSTRUCTURES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{shenyl@unm.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chawla, Nikhilesh/A-3433-2008
+ Shen, Yu-Lin/C-1942-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chawla, Nikhilesh/0000-0002-4478-8552
+ }},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}DMR-0504781]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0504781,
+ Drs. A. Ardell and B.A. MacDonald, Program Managers).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{568GY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000275511700014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000280285800011,
+Author = {Citarella, R. and Cricri, G.},
+Title = {{Comparison of DBEM and FEM crack path predictions in a notched shaft
+ under torsion}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{77}},
+Number = {{11, SI}},
+Pages = {{1730-1749}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{3rd International Conference on Crack Paths, Univ Padova, Vicenza,
+ ITALY, SEP, 2009}},
+Abstract = {{The rather complex 3D fatigue crack growth behaviour of two
+ anti-symmetric ``bird wing{''} cracks, initiated from the two crack
+ front corner points of a notched shaft undergoing torsion, is
+ investigated by the Dual Boundary Element Method (DBEM) and by the
+ Finite Element Method (FEM). Different criteria for the crack path
+ assessment (Minimum Strain Energy Density, Maximum Principal Stress and
+ Approximate Energy Release Rate) and for the Stress Intensity Factor
+ (SIF) evaluation (COD and J-integral) are adopted. The Sirs and the
+ crack path, calculated by such different approaches, turn out to be well
+ consistent with each other. Moreover the simulated crack path
+ qualitatively agrees with experimental findings available from
+ literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Citarella, R (Reprint Author), Univ Salerno, Dept Mech Engn, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
+ Citarella, R.; Cricri, G., Univ Salerno, Dept Mech Engn, Fisciano, SA, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.03.012}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{DBEM; FEM; Multiple site damage; 3D crack growth}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FRACTURE CRITERION; SURFACE CRACK; MODE; BEM; 3D}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{rcitarella@unisa.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{cricri, gabriele/0000-0002-1230-9473
+ citarella, roberto/0000-0003-3167-019X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{630PP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000280285800011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000275587500009,
+Author = {Sarkar, S. and Mahadevan, S. and Meeussen, J. C. L. and van der Sloot,
+ H. and Kosson, D. S.},
+Title = {{Numerical simulation of cementitious materials degradation under
+ external sulfate attack}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{241-252}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{A numerical methodology is proposed in this paper to Simulate the
+ degradation of cementitious Materials under external Sulfate attack. The
+ methodology includes diffusion of ions in and out of the structure,
+ chemical reactions which lead to dissolution and precipitation of
+ solids, and mechanical damage accumulation using a continuum damage
+ mechanics approach. Diffusion of ions is assumed to occur under a
+ concentration gradient as well as under a chemical activity gradient.
+ Chemical reactions are assumed to Occur under a local equilibrium
+ condition which is considered to be valid for diffusion controlled
+ reaction mechanisms. A macro-scale representation of mechanical damage
+ is used in this model which reflects the cracking state of the
+ Structure. The mechanical and diffusion properties are modified at each
+ time step based oil the accumulated damage. The model is calibrated and
+ validated using experimental results obtained from the literature. The
+ usefulness of the model in evaluating the mineralogical evolution and
+ mechanical deterioration of the structure is demonstrated. (C) 2009
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mahadevan, S (Reprint Author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Box 1831-B, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
+ Sarkar, S.; Mahadevan, S.; Kosson, D. S., Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
+ Meeussen, J. C. L.; van der Sloot, H., Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, Environm Risk Assessment Grp, Petten, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.12.005}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+Keywords = {{Sulfate attack; Cracking; Degradation; Durability; Numerical modeling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DELAYED ETTRINGITE FORMATION; CONCRETE STRUCTURES; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS;
+ BLENDED CEMENTS; ION DIFFUSION; MODELING ION; DAMAGE MODEL; TRANSPORT;
+ BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{sohini.sarkar@vanderbilt.edu
+ sankaran.mahadevan@vanderbilt.edu
+ meeussen@ecn.nl
+ vandersloot@ecn.nl
+ david.kosson@vanderbilt.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{569HP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000275587500009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000279314100001,
+Author = {Jiang, T. and Shao, J. F. and Xu, W. Y. and Zhou, C. B.},
+Title = {{Experimental investigation and micromechanical analysis of damage and
+ permeability variation in brittle rocks}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{703-713}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Induced anisotropic damage and related permeability variation in brittle
+ rocks are investigated. Triaxial compression tests with permeability
+ measurement are first performed. It is found that the permeability can
+ significantly increase with the growth and coalescence of microcracks.
+ The permeability change can be related to the density and opening of
+ microcracks. Based on various experimental evidences, a
+ micromechanics-based damage model is proposed for the description of
+ anisotropic damage. This model takes into account unilateral effects and
+ frictional sliding in closed microcracks. The normal opening of
+ microcracks generated by the frictional sliding due to the roughness of
+ crack surface is also considered. The overall permeability of cracked
+ medium isestimated by the volumetric averaging of the local permeability
+ in microcracks, which is described by an extended cubic law. Comparisons
+ between numerical predictions and experimental data are presented for
+ different mechanical and hydromechanicaltests. \& 2010 ElsevierLtd.
+ Allrightsreserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shao, JF (Reprint Author), Univ Lille, Polytech Lille USTL, Lab Mecan Lille, UMR8107,CNRS, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Shao, J. F., Univ Lille, Polytech Lille USTL, Lab Mecan Lille, UMR8107,CNRS, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Jiang, T.; Shao, J. F., Univ Hohai, Inst Geomech, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
+ Zhou, C. B., Wuhan Univ, Sch Hydroelect Engn, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.05.003}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+Keywords = {{Damage; Microcracks; Permeability; Hydromechanical coupling; Brittle
+ rocks; Micromechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; CONCRETE; GRANITE; GROWTH; MODEL; FRACTURES;
+ TRANSPORT; JOINTS; MEDIA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{jianfu.shao@univ-lille1.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Jiang, Tao/E-5048-2013
+ Zhou, Chuangbing/A-6964-2015
+ Zhou, Chuang-Bing/B-4254-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Jiang, Tao/0000-0002-3338-4747
+ Zhou, Chuangbing/0000-0002-0114-735X
+ }},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{617XB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279314100001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000279477200004,
+Author = {Shi, Xianming and Fay, Laura and Peterson, Marijean M. and Yang,
+ Zhengxian},
+Title = {{Freeze-thaw damage and chemical change of a portland cement concrete in
+ the presence of diluted deicers}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{933-946}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The present study experimentally investigates the effect of different
+ diluted deicers on concrete deterioration. Laboratory simulations of
+ environmental freeze/thaw cycling were first conducted on Portland
+ cement concrete specimens in the presence of various deicers (NaCl,
+ K-formate, NaCl-based deicer, K-acetate-based deicer,
+ Na-acetate/Na-formate blend deicer, CMA deicer, or MgCl(2) liquid
+ deicer); and SEM/EDX measurements were then conducted for the concrete
+ samples. Under the experimental conditions in this study, the CMA solid
+ deicer and the MgCl(2) liquid deicer were benign to the concrete
+ durability, whereas K-formate and the Na-acetate/Na-formate blend deicer
+ showed moderate amount of weight loss and noticeable deterioration of
+ the concrete. NaCl, the NaCl-based deicer, and the K-acetate-based
+ deicer were the most deleterious to the concrete. In addition to
+ exacerbating physical distresses, each investigated chemical or diluted
+ deicer chemically reacted with some of the cement hydrates and formed
+ new products in the pores and cracks. Such physiochemical changes of the
+ cement paste induced by the deicers pose various levels of risks for the
+ concrete durability.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shi, XM (Reprint Author), Montana State Univ, Corros \& Sustainable Infrastruct Lab, Western Transportat Inst, Coll Engn, POB 174250, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
+ Shi, Xianming; Fay, Laura; Peterson, Marijean M.; Yang, Zhengxian, Montana State Univ, Corros \& Sustainable Infrastruct Lab, Western Transportat Inst, Coll Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
+ Shi, Xianming, Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1617/s11527-009-9557-0}},
+ISSN = {{1359-5997}},
+Keywords = {{Deicer; Portland cement concrete; SEM; EDX; Freeze-thaw}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ALKALI-SILICA REACTION; MORTARS; CORROSION; EXPANSION; WATER}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{xianming\_s@coe.montana.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Shi, Xianming/A-5108-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Shi, Xianming/0000-0003-3576-8952
+ Yang, Zhengxian/0000-0003-1703-4963}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT); Research and Innovative
+ Technology Administration under the U.S. DOT; CDOT technical panel}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge the funding support by the Colorado Department
+ of Transportation (CDOT) and by the Research and Innovative Technology
+ Administration under the U.S. DOT. We also thank the CDOT Research Study
+ Managers Roberto de Dios and Patricia Martinek and the CDOT technical
+ panel for their support. We also extend our sincere appreciation to Dr.
+ Recep Avci of the Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory at Montana
+ State University for the use of FESEM/EDX instrumentation and Mr. Doug
+ Cross of the Western Transportation Institute for his help with concrete
+ batching.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{620CS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279477200004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000276770300002,
+Author = {Singh, Chandra Veer and Talreja, Ramesh},
+Title = {{Evolution of ply cracks in multidirectional composite laminates}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1338-1349}},
+Month = {{MAY 15}},
+Abstract = {{This paper treats evolution of ply cracks in multidirectional composite
+ laminates subjected to a quasi-static tensile load in the longitudinal
+ direction. Starting with pre-existing ply cracks in off-axis plies, the
+ formation of additional cracks is analyzed by an energy-based approach.
+ A critical laminate energy parameter associated with formation of these
+ cracks is defined and is evaluated using experimental data for a
+ reference cross-ply laminate. The modeling approach requires crack
+ surface displacements, which are calculated by a three-dimensional
+ finite element (3-D FE) analysis performed on a suitable representative
+ volume of the given cracked laminate. The model predictions agree well
+ with experimental data for {[}0/ +/- 0(4)/0(1/2)](s) and {[}0/90/ -/+
+ 45](s) laminates. A parametric study is conducted to evaluate effects of
+ ply thickness and ply stacking sequence on damage evolution in
+ {[}0(m)/90(n)/ -/+ 0(p)](s) laminates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Talreja, R (Reprint Author), Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Singh, Chandra Veer; Talreja, Ramesh, Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.01.016}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Multidirectional composites; Ply cracking; Damage mechanics;
+ Computational simulation; Damage evolution}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TRANSVERSE CRACKING; PROPAGATION; THICKNESS; PLIES; ANGLE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{chandraveer@tamu.edu
+ talreja@aero.tamu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Singh, Chandra Veer/B-4632-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Singh, Chandra Veer/0000-0002-6644-0178}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{584RM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000276770300002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000275244900011,
+Author = {Obaidat, Yasmeen Taleb and Heyden, Susanne and Dahlblom, Ola},
+Title = {{The effect of CFRP and CFRP/concrete interface models when modelling
+ retrofitted RC beams with FEM}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{92}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1391-1398}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Concrete structures retrofitted with fibre reinforced plastic (FRP)
+ applications have become widespread in the last decade due to the
+ economic benefit from it. This paper presents a finite element analysis
+ which is validated against laboratory tests of eight beams. All beams
+ had the same rectangular cross-section geometry and were loaded under
+ four point bending, but differed in the length of the carbon fibre
+ reinforced plastic (CFRP) plate. The commercial numerical analysis tool
+ Abaqus was used, and different material models were evaluated with
+ respect to their ability to describe the behaviour of the beams. Linear
+ elastic isotropic and orthotropic models were used for the CFRP and a
+ perfect bond model and a cohesive bond model was used for the
+ concrete-CFRP interface. A plastic damage model was used for the
+ concrete. The analyses results show good agreement with the experimental
+ data regarding load-displacement response, crack pattern and debonding
+ failure mode when the cohesive bond model is used. The perfect bond
+ model failed to capture the softening behaviour of the beams. There is
+ no significant difference between the elastic isotropic and orthotropic
+ models for the CFRP. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Obaidat, YT (Reprint Author), Lund Univ, Div Struct Mech, Lund, Sweden.
+ Obaidat, Yasmeen Taleb; Heyden, Susanne; Dahlblom, Ola, Lund Univ, Div Struct Mech, Lund, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.11.008}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP); Strengthening; Laminate;
+ Cohesive model; Reinforced concrete beam; Finite element analysis (FEA)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONCRETE; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{Yasmeen.Obaidat@byggmek.lth.se}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{564VB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000275244900011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000286069800030,
+Author = {Loyola, Bryan R. and La Saponara, Valeria and Loh, Kenneth J.},
+Title = {{In situ strain monitoring of fiber-reinforced polymers using embedded
+ piezoresistive nanocomposites}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{45}},
+Number = {{24}},
+Pages = {{6786-6798}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) structures and components are highly
+ susceptible to damage due to delamination, matrix cracking,
+ inter-laminar fracture, and debonding, all of which have potential to
+ cause catastrophic structural failure. While numerous sensing
+ technologies have been developed and embedded in FRP composites for
+ monitoring strain, they serve as defects and can promote damage
+ formation and propagation. Thus, in this study, an alternative technique
+ is proposed for in situ strain monitoring of FRP composites via
+ layer-by-layer multi-walled carbon nanotube-polyelectrolyte thin films
+ deposited directly upon glass fiber weaves. To date, these carbon
+ nanotube-based thin films have been validated for their
+ piezoresistivity. The objective of this study is to characterize the
+ strain sensing performance of different thickness thin films deposited
+ on glass fiber weaves and embedded in FRP specimens using time-domain
+ two-point probe resistance and frequency-domain electrical impedance
+ spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. From the experimental thin film
+ electromechanical response, a new method for fitting using a cubic
+ smoothing spline is implemented and is compared to linear least-squares
+ fitting. The results show that the cubic spline fit is better suited for
+ capturing the strain sensitivities (or gage factors) of these thin films
+ within the time-and frequency-domains along with the variation of strain
+ sensitivity with applied strain. The bulk resistance response is
+ described by the DC resistance measurements, whereas the EIS
+ measurements provide insight of the inter-nanotube response.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{La Saponara, V (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
+ Loyola, Bryan R.; La Saponara, Valeria, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
+ Loh, Kenneth J., Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10853-010-4775-y}},
+ISSN = {{0022-2461}},
+EISSN = {{1573-4803}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CARBON NANOTUBE NETWORKS; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; COMPOSITE; SENSORS;
+ PERCOLATION; SYSTEM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{vlasaponara@ucdavis.edu
+ kjloh@ucdavis.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Loh, Kenneth/P-3218-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Loh, Kenneth/0000-0003-1448-6251}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}CMMI-0642814]; College of Engineering,
+ University of California, Davis}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank Dr. Frank Yaghmaie, Ms. Yingjun
+ ``Irene{''} Zhao, Mr. Joe Fleck, and the Northern California
+ Nanotechnology Center (NC2) for assistance with acquiring the
+ SEM images. The authors would also like to acknowledge the National
+ Science Foundation (CAREER CMMI-0642814) and the College of Engineering,
+ University of California, Davis, for support of this research.
+ Additional support has also been provided by the University of
+ California Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of
+ Society (CITRIS).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{58}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{704RJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000286069800030}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000283611000022,
+Author = {Daggumati, S. and Van Paepegem, W. and Degrieck, J. and Xu, J. and
+ Lomov, S. V. and Verpoest, I.},
+Title = {{Local damage in a 5-harness satin weave composite under static tension:
+ Part II - Meso-FE modelling}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{70}},
+Number = {{13, SI}},
+Pages = {{1934-1941}},
+Month = {{NOV 15}},
+Abstract = {{This study forms the second part of a paper on the local damage analysis
+ in a thermo-plastic 5-harness satin weave composite under uni-axial
+ static tensile load. The experimental observations of Part I are
+ confronted with the meso-FE simulations Part II describes the following
+ steps regarding the unit cell meso-FE modelling starting from. (1)
+ construction of the unit cell geometrical model: (2) estimation of the
+ homogenized elastic constants of the unit cell using different boundary
+ conditions, (3) evaluation of the local stress and damage behavior of
+ the unit cell using meso-FE simulations. The aim of the numerical
+ analysis is to investigate the dependency of local ply stress and damage
+ profiles on the adjacent layers of the laminate
+ In order to reflect the constraints posed by the surrounding plies,
+ depending on the ply placement in the laminate (inside/surface),
+ different unit cell geometrical models with suitable boundary conditions
+ were used for the FE analysis From the numerical simulations It is
+ observed that (a) the homogenized elastic constants of the unit cell
+ vary considerably depending on the boundary conditions used for the unit
+ cell FE analysis, (b) intra-yarn stress and damage profiles are
+ sensitive to the unit cell model as well as the boundary conditions used
+ for the FE analysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Daggumati, S (Reprint Author), Univ Ghent, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Sint Pietersnieuwstr 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Daggumati, S.; Van Paepegem, W.; Degrieck, J., Univ Ghent, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Xu, J.; Lomov, S. V.; Verpoest, I., Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.002}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Textile composite; Transverse cracking; Finite element analysis (FEA);
+ Multiscale modelling; Weft yarn damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WOVEN FABRIC COMPOSITES; TEXTILE COMPOSITES; HOMOGENIZATION; ELEMENT;
+ COMPONENTS; SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/C-2366-2014
+ VAN PAEPEGEM, Wim/A-1822-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/0000-0002-8194-4913
+ VAN PAEPEGEM, Wim/0000-0003-0672-3675}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{FWO - Vlaanderen {[}G.0233.06H]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge the FWO - Vlaanderen for the
+ financial support provided through the Project G.0233.06H. The authors
+ also express their gratitude to `Ten Cate' for supplying the composite
+ plates.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{672TY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000283611000022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000278894600012,
+Author = {Ozbolt, J. and Balabanic, G. and Periskic, G. and Kuster, M.},
+Title = {{Modelling the effect of damage on transport processes in concrete}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1638-1648}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The calculation of corrosion current density, during the process of
+ electrochemical steel corrosion in concrete, requires modelling of the
+ following physical and electrochemical processes: transport of capillary
+ water, oxygen and chloride through the concrete cover, immobilization of
+ chloride in the concrete, transport of OH(-) ions through electrolyte in
+ concrete pores and cathodic and anodic polarization. The paper deals
+ with a 3D numerical model for transport of capillary water, oxygen and
+ chloride through the concrete. The model is formulated in the framework
+ of continuum mechanics following basic principles of irreversible
+ thermodynamics. The mechanical part of the model is based on the
+ hygro-thermo dependent microplane model of concrete. Damage and cracking
+ phenomena are modelled within the concept of smeared cracks (weak
+ discontinuity). The interaction between the non-mechanical processes
+ (distribution of temperature, capillary water, oxygen and chloride) and
+ mechanical properties of concrete (damage) is taken into account. The
+ strong and weak formulations of the model and the implementation into a
+ 3D finite element code are discussed. The formulation is restricted to
+ the processes leading to depassivation of reinforcement. The application
+ of the model is illustrated on a numerical example in which the
+ transient 3D finite element analysis of RC slab is carried out to
+ investigate the influence of damage of concrete on depassivation time of
+ reinforcement. In the analysis, the undamaged and damaged parts of
+ previously loaded RC slabs are exposed to the aggressive influence of
+ seawater. Due to external load, the RC slab was partly cracked before
+ the exposure to seawater. Consequently, the damaged part of the slab
+ exhibits a much shorter depassivation time than the undamaged part. This
+ is due to the cracking of concrete, which significantly accelerates
+ processes that are relevant for depassivation of reinforcement. It is
+ shown that depassivation in the cracked concrete is reached almost
+ immediately after the attack of chlorides. The numerical results are in
+ good agreement with the available experimental observations. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ozbolt, J (Reprint Author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Construct Mat, Pfaffenwaldring 4, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
+ Ozbolt, J.; Periskic, G., Univ Stuttgart, Inst Construct Mat, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
+ Ozbolt, J.; Balabanic, G., Gradevinski Fak Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.
+ Kuster, M., Gradevinski Fak Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.02.028}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{Concrete; Transport processes; Damage; Depassivation; Microplane model;
+ Finite elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STEEL CORROSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CHLORIDE DIFFUSION; CRACKED
+ CONCRETE; REINFORCEMENT; BEHAVIOR; MEDIA; IONS; FLOW}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ozbolt@iwb.uni-stuttgart.de
+ gojko@gradri.hr
+ periskic@iwb.uni-stuttgart.de
+ marijak@grad.hr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{612JP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000278894600012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000279040300012,
+Author = {Pietropaoli, Elisa and Riccio, Aniello},
+Title = {{On the robustness of finite element procedures based on Virtual Crack
+ Closure Technique and fail release approach for delamination growth
+ phenomena. Definition and assessment of a novel methodology}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{70}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1288-1300}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Numerical procedures based on the combined use of the Virtual Crack
+ Closure Technique and of a fail release approach have been widely used
+ to simulate delamination growth phenomena of composite material
+ structures. This paper starts explaining why this kind of methodologies
+ might not be robust due to mesh and load step size dependency and
+ introduces a novel approach able to cope with the problems identified.
+ Finally the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed procedure,
+ implemented into a commercial finite element software by means of user
+ subroutines, are assessed by comparing the obtained numerical results
+ for a delamination growth phenomenon against literature experimental
+ data on a stiffened panel with a circular embedded delamination under
+ compressive load. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pietropaoli, E (Reprint Author), CIRA Italian Aerosp Res Ctr, Via Maiorise, I-81043 Capua, Italy.
+ Pietropaoli, Elisa; Riccio, Aniello, CIRA Italian Aerosp Res Ctr, I-81043 Capua, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.04.006}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Layered structures; Delamination; Buckling; Damage mechanics; Finite
+ element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POSTBUCKLED EMBEDDED DELAMINATION; STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; STIFFENED
+ PANELS; PLATE ELEMENTS; COMPOSITE; COMPRESSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{e.pietropaoli@cira.it
+ a.riccio@cira.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Riccio, Aniello/F-3086-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Riccio, Aniello/0000-0001-7426-6803}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Community {[}FP7/2007-2013, 213371-MAAXIMUS]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research leading to these results has received funding from the
+ European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under
+ Grant agreement No. 213371-MAAXIMUS.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{3}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{614FH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279040300012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000277013700003,
+Author = {Li, Longbiao and Song, Yingdong},
+Title = {{An Approach to Estimate Interface Shear Stress of Ceramic Matrix
+ Composites from Hysteresis Loops}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{17}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{309-328}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{An approach to estimate interface shear stress of ceramic matrix
+ composites during fatigue loading has been developed in this paper. By
+ adopting a shear-lag model which includes the matrix shear deformation
+ in the bonded region and friction in the debonded region, the matrix
+ crack space and interface debonding length are obtained by matrix
+ statistical cracking model and fracture mechanics interface debonding
+ criterion. Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to
+ matrix in the interface debonded region upon unloading and subsequent
+ reloading, the unloading counter slip length and reloading new slip
+ length are determined by the fracture mechanics method. The hysteresis
+ loops of four different cases have been derived. The hysteresis loss
+ energy for the strain energy lost per volume during corresponding cycle
+ is formulated in terms of interface shear stress. By comparing the
+ experimental hysteresis loss energy with computational values, the
+ interface shear stress corresponding to different cycles can then be
+ derived. The theoretical results have been compared with experimental
+ data of three different ceramic composites.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, LB (Reprint Author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Energy \& Power Engn, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
+ Li, Longbiao; Song, Yingdong, Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Energy \& Power Engn, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10443-009-9122-6}},
+ISSN = {{0929-189X}},
+Keywords = {{Ceramic matrix composites; Fatigue; Hysteresis loops; Interface shear
+ stress}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-REINFORCED CERAMICS; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; STRAIN BEHAVIOR; OUT TESTS;
+ CRACKING; FRICTION; DAMAGE; GLASS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{llb451@nuaa.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Doctoral Innovation Foundation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and
+ Astronautics {[}BCXJ08-05]; Graduate Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu
+ Province {[}CX08B-133Z]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is sponsored by the Doctoral Innovation Foundation of Nanjing
+ University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (No. BCXJ08-05), the Graduate
+ Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. CX08B-133Z).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Compos. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{587SS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000277013700003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000274444300012,
+Author = {Xu, Feng and Helfen, Lukas and Moffat, Andrew J. and Johnson, Gregory
+ and Sinclair, Ian and Baumbach, Tilo},
+Title = {{Synchrotron radiation computed laminography for polymer composite
+ failure studies}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{17}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{222-226}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Synchrotron radiation computed laminography is applied to the
+ three-dimensional micro-imaging of damage in large polymer composite
+ plates with high spatial resolution. The influence of different
+ experimental conditions is studied with respect to measurement time
+ optimization, dose minimization and reduction of artefacts in the
+ reconstructed images. Failures like delaminations, transverse ply cracks
+ and splits are observed under in situ loads. The propagation of up to 2
+ mm-long cracks is non-destructively followed in situ and investigated in
+ detail. By phase retrieval using a single detector distance, the
+ failures can be easily visualized in three dimensions.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC}},
+Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xu, F (Reprint Author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, ANKA Inst Synchrotron Radiat, Karlsruhe, Germany.
+ Xu, Feng; Helfen, Lukas; Baumbach, Tilo, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, ANKA Inst Synchrotron Radiat, Karlsruhe, Germany.
+ Moffat, Andrew J.; Sinclair, Ian, Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.
+ Johnson, Gregory, European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1107/S0909049510001512}},
+ISSN = {{0909-0495}},
+Keywords = {{laminography; in situ loading; polymer composites; phase retrieval}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{X-RAYS; PHASE; TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Optics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{feng.xu@kit.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sinclair, Ian/G-4201-2010}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EPSRC {[}EP/E000711/1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The ESRF provided valuable beam time for this project. The authors
+ acknowledge J.-P. Valade of beamline ID19 for help during installation
+ of the set-up. Airbus and GE-Aviation are acknowledged for materials
+ supply, and EPSRC support for AJM (project reference EP/E000711/1).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Synchrot. Radiat.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{554OM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000274444300012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000283611000021,
+Author = {Daggumati, S. and De Baere, I. and Van Paepegem, W. and Degrieck, J. and
+ Xu, J. and Lomov, S. V. and Verpoest, I.},
+Title = {{Local damage in a 5-harness satin weave composite under static tension:
+ Part I - Experimental analysis}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{70}},
+Number = {{13, SI}},
+Pages = {{1926-1933}},
+Month = {{NOV 15}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents an experimental damage analysis of a 5-harness satin
+ weave carbon-PPS (polyphenylene sulphide) composite under uni-axial
+ static tensile load In order to understand the local damage behaviour,
+ tensile tests were performed and accompanied by acoustic emission (AE)
+ and microscopic analysis of the composite specimen. These tests enable
+ us to detect the damage initiation stress as well as the damage
+ initiation location in the composite Microscopic observation of the
+ tested composite laminates allowed the characterization of the sequence
+ of intra-yarn transverse damage (perpendicular to the load direction)
+ occurrence at different locations in the laminate, starting from crack
+ initiation to the final failure of the composite
+ The earliest crack events occurred inside the laminate middle layers,
+ followed by the damage on the traction free surface It is observed that
+ the initiation of the transverse crack, the location of the crack in the
+ weft yarn cross-section (centre/near the edges) is affected by the
+ relative position of the ply in the laminate (local nesting
+ configuration) The first part of this paper deals with the experimental
+ characterization of sequential damage in a 5-harness satin weave
+ composite. Part II deals with the meso-FE modeling of damage using a
+ satin weave unit cell, and the correlation between experimental and
+ numerical results. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Daggumati, S (Reprint Author), Univ Ghent, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Sint Pietersnieuwstr 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Daggumati, S.; De Baere, I.; Van Paepegem, W.; Degrieck, J., Univ Ghent, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Xu, J.; Lomov, S. V.; Verpoest, I., Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.003}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Textile composite; Transverse cracking; Acoustic emission; Multiscale
+ modelling; Weft yarn damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION;
+ ACCUMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/C-2366-2014
+ VAN PAEPEGEM, Wim/A-1822-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/0000-0002-8194-4913
+ VAN PAEPEGEM, Wim/0000-0003-0672-3675}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{FWO - Vlaanderen {[}G.0233.06H]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge the FWO - Vlaanderen for the
+ financial support provided through the Project G.0233.06H. Assistance
+ from the laboratory staff at the department of MTM - Kris van der Staey
+ and Johan Vanhuist is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also express
+ their gratitude to `Ten Cate' for supplying the composite plates.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{32}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{672TY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000283611000021}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000284674400012,
+Author = {Vajdova, Veronika and Zhu, Wei and Chen, Tzu-Mo Natalie and Wong,
+ Teng-fong},
+Title = {{Micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in Tavel
+ limestone}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1158-1169}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Previous studies reveal that while compact carbonate rocks display
+ exclusively dilatancy under compressive deformation, compaction may be
+ observed in their more porous counterparts. In their compactive behavior
+ the porous carbonate rocks are more akin to e.g., sandstone. Whereas the
+ micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in sandstone has
+ been studied extensively, little is known about these processes in a
+ porous limestone. To investigate both failure modes we deformed samples
+ of Tavel limestone with porosity 10-14\% to various stages of
+ deformation in conventional triaxial configuration at confining
+ pressures corresponding to brittle faulting and cataclastic flow and
+ described the microstructures associated with the damage evolution using
+ optical and electron microscopy. In this porous micritic limestone
+ cataclasis is the dominant mechanism of deformation. The microcracks
+ initiate as pore-emanated and while all pores contribute to microcrack
+ initiation, it is the large pores that drive crack propagation and
+ coalescence leading to failure. In brittle faulting, dilatancy arises
+ from microcracks growing parallel to maximum principal stress, with
+ their coalescence leading to shear localization. In cataclastic flow
+ microcracks do not have preferred orientation. Interplay between pore
+ collapse and formation of new microcracks determines the compactive
+ versus dilatant character of the cataclastic flow. (C) 2010 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vajdova, V (Reprint Author), NOV Downhole, 500 Conroe Pk W, Conroe, TX 77303 USA.
+ Vajdova, Veronika; Zhu, Wei; Chen, Tzu-Mo Natalie; Wong, Teng-fong, SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsg.2010.07.007}},
+ISSN = {{0191-8141}},
+Keywords = {{Micromechanics; Limestone; Pore collapse; Shear failure; Microstructure;
+ Experimental}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FAILURE; ROCKS; DEFORMATION; TRANSITION; COMPRESSION; COMPACTION;
+ SANDSTONE; SOLIDS; MARBLE; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{veronika@gmail.com}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy
+ {[}DE-FG02-99ER14996, DE-SC0004118]}},
+Funding-Text = {{We are grateful to Elizabeth Bemer and Patrick Baud who kindly provided
+ the blocks of Tavel limestone. We want to thank Patrick Baud for help
+ with experiments, Jim Quinn for assistance with SEM microscopy and Wenlu
+ Zhu for discussions on microstructure interpretation. We also want to
+ thank Ernie Rutter and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments
+ and suggestions. This research was partially supported by the Office of
+ Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy under grants
+ DE-FG02-99ER14996 and DE-SC0004118.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{32}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Struct. Geol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{686CM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000284674400012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000274873400011,
+Author = {Driemeier, Larissa and Bruenig, Michael and Micheli, Giancarlo and
+ Alves, Marcilio},
+Title = {{Experiments on stress-triaxiality dependence of material behavior of
+ aluminum alloys}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{207-217}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{The paper presents and discusses experimental procedures, visual
+ observations and test results considered important to obtain data that
+ can be used in validation of constitutive relations and failure
+ criteria. The aim is to investigate the combined effects of stress
+ intensity, stress-triaxiality and Lode parameter on the material
+ response and failure behavior of aluminum alloys. Smooth and pre-notched
+ tensile and shear specimens were manufactured from both very thin sheets
+ and thicker plates to cover a wide range of stress triaxialities and
+ Lode parameters. In addition, modified Arcan specimens were designed
+ allowing investigation of the effect of sudden changes in stress states
+ and deformation modes on the material behavior. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Driemeier, L (Reprint Author), Univ Sao Paulo, Grp Solid Mech \& Struct Impact, Dept Mechatron \& Mech Syst Engn, Av Prof Mello Moraes 2231, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
+ Driemeier, Larissa; Micheli, Giancarlo; Alves, Marcilio, Univ Sao Paulo, Grp Solid Mech \& Struct Impact, Dept Mechatron \& Mech Syst Engn, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
+ Bruenig, Michael, Tech Univ, Lehrstuhl Baumech Stat, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.11.012}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+EISSN = {{1872-7743}},
+Keywords = {{Experiments; Aluminum alloys; Stress-triaxiality; Lode parameter}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; DUCTILE FAILURE;
+ STRUCTURAL-STEEL; CRACK INITIATION; STRAIN-RATE; PART I; FRACTURE;
+ MODEL; CRITERION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{driemeie@usp.br}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Micheli, Giancarlo/B-5706-2014
+ Driemeier, Larissa/I-5722-2013}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{FAPESP {[}04/15404-0, 06/60511-5]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
+ (German Research Foundation) {[}BR1793/10-1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The Brazilian co-authors acknowledges the support Of FAPESP, a research
+ funding agency from Sao Paulo state, through contracts 04/15404-0 and
+ 06/60511-5. Financial support for the German co-author frorn the
+ Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) through
+ contract number BR1793/10-1 is gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{32}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{560AG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000274873400011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000279993900029,
+Author = {Escobedo, J. P. and Gupta, Y. M.},
+Title = {{Dynamic tensile response of Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys: Fracture
+ morphologies and mechanisms}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{107}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Month = {{JUN 15}},
+Abstract = {{Plate impact experiments were conducted to examine the dynamic tensile
+ response of Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys (BAAs) having a nominal
+ composition of Zr56.7Cu15.3Ni12.5Nb5.0Al10.0Y0.5. The experimental
+ configuration used in our work permitted soft recovery of the samples to
+ allow a careful examination of the fractured samples along with
+ real-time measurements of the sample free-surface velocity (FSV)
+ histories. Tensile loading was preceded by elastic compressive loading
+ to peak stresses in the 3.6 to 6.0 GPa range. Tensile damage in the
+ recovered samples was examined using optical and electron microscopy.
+ The microscopy results showed that the BAA samples exhibit a brittle
+ behavior (as a glass) at the macroscopic level and a ductile behavior
+ (as a metal) at the microscopic level; in addition, corrugations and
+ bumps are observed at the nanoscale. The observed fracture morphologies
+ are related to three key features present in our spall experiments:
+ preceding compressive stress (3.6-6.0 GPa), high tensile loading rate
+ (similar to 10(6)/s), high mean tensile stress (similar to 2.3 GPa); and
+ are intrinsically related to the amorphous glassy structure of the BAAs
+ (free volume content). We propose that the compressive stress depletes
+ the free volume content. With increasing compressive stress, the
+ available free volume decreases causing a suppression of shear stresses
+ during tension. Thus, the mean tensile component becomes more dominant
+ at higher stresses. Consequently, the observed surface morphology
+ results from brittle cleavage, causing an increased damage localization
+ in the recovered samples spalled at higher stresses. These observations
+ support the inferences made from measurements of FSV histories. The high
+ tensile loading rate is proposed to be responsible for cracking by
+ multiple shear band propagation and interception, rendering the observed
+ serrated surface morphology. Finally, we proposed that the corrugations
+ are created due to a succession of arrest and propagation of mode I
+ cracks. A subsequent dilatation, due to the effect of the tensile mean
+ stress, caused the corrugations to evolve to bump-type features with
+ sizes in the range of 10-100 nm. Our proposed mechanisms, although
+ qualitative, constitute a systematic attempt to provide an explanation
+ for the fracture morphologies observed in spalled BAA samples. (C) 2010
+ American Institute of Physics. {[}doi:10.1063/1.3447751]}},
+Publisher = {{AMER INST PHYSICS}},
+Address = {{CIRCULATION \& FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
+ MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Escobedo, JP (Reprint Author), Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Escobedo, J. P.; Gupta, Y. M., Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1063/1.3447751}},
+Article-Number = {{123502}},
+ISSN = {{0021-8979}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SHOCK-WAVE RESPONSE; METALLIC-GLASS; FREE-VOLUME; STRAIN-RATES;
+ COMPRESSION; DEFORMATION; FLOW; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURES; LOCALIZATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{ymgupta@wsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Escobedo, Juan/J-9077-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Escobedo-Diaz, Juan/0000-0003-2413-7119}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{DOE {[}DE-FG03-97SF 21388]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Kent Perkins, Nathan Arganbright, and Kurt Zimmerman are thanked for
+ their assistance with performing the experiments. Discussions about
+ various aspects of this work with Dr. Atakan Peker were helpful. This
+ work was supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-97SF 21388.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{42}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Phys.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{626UX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279993900029}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000279026500001,
+Author = {Richard, Benjamin and Ragueneau, Frederic and Cremona, Christian and
+ Adelaide, Lucas},
+Title = {{Isotropic continuum damage mechanics for concrete under cyclic loading:
+ Stiffness recovery, inelastic strains and frictional sliding}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{77}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1203-1223}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A three dimensional set of constitutive equations for modelling
+ quasi-brittle materials such as concrete is presented. It is formulated
+ within the framework of irreversible processes thermodynamics in order
+ to fulfill physical consistency. A single scalar damage variable has
+ been introduced in order to take into account nonlinearities due to
+ micro-cracking. The sliding influence and the partial stiffness recovery
+ have been considered for cyclic loadings. Related numerical aspects are
+ presented. Both plain and reinforced concrete structures are computed up
+ to failure in order to show the efficiency and the robustness of the
+ proposed model. Numerical results are both quantitatively and
+ qualitatively compared to experimental data and highlight good
+ agreement. The proposed constitutive equations seem accurate and robust
+ enough for computing large scale structure subject not only to monotonic
+ loadings but also to cyclic ones. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cremona, C (Reprint Author), Minist Ecol Energy Sustainable Dev \& Sea, Directorate Res \& Innovat, F-92055 Tour Voltaire, La Defense, France.
+ Cremona, Christian, Minist Ecol Energy Sustainable Dev \& Sea, Directorate Res \& Innovat, F-92055 Tour Voltaire, La Defense, France.
+ Ragueneau, Frederic, Univ Paris 6 UniverSud, CNRS, ENS Cachan, LMT Cachan, Cachan, France.
+ Richard, Benjamin; Ragueneau, Frederic; Adelaide, Lucas, Univ Paris Est, Lab Cent Ponts \& Chaussees, F-75732 Paris, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.02.010}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{Concrete; Damage; Frictional sliding; Partial stiffness recovery; Cyclic
+ loading}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BRITTLE MATERIALS; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; MICROPLANE MODEL;
+ FINITE-ELEMENTS; GRADIENT; LOCALIZATION; FORMULATION; LENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Christian.Cremona@developpement-durable.gouv.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{LCPC}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors wish express their most grateful thanks to LCPC for its
+ financial supports. ENS Cachan/LMT and CEA are also thanked for their
+ technical help. The authors would like to thank Alexandre Cury for his
+ contribution to the paper improvement.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{614AG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000279026500001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000273511200004,
+Author = {Bothara, Jitendra K. and Dhakal, Rajesh P. and Mander, John B.},
+Title = {{Seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry building: An experimental
+ investigation}},
+Journal = {{EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING \& STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{45-68}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents the result,,, of an experimental investigation
+ carried out to investigate the seismic performance of a two storey brick
+ masonry house with one room ill each floor. A half-scale building
+ constructed using single wythe clay brick masonry laid in cement sand
+ mortar and a conventional timber floor and timber roof clad with clay
+ tiles was tested under earthquake ground motions oil a shaking table,
+ first ill the longitudinal direction and then in the transverse
+ direction. In each direction, the building was Subjected to different
+ ground motions with gradually increasing intensity. Dynamic properties
+ of the system were assessed through white-noise tests after each ground
+ Motion. The building suffered increasing levels of damage as the
+ excitations became more severe. The damage ranged from cracking to
+ global/local rocking of different piers and partial out-of-plane failure
+ 4 the walls. Nevertheless, the building did not collapse under base
+ excitations with peak ground acceleration up to 0.8g. General behaviour
+ of the tested building Model the tests is discussed, and fragility
+ Curves are developed for unreinforced masonry buildings based oil the
+ experimental results. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
+Address = {{THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Dhakal, RP (Reprint Author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil \& Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
+ Dhakal, Rajesh P., Univ Canterbury, Dept Civil \& Nat Resources Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
+ Bothara, Jitendra K., Beca Carter Hollings \& Ferner Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand.
+ Mander, John B., Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/eqe.932}},
+ISSN = {{0098-8847}},
+Keywords = {{unreinforced masonry; seismic performance; shaking table test; fragility
+ curves}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TESTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological}},
+Author-Email = {{rajesh.dhakal@canterbury.ac.nz}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{542QY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000273511200004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000282481900009,
+Author = {AL-Shudeifat, Mohammad A. and Butcher, Eric A. and Stern, Carl R.},
+Title = {{General harmonic balance solution of a cracked rotor-bearing-disk system
+ for harmonic and sub-harmonic analysis: Analytical and experimental
+ approach}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{10, SI}},
+Pages = {{921-935}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{The effect of crack depth of a rotor-bearing-disk system on vibration
+ amplitudes and whirl orbit shapes is investigated through a general
+ harmonic balance technique and experimental verification. Two models of
+ the crack, which are the breathing and the open crack models, are
+ considered. Finite element models and general harmonic balance solutions
+ are derived for breathing and open cracks which are valid for damped and
+ undamped rotor systems. It is found via waterfall plots of the system
+ with a breathing crack that there are large vibration amplitudes at
+ critical values of crack depth and rotor speed for a slight unbalance in
+ the system. The high vibration amplitudes at the backward whirl appear
+ at earlier crack depths than those of the forward whirl for both crack
+ models. Resonance peaks at the second, third and fourth subcritical
+ speeds emerge as the crack depth increases. It is shown that the unique
+ signature of orbits for the breathing crack model which have been
+ verified experimentally can be used as an indication of a breathing
+ crack in the shaft. In addition, the veering in the critical frequencies
+ has been noticed in the open crack case. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Butcher, EA (Reprint Author), Management Sci Inc, 6022 Constitut Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA.
+ Stern, Carl R., Management Sci Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA.
+ AL-Shudeifat, Mohammad A.; Butcher, Eric A., New Mexico State Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.05.012}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7225}},
+Keywords = {{Damage detection; Structural health monitoring; Breathing crack model;
+ Cracked rotor; Harmonic balance method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EIGENVALUE LOCI; ROTATING SHAFT; VIBRATIONS; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{shdefat@nmsu.edu
+ eab@nmsu.edu
+ Carl\_Stern@mgtsciences.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{AL-Shudeifat, Mohammad/H-3537-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{AL-Shudeifat, Mohammad/0000-0002-7973-2559}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Eng. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{658HU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000282481900009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000278637300007,
+Author = {Horstemeyer, M. F. and Farkas, D. and Kim, S. and Tang, T. and
+ Potirniche, G.},
+Title = {{Nanostructurally small cracks (NSC): A review on atomistic modeling of
+ fatigue}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1473-1502}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Fatigue is one of the most damaging mechanisms in structural components
+ With the development of structural nanomatenals, it is imperative to
+ investigate the fatigue damage phenomena at the atomic scale To study
+ fatigue behavior at the nanoscale, one must apply non-continuum modeling
+ frameworks, such as molecular statics (MS). molecular dynamics (MD), and
+ Monte Carlo (MC) methods To date, only MD and MS simulations using
+ embedded atom method (EAM) and modified embedded atom method (MEAM)
+ potentials have been conducted, and this paper reviews these simulations
+ of the nanoscale fatigue-crack growth in nickel and copper including
+ single crystals, bicrystals, and polycrystals A nanoscale size middle
+ tension (MT) specimen with the lateral side applied periodic boundary
+ conditions was used to investigate the fatigue behavior in nickel and
+ copper single crystals Simulation results revealed that the cyclic
+ plastic deformation at the crack tip was the main influencing factor for
+ fatigue-crack growth Two main nanoscale mechanisms of crack propagation
+ were observed: ( I) the main cracks linked with the voids nucleated in
+ front of crack tip due to high dislocation density generated by the
+ cyclic loading; and (2) the main cracks broke the atomic bonds in the
+ crack plane without much plasticity. For the bicrystals and
+ polycrystals, the grain boundaries exerted resistance to the crack
+ propagation To study the interactions between cracks and grain
+ boundaries, four cases of grain boundary interfaces for copper and two
+ cases of grain boundaries for nickel were simulated In copper
+ bicrystals, the crack path deviated and moved from one grain to another
+ for high misonentations, while there were voids nucleating at gram
+ boundaries in front of the crack tip that linked back with the main
+ crack Similar to macroscale fatigue, dislocation substructures were
+ observed to develop in the atomic lattice during cyclic loading. In
+ nickel biaystals, for large misonentations, the cracks were stopped by
+ grain boundaries For small `Disorientations, the crack propagated
+ through the grain boundary, but the growth rate was reduced due to the
+ resistance of the grain boundary. Fatigue-crack growth rates for
+ nanocracks were computed and compared with growth rates published in the
+ literature for microstructurally small cracks (micron range) and long
+ cracks (millimeter range) A nanostructurally small crack (NSC) was
+ introduced in terms of the CTOD The quantified NSC growth rates in
+ copper single crystals were very similar with those experimentally
+ measured for small cracks (micron range) and with those at
+ stress-intensity-factor ranges lower than the threshold for long cracks
+ (millimeter range). The atomistic simulations indicated that reversible
+ plastic slip along the active crystallographic directions at the crack
+ tip was responsible for advancing the crack during applied cycling.
+ In the case of single or double plastic slip localization at the crack
+ tip, a typical Model fatigue crack arose along a slip band and then grew
+ into a mixed Mode I + II crack growth mechanism For crystal orientations
+ characterized by multiple slip systems concomitantly active at the crack
+ tip, the crack advance mechanism was characterized by nanovoid
+ nucleation in the high density nucleation region ahead of the crack tip
+ and by linkage with the main crack leading to crack extension To
+ facilitate observations of fatigue-crack growth, the simulation of a
+ copper polycrystal was performed at low temperature 20 K as well The
+ crack propagated along persistent slip bands within the grain The crack
+ propagatedalong grain boundaries when the angle between the direction of
+ crack propagation and the grain boundary was small, while it was impeded
+ by the gram boundary when the angle was large The results obtained for
+ the crack advance as a function of stress intensity amplitude are
+ consistent with experimental studies and a Pans law exponent of
+ approximately two (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Horstemeyer, MF (Reprint Author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
+ Horstemeyer, M. F.; Kim, S.; Tang, T., Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
+ Farkas, D., Virginia Polytech Inst \& State Univ, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
+ Potirniche, G., Univ Idaho, Dept Mech Engn, Moscow, ID USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.01.006}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Embedded atom method; Fatigue; Nanostructurally small crack; Atomistic
+ modeling; Structural nanomaterials}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; EMBEDDED-ATOM
+ POTENTIALS; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARY; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS;
+ MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; LENGTH SCALE; GROWTH; METALS; NANOSCALE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS) at Mississippi State
+ University}},
+Funding-Text = {{MFH, TT, and SK would like to acknowledge the Center for Advanced
+ Vehicular Systems (CAVS) at Mississippi State University for supporting
+ this work.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{81}},
+Times-Cited = {{29}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{74}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{609EF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000278637300007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000277187100006,
+Author = {Lubineau, G.},
+Title = {{A Pyramidal Modeling Scheme for Laminates - Identification of Transverse
+ Cracking}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{19}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{499-518}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Modern approaches to the modeling of composites are no longer limited to
+ the use of a single approach for the whole structure or for all the
+ degradation mechanisms. On the contrary, modern advances enable the
+ definition of truly multiscale models in order to describe the
+ degradation. Thus, homogenized models can be rigorously deduced from the
+ underlying micromechanics. In the past few years, LMT-Cachan has made a
+ number of contributions to the three key points of these multiscale
+ approaches: (1) the improvement of the reference model on the fine
+ scale, (2) the definition of a controlled correspondence between the
+ scales, and (3) the definition of the associated homogenized model.
+ Here, the complete approach is formalized as a modeling pyramid. Each
+ mechanism of degradation is described on the more relevant scale within
+ an `hybrid micromechanical model'. Based on the reference modeling,
+ constitutive laws can be transfered within the unique framework of
+ damage mechanics for being applied within commercial softwares. As an
+ illustration, we focus more specifically on the homogenized law obtained
+ for transverse cracking. The constitutive law and the material
+ parameters issued from the homogenization, which define the model on the
+ higher scale, are reviewed. Their identification is studied in detail.
+ An important key point of the pyramidal approach appears here. Since it
+ allows the interpretation of every quantity on different scales (both at
+ the micromechanical and at the mesomechanical scales), the most relevant
+ scale can be used for the identification of a chosen property. We limit
+ ourselves to a `classical' identification. We mean by classical
+ identification a procedure based on straight specimens. This process, to
+ a certain extent, uses a parametric simulation of the nonlinear model
+ based on a finite element representation of the test samples. The
+ complete model is then used for the simulation of an industrial sample
+ with hole. That example emphasizes the interest of underlying
+ micromechanial variables for experimental validation.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lubineau, G (Reprint Author), Univ Paris 06, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan, CNRS, 61 Ave President Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ Univ Paris 06, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan, CNRS, F-94235 Cachan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1056789509102725}},
+ISSN = {{1056-7895}},
+Keywords = {{laminates; transverse cracking; multiscale modeling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE MESOMODEL; COMPOSITES; MICROMECHANICS; MICRO; ILLUSTRATIONS;
+ INITIATION; PLY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{lubineau@lmt.ens-cachan.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{29}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Damage Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{589XI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000277187100006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000282856200017,
+Author = {Miehe, C. and Welschinger, F. and Hofacker, M.},
+Title = {{A phase field model of electromechanical fracture}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{58}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1716-1740}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Structural reliability analyses of piezoelectric solids need the
+ modeling of failure under coupled electromechanical actions. However,
+ the numerical simulation of failure due to fracture based on sharp crack
+ discontinuities may suffer in situations with complex crack topologies.
+ This can be overcome by a diffusive crack modeling based on the
+ introduction of a crack phase field. In this work, we develop a
+ framework of diffusive fracture in piezoelectric solids. We start our
+ investigation with the definition of a crack surface functional of the
+ phase field that 1 converges for vanishing length-scale parameter to a
+ sharp crack topology. This functional provides the basis for the
+ definition of suitable dissipation functions which govern the evolution
+ of the crack phase field. Based on experimental results available in the
+ literature, we suggest a non-associative dissipative framework where the
+ fracture phase field is driven by the mechanical part of the coupled
+ electromechanical driving force. This accounts for a hierarchical view
+ that considers (i) the decrease of stiffness due to mechanical rupture
+ as the primary action that is followed by (ii) the decrease of electric
+ permittivity due to the generated free space. The proposed definition of
+ mechanical and electrical parts of the fracture driving force follows in
+ a natural format from a kinematic assumption, that decomposes the total
+ strains and the total electric field into energy-enthalpy-producing
+ parts and fracture parts, respectively. Such an approach allows the
+ insertion of well-known anisotropic piezoelectric storage functions
+ without change. We end up with a three-field-problem that couples the
+ displacement with the electric potential and the fracture phase field.
+ The latter is governed by a micro-balance equation, which appears in a
+ very transparent form in terms of a history field containing a maximum
+ fracture source obtained in the time history of the electromechanical
+ process. This representation allows the construction of a very robust
+ algorithmic treatment based on a operator split scheme, which
+ successively updates in a typical time step the history field, the crack
+ phase field and finally the two piezoelectric fields. The proposed model
+ is considered to be the canonically simple scheme for the simulation of
+ diffusive electromechanical crack propagation in solids. We demonstrate
+ its modeling capacity by means of representative numerical examples. (C)
+ 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Miehe, C (Reprint Author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Appl Mech CE Chair 1, Pfaffenwaldring 7, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
+ Miehe, C.; Welschinger, F.; Hofacker, M., Univ Stuttgart, Inst Appl Mech CE Chair 1, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2010.06.013}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{Electromechanics; Piezoelectricity; Fracture; Phase fields; Gradient
+ damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BRITTLE CRACK-PROPAGATION; PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS; MECHANICS; DAMAGE;
+ FORCE; APPROXIMATION; COMPUTATION; ALGORITHMS; GRADIENT; CRITERIA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{cm@mechbau.uni-stuttgart.de}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{German Research Foundation (DFG) {[}Mi 295/11-2]; Cluster of Excellence
+ Exc 310 Simulation Technology at the University of Stuttgart}},
+Funding-Text = {{Support for this research was provided by the German Research Foundation
+ (DFG) under Grant Mi 295/11-2 and the Cluster of Excellence Exc 310
+ Simulation Technology at the University of Stuttgart.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{663AU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000282856200017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000283914300011,
+Author = {Yatomi, M. and Tabuchi, M.},
+Title = {{Issues relating to numerical modelling of creep crack growth}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{77}},
+Number = {{15, SI}},
+Pages = {{3043-3052}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper creep crack growth behaviour of P92 welds at 923 K are
+ presented. Creep crack growth behaviour for P92 welds are discussed with
+ C{*} parameter. Creep crack growth behaviour of P92 welds has been
+ compared with that of P91 welds with C{*} parameter. NSW and NSW-MOD
+ model were compared with the experimental creep crack growth data. Plane
+ strain NSW model significantly overestimates the crack growth rate, and
+ plane stress NSW model underestimates it. Whilst, NSW-MOD model for
+ plane stress and plane strain conditions gives lower and upper bound of
+ the experimental data, respectively.
+ FE analysis of creep crack growth has been conducted. Constrain effect
+ for welded joints has been examined with C{*} line integrals of C(T)
+ specimens. As a result, constant C{*} value using the material data of
+ welded joint gives 10 times lower than that of only HAZ property.
+ Whilst, the predicted CCG rates for welded joint are 10 times higher
+ than those for only HAZ properties. Compared with predicted CCG rate
+ from FE analysis and the experimental CCG rate, it can be suggested that
+ creep crack growth tests for lower load level or for large specimen
+ should be conducted, otherwise the experimental data should give
+ unconservative estimation for components operated in long years. (C)
+ 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yatomi, M (Reprint Author), IHI Corp, Res Lab, Isogo Ku, 1 Shin Nakahara Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2358501, Japan.
+ Yatomi, M., IHI Corp, Res Lab, Isogo Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2358501, Japan.
+ Tabuchi, M., Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.04.024}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{Creep; Crack growth; FEM; Elevated temperature; C{*}; Prediction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE; STEEL; PREDICTION; INITIATION; RUPTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{masataka\_yatomi@ihi.co.jp}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{6}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{676LY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000283914300011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000271709700014,
+Author = {Adden, Stephan and Horst, Peter},
+Title = {{Stiffness degradation under fatigue in multiaxially loaded
+ non-crimped-fabrics}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{108-122}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper results on fatigue of non-crimp-fabrics are presented.
+ After a short introduction to non-crimped-fabrics experimental results
+ of biaxially loaded GFRP tube specimens are presented. An analytical
+ engineering approach for the stiffness degradation of fatigue loaded
+ laminates under arbitrary loads is shown. This approach is based on the
+ classical laminate theory and calculations of cracked representative
+ volume elements, in order to describe the influence of cracks on
+ laminates under different conditions. The application of the model is
+ shown and results are compared with the experimental results. (C) 2009
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Horst, P (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Aircraft Design \& Lightweight Struct, Hermann Blenk Str 35, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
+ Adden, Stephan; Horst, Peter, Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Aircraft Design \& Lightweight Struct, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.02.002}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Composite fatigue; Glass-fibre; Experiments; Fea; Biaxiality}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED EPOXY; COMPOSITES; GLASS; DAMAGE; CRACKING; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{p.horst@tu-braunschweig.de}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{German Research Foundation (DFG)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors wish to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for
+ funding this research within the Focus Project SPP1123 ``Textile
+ Composites{''}.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{518RB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000271709700014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000273435000010,
+Author = {Johannesson, Bjorn},
+Title = {{Dimensional and ice content changes of hardened concrete at different
+ freezing and thawing temperatures}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{73-83}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Samples of concrete at different water-to-cement ratios and air contents
+ subjected to freeze/thaw cycles with the lowest temperature at about -80
+ degrees C are investigated. By adopting a novel technique, a scanning
+ calorimeter is used to obtain data from which the ice contents at
+ different freeze temperatures can be calculated. The length change
+ caused by temperature and ice content changes during test is measured by
+ a separate experiment using the same types of freeze-thaw cycles as in
+ the calorimetric tests. In this way it was possible to compare the
+ amount of formed ice at different temperatures and the corresponding
+ measured length changes. The development of cracks in the material
+ structure was indicated by an ultra-sonic technique by measuring on the
+ samples before and after the freeze-thaw tests. Further the air void
+ structure was investigated using a microscopic technique in which
+ air'bubble' size distributions and the so-called spacing factor,
+ indicating the mean distance between air bubbles, were measured. By
+ analyzing the experimental result, it is concluded that damages occur in
+ the temperature range of about -10 degrees C to -55 degrees C, when the
+ air content is lower than about 4\% of the total volume. For a totally
+ water-saturated concrete, damages always occur independently of the use
+ of entrained air or low water-to-cement ratios. It is, further,
+ concluded that the length changes of these samples correspond to the
+ Calculated ice contents at different temperatures in a linear fashion. @
+ 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Johannesson, B (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, Bldg 118, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.09.001}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+Keywords = {{Frost damages; Freezing; Thawing; Durability; Ice content; Scanning
+ calorimeter}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{bjo@byg.dtu.dk}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Swedish organization SBUF (Svenska Byggbranchens Utvecklingsfond);
+ SKANSKA}},
+Funding-Text = {{The Swedish organization SBUF (Svenska Byggbranchens Utvecklingsfond)
+ and SKANSKA is kindly acknowledged for sponsoring parts of the presented
+ research work.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{541QX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000273435000010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000284299700007,
+Author = {May, Michael and Hallett, Stephen R.},
+Title = {{A combined model for initiation and propagation of damage under fatigue
+ loading for cohesive interface elements}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1787-1796}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{A model for the simulation of damage initiation and subsequent
+ propagation under cyclic loading is proposed The basis for the
+ formulation is a cohesive law that combines phenomenological SN-curves
+ for damage initiation with a fracture and damage mechanics approach for
+ crack propagation The evolution of the damage variable is expressed as a
+ function of fatigue cycles The model is independently calibrated for
+ mode I and mode II loading using SN-curves and Paris-law coefficients
+ obtained from simple coupon tests The model was applied to three
+ initiation-driven cases Bending of 90 degrees laminates the Short Beam
+ Shear test and the Double Notched Shear test The predictions for the
+ first two cases showed an excellent correlation with experimental data
+ Some modifications to the model were required when applying it to the
+ Double Notched Shear test (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hallett, SR (Reprint Author), Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Queens Bldg,Univ Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ May, Michael; Hallett, Stephen R., Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.08.015}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{Delamination; Fatigue; Computational modelling; Cohesive elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; LAP BONDED JOINTS; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS;
+ NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DELAMINATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Great Western Research Rolls-Royce Plc; Agusta Westland}},
+Funding-Text = {{This project has been funded by Great Western Research Rolls-Royce Plc
+ and Agusta Westland}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{681GP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000284299700007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000276736200006,
+Author = {Baumert, E. K. and Theillet, P-O and Pierron, O. N.},
+Title = {{Investigation of the low-cycle fatigue mechanism for micron-scale
+ monocrystalline silicon films}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{58}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{2854-2863}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{This study investigated the cyclic and static fatigue properties of 10
+ mu m thick, deep reactive ion etched, monocrystalline silicon films
+ Stress life fatigue curves and fatigue degradation rates vs stress
+ curves were generated at both 4 and 40 kHz, at 30 degrees C, 50\%
+ relative humidity (RH) A significant frequency effect was observed, with
+ shorter fanatic lives and faster damage accumulation rates at 4 kHz
+ Static fatigue was also observed with shorter static lifetimes at 80
+ degrees C, 90\% RH than at 30 degrees C, 50\% RH Fracture surface
+ evaluation did not reveal any major difference between cyclically and
+ statically fatigued devices These experimental results confirm that the
+ fatigue of micron-scale silicon is not purely mechanical The study also
+ proposes a fatigue scenario based on time-dependent subcritical crack
+ growth to account for the low-cycle fatigue regime (C) 2010 Acta
+ Materialia Inc Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pierron, ON (Reprint Author), Georgia Inst Technol, G W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Baumert, E. K.; Theillet, P-O; Pierron, O. N., Georgia Inst Technol, G W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.011}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue; Monocrystalline silicon; Thin film; Static fatigue; Frequency
+ effects}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; STRESS-CORROSION
+ CRACKING; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; STRUCTURAL FILMS; THIN-FILMS;
+ FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; POLYSILICON MEMS; FAILURE; SPECIMENS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pierron, Olivier/A-3474-2011}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{584FK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000276736200006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000275800400005,
+Author = {Ogi, Keiji and Okabe, Tomonaga and Takahashi, Manabu and Yashiro,
+ Shigeki and Yoshimura, Akinori and Ogasawara, Toshio},
+Title = {{Experimental characterization of high-speed impact damage behavior in a
+ three-dimensionally woven SiC/SiC composite}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{489-498}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper discusses high-speed Impact damage in a three-dimensionally
+ woven SiC/SiC composite (3D-CMC) The impact damage was introduced by a
+ steel ball projectile in 3D-CMC plates with and without thermal exposure
+ The surface and internal damages were observed by optical microscopy and
+ X-ray CT A crater was observed on the collision surface. The X-ray CT
+ measurement revealed that multiple pyramid-shaped cone cracks were
+ generated beneath the crater when the impact speed was relatively low At
+ an impact speed exceeding the critical speed, a spall fragment was
+ ejected from the back surface, while no internal damage was observed in
+ the fragment The spall fracture mode differed between the virgin and the
+ thermally-exposed specimens This difference is the result of
+ embrittlement of the fiber/matrix interface clue to oxidation of the
+ carbon coating layer in the thermally-exposed specimen In addition, it
+ is found that z-yarns improve impact resistance by constraining
+ delamination (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ogi, K (Reprint Author), Ehime Univ, 3 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan.
+ Ogi, Keiji; Takahashi, Manabu; Yashiro, Shigeki, Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan.
+ Okabe, Tomonaga, Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
+ Yoshimura, Akinori; Ogasawara, Toshio, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.12.005}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Impact behavior; Radiography}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES;
+ RESISTANCE; CRACKING; FATIGUE; AIR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ogasawara, Toshio/O-1238-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ogasawara, Toshio/0000-0003-1074-0427}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan {[}18360406,
+ 20760071, 21360417]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to express appreciation to Mr Terutake Matsubara
+ of Kyushu University, Japan, for his technical support in the
+ experiment. This research was supported by Grants-in-Aid (Nos. 18360406,
+ 20760071 and 21360417) for Scientific Research of the Ministry of
+ Education. Science. Sports and Culture of Japan.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{20}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{572BE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000275800400005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000277215100006,
+Author = {Richard, Benjamin and Ragueneau, Frederic and Cremona, Christian and
+ Adelaide, Lucas and Tailhan, Jean Louis},
+Title = {{A three-dimensional steel/concrete interface model including corrosion
+ effects}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{77}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{951-973}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a new constitutive law for modelling the
+ steel/concrete interface by including main corrosion effects. A
+ three-dimensional formulation has been proposed based on continuum
+ damage mechanics. The theoretical framework of the thermodynamics of
+ irreversible processes has been applied in order to guarantee the
+ respect of both conservation and evolution principles. Results are
+ presented in order to point out the main features of the proposed model.
+ The identification of material parameters, one of the major points when
+ invoking this model, is detailed. In order to show its efficiency,
+ pull-out tests with and without the presence of corrosion have been
+ simulated. The effects of corrosion on failure loads are clearly in
+ accordance with experimental results. A qualitative comparison between
+ the damage pattern and the experimental crack path due to corrosion is
+ also included in the paper. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cremona, C (Reprint Author), Minist Ecol Energy Sustainable Dev \& Cty \& Town P, Directorate Res \& Innovat, F-92055 Tour Voltaire, La Defense, France.
+ Cremona, Christian, Minist Ecol Energy Sustainable Dev \& Cty \& Town P, Directorate Res \& Innovat, F-92055 Tour Voltaire, La Defense, France.
+ Richard, Benjamin; Adelaide, Lucas; Tailhan, Jean Louis, Univ Paris Est, Lab Cent Ponts \& Chaussees, F-75732 Paris, France.
+ Ragueneau, Frederic, ENS Cachan, F-94230 Cachan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.01.017}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{Reinforce concrete; Corrosion; Steel/concrete interface; Damage
+ mechanics; Finite elements method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED-CONCRETE STRUCTURES; COVER CRACKING; REBAR CORROSION; RC
+ STRUCTURES; BOND; ELEMENT; BARS; BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS; FRICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Christian.Cremona@developpement-durable.gouv.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{54}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{590HD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000277215100006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000284011300003,
+Author = {An, Yun-Kyu and Sohn, Hoon},
+Title = {{Instantaneous crack detection under varying temperature and static
+ loading conditions}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL CONTROL \& HEALTH MONITORING}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{17}},
+Number = {{7, SI}},
+Pages = {{730-741}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{On the basis of guided wave propagation in plate-like structures, the
+ authors' group previously developed a reference-free crack detection
+ technique. The previous technique requires the placement of two pairs of
+ collocated lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers on the top and
+ bottom surfaces of a structure. However, as access to both surfaces can
+ be limited for some structural systems, such as aircraft and pipelines,
+ an improved reference-free crack detection technique is developed in
+ this study to overcome this limitation. The major advancements of the
+ proposed reference-free technique over the previous one are (1)
+ reformulation of the reference-free technique considering energy
+ distribution among Lamb wave modes to overcome the limitations of the
+ previous time domain approach, (2) extension to allow the use of various
+ input waveforms including broadband chirp signals and narrowband
+ toneburst signals, and (3) newly designed PZT transducers for single
+ surface installation and better ruggedness. Numerical simulations and
+ experimental tests on aluminum plates are performed to investigate the
+ performance of the proposed technique. In particular, its robustness to
+ varying temperature and external loading is experimentally tested.
+ Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{JOHN WILEY \& SONS LTD}},
+Address = {{THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sohn, H (Reprint Author), Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
+ An, Yun-Kyu; Sohn, Hoon, Korea Adv Inst Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/stc.394}},
+ISSN = {{1545-2255}},
+Keywords = {{guided wave propagation; structural health monitoring; reference-free
+ crack detection; instantaneous damage diagnosis; loading and temperature
+ variations}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INSPECTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Instruments \&
+ Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Instruments \&
+ Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{hoonsohn@kaist.ac.kr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008
+ An, Yun-Kyu/B-4934-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{An, Yun-Kyu/0000-0003-3852-9025}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Education, Science \& Technology (MEST)
+ {[}M20703000015-07N0300-01510, 2009-0083489]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is supported by the Radiation Technology Program
+ (M20703000015-07N0300-01510) and the Nuclear Research \& Development
+ Program (2009-0083489) of National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
+ funded by Ministry of Education, Science \& Technology (MEST). Any
+ opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this
+ material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the
+ views of the funding agencies.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{16}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Control. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{677SE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000284011300003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000280610200009,
+Author = {Hu, D. W. and Zhou, H. and Zhang, F. and Shao, J. F.},
+Title = {{Evolution of poroelastic properties and permeability in damaged
+ sandstone}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{962-973}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{This paper is devoted to experimental investigation of mechanical
+ behavior, poroelastic properties and permeability in saturateds and
+ stone. The emphasis is to study the evolution of Biot's coefficients and
+ permeability with the growth of microcracks. Basic mechanical responses
+ are first investigated through triaxial compression tests, showing
+ nonlinear stress-strain relations, volumetric dilatancy, pressure
+ sensitivity, elastic modulus degradation and induced anisotropy.
+ Original tests are then performed for the determination of Biot's
+ coefficients in the axial and radial directions at different levels of
+ stress. It is shown that the evolution of Biot's coefficient is clearly
+ anisotropic in nature due to the oriented closure of initial microcracks
+ and growth of induced microcracks. The rock permeability in axial
+ direction is also measured for different values of stress; it decreases
+ in the first stage with the closure of microcracks and then
+ progressively increases due to the opening of induced microcracks.
+ However, the permeability significantly increases only when the
+ coalescence of microcracks occurs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shao, JF (Reprint Author), Univ Lille, LML, UMR8107, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Hu, D. W.; Zhang, F.; Shao, J. F., Univ Lille, LML, UMR8107, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Hu, D. W.; Zhou, H., Chinese Acad Sci, IRSM, Wuhan, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.06.007}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+Keywords = {{Poroelasticity; Damage; Permeability; Microcrack; Sandstone; Porous
+ media}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELASTIC-WAVE VELOCITIES; EFFECTIVE STRESS LAW; ANISOTROPIC
+ POROELASTICITY; MATERIAL COEFFICIENTS; CRACKED ROCKS; BRITTLE ROCKS;
+ PORE PRESSURE; LOW-POROSITY; GRANITE; DEFORMATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{Jianfu.shao@univ-lille1.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSFC {[}50920105908]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study is partially supported by a NSFC international cooperation
+ project through the Grant no. 50920105908.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{634UD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000280610200009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000282024900003,
+Author = {Lin, Gang and Liu, Yinghua and Xiang, Zhihai},
+Title = {{Numerical modeling for predicting service life of reinforced concrete
+ structures exposed to chloride environments}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2010}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{571-579}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Degradation of reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to chloride
+ penetration followed by reinforcement corrosion has been a serious
+ problem in civil engineering for many years. In the present paper, a
+ systematic and robust model for predicting service life of RC structures
+ is developed which takes environmental humidity and temperature
+ fluctuations, chloride binding, diffusion and convection, as well as the
+ decay of structural performance into account. The interactions between
+ the decay of structural performance, heat and moisture transfer are
+ considered in a coupled thermal-hygro-mechanical model. The governing
+ equations of heat, moisture and chloride transport into nonsaturated
+ concrete are described particularly and solved numerically by finite
+ element analysis in space and time domains. Comparisons of numerical
+ results with analytical solutions and experimental observations are
+ conducted to establish the validity of the proposed numerical model.
+ Applications of the numerical model are demonstrated by predicting
+ service life of a RC slab exposed to a chloride environment. (c) 2010
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Liu, YH (Reprint Author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, AML, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
+ Lin, Gang; Liu, Yinghua; Xiang, Zhihai, Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, AML, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.07.012}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+Keywords = {{Service life prediction; Nonsaturated concrete; Chloride environment;
+ Diffusion-convection analysis; Thermal-hygro-mechanical model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS; COUPLED HEAT-TRANSFER; MOISTURE TRANSPORT; PLAIN
+ CONCRETE; DAMAGE MODEL; DIFFUSION; PENETRATION; CARBONATION; CRACKING;
+ WATER}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{yhliu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China {[}20060885]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was a part of a project on service life modeling of concrete
+ structures, which was funded by the Ministry of Transport of the
+ People's Republic of China (No. 20060885). The authors are grateful for
+ this financial support.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{652QM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000282024900003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2011.bib b/data/WoS_export/2011.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9f1dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2011.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3329 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000292632200003,
+Author = {Rekow, E. D. and Silva, N. R. F. A. and Coelho, P. G. and Zhang, Y. and
+ Guess, P. and Thompson, V. P.},
+Title = {{Performance of Dental Ceramics: Challenges for Improvements}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{90}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{937-952}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The clinical success of modern dental ceramics depends on an array of
+ factors, ranging from initial physical properties of the material
+ itself, to the fabrication and clinical procedures that inevitably
+ damage these brittle materials, and the oral environment. Understanding
+ the influence of these factors on clinical performance has engaged the
+ dental, ceramics, and engineering communities alike. The objective of
+ this review is to first summarize clinical, experimental, and analytic
+ results reported in the recent literature. Additionally, it seeks to
+ address how this new information adds insight into predictive test
+ procedures and reveals challenges for future improvements.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC}},
+Address = {{2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Rekow, ED (Reprint Author), NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Prosthodont, 70 Washington Sq S,Room 1238, New York, NY 10012 USA.
+ Rekow, E. D.; Silva, N. R. F. A., NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Prosthodont, New York, NY 10012 USA.
+ Coelho, P. G.; Zhang, Y.; Thompson, V. P., NYU, Coll Dent, Dept Biomat \& Biomimet, New York, NY 10012 USA.
+ Guess, P., Univ Freiburg, Dept Prosthodont, Freiburg, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/0022034510391795}},
+ISSN = {{0022-0345}},
+Keywords = {{dental ceramics; clinical success; fracture modes; testing protocols}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; SUBCRITICAL
+ CRACK-GROWTH; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; LEAST 3 YEARS;
+ FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; VENEERING CERAMICS; FAILURE ANALYSIS; STABILIZED
+ ZIRCONIA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Author-Email = {{Dianne.rekow@nyu.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Thompson, Van P/0000-0003-0033-0344}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIH/NIDCR {[}P01 DEO 10976, RO1 DE017925]; NSF/CMMI {[}0758530]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This review represents an extensive work developed and still in
+ development supported by NIH/NIDCR P01 DEO 10976, RO1 DE017925, NSF/CMMI
+ 0758530, and collaborators from private sectors, including 3M-ESPE,
+ VITA, Nobel Biocare, Ivoclar-Vivadent, Dentsply, Jensen Industries,
+ Kenneth Malament, and Marotta Dental Studios.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{120}},
+Times-Cited = {{90}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Dent. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{791AM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000292632200003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000285893300085,
+Author = {You, Zhanping and Mills-Beale, Julian and Foley, Justin M. and Roy,
+ Samit and Odegard, Gregory M. and Dai, Qingli and Goh, Shu Wei},
+Title = {{Nanoclay-modified asphalt materials: Preparation and characterization}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{25}},
+Number = {{2, SI}},
+Pages = {{1072-1078}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{The objective of this study is to review existing literature in the area
+ of nano-modification of asphalt and proceed to apply nano-materials to
+ asphalt to improve the performance. This study integrates literature
+ review, preparation, and characterization of nano-modified asphalt
+ materials. In the experimental testing montmorillonite, nanoclay at 2\%
+ and 4\% by weight of asphalt was blended in asphalt binder at a high
+ temperature to exfoliate the nanoclay within the asphalt. The asphalt
+ binder was then characterized using the Superpave (TM) rotational
+ viscosity, dynamic shear modulus, and direct tension test. The
+ rotational viscosity results indicate that the addition of the two types
+ of nanoclay, Nanoclay A and Nanoclay 8, increased the rotational
+ viscosity by an average of 41\% and 112\%, respectively, across test
+ temperatures 80, 100, 130, 135, 150 and 175 degrees C. It was found that
+ the dynamic shear complex modulus (G{*}) value increases significantly
+ across a range of testing temperatures (from 13 to 70 degrees C) and
+ loading frequencies (0.01-25 Hz). With 2\% Nanoclay A reinforcement in
+ the asphalt binder, the complex shear moduli generally increased by 66\%
+ while the 4\% Nanoclay A reinforcement in the asphalt binder generally
+ increased the shear complex moduli by 125\%. The 2\% and 4\% Nanoclay B
+ increased the shear complex moduli by 184\% and 196\%, respectively. In
+ terms of direct tension strength, the use of Nanoclay A and Nanoclay B
+ reduced the strain failure rate of the original binder while the secant
+ or direct tension moduli showed increase with the addition of the
+ nanoclays. In furtherance of this research, nanoclay-modified asphalt is
+ being tested at percentages higher than 4\% to underscore the fact that
+ nanoclays may have the potential to reduce rutting and cracking. (C)
+ 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{You, ZP (Reprint Author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
+ You, Zhanping; Mills-Beale, Julian; Foley, Justin M.; Dai, Qingli; Goh, Shu Wei, Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
+ Roy, Samit, Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn \& Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
+ Odegard, Gregory M.; Dai, Qingli, Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.070}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{Nanoclay; Modified asphalt; Nano-modification; Nano-materials;
+ Characterization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REACTIVE POLYMER MODIFIERS; PULTRUDED NANOCOMPOSITE;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MONTMORILLONITE; MANUFACTURE; MITIGATION;
+ PARTICLES; CONCRETE; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{zyou@mtu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{You, Zhanping/P-4406-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{You, Zhanping/0000-0002-9103-6599
+ Odegard, Gregory/0000-0001-7577-6565}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{State of Michigan - Research Excellence Funds}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research could not have been completed without the significant
+ contributions of former undergraduate research assistant Kari Klaboe in
+ the experimental testing. The research work was partially sponsored by
+ the State of Michigan - Research Excellence Funds. The experimental work
+ was completed in the Transportation Materials Research Center at
+ Michigan Technological University, which maintains the AASHTO Materials
+ Reference Laboratory (AMRL) accreditation on asphalt and asphalt
+ mixtures.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{82}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{80}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{702KN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000285893300085}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000292797200008,
+Author = {Heap, M. J. and Baud, P. and Meredith, P. G. and Vinciguerra, S. and
+ Bell, A. F. and Main, I. G.},
+Title = {{Brittle creep in basalt and its application to time-dependent volcano
+ deformation}},
+Journal = {{EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{307}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{71-82}},
+Month = {{JUL 1}},
+Abstract = {{Time-dependent brittle deformation is a fundamental and pervasive
+ process operating in the Earth's upper crust. Its characterization is a
+ pre-requisite to understanding and unraveling the complexities of
+ crustal evolution and dynamics. The preferential chemical interaction
+ between pore fluids and strained atomic bonds at crack tips, a mechanism
+ known as stress corrosion, allows rock to fail under a constant stress
+ that is well below its short-term strength over an extended period of
+ time: a process known as brittle creep. Here we present the first
+ experimental measurements of brittle creep in a basic igneous rock (a
+ basalt from Mt. Etna volcano) under triaxial stress conditions. Results
+ from conventional creep experiments show that creep strain rates are
+ highly dependent on the level of applied stress (and can be equally well
+ fit by a power law or an exponential law): with a 20\% increase in
+ stress producing close to three orders of magnitude increase in creep
+ strain rate. Results from stress-stepping creep experiments show that
+ creep strain rates are also influenced by the imposed effective
+ confining pressure. We show that only part of this change can be
+ attributed to the purely mechanical influence of an increase in
+ effective pressure, with the remainder interpreted as due to a reduction
+ in stress corrosion reactions; the result of a reduction in crack
+ aperture that restricts the rate of transport of reactive species to
+ crack tips. Overall, our results also suggest that a critical level of
+ crack damage is required before the deformation starts to accelerate to
+ failure, regardless of the level of applied stress and the time taken to
+ reach this point. The experimental results are discussed in terms of
+ microstructural observations and fits to a macroscopic creep law, and
+ compared with the observed deformation history at Mt. Etna volcano. (c)
+ 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Heap, MJ (Reprint Author), Univ Strasbourg EOST, CNRS, UMR 7516, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg,Lab Geophys Expt, 5 Rue Rene Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
+ Heap, M. J.; Baud, P., Univ Strasbourg EOST, CNRS, UMR 7516, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg,Lab Geophys Expt, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
+ Heap, M. J.; Meredith, P. G., UCL, Dept Earth Sci, RIPL, London WC1E 6BT, England.
+ Vinciguerra, S., Ist Nazl Geofis \& Vulcanol, Sez Roma1, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
+ Bell, A. F.; Main, I. G., Univ Edinburgh, Grant Inst, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.035}},
+ISSN = {{0012-821X}},
+Keywords = {{stress corrosion; brittle creep; triaxial; basalt; Mt. Etna;
+ time-dependent deformation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; MT. ETNA VOLCANO; STRESS-CORROSION; WESTERLY
+ GRANITE; STATIC FATIGUE; MOUNT-ETNA; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; STRAIN RATES;
+ CONFINING PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE CREEP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{mheap@ucl.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Heap, Michael/C-7215-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Meredith, Philip/0000-0003-2193-5342}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NERC {[}NER/S/A2005/13553]; EU; Royal Society/CNRS}},
+Funding-Text = {{We gratefully acknowledge Neil Hughes, Steve Boon and John Bowles for
+ their assistance and support during experimentation and Simon Hunt for
+ preparing the `bathtub' curve. M. Heap was funded by NERC studentship
+ NER/S/A2005/13553 and A. Bell by the EU `NERIES' project. The Galilee
+ program 2008/2009 is thanked for supporting collaborative work of P.
+ Baud and S. Vinciguerra. This work was also partly funded by a Royal
+ Society/CNRS International Joint Project award. We gratefully
+ acknowledge the constructive comments of Yanick Ricard, Fernando Ornelas
+ Marques and one anonymous reviewer. The authors would also like to thank
+ Skype.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{89}},
+Times-Cited = {{66}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{793CE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000292797200008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000294396200015,
+Author = {Escobar, D. Perez and Minambres, C. and Duprez, L. and Verbeken, K. and
+ Verhaege, M.},
+Title = {{Internal and surface damage of multiphase steels and pure iron after
+ electrochemical hydrogen charging}},
+Journal = {{CORROSION SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{53}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{3166-3176}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{High strength steels appear to be even more prone to hydrogen
+ embrittlement (HE). In this work, pure iron and a ferrite-bainite steel
+ were charged electrochemically using various electrolytes and
+ combinations of current density and charging time to identify the
+ experimental conditions where blister formation occurred. The appearance
+ and propagation of cracks inside the sample were studied also by means
+ of high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The study was repeated
+ for a dual phase (DP) steel; a TRIP steel and a high strength low alloy
+ (HSLA), which allowed to get an indication on the effect of variable
+ microstructural characteristics. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Escobar, DP (Reprint Author), Ghent Univ UGent, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Technol Pk 903, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Escobar, D. Perez; Minambres, C.; Verbeken, K.; Verhaege, M., Ghent Univ UGent, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Duprez, L., ArcelorMittal Res Ind Gent, B-9060 Zelzate, Belgium.
+ Verbeken, K., Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.corsci.2011.05.060}},
+ISSN = {{0010-938X}},
+Keywords = {{Iron; Steel; SEM; Hydrogen embrittlement; Segregation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; INDUCED BLISTER
+ CRACKING; PIPELINE STEELS; EMBRITTLEMENT; ABSORPTION; MECHANISM;
+ ALUMINUM; NUCLEATION; INCLUSIONS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{Diana.perezescobar@ugent.be
+ cristina.mi-nambres@hotmail.com
+ lode.duprez@arcelormittal.com
+ kim.verbeken@ugent.be
+ marc.verhaege@ugent.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Perez Escobar, Diana/E-2057-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Perez Escobar, Diana/0000-0003-2107-364X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{(BOF), Ghent University {[}B0F10/ZAP/121]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors wish to thank the Special Research Fund (BOF), Ghent
+ University, for financial support (B0F10/ZAP/121). The authors also
+ acknowledge the technicians and staff working at the hydrogen laboratory
+ at OCAS (ArcelorMittal) and the technical staff from the Department
+ Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, for their help with
+ the experiments and sample preparation.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{60}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Corrosion Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{813UR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000294396200015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000287116400013,
+Author = {Scheyvaerts, F. and Onck, P. R. and Tekoglu, C. and Pardoen, T.},
+Title = {{The growth and coalescence of ellipsoidal voids in plane strain under
+ combined shear and tension}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{373-397}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{New extensions of a model for the growth and coalescence of ellipsoidal
+ voids based on the Gurson formalism are proposed in order to treat
+ problems involving shear and/or voids axis not necessarily aligned with
+ the main loading direction, under plane strain loading conditions. These
+ extensions are motivated and validated using 3D finite element void cell
+ calculations with overall plane strain enforced in one direction. The
+ starting point is the Gologanu model dealing with spheroidal void shape.
+ A void rotation law based on homogenization theory is coupled to this
+ damage model. The predictions of the model closely agree with the 3D
+ cell calculations, capturing the effect of the initial void shape and
+ orientation on the void rotation rate. An empirical correction is also
+ introduced for the change of the void aspect ratio in the plane
+ transverse to the main axis of the void departing from its initially
+ circular shape. This correction is needed for an accurate prediction of
+ the onset of coalescence. Next, a new approach is proposed to take
+ strain hardening into account within the Thomason criterion for internal
+ necking, avoiding the use of strain hardening-dependent fitting
+ parameters. The coalescence criterion is generalized to any possible
+ direction of the coalescence plane and void orientation. Finally, the
+ model is supplemented by a mathematical description of the final drop of
+ the stress carrying capacity during coalescence. The entire model is
+ developed for plane strain conditions, setting the path to a 3D
+ extension. After validation of the model, a parametric study addresses
+ the effect of shear on the ductility of metallic alloys for a range of
+ microstructural and flow parameters, under different stress states. In
+ general, the presence of shear, for identical stress triaxiality,
+ decreases the ductility, partly explaining recent experimental results
+ obtained in the low stress triaxiality regime. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pardoen, T (Reprint Author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Mech Mat \& Civil Engn, Pl St Barbe 2, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Scheyvaerts, F.; Tekoglu, C.; Pardoen, T., Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Mech Mat \& Civil Engn, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Scheyvaerts, F.; Onck, P. R., Univ Groningen, Zernike Inst Adv Mat, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2010.10.003}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4782}},
+Keywords = {{Ductility; Fracture mechanisms; Voids and inclusions; Constitutive
+ behaviour; Shear}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DUCTILE CRACK-GROWTH; GURSON-TYPE MODEL; NONSPHERICAL VOIDS;
+ GRAIN-BOUNDARY; CONSTITUTIVE MODELS; APPROXIMATE MODELS; DAMAGE
+ DEVELOPMENT; FLOW LOCALIZATION; YIELD CRITERION; METALLIC ALLOYS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{thomas.pardoen@uclouvain.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Tekoglu, Cihan/F-4797-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Tekoglu, Cihan/0000-0001-7383-3909}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Walloon Region (DGTRE); Fonds Social Europeen
+ {[}EPH3310300R0302/215284]; CISM (Institut de calcul intensif et de
+ stockage de masse) of UCL; Belgian Science Policy {[}P6/24]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Fruitful discussions about the present study with J.-B. Leblond and G.
+ Perrin as well as the very constructive comments made by the Referees
+ are gratefully acknowledged. F.S. acknowledges the support of the
+ Walloon Region (DGTRE) and the Fonds Social Europeen through a ``FIRST
+ EUROPE Objectif 3{''} project under the contract EPH3310300R0302/215284.
+ The support of the CISM (Institut de calcul intensif et de stockage de
+ masse) of UCL is gratefully acknowledged. This research was carried out
+ under the University Attraction Poles (IAP) Programme, financed by the
+ Belgian Science Policy under contract P6/24.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{94}},
+Times-Cited = {{57}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{718JE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287116400013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000287211700008,
+Author = {Yang, Sheng-Qi and Jing, Hong-Wen},
+Title = {{Strength failure and crack coalescence behavior of brittle sandstone
+ samples containing a single fissure under uniaxial compression}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{168}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{227-250}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Uniaxial compression experiments were performed for brittle sandstone
+ samples containing a single fissure by a rock mechanics servo-controlled
+ testing system. Based on the experimental results of axial stress-axial
+ strain curves, the influence of single fissure geometry on the strength
+ and deformation behavior of sandstone samples is analyzed in detail.
+ Compared with the intact sandstone sample, the sandstone samples
+ containing a single fissure show the localization deformation failure.
+ The uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus and peak axial strain
+ of sandstone samples with pre-existing single fissure are all lower than
+ that of intact sandstone sample, which is closely related to the fissure
+ length and fissure angle. The crack coalescence was observed and
+ characterized from tips of pre-existing single fissure in brittle
+ sandstone sample. Nine different crack types are identified based on
+ their geometry and crack propagation mechanism (tensile, shear, lateral
+ crack, far-field crack and surface spalling) for single fissure, which
+ can be used to analyze the failure mode and cracking process of
+ sandstone sample containing a single fissure under uniaxial compression.
+ To confirm the subsequence of crack coalescence in sandstone sample, the
+ photographic monitoring and acoustic emission (AE) technique were
+ adopted for uniaxial compression test. The real-time crack coalescence
+ process of sandstone containing a single fissure was recorded during the
+ whole loading. In the end, the influence of the crack coalescence on the
+ strength and deformation failure behavior of brittle sandstone sample
+ containing a single fissure is analyzed under uniaxial compression. The
+ present research is helpful to understand the failure behavior and
+ fracture mechanism of engineering rock mass (such as slope instability
+ and underground rock burst).}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yang, SQ (Reprint Author), China Univ Min \& Technol, Sch Mech \& Civil Engn, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Xuzhou 221008, Peoples R China.
+ Yang, Sheng-Qi; Jing, Hong-Wen, China Univ Min \& Technol, Sch Mech \& Civil Engn, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Xuzhou 221008, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-010-9576-4}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+Keywords = {{Brittle sandstone; Fissure length; Fissure angle; Mechanical parameter;
+ Failure mode; Crack coalescence; Tensile crack; Surface spalling;
+ Acoustic Emission (AE)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ROCK-LIKE MATERIALS; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION; PRECRACKED
+ MARBLE; 3 FLAWS; FRACTURE; STRESS; DAMAGE; PROPAGATION; MECHANISMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{yangsqi@hotmail.com}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}50709008]; China
+ Postdoctoral Science Foundation {[}20100470068]; Blue Project of
+ Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province in China}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support by the
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 50709008), China
+ Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (no. 20100470068) and
+ Blue Project of Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province in China
+ (2010). We also would like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof.
+ Andre Vervoort and another anonymous reviewer for their valuable
+ comments, which have greatly improved this paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{56}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{19}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{77}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{719NO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287211700008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000291602800003,
+Author = {Amann, Florian and Button, Edward Alan and Evans, Keith Frederick and
+ Gischig, Valentin Samuel and Bluemel, Manfred},
+Title = {{Experimental Study of the Brittle Behavior of Clay shale in Rapid
+ Unconfined Compression}},
+Journal = {{ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{415-430}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The mechanical behavior of clay shales is of great interest in many
+ branches of geo-engineering, including nuclear waste disposal,
+ underground excavations, and deep well drilling. Observations from test
+ galleries (Mont Terri, Switzerland and Bure, France) in these materials
+ have shown that the rock mass response near the excavation is associated
+ with brittle failure processes combined with bedding parallel shearing.
+ To investigate the brittle failure characteristics of the Opalinus Clay
+ recovered from the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory, a series
+ of 19 unconfined uniaxial compression tests were performed utilizing
+ servo-controlled testing procedures. All specimens were tested at their
+ natural water content with loading approximately normal to the bedding.
+ Acoustic emission (AE) measurements were utilized to help quantify
+ stress levels associated with crack initiation and propagation. The
+ unconfined compression strength of the tested specimens averaged 6.9
+ MPa. The crack initiation threshold occurred at approximately 30\% of
+ the rupture stress based on analyzing both the acoustic emission
+ measurements and the stress-strain behavior. The crack damage threshold
+ showed large variability and occurred at approximately 70\% of the
+ rupture stress.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER WIEN}},
+Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Amann, F (Reprint Author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
+ Amann, Florian; Evans, Keith Frederick; Gischig, Valentin Samuel, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
+ Button, Edward Alan, Geoconsult Pvt Ltd, Gurgaon, India.
+ Bluemel, Manfred, Graz Univ Technol, Inst Rock Mech \& Tunnelling, A-8010 Graz, Austria.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00603-011-0156-3}},
+ISSN = {{0723-2632}},
+Keywords = {{Unconfined compressive strength; Brittle failure; Anisotropic rock; Clay
+ shale; Damage initiation; Acoustic emissions}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL COLLOQUIUM; OPALINUS CLAY; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION; ARGILLACEOUS ROCKS;
+ TOURNEMIRE SHALE; LAYERED ROCKS; CRACK-GROWTH; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{florian.amann@erdw.ethz.ch
+ edward.button@geoconsult.eu
+ keith.evans@erdw.ethz.ch
+ valentin.gischig@erdw.ethz.ch
+ bluemel@tugraz.at}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI)}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study was funded by the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate
+ (ENSI). The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Peter Kaiser and one
+ unknown reviewer for the thorough review and useful suggestions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{82}},
+Times-Cited = {{49}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Rock Mech. Rock Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{777GB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000291602800003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000297012500002,
+Author = {Iarve, Endel V. and Gurvich, Mark R. and Mollenhauer, David H. and Rose,
+ Cheryl A. and Davila, Carlos G.},
+Title = {{Mesh-independent matrix cracking and delamination modeling in laminated
+ composites}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{88}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{749-773}},
+Month = {{NOV 25}},
+Abstract = {{The initiation and evolution of transverse matrix cracks and
+ delaminations are predicted within a mesh-independent cracking (MIC)
+ framework. MIC is a regularized extended finite element method (x-FEM)
+ that allows the insertion of cracks in directions that are independent
+ of the mesh orientation. The Heaviside step function that is typically
+ used to introduce a displacement discontinuity across a crack surface is
+ replaced by a continuous function approximated by using the original
+ displacement shape functions. Such regularization allows the
+ preservation of the Gaussian integration schema regardless of the
+ enrichment required to model cracking in an arbitrary direction. The
+ interaction between plies is anchored on the integration point
+ distribution, which remains constant through the entire simulation.
+ Initiation and propagation of delaminations between plies as well as
+ intra-ply MIC opening is implemented by using a mixed-mode cohesive
+ formulation in a fully three-dimensional model that includes residual
+ thermal stresses. The validity of the proposed methodology was tested
+ against a variety of problems ranging from simple evolution of
+ delamination from existing transverse cracks to strength predictions of
+ complex laminates without a priori knowledge of damage location or
+ initiation. Good agreement with conventional numerical solutions and/or
+ experimental data was observed in all the problems considered. Published
+ 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain
+ in the USA.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Iarve, EV (Reprint Author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
+ Iarve, Endel V.; Mollenhauer, David H., USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
+ Iarve, Endel V., Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
+ Gurvich, Mark R., United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA.
+ Rose, Cheryl A.; Davila, Carlos G., NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nme.3195}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5981}},
+Keywords = {{composite; mesh independent cracking; delamination; failure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL; PART I; DISCONTINUITIES;
+ MICROMECHANICS; SIMULATION; SPECIMENS; FAILURE; LAW}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications}},
+Author-Email = {{endel.iarve@wpafb.af.mil}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NASA AAD-2 {[}NNX08AB05A-G]; AFRL {[}FA8650-05-D-5052]; University of
+ Dayton Research Institute}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work was funded under NASA AAD-2 contract number NNX08AB05A-G and
+ partially by AFRL contract FA8650-05-D-5052 with the University of
+ Dayton Research Institute.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{48}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{847YR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000297012500002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000288298800007,
+Author = {Idiart, Andres E. and Lopez, Carlos M. and Carol, Ignacio},
+Title = {{Chemo-mechanical analysis of concrete cracking and degradation due to
+ external sulfate attack: A meso-scale model}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{411-423}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper we focus on the external sulfate attack on concrete
+ specimens at the meso-level. There is nowadays a renewed interest in
+ rationally describing the mechanisms behind expansive processes leading
+ to cracking and spalling of concrete exposed to sulfate solutions. A
+ model is presented for degradation of concrete exposed to external
+ sulfate attack at the meso-level, i.e. representing explicitly in the
+ simulations the main heterogeneities of the material. A previously
+ developed mesomechanical approach has been coupled with a
+ diffusion-reaction analysis at the same scale. It is based on the
+ systematic use of zero-thickness interface elements equipped with
+ fracture-based constitutive laws, and the effect of discrete cracks on
+ the transport of ions is explicitly accounted for. The main results
+ obtained agree qualitatively and quantitatively well with experimental
+ observations in terms of ettringite penetration depth, expansions, crack
+ patterns and spalling effects. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Idiart, AE (Reprint Author), OXAND SA, 49 Av F Roosevelt, F-77210 Avon, France.
+ Idiart, Andres E., OXAND SA, F-77210 Avon, France.
+ Lopez, Carlos M.; Carol, Ignacio, UPC Tech Univ Catalonia, ETSECCPB Sch Civil Engn, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.12.001}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+Keywords = {{External sulfate attack; Concrete; Chemo-mechanical modeling; Meso-scale}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS; INTERFACE ELEMENTS; DIFFUSION; EXPANSION;
+ SIMULATION; SPECIMENS; TRANSPORT; LIMESTONE; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{Andres.Idiart@upc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Carol, Ignacio/H-9011-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Carol, Ignacio/0000-0002-1821-7203
+ Idiart, Andres/0000-0003-0919-6655}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{MEC (Madrid, Spain) {[}BIA2006-12717]; MICINN (Madrid, Spain)
+ {[}BIA2009-10491]; AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona)
+ {[}2009SGR-180]; MEC}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research has been supported by grants BIA2006-12717 funded by MEC
+ (Madrid, Spain) and BIA2009-10491 funded by MICINN (Madrid, Spain), as
+ well as grant 2009SGR-180 from AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya,
+ Barcelona). The first author also wishes to thank MEC for the FPI
+ doctoral fellowship (2004-2008). Special thanks to Dr. Barbara
+ Lothenbach (EMPA, Switzerland) and Prof. Ignasi Casanova (UPC, Spain)
+ for insightful discussions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{54}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{45}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{733XW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000288298800007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000287567000003,
+Author = {Wu, N. and Wang, Q.},
+Title = {{Experimental studies on damage detection of beam structures with wavelet
+ transform}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{253-261}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Experimental studies are reported for crack detection of a beam
+ structure under a static displacement with the spatial wavelet
+ transform. An invisible perturbation in the deflection profile of the
+ beam at the crack position due to its existence would be induced. Such a
+ small perturbation will be discerned or amplified through a wavelet
+ transform such that a detection of crack location becomes possible
+ practically. To realize this, the static profile of a cracked cantilever
+ aluminum beam subjected to a static displacement at its free end is
+ analyzed with Gabor wavelet to identify the crack. The damage detection
+ of the beam with different crack depths is conducted. The spatial
+ wavelet transform is proven to be effective in identifying the damage
+ area even when the crack depth is around 26\% of the thickness of the
+ beam. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wang, Q (Reprint Author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Mech \& Mfg Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada.
+ Wu, N.; Wang, Q., Univ Manitoba, Dept Mech \& Mfg Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.12.004}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7225}},
+Keywords = {{Wavelet transform; Spatial wavelet; Cracked beam; Laser profile sensor;
+ Damage detection; Structural health monitoring}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; VIBRATION; PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{q\_wang@umanitoba.ca}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wang, Quan/A-7931-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wang, Quan/0000-0002-9808-5035}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Canada Research Chairs Program (CRC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was undertaken, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada
+ Research Chairs Program (CRC).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Eng. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{724HP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287567000003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000289766200012,
+Author = {Ozbolt, Josko and Sharma, Akanshu and Reinhardt, Hans-Wolf},
+Title = {{Dynamic fracture of concrete - compact tension specimen}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1534-1543}},
+Month = {{MAY 15}},
+Abstract = {{The behavior of concrete structures is strongly influenced by the
+ loading rate. Compared to quasi-static loading concrete loaded by impact
+ loading acts in a different way. First, there is a strain-rate influence
+ on strength, stiffness, and ductility, and, second, there are inertia
+ forces activated. Both influences are clearly demonstrated in
+ experiments. Moreover, for concrete structures, which exhibit damage and
+ fracture phenomena, the failure mode and cracking pattern depend on
+ loading rate. In general, there is a tendency that with the increase of
+ loading rate the failure mode changes from mode-I to mixed mode.
+ Furthermore, theoretical and experimental investigations indicate that
+ after the crack reaches critical speed of propagation there is crack
+ branching. The present paper focuses on 3D finite-element study of the
+ crack propagation of the concrete compact tension specimen. The rate
+ sensitive microplane model is used as a constitutive law for concrete.
+ The strain-rate influence is captured by the activation energy theory.
+ Inertia forces are implicitly accounted for through dynamic finite
+ element analysis. The results of the study show that the fracture of the
+ specimen strongly depends on the loading rate. For relatively low
+ loading rates there is a single crack due to the mode-I fracture.
+ However, with the increase of loading rate crack branching is observed.
+ Up to certain threshold (critical) loading rate the maximal crack
+ velocity increases with increase of loading rate, however, for higher
+ loading rates maximal velocity of the crack propagation becomes
+ independent of the loading rate. The critical crack velocity at the
+ onset of crack branching is found to be approximately 500 m/s. (C) 2011
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ozbolt, J (Reprint Author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Construct Mat, D-70560 Stuttgart, Germany.
+ Ozbolt, Josko; Reinhardt, Hans-Wolf, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Construct Mat, D-70560 Stuttgart, Germany.
+ Sharma, Akanshu, Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Reactor Safety Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.01.033}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Concrete; Compact tension specimen; Dynamic fracture; Rate sensitivity;
+ Crack branching; Finite element analysis; Microplane model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MIXED-MODE FRACTURE; MICROPLANE MODEL; CRACK-PROPAGATION; STRAIN;
+ BEHAVIOR; EXTENSION; VELOCITY; RATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{ozbolt@iwb.uni-stuttgart.de
+ akanshusharma@yahoo.co.in
+ reinhardt@iwb.uni-stuttgart.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{43}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{753IT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000289766200012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000292595000001,
+Author = {Elliott, J. A.},
+Title = {{Novel approaches to multiscale modelling in materials science}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{56}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{207-225}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Computational modelling techniques are now widely employed in materials
+ science, due to recent advances in computing power and simulation
+ methodologies, since they can enable rapid testing of theoretical
+ predictions or understanding of complex experimental data at relatively
+ low cost. However, many problems at the leading edge of materials
+ science involve collective phenomena that occur over a range of time and
+ length scales which are intrinsically difficult to capture in a single
+ simulation. This review summarises some of the latest developments in
+ multiscale modelling techniques over the past decade, as applied to
+ selected problems in materials science and engineering, thereby
+ motivating the reader to explore how such techniques might be applied in
+ their own area of specialty. Methods for accelerating molecular dynamics
+ by enhancement of kinetic barrier crossing, such as hyperdynamics and
+ metadynamics, are discussed alongside mesoscale simulation techniques,
+ such as dissipative particle dynamics or adaptive coarse graining, for
+ enabling larger and longer simulations. The applications are mainly
+ focused on simulations of microstructure and mechanical properties, and
+ examples of surface diffusion in metals, radiation damage in ceramics,
+ strengthening of nanocrystalline metals and alloys, crack propagation in
+ brittle solids, polymer chain relaxation in nanocomposites and the
+ control of nucleation in biomimetic materials are discussed.}},
+Publisher = {{MANEY PUBLISHING}},
+Address = {{STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Elliott, JA (Reprint Author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci \& Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England.
+ Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci \& Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1179/1743280410Y.0000000002}},
+ISSN = {{0950-6608}},
+Keywords = {{Multiscale computer simulation; Materials modelling; Molecular dynamics;
+ Monte Carlo; Finite element analysis; Hierarchical/hybrid models;
+ Density functional theory; Review}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS;
+ PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANE; DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD;
+ TEMPERATURE-ACCELERATED DYNAMICS; QUASI-CONTINUUM METHOD; COARSE-GRAINED
+ MODELS; HYDRATED MORPHOLOGIES; PARTICULATE SYSTEMS; INFREQUENT EVENTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{jae1001@cam.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Elliott, James/A-4135-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Elliott, James/0000-0002-4887-6250}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{UK Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of Dr Dmytro
+ Antypov for his critical reading of the manuscript and help in
+ generating Figs. 4 and 9, Dr Art Voter and Dr Danny Perez for their
+ comments on accelerated dynamics methods and for supplying Figs. 6 and
+ 7, and Dr Yue Han for generating the results shown in Fig. 9. He would
+ also like to acknowledge research funding from the UK Engineering and
+ Physics Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), which supported parts of the
+ work reviewed in this article.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{214}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{173}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. Mater. Rev.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{790NK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000292595000001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000291901700004,
+Author = {Fang, X. J. and Zhou, Z. Q. and Cox, B. N. and Yang, Q. D.},
+Title = {{High-fidelity simulations of multiple fracture processes in a laminated
+ composite in tension}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1355-1373}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The augmented finite element method (A-FEM) is used to study the
+ fundamental composite failure problem of delamination and associated
+ damage events spreading from a stress concentrator during tensile
+ loading. The solution exploits the ability of A-FEM to account for
+ coupled multiple crack types that are not predetermined in shape or
+ number. The nonlinear processes of each fracture mode are represented by
+ a cohesive model, which provides a unified description of crack
+ initiation and propagation and can also describe crack coalescence and
+ bifurcation. The study problem is an orthogonal double-notched tension
+ specimen, in which delaminations interact with transverse ply cracks,
+ intra-ply splitting cracks, non-localized fine-scale matrix shear
+ deformation, and fiber breaks. Cohesive laws and constitutive laws for
+ matrix shear deformation are calibrated using literature data from
+ independent tests. The calibrated simulations are mesh independent and
+ correctly reproduce all qualitative aspects of the coupled damage
+ evolution processes. They also correctly predict delamination sizes and
+ shapes, the density of transverse ply cracks, the growth rate of
+ splitting cracks, softening of the global stress-strain curve, and the
+ ultimate strength. A sensitivity analysis relates variability in
+ cohesive law parameters to predicted deviance in engineering properties.
+ Given the known variability in cohesive law parameters, the predicted
+ deviance in ultimate strength agrees with that in experimental data. The
+ importance of including the interactions between different crack systems
+ and non-localized shear deformation is demonstrated by suppressing the
+ presence of separate mechanisms; the predicted delamination shapes,
+ splitting crack growth rate, and the stress-displacement relationship
+ fall into significant error. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yang, QD (Reprint Author), Univ Miami, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
+ Fang, X. J.; Zhou, Z. Q.; Yang, Q. D., Univ Miami, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
+ Cox, B. N., Teledyne Sci Co LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2011.04.007}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{Fracture; Fiber-reinforced composite material; Finite elements}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE; CRACK-GROWTH; ARBITRARY
+ DISCONTINUITIES; STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; ADHESIVE
+ JOINTS; MATRIX CRACKING; COHESIVE CRACK; VIRTUAL TESTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{qdyang@miami.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yang, Qingda/H-3983-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Yang, Qingda/0000-0003-0574-6461}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NASA Langley {[}NNL08AA19C]; National Hypersonic Science Center for
+ Materials and Structures {[}FA9550-09-1-0477]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of NASA Langley (Contract
+ no. NNL08AA19C) and the National Hypersonic Science Center for Materials
+ and Structures (Contract no. FA9550-09-1-0477). We thank Dr. Stephen R.
+ Hallet for kindly providing the recalibrated stress-displacement curve
+ in Figs. 8 and 10-12.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{42}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{780ZZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000291901700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000294974400007,
+Author = {Erzar, B. and Forquin, P.},
+Title = {{Experiments and mesoscopic modelling of dynamic testing of concrete}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{505-527}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Due to their large aggregates size and their heterogeneous
+ microstructure, concretes are difficult materials to test at high
+ strain-rates. Direct tensile tests, spalling tests and edge-on impact
+ experiments have been especially developed and performed on a standard
+ concrete (max grain size of 8 mm). The influence of free water on the
+ high strain rate behaviour has been carefully evaluated. Numerical
+ simulations of dynamic testing have been also performed using a
+ mesoscopic approach in which the matrix and the aggregates are
+ differentiated. Numerical and analytical homogenization methods have
+ been employed to define a model-concrete which fits experimental data of
+ simple and oedometric compression tests. Then, the numerical simulations
+ with several random distributions of aggregates were conducted to
+ validate the processing methods applied to the experimental data of the
+ dynamic tests. Moreover an anisotropic damage model coupled to the
+ mesoscopic approach has been used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of
+ concrete under impact. It allows predicting the increase of strength and
+ cracking density with strain-rate and the free water influence on the
+ dynamic behaviour of concrete. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Forquin, P (Reprint Author), Univ Paul Verlaine Metz, Lab Etud Microstruct \& Mecan Mat LEM3, F-57045 Metz 1, France.
+ Erzar, B.; Forquin, P., Univ Paul Verlaine Metz, Lab Etud Microstruct \& Mecan Mat LEM3, F-57045 Metz 1, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechmat.2011.05.002}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+EISSN = {{1872-7743}},
+Keywords = {{Spalling; Hopkinson bar; Edge-on impact; Multiscale approach; Brittle
+ materials; Homogenization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-STRAIN RATES; ON IMPACT TESTS; STRENGTH CONCRETE; HIGH CONFINEMENT;
+ FRACTURE ENERGY; TENSILE FAILURE; DAMAGE MODEL; BEHAVIOR; FRAGMENTATION;
+ CERAMICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{benjamin.erzar@univ-metz.fr
+ pascal.forquin@univ-metz.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Forquin, Pascal/0000-0003-0730-5483}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{CEA; DAM; GRAMAT}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the CEA, DAM, GRAMAT. The authors wish to
+ acknowledge particularly Dr. Buzaud and Dr. Pontiroli for the numerous
+ and fruitful discussions that contributed to complete this work.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{52}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{39}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{821KR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000294974400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000289601500027,
+Author = {Nesterova, Tatyana and Dam-Johansen, Kim and Kiil, Soren},
+Title = {{Synthesis of durable microcapsules for self-healing anticorrosive
+ coatings: A comparison of selected methods}},
+Journal = {{PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{70}},
+Number = {{4, SI}},
+Pages = {{342-352}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Note = {{International Conference on Coatings Science 2010, Noordwijk,
+ NETHERLANDS, JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010}},
+Abstract = {{Self-healing materials have the ability to `repair' themselves upon
+ exposure to an external stimulus. In the field of coatings, extensive
+ laboratory research has been conducted on these so-called smart
+ materials in the last decade. In the present work, a self-healing
+ concept for epoxy-based anticorrosive coatings, based on incorporation
+ of microcapsules, filled with reactive agents, into the coating matrix,
+ is investigated. Upon small damages to the coating, the reagents are
+ released from the capsules and react, thereby forming a cross-linked
+ network, which heals the crack However, for the concept to work,
+ microcapsules have to be strong enough to remain intact during storage
+ and coating formulation and application. Furthermore, the capsules must
+ remain stable for many years in the dry coating. Laboratory experiments,
+ using four out of several encapsulation methods available in the
+ literature, have been conducted to investigate the challenges associated
+ with the synthesis of stable microcapsules. It was found that the nature
+ of the core material strongly affects the microcapsule stability and
+ performance. Furthermore, it was evident that experimental procedures
+ developed for certain core materials were not suitable for encapsulation
+ of other compounds without modifications. This is a severe limitation as
+ not many of the encapsulation procedures have been developed for
+ industrially relevant core materials such as epoxy resin. Results of
+ experiments, aiming at finding optimal conditions for robust
+ microcapsule production, are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kiil, S (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem \& Biochem Engn, Bldg 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Nesterova, Tatyana; Dam-Johansen, Kim; Kiil, Soren, Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem \& Biochem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.09.032}},
+ISSN = {{0300-9440}},
+Keywords = {{Anticorrosive coating; Epoxy resin; Self-healing; Microcapsule}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EPOXY-RESINS; MICROENCAPSULATED EPOXY; POLY(UREA-FORMALDEHYDE);
+ COMPOSITES; MELAMINE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings \& Films}},
+Author-Email = {{sk@kt.dtu.dk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Kiil, Soren/0000-0002-9013-6870}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{55}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Prog. Org. Coat.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{751EY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000289601500027}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000288003700013,
+Author = {Oestlund, Fredrik and Howie, Philip R. and Ghisleni, Rudy and Korte,
+ Sandra and Leifer, Klaus and Clegg, William J. and Michler, Johann},
+Title = {{Ductile-brittle transition in micropillar compression of GaAs at room
+ temperature}},
+Journal = {{PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{91}},
+Number = {{7-9, SI}},
+Pages = {{1190-1199}},
+Abstract = {{Experiments have been carried out on how compressive failure of < 100 >
+ axis GaAs micropillars at room temperature is influenced by their
+ diameter. Slip was observed in all micropillars, often on intersecting
+ slip planes. Cracks could nucleate at these intersections and then grow
+ axially in the sample, with bursts of crack growth. However, GaAs
+ micropillars with diameters less than approximately 1 mu m did not
+ split, nor was splitting observed where slip occurred on only one plane.
+ The conditions under which such splitting can occur have been estimated
+ by modifying an existing analysis. This predicts a ductile-brittle
+ transition at a micropillar diameter of approximately 1 mu m, consistent
+ with experimental observations.}},
+Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
+Address = {{4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ghisleni, R (Reprint Author), EMPA Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing \& Res, Lab Mech Mat \& Nanostruct, Feuerwerkerstr 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland.
+ Oestlund, Fredrik; Ghisleni, Rudy; Michler, Johann, EMPA Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing \& Res, Lab Mech Mat \& Nanostruct, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland.
+ Howie, Philip R.; Korte, Sandra; Clegg, William J., Dept Mat Sci \& Met, Gordon Lab, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England.
+ Leifer, Klaus, Uppsala Univ, Dept Engn Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1080/14786435.2010.509286}},
+ISSN = {{1478-6435}},
+Keywords = {{micropillar compression; GaAs; fracture; compression test; scanning
+ electron microscopy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE; INDENTATION; NANOINDENTS; STRENGTH;
+ DAMAGE; SI}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{rudy.ghisleni@empa.ch}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ghisleni, Rudy/E-7884-2010
+ Michler, Johann/B-4672-2010
+ Korte-Kerzel, Sandra/E-5104-2017
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Michler, Johann/0000-0001-8860-4068
+ Korte-Kerzel, Sandra/0000-0002-4143-5129
+ Howie, Philip/0000-0003-0182-9913
+ Leifer, Klaus/0000-0002-8360-1877}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council {[}EP/C518012/1,
+ EP/F033605/1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
+ Council {[}EP/C518012/1] (SK) and {[}EP/F033605/1] (PRH).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{40}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Philos. Mag.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{730BK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000288003700013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000289921000005,
+Author = {Gonzalez, E. V. and Maimi, P. and Camanho, P. P. and Lopes, C. S. and
+ Blanco, N.},
+Title = {{Effects of ply clustering in laminated composite plates under
+ low-velocity impact loading}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{71}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{805-817}},
+Month = {{APR 12}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a study of the effects of ply clustering on
+ polymer-based laminated composite plates subjected to a drop-weight
+ impact loading. The tools used to define the impact configurations, as
+ well as the experimental results obtained, are described in detail.
+ These tools are simplified analytical models for the description of the
+ impact behavior and of the damage thresholds that result in a
+ significant reduction on the structure stiffness and strength, caused by
+ delamination. The results obtained demonstrate that the analytical tools
+ are useful to define the impact configurations, to obtain a preliminary
+ understanding of the effects of each parameter that can influence the
+ response, and to interpret the experimental results. It is concluded
+ that ply clustering reduces the damage resistance of the structure.
+ However, the damage tolerance assessed by the compression after impact
+ tests is unaffected by ply clustering. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMec, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Camanho, P. P., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMec, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Gonzalez, E. V.; Maimi, P.; Blanco, N., Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Girona 17071, Spain.
+ Lopes, C. S., Univ Porto, INEGI Inst Mech Engn \& Ind Management, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.12.018}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composite; Laminates; Impact behavior; Delamination;
+ Damage tolerance}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NOTCHED COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; MASS IMPACT; DELAMINATION; DAMAGE;
+ PREDICTION; RESISTANCE; PARAMETER; CRACKING; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Camanho, Pedro /E-1666-2011
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014
+ Balanzat, Josep Costa/C-1017-2014
+ Gonzalez, Emilio Vicente/P-1258-2014
+ Blanco, Norbert/H-8034-2016
+ Maimi, Pere/C-3581-2009
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291
+ Gonzalez, Emilio Vicente/0000-0003-0190-8742
+ Blanco, Norbert/0000-0003-2446-2106
+ Maimi, Pere/0000-0002-7350-1506
+ Lopes, Claudio/0000-0003-4895-683X
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion)
+ {[}MAT2009-07918, DPI2009-08048]; European Social funds; Portuguese
+ Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) {[}PDCT/EMEPME/64984/2006]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government
+ (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) under Contracts MAT2009-07918 and
+ DPI2009-08048. The first author would like to thank the Generalitat de
+ Catalunya for the FI pre-doctorate grant supported by European Social
+ funds. The third author would like to thank the financial support of the
+ Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the Project
+ PDCT/EMEPME/64984/2006. Finally, the authors would like to thank the
+ reviewers of the journal of Composites Science and Technology for their
+ positive comments that have helped to improve the paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{755HZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000289921000005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000301734000011,
+Author = {Oh, Chang-Sik and Kim, Nak-Hyun and Kim, Yun-Jae and Davies, Catrin and
+ Nikbin, Kamran and Dean, David},
+Title = {{Creep failure simulations of 316H at 550 degrees C: Part I - A method
+ and validation}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{78}},
+Number = {{17}},
+Pages = {{2966-2977}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{This paper proposes a method to simulate creep failure using finite
+ element damage analysis. The creep damage model is based on the creep
+ ductility exhaustion concept, and incremental damage is defined by the
+ ratio of incremental creep strain and multi-axial creep ductility. A
+ simple linear damage summation rule is applied and, when accumulated
+ damage becomes unity, element stresses are reduced to zero to simulate
+ progressive crack growth. For validation, simulated results are compared
+ with experimental data for a compact tension specimen of 316H at 550
+ degrees C. Effects of the mesh size and scatter in uniaxial ductility
+ are also investigated. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kim, YJ (Reprint Author), Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
+ Oh, Chang-Sik; Kim, Nak-Hyun; Kim, Yun-Jae, Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
+ Davies, Catrin; Nikbin, Kamran, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2BX, England.
+ Dean, David, British Energy, Assessment Technol Grp, Gloucester GL4 3RS, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.08.015}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{Creep crack initiation and growth; Creep ductility; Finite element
+ damage analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; CRACK-GROWTH; CONTINUUM DAMAGE; STRESS
+ TRIAXIALITY; DUCTILE FRACTURE; PREDICTION; RUPTURE; INITIATION; STRAIN;
+ STATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{kimy0308@korea.ac.kr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{911QK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000301734000011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000295438600001,
+Author = {Michel, Alexander and Pease, Brad J. and Geiker, Mette R. and Stang,
+ Henrik and Olesen, John Forbes},
+Title = {{Monitoring reinforcement corrosion and corrosion-induced cracking using
+ non-destructive x-ray attenuation measurements}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{1085-1094}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{To test the applicability of the x-ray attenuation method to monitor
+ corrosion products as well as the formation and propagation of cracks in
+ cementitious materials, reinforced mortar samples were tested under
+ accelerated corrosion conditions. Experimental results demonstrate x-ray
+ attenuation measurements can track time-dependent development of
+ corrosion products and the subsequent initiation and propagation of
+ corrosion-induced cracks. Also, x-ray attenuation measurements allowed
+ determination of the actual concentration of the corrosion products
+ averaged through the specimen thickness. The total mass loss of steel,
+ obtained by the x-ray attenuation method, was found to be in very good
+ agreement with the mass loss obtained by gravimetric method as well as
+ Faraday's law. Results of the presented experimental approach provide
+ pertinent information for the further development and verification of
+ numerical tools simulating corrosion-induced damage in reinforced
+ concrete. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pease, BJ (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, Brovej Bldg 118, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Michel, Alexander; Pease, Brad J.; Geiker, Mette R.; Stang, Henrik; Olesen, John Forbes, Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Geiker, Mette R., Norwegian Univ Sci \& Technol NTNU, Dept Struct Engn, Trondheim, Norway.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06.006}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+Keywords = {{Crack detection; EDX; Corrosion; Reinforcement; Non-destructive testing
+ (NDT)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COVER CRACKING; CONCRETE STRUCTURES; MODEL; PREDICTION; ABSORPTION;
+ MORTAR; STEEL; TIME}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{bjp@byg.dtu.dk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pease, Brad/A-4703-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Geiker, Mette Rica/0000-0003-4952-8394
+ Pease, Brad/0000-0001-7088-3126
+ Olesen, John Forbes/0000-0001-6695-7719
+ Michel, Alexander/0000-0002-5934-8488
+ Stang, Henrik/0000-0002-5812-4028}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Taumoses Legat; Femern Baelt A/S; Sund \& Baelt Holding A/S; Danish
+ Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; Danish Expert Centre for
+ Infrastructure Constructions}},
+Funding-Text = {{The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of
+ Taumoses Legat as well as Femern Baelt A/S, Sund \& Baelt Holding A/S
+ and The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation. Financial
+ contributions from the Danish Expert Centre for Infrastructure
+ Constructions are also greatly appreciated. Furthermore, the authors
+ acknowledge the assistance of Adela Peterova.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{827OU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000295438600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000294287000008,
+Author = {Mujica, L. E. and Rodellar, J. and Fernandez, A. and Gueemes, A.},
+Title = {{Q-statistic and T-2-statistic PCA-based measures for damage assessment
+ in structures}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{10}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{539-553}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{This article explores the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and
+ T-2 and Q-statistic measures to detect and distinguish damages in
+ structures. For this study, two structures are used for experimental
+ assessment: a steel sheet and a turbine blade of an aircraft. The
+ analysis has been performed in two ways: (i) by exciting the structure
+ with low-frequency vibrations using a shaker and using several
+ piezoelectric (PZT) sensors attached on the surface, and (ii) by
+ exciting at high-frequency vibrations using a single PZT as actuator and
+ several PZTs as sensors. A known vibration signal is applied and the
+ dynamical responses are analyzed. A PCA model is built using data from
+ the undamaged structure as a reference base line. The defects in the
+ turbine blade are simulated by attaching a mass on the surface at
+ different positions. Instead, a progressive crack is produced to the
+ steel sheet. Data from sets of experiments for undamaged and damaged
+ scenarios are projected into the PCA model. The first two projections,
+ and the Q-statistic and T-2-statistic indices are analyzed. Q-statistic
+ indicates how well each sample conforms to the PCA model. It is a
+ measure of the difference or residual between a sample and its
+ projection into the principal components retained in the model.
+ T-2-statistic index is a measure of the variation of each sample within
+ the PCA model. Results of each scenario are presented and discussed
+ demonstrating the feasibility and potential of using this formulation in
+ structural health monitoring.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mujica, LE (Reprint Author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Appl Math 3, Comte Urgell 187, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
+ Mujica, L. E.; Rodellar, J., Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Appl Math 3, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
+ Fernandez, A.; Gueemes, A., Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Aeronaut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1475921710388972}},
+ISSN = {{1475-9217}},
+Keywords = {{damage detection; principal component analysis; aircraft structures}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; MULTIVARIATE-STATISTICS; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{luis.eduardo.mujica@upc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rodellar, Jose/I-8693-2014
+ Mujica, Luis Eduardo /L-2814-2014
+ Guemes, Alfredo/L-7048-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Rodellar, Jose/0000-0002-1514-7713
+ Mujica, Luis Eduardo /0000-0001-7123-8065
+ }},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{`Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion' in Spain
+ {[}DPI2008-06564-C02-01/02]; Juan de la Cierva; Agencia de Gestio
+ d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca of the `Generalitat de Catalunya;
+ Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work has been supported by the `Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion'
+ in Spain through the coordinated research project
+ DPI2008-06564-C02-01/02, and the post-doctoral programme `Juan de la
+ Cierva'. The authors thank the support from the `Agencia de Gestio
+ d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca of the `Generalitat de Catalunya',
+ `Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya' and `Universidad Politecnica de
+ Madrid'. We are also grateful to Professor Jesus Lopez-Diez for his
+ valuable suggestions and ideas during the experimental phase.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{812IT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000294287000008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000292418000018,
+Author = {Koutromanos, Ioannis and Stavridis, Andreas and Shing, P. Benson and
+ Willam, Kaspar},
+Title = {{Numerical modeling of masonry-infilled RC frames subjected to seismic
+ loads}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTERS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{89}},
+Number = {{11-12, SI}},
+Pages = {{1026-1037}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The behavior of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames under cyclic
+ lateral loading is complicated because a number of different failure
+ mechanisms can be induced by the frame-infill interaction, including
+ brittle shear failures of the concrete columns and damage of the infill
+ walls. In this study, nonlinear finite element models have been used to
+ simulate the behavior of these structures. Diffused cracking and
+ crushing in concrete and masonry are described by a smeared-crack
+ continuum model, while dominant cracks as well as masonry mortar joints
+ are modeled with a cohesive crack interface model. The interface model
+ adopts an elasto-plastic formulation to describe the mixed-mode fracture
+ of concrete and masonry. The model accounts for cyclic crack opening and
+ closing, reversible shear dilatation, and joint compaction due to
+ damage. The constitutive models have been validated with experimental
+ data and successfully applied to the dynamic analysis of a three-story,
+ two-bay, masonry-infilled, non-ductile, reinforced concrete frame tested
+ on a shake table. The results have demonstrated the capabilities of the
+ finite element method in capturing the nonlinear cyclic
+ load-displacement response and failure mechanisms of the structure, and
+ indicated the important contribution of infill walls to the seismic
+ resistance of a non-ductile reinforced concrete frame. (C) 2011 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Koutromanos, I (Reprint Author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr,MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
+ Koutromanos, Ioannis; Stavridis, Andreas; Shing, P. Benson, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
+ Willam, Kaspar, Univ Houston, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.01.006}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7949}},
+Keywords = {{Masonry infill walls; Non-ductile reinforced concrete frames;
+ Smeared-crack model; Cohesive crack interface model; Finite element
+ method; Earthquake loading}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLASTIC-DAMAGE MODEL; ULTIMATE STRENGTH; MICROPLANE MODEL; BRICK
+ MASONRY; CONCRETE; FRACTURE; DISCONTINUITIES; HOMOGENIZATION;
+ INTERFACES; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{ikoutrom@ucsd.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Stavridis, Andreas/N-4424-2015}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}0530709]; UCSD}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research presented here is supported by the National Science
+ Foundation Grant No. 0530709 awarded under the George E. Brown, Jr.
+ Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Research (NEESR) program.
+ The first author's doctoral research has been partially supported by a
+ Graduate Fellowship from UCSD. The quasi-static and shake-table tests
+ were conducted in the NEES facilities at the University of Colorado at
+ Boulder and the University of California at San Diego, respectively. The
+ authors would like to thank a former graduate student, Benjamin
+ Blackard, at the University of Colorado for conducting the quasi-static
+ tests. However, opinions expressed in this paper are these of the
+ authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsor.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{788AO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000292418000018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000295918500030,
+Author = {Skarzynski, L. and Syroka, E. and Tejchman, J.},
+Title = {{Measurements and Calculations of the Width of the Fracture Process Zones
+ on the Surface of Notched Concrete Beams}},
+Journal = {{STRAIN}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{E319-E332}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical
+ investigations of the width of the fracture process zone (FPZ) on the
+ surface of notched concrete beams during quasi-static three-point
+ bending. To measure two-dimensional deformations on the surface of
+ beams, a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was used. Laboratory
+ tests were performed with different notched concrete beams. The
+ experiments were simulated with two different isotropic continuum crack
+ models under two-dimensional conditions: an elasto-plastic and a damage
+ one with non-local softening.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Skarzynski, L (Reprint Author), Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Civil \& Environm Engn, Gdansk, Poland.
+ Skarzynski, L.; Syroka, E.; Tejchman, J., Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Civil \& Environm Engn, Gdansk, Poland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00605.x}},
+ISSN = {{0039-2103}},
+Keywords = {{characteristic length; concrete; digital image correlation; finite
+ element method; fracture process zone}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IMAGE VELOCIMETRY PIV; NONLOCAL DAMAGE MODEL; DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT;
+ TENSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Strain}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{833XL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000295918500030}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000285123400011,
+Author = {Zhong, Shuncong and Oyadiji, S. Olutunde},
+Title = {{Detection of cracks in simply-supported beams by continuous wavelet
+ transform of reconstructed modal data}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTERS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{89}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{127-148}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper proposes a new approach for damage detection in beam-like
+ structures with small cracks, whose crack ratio {[}r = H-c/H] is less
+ than 5\%, without baseline modal parameters. The approach is based on
+ the difference of the continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs) of two sets
+ of mode shape data which correspond to the left half and the right half
+ of the modal data of a cracked simply-supported beam. The mode shape
+ data of a cracked beam are apparently smooth curves, but actually
+ exhibit local peaks or dis-continuities in the region of damage because
+ they include additional response due to the cracks. The modal responses
+ of the damaged simply-supported beams used are computed using the finite
+ element method. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed
+ method for crack detection, and they provide a better crack indicator
+ than the result of the CWT of the original mode shape data. The effects
+ of crack location and sampling interval are examined. The simulated and
+ experimental results show that the proposed method has great potential
+ in crack detection of beam-like structures as it does not require the
+ modal parameter of an uncracked beam as a baseline for crack detection.
+ It can be recommended for real applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Oyadiji, SO (Reprint Author), Univ Manchester, Dynam \& Aeroelast Grp, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
+ Oyadiji, S. Olutunde, Univ Manchester, Dynam \& Aeroelast Grp, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
+ Zhong, Shuncong, Univ Liverpool, Dept Elect Engn \& Elect, Liverpool L69 3GJ, Merseyside, England.
+ Zhong, Shuncong, Fuzhou Univ, Sch Mech Engn \& Automat, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.08.008}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7949}},
+Keywords = {{Beams; Crack detection; Damage detection; Continuous wavelet transform;
+ Modal data}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; TIME}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{s.o.oyadiji@manchester.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhong, Shuncong/B-3082-2015
+ Oyadiji, S. Olutunde/A-9130-2016
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Oyadiji, S. Olutunde/0000-0002-5814-8441
+ Zhong, Shuncong/0000-0001-8999-2701}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{University of Manchester; Fuzhou University; Scientific Research
+ Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education
+ Ministry}},
+Funding-Text = {{The award of a University of Manchester University Scholarship to S.
+ Zhong for the initial part of this work is gratefully acknowledged.
+ Current support from the Fuzhou University Research Fund and the
+ Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,
+ State Education Ministry, to S. Zhong, is also gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{692AH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000285123400011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000295241300027,
+Author = {Abisset, E. and Daghia, F. and Ladeveze, P.},
+Title = {{On the validation of a damage mesomodel for laminated composites by
+ means of open-hole tensile tests on quasi-isotropic laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1515-1524}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Laminated composites are designed to withstand significant loads thanks
+ to the cooperation and interaction of plies with different orientations.
+ Due to the growing use of these materials in industrial structures,
+ their modeling constitutes an important scientific challenge. The damage
+ mesomodel developed at LMT-Cachan, based on a micromechanical
+ description, aims at predicting the evolution of damage in composite
+ structures until failure. In this work, open-hole tensile tests
+ performed on quasi-isotropic laminates are used to validate this model.
+ Starting from Wisnom and Hallett's work, a comparison between
+ experimental and numerical results is carried out focusing on two main
+ parameters: the ply's thickness and the in-plane scaling effect. (C)
+ 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ladeveze, P (Reprint Author), UPMC, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan, CNRS UMR8535,PRES UniverSud Paris, 61 Av President Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ Abisset, E.; Daghia, F.; Ladeveze, P., UPMC, LMT Cachan, ENS Cachan, CNRS UMR8535,PRES UniverSud Paris, F-94235 Cachan, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.07.004}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{Laminates; Fracture; Computational modeling; Damage mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DELAMINATION; MICROMECHANICS; FAILURE; PLY; STRENGTH; CRACKING;
+ IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{abisset@lmt.ens-cachan.fr
+ daghia@lmt.ens-ca-chan.fr
+ ladeveze@lmt.ens-cachan.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Community {[}213371]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research leading to these results was funded by the European
+ Community's Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 under Grant
+ Agreement No. 213371 (http://www.maaximus.eu/).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{824ZS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000295241300027}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000296954100008,
+Author = {Kim, Nak-Hyun and Oh, Chang-Sik and Kim, Yun-Jae and Yoon, Kee-Bong and
+ Ma, Young-Hwa},
+Title = {{Comparison of fracture strain based ductile failure simulation with
+ experimental results}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{88}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{434-447}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper provides experimental validation of the approach for
+ simulating ductile failure using finite element methods, recently
+ proposed by the authors. The proposed method is based on a
+ phenomenological stress-modified fracture strain model. Incremental
+ damage is defined by the ratio of the plastic strain increment to the
+ fracture strain, and total damage is calculated using linear summation.
+ When the accumulated damage becomes unity, all stress components at the
+ finite element gauss point are reduced to a small value to simulate
+ progressive failure. The proposed method is validated against four
+ experimental data sets of cracked specimens made of three different
+ materials. Despite the simplicity of the proposed method, the simulated
+ results agree well with experimental data for all cases considered,
+ providing sufficient confidence in the use of the proposed method to
+ simulate ductile failure. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kim, YJ (Reprint Author), Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
+ Kim, Nak-Hyun; Oh, Chang-Sik; Kim, Yun-Jae, Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
+ Yoon, Kee-Bong; Ma, Young-Hwa, Chung Ang Univ, Seoul 156756, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijpvp.2011.07.006}},
+ISSN = {{0308-0161}},
+Keywords = {{Ductile fracture simulation; Experimental validation; Finite element
+ analysis; Stress-modified fracture strain}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COHESIVE ZONE PARAMETERS; HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; PIPELINE-STEEL;
+ CRACK-GROWTH; WIDE PLATES; RESISTANCE CURVES; VOID NUCLEATION; PLASTIC
+ SOLIDS; MODEL; SPECIMENS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{kimy0308@korea.ac.kr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Engineering Research Center {[}2009-0063170]; Korea Science \&
+ Engineering Foundation; New \& Renewable Energy of the Korea Institute
+ of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning {[}20101020300710]; Korea
+ government Ministry of Knowledge Economy}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research is supported by Engineering Research Center (No.
+ 2009-0063170), funded by Korea Science \& Engineering Foundation and by
+ the New \& Renewable Energy of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology
+ Evaluation and Planning (No. 20101020300710) grant funded by the Korea
+ government Ministry of Knowledge Economy.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{847EG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000296954100008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000290547900001,
+Author = {Brown, E. N.},
+Title = {{Use of the tapered double-cantilever beam geometry for fracture
+ toughness measurements and its application to the quantification of
+ self-healing}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{167-186}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The successful invention of self-healing polymer composites a decade ago
+ necessitated a methodology to quantify the ability of the material to
+ heal and recover structural properties following damage. Healing
+ efficiency was defined as the ratio of healed to virgin fracture
+ toughness, eta = K-IChealed/K-ICvirgin. Early work took advantage of the
+ crack length independence offered by a tapered double-cantilever beam
+ (TDCB) fracture geometry to simplify calculation of healing efficiency
+ to the ratio of healed to virgin critical loads, eta =
+ P-Chealed/P-Cvirgin. The current work investigates the application of
+ the TDCB geometry and three common geometries utilized in the broader
+ fracture literature (the compact tension (CT), single-edge notch bend
+ (SENB), and single-edge notch tension (SENT) geometries) to the
+ measurement of healing efficiency. While the TDCB geometry simplifies
+ the calculation of healing efficiency because the crack lengths do not
+ need to be accounted for, it is shown that if the virgin and healed
+ crack lengths are not accurately accounted when using the CT, SENB, and
+ SENT geometries, errors in calculated healing efficiency can be several
+ hundred per cent. The TDCB geometry is reviewed at length, including the
+ underlying theory and experimental calibration and validation of TDCB
+ geometry.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Brown, EN (Reprint Author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
+ Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/0309324710396018}},
+ISSN = {{0309-3247}},
+EISSN = {{2041-3130}},
+Keywords = {{fracture toughness; tapered double-cantilever beam; TDCB; self-healing;
+ autonomic healing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MICROCAPSULE-TOUGHENED EPOXY; OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION;
+ FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; MEMORY ALLOY WIRES; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE
+ PTFE; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; POLYMERS; PERFORMANCE; DICYCLOPENTADIENE;
+ SPECIMENS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization
+ \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{en\_brown@lanl.gov}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{DoD/DOE; NSF; AFOSR}},
+Funding-Text = {{The author would like to express profound gratitude to Professor N. R.
+ Sottos and Professor S. R. White, who supported early elements of this
+ work and seeded many of the ideas that culminate in this paper, also to
+ Professor M. R. Kessler for early discussions of TDCB and WTDCB
+ geometries. The author would also like to thank the Journal of Strain
+ Analysis for Engineering Design, its Editor Professor E. A. Patterson,
+ and the Society for Experimental Mechanics for acknowledging the
+ author's work with the inaugural JSA Young Investigator Lecturer in
+ 2009, for which the final ideas for the current work were solidified.
+ The Joint DoD/DOE Munitions Program, NSF, and AFOSR financially
+ supported elements of this work. Portions of this work were conducted at
+ Los Alamos National Laboratory, operated by Los Alamos National
+ Security, LCC for the US Department of Energy NNSA.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{72}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{763HZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000290547900001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000288236300015,
+Author = {Gastaldi, D. and Sassi, V. and Petrini, L. and Vedani, M. and Trasatti,
+ S. and Migliavacca, F.},
+Title = {{Continuum damage model for bioresorbable magnesium alloy devices -
+ Application to coronary stents}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{4}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{352-365}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The main drawback of a conventional stenting procedure is the high risk
+ of restenosis. The idea of a stent that ``disappears{''} after having
+ fulfilled its mission is very intriguing and fascinating, since it can
+ be expected that the stent mass decreases in time to allow the gradual
+ transmission of the mechanical load to the surrounding tissues owing to
+ controlled dissolution by corrosion. Magnesium and its alloys are
+ appealing materials for designing biodegradable stents.
+ The objective of this work is to develop, in a finite element framework,
+ a model of magnesium degradation that is able to predict the corrosion
+ rate, thus providing a valuable tool for the design of bioresorbable
+ stents. Continuum damage mechanics is suitable for modeling several
+ damage mechanisms, including different types of corrosion. In this
+ study, the damage is assumed to be the superposition of stress corrosion
+ and uniform microgalvanic corrosion processes. The former describes the
+ stress-mediated localization of the corrosion attack through a
+ stress-dependent evolution law, while the latter affects the free
+ surface of the material exposed to an aggressive environment.
+ Comparisons with experimental tests show that the developed model can
+ reproduce the behavior of different magnesium alloys subjected to static
+ corrosion tests. The study shows that parameter identification for a
+ correct calibration of the model response on the results of uniform and
+ stress corrosion experimental tests is reachable. Moreover,
+ three-dimensional stenting procedures accounting for interaction with
+ the arterial vessel are simulated, and it is shown how the proposed
+ modeling approach gives the possibility of accounting for the combined
+ effects of an aggressive environment and mechanical loading. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gastaldi, D (Reprint Author), Politecn Milan, Dept Struct Engn, Lab Biol Struct Mech, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Gastaldi, D.; Sassi, V.; Petrini, L.; Migliavacca, F., Politecn Milan, Dept Struct Engn, Lab Biol Struct Mech, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Vedani, M., Politecn Milan, Dept Mech, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Trasatti, S., Univ Milan, Dept Phys Chem \& Electrochem, I-20122 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.11.003}},
+ISSN = {{1751-6161}},
+Keywords = {{Bioresorbable stent; Degradable metals; Continuum damage model;
+ Magnesium alloys; Corrosion; Biomaterials; FEM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; SIROLIMUS-ELUTING
+ STENTS; IN-VIVO CORROSION; BIODEGRADABLE STENTS; BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY;
+ SODIUM-CHLORIDE; ARTERY DISEASE; METAL STENTS; BARE-METAL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials}},
+Author-Email = {{dario.gastaldi@polimi.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Migliavacca, Francesco/F-6424-2013
+ Gastaldi, Dario/F-9510-2013
+ Trasatti, Stefano/R-4592-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Migliavacca, Francesco/0000-0003-4644-630X
+ Gastaldi, Dario/0000-0001-5660-0783
+ Trasatti, Stefano/0000-0002-5456-4376}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Politecnico di Milano; Italian Institute of Technology (IIT, Genoa);
+ Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Politecnico di
+ Milano through the project 5xMille, Italian Institute of Technology
+ (IIT, Genoa) and Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{733BV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000288236300015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000285479600004,
+Author = {Aragao, Francisco Thiago S. and Kim, Yong-Rak and Lee, Junghun and
+ Allen, David H.},
+Title = {{Micromechanical Model for Heterogeneous Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
+ Subjected to Fracture Failure}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{30-38}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Cracking is a main source of structural distress in asphalt materials
+ and asphaltic pavements. To predict crack-associated fracture damage in
+ asphalt mixtures, this study presents a model using the finite-element
+ method and a cohesive zone fracture model. The approach allows advanced
+ characterization of the microstructural damage evolution in a more
+ realistic length scale, the mixture heterogeneity, the inelastic
+ material behavior, and the interactions among mixture constituents. The
+ model presented herein accounts for (1) actual mixture heterogeneity by
+ using digital image techniques; (2) inelastic material behavior based on
+ elastic-viscoelastic constitutive relations; and (3) microscale fracture
+ damage represented by the cohesive zone fracture model. A computational
+ modeling framework is presented, and the applicability of the model is
+ demonstrated through simulations. Model simulations are further analyzed
+ by comparing numerical predictions to laboratory test results and by
+ conducting parametric analyses of fracture properties. It is expected
+ that the successfully developed computational model can provide better
+ insights into the effect of mixture constituents on overall mixture
+ performance, while minimizing modeling efforts and producing more
+ accurate simulations than traditional approaches, with significant
+ savings in experimental costs and time.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kim, YR (Reprint Author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
+ Aragao, Francisco Thiago S.; Kim, Yong-Rak, Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
+ Allen, David H., Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000004}},
+ISSN = {{0899-1561}},
+Keywords = {{Asphalt concrete; Heterogeneity; Viscoelasticity; Fracture; Cohesive
+ zone}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; COHESIVE ZONE MODEL; CRACK-PROPAGATION; DAMAGE;
+ SIMULATION; FATIGUE; METAL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Federal Highway Administration/Western Research Institute/Texas A\&M
+ Research Foundation}},
+Funding-Text = {{The writers are grateful for the support received from the Federal
+ Highway Administration/Western Research Institute/Texas A\&M Research
+ Foundation.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Civ. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{696ZJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000285479600004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000294684100016,
+Author = {Sharma, Vinay and Chattopadhyaya, Somnath and Hloch, Sergej},
+Title = {{Multi response optimization of process parameters based on Taguchi-Fuzzy
+ model for coal cutting by water jet technology}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{56}},
+Number = {{9-12}},
+Pages = {{1019-1025}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{The process of material cutting and fracture by high velocity water jets
+ is a complex series of phenomena which may involve compression, tension,
+ shear, erosion, wears, cracking, wave propagation, and cavitations
+ damage. This makes the exact analysis of the jet cutting process to be
+ very complicated. The problem of water jet coal cutting is a
+ multiresponse problem. There are two output variables, depth of cut and
+ cutting width whose optimization will result in the increase in the
+ productivity of coal cutting. In this paper, a Taguchi-Fuzzy decision
+ method has been used to determine the effective process parameters for
+ improving the productivity of coal mines. The Taguchi method of
+ experimental design is a widely accepted technique used for producing
+ high quality products at low cost. The optimization of multiple
+ responses in complex processes is common; therefore, to reduce the
+ degree of uncertainty during the decision making, fuzzy rule-based
+ reasoning was integrated with the Taguchi loss function.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER LONDON LTD}},
+Address = {{236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hloch, S (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Kosice Seat Presov, Fac Mfg Technol, Dept Mfg Management, Presov 08001, Slovakia.
+ Hloch, Sergej, Tech Univ Kosice Seat Presov, Fac Mfg Technol, Dept Mfg Management, Presov 08001, Slovakia.
+ Sharma, Vinay, Birla Inst Technol, Dept Prod Engn, Ranchi 835215, Bihar, India.
+ Chattopadhyaya, Somnath, Indian Sch Mines, Dept ME \& MME, Dhanbad 835215, Bihar, India.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00170-011-3258-x}},
+ISSN = {{0268-3768}},
+Keywords = {{Water jet; Coal cutting; Taguchi techniques; Fuzzy logic; Productivity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PERFORMANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Automation \& Control Systems; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Automation \& Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing}},
+Author-Email = {{somuismu@gmail.com
+ sergej.hloch@tuke.sk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hloch, Sergej/G-7727-2012
+ Chattopadhyaya, Somnath/K-7101-2012
+ SHARMA, VINAY/L-9175-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hloch, Sergej/0000-0003-4066-0620
+ Chattopadhyaya, Somnath/0000-0002-6814-7936
+ SHARMA, VINAY/0000-0003-3738-6317}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{817OQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000294684100016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000282242300023,
+Author = {Aid, A. and Amrouche, A. and Bouiadjra, B. Bachir and Benguediab, M. and
+ Mesmacque, G.},
+Title = {{Fatigue life prediction under variable loading based on a new damage
+ model}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS \& DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{32}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{183-191}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{To examine the performance of nonlinear models proposed in the
+ estimation of fatigue damage and fatigue life of components under random
+ loading, a batch of specimens made of 6082 T 6 aluminium alloy has been
+ studied and some of the results are reported in the present paper. The
+ paper describes an algorithm and suggests a fatigue cumulative damage
+ model, especially when random loading is considered. This paper contains
+ the results of mono-axial random load fatigue tests with different mean
+ and amplitude values performed on 6082 T 6 aluminium alloy specimens.
+ Cycles were counted with rainflow algorithm and damage was cumulated
+ with a new model proposed in this paper and with the Palmgren-Miner
+ model. The proposed model has been formulated to take into account the
+ damage evolution at different load levels and it allows the effect of
+ the loading sequence to be included by means of a recurrence formula
+ derived for multilevel loading, considering complex load sequences. It
+ is concluded that a `damaged stress interaction damage rule' proposed
+ here allows a better fatigue damage prediction than the widely used
+ Palmgren-Miner rule, and a formula derived in random fatigue could be
+ used to predict the fatigue damage and fatigue lifetime very easily. The
+ results obtained by the model are compared with the experimental results
+ and those calculated by the most fatigue damage model used in fatigue
+ (Miner's model). The comparison shows that the proposed model, presents
+ a good estimation of the experimental results. Moreover, the error is
+ minimized in comparison to the Miner's model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Aid, A (Reprint Author), Univ Lille 1, Lab Mecan Lille, CNRS, UMR 8107, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Aid, A.; Amrouche, A.; Mesmacque, G., Univ Lille 1, Lab Mecan Lille, CNRS, UMR 8107, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Aid, A., Univ Mascara, Lab LPQ3M, Mascara, Algeria.
+ Bouiadjra, B. Bachir; Benguediab, M., Univ Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes, LMPM, Dept Mech Engn, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria.
+ Bouiadjra, B. Bachir, King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Mech Engn, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.matdes.2010.06.010}},
+ISSN = {{0261-3069}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4197}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue; Fracture; Failure analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE; CRACK GROWTH; MECHANICS; ALUMINUM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{aid\_abdelkrim@yahoo.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bachir Bouiadjra, Be labbes/D-3686-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bachir Bouiadjra, Be labbes/0000-0002-1925-7194
+ Benguediab, Mohamed/0000-0003-1523-2798}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{655IG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000282242300023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000294926200001,
+Author = {Burns, J. T. and Larsen, J. M. and Gangloff, R. P.},
+Title = {{Driving forces for localized corrosion-to-fatigue crack transition in
+ Al-Zn-Mg-Cu}},
+Journal = {{FATIGUE \& FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{34}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{745-773}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Research on fatigue crack formation from a corroded 7075-T651 surface
+ provides insight into the governing mechanical driving forces at
+ microstructure-scale lengths that are intermediate between safe life and
+ damage tolerant feature sizes. Crack surface marker-bands accurately
+ quantify cycles (N(i)) to form a 10-20 mu m fatigue crack emanating from
+ both an isolated pit perimeter and EXCO corroded surface. The N(i)
+ decreases with increasing-applied stress. Fatigue crack formation
+ involves a complex interaction of elastic stress concentration due to
+ three-dimensional pit macro-topography coupled with local
+ micro-topographic plastic strain concentration, further enhanced by
+ microstructure (particularly sub-surface constituents). These driving
+ force interactions lead to high variability in cycles to form a fatigue
+ crack, but from an engineering perspective, a broadly corroded surface
+ should contain an extreme group of features that are likely to drive the
+ portion of life to form a crack to near 0. At low-applied stresses,
+ crack formation can constitute a significant portion of life, which is
+ predicted by coupling macro-pit and micro-feature elastic-plastic
+ stress/strain concentrations from finite element analysis with empirical
+ low-cycle fatigue life models. The presented experimental results
+ provide a foundation to validate next-generation crack formation models
+ and prognosis methods.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Burns, JT (Reprint Author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat \& Mfg Directorate AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
+ Burns, J. T.; Larsen, J. M., USAF, Res Lab, Mat \& Mfg Directorate AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
+ Burns, J. T.; Gangloff, R. P., Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1460-2695.2011.01568.x}},
+ISSN = {{8756-758X}},
+Keywords = {{AFGROW; aluminium; corrosion fatigue; finite element analysis; fatigue
+ at notches; fatigue crack initiation; hydrogen embrittlement; life
+ prediction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR; CORRODED 2024-T3 ALUMINUM; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE;
+ HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; CONSTITUENT PARTICLES; ENVIRONMENTAL FATIGUE;
+ ASSISTED CRACKING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LIFE PREDICTION; ALLOY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{jtb5r@virginia.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{United States Air ForceResearch Laboratory (AFRL); University Corrosion
+ Collaboration; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was sponsored by the United States Air ForceResearch
+ Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, and the
+ University Corrosion Collaboration managed by the Office of the
+ Under-Secretary of Defense. Drs. John Papazian and Elias Anagnostou of
+ Northrop Grumman Corporation provided 7075-T651, as well as Northrop
+ Grumman Industry Liaison funding. Professors R. G. Kelly and J.R. Scully
+ in the Center for Electrochemical Science and Engineering at the
+ University of Virginia guided the controlled pit experiments. Messrs
+ Phil Blosser and Mark Ruddell assisted with fatigue experiments at AFRL.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{114}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{47}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{820SR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000294926200001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000298128100011,
+Author = {Klimov, N. and Podkovyrov, V. and Zhitlukhin, A. and Kovalenko, D. and
+ Linke, J. and Pintsuk, G. and Landman, I. and Pestchanyi, S. and
+ Bazylev, B. and Janeschitz, G. and Loarte, A. and Merola, M. and Hirai,
+ T. and Federici, G. and Riccardi, B. and Mazul, I. and Giniyatulin, R.
+ and Khimchenko, L. and Koidan, V.},
+Title = {{Experimental study of PFCs erosion and eroded material deposition under
+ ITER-like transient loads at the plasma gun facility QSPA-T}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{415}},
+Number = {{1, S}},
+Pages = {{S59-S64}},
+Month = {{AUG 1}},
+Note = {{19th International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in
+ Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI), Univ Calif, Gen Atom, San Diego, CA,
+ MAY 24-28, 2010}},
+Organization = {{Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab}},
+Abstract = {{The paper concerns experimental investigations of plasma facing
+ components erosion under the plasma heat loads expected in ITER divertor
+ during transient events such as the Type I Edge-Localized Modes and the
+ disruptions. The experiments were carried out at the TRINITI plasma gun
+ QSPA-T. The carbon fiber composite and tungsten macrobrush targets
+ designed for ITER were exposed to multiple plasma pulses of duration 0.5
+ ms and deposited energy in the range of 0.2-2.5 MJ/m(2). Between some of
+ the pulses the eroded surface was analyzed with profilometric
+ measurements and electron microscopy. The CFC erosion is determined
+ mainly by damages to the PAN-fibers. While the energy increases from 0.2
+ to 2.4 MJ/m(2) the removed layer of PAN-fibers area increases from 0.01
+ to 10 mu m per pulse. The erosion of tungsten (pure and lanthanum
+ oxide-doped tungsten) is shown to be determined mainly by crack
+ formation, melt layer movement and droplets ejection. (C) 2011 Elsevier
+ B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Klimov, N (Reprint Author), SRC RF TRINITI, Pushkovykh St 12, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia.
+ Klimov, N.; Podkovyrov, V.; Zhitlukhin, A.; Kovalenko, D., SRC RF TRINITI, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia.
+ Linke, J.; Pintsuk, G., Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
+ Landman, I.; Pestchanyi, S.; Bazylev, B.; Janeschitz, G., Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
+ Loarte, A.; Merola, M.; Hirai, T., ITER Org, F-13108 Cadarache, France.
+ Federici, G.; Riccardi, B., Fus Energy, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
+ Mazul, I.; Giniyatulin, R., Efremov Inst, St Petersburg 196641, Russia.
+ Khimchenko, L.; Koidan, V., RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.013}},
+ISSN = {{0022-3115}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DIVERTOR ARMOR MATERIALS; CARBON-FIBER COMPOSITES; HIGH HEAT-FLUX;
+ SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS; CONSEQUENCES; ACCELERATORS; DISRUPTIONS; DAMAGE;
+ ELMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Nuclear Science \& Technology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science \& Technology}},
+Author-Email = {{klimov@triniti.su
+ g.pintsuk@fz-juelich.de}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Pintsuk, Gerald/0000-0001-5552-5427}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Nucl. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{862XT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000298128100011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000287900700049,
+Author = {Campilho, R. D. S. G. and Banea, M. D. and Chaves, F. J. P. and da
+ Silva, L. F. M.},
+Title = {{eXtended Finite Element Method for fracture characterization of adhesive
+ joints in pure mode I}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{50}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{1543-1549}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Note = {{19th International Workshop on Computational Mechanics of Materials
+ (IWCMM 19), Ovidius Univ Constanta, Constanta, ROMANIA, SEP 01-04, 2009}},
+Abstract = {{Adhesive-bonding for the unions in structures is gaining momentum over
+ welding, riveting and fastening. It is vital for the design of bonded
+ structures the availability of reliable damage models to predict their
+ fracture behaviour. Cohesive Zone Models (CZM's) have been extensively
+ used in the past, taking advantage of traction-separation laws between
+ stresses and relative displacements to simulate crack growth along
+ predefined paths. The eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a recent
+ improvement of the Finite Element Method (FEM) that relies on damage
+ laws based on the bulk strength of materials for damage initiation and
+ strain for the assessment of failure, rather than the tipping tractions
+ and tensile/shear relative displacements used for the CZM's. Compared to
+ the FEM, XFEM excels in allowing discontinuities to grow within bulk
+ solids along an arbitrary path. This work aims to assess the viability
+ of the XFEM to predict the fracture behaviour of a thin layer of
+ adhesive between stiff and compliant adherends. To build the XFEM damage
+ laws, the fracture toughness in pure mode I (G(Ic)) and tensile cohesive
+ strength (sigma(0)(n)) of the two adhesives were initially determined by
+ Double-Cantilever Beam (DCB) and bulk tensile tests, respectively.
+ Particular emphasis was given to G(Ic), as this is the most influent
+ parameter for the numerical predictions. The numerical simulations of
+ the DCB tests with the proposed laws matched accurately the experimental
+ load-displacement (P-delta) curves, which validated the analysis
+ procedure. The accuracy of the data reduction methods for calculation of
+ G(Ic) was checked by comparison of the input values in the simulations
+ with the results of G(Ic) calculations, with good results. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Campilho, RDSG (Reprint Author), Inst Super Engn Porto, Dept Engn Mecan, Rua Dr Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Campilho, R. D. S. G., Inst Super Engn Porto, Dept Engn Mecan, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Campilho, R. D. S. G., Univ Lusofona Porto, Fac Econ \& Gestao, P-4000098 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Banea, M. D.; Chaves, F. J. P.; da Silva, L. F. M., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mecan, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.12.012}},
+ISSN = {{0927-0256}},
+Keywords = {{Bonded joints; eXtended Finite Element Method; Fracture toughness;
+ Experimental testing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COHESIVE DAMAGE MODEL; SINGLE-LAP JOINT; CRACK-GROWTH;
+ COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; BONDED JOINTS; ZONE MODEL; FAILURE; BEHAVIOR;
+ PREDICTION; MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{raulcampilho@gmail.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Banea, Mariana Doina/C-3929-2014
+ da Silva, Lucas/B-6139-2013
+ Banea, Mariana/O-8231-2016
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Banea, Mariana Doina/0000-0002-8378-2292
+ da Silva, Lucas/0000-0003-3272-4591
+ Banea, Mariana/0000-0002-8378-2292
+ Chaves, Filipe/0000-0001-6539-4213
+ Campilho, Raul/0000-0003-4167-4434}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{728UT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287900700049}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000287466300018,
+Author = {Tang, S. Y. and Vashishth, D.},
+Title = {{The relative contributions of non-enzymatic glycation and cortical
+ porosity on the fracture toughness of aging bone}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Number = {{2, SI}},
+Pages = {{330-336}},
+Month = {{JAN 11}},
+Abstract = {{The risk of fracture increases with age due to the decline of bone mass
+ and bone quality. One of the age-related changes in bone quality occurs
+ through the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation
+ end-products (AGEs) due to non-enzymatic glycation (NEG). However as a
+ number of other changes including increased porosity occur with age and
+ affect bone fragility, the relative contribution of AGEs on the fracture
+ resistance of aging bone is unknown. Using a high-resolution nonlinear
+ finite element model that incorporate cohesive elements and
+ micro-computed tomography-based 3d meshes, we investigated the
+ contribution of AGEs and cortical porosity on the fracture toughness of
+ human bone. The results show that NEG caused a 52\% reduction in
+ propagation fracture toughness (R-curve slope). The combined effects of
+ porosity and AGEs resulted in an 88\% reduction in propagation
+ toughness. These findings are consistent with previous experimental
+ results. The model captured the age-related changes in the R-curve
+ toughening by incorporating bone quantity and bone quality changes, and
+ these simulations demonstrate the ability of the cohesive models to
+ account for the irreversible dynamic crack growth processes affected by
+ the changes in post-yield material behavior. By decoupling the
+ matrix-level effects due to NEG and intracortical porosity, we are able
+ to directly determine the effects of NEG on fracture toughness. The
+ outcome of this study suggests that it may be important to include the
+ age-related changes in the material level properties by using finite
+ element analysis towards the prediction of fracture risk. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vashishth, D (Reprint Author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Biomed Engn, Ctr Biotechnol \& Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
+ Tang, S. Y.; Vashishth, D., Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Biomed Engn, Ctr Biotechnol \& Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.016}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9290}},
+Keywords = {{Non-enzymatic glycation; Fracture mechanics; Microcrack-based
+ toughening; Finite element modeling; Cortical bone}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH-RESISTANCE; COHESIVE FINITE-ELEMENT; COLLAGEN
+ CROSS-LINKING; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; DAMAGE
+ MORPHOLOGY; CANCELLOUS BONE; AGE; FRAGILITY; MICRODAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Biophysics; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical}},
+Author-Email = {{vashid@rpi.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Tang, Simon/0000-0002-5570-3921}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NIA NIH HHS {[}AG20618, R01 AG020618, R01 AG020618-05]; NIAMS NIH HHS
+ {[}AR059497, F32 AR059497]}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Biomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{722WP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287466300018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000292438200009,
+Author = {Latourte, Felix and Gregoire, David and Zenkert, Dan and Wei, Xiaoding
+ and Espinosa, Horacio D.},
+Title = {{Failure mechanisms in composite panels subjected to underwater impulsive
+ loads}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{1623-1646}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This work examines the performance of composite panels when subjected to
+ underwater impulsive loads. The scaled fluid-structure experimental
+ methodology developed by Espinosa and co-workers was employed. Failure
+ modes, damage mechanisms and their distributions were identified and
+ quantified for composite monolithic and sandwich panels subjected to
+ typical blast loadings. The temporal evolutions of panel deflection and
+ center deflection histories were obtained from shadow Moire fringes
+ acquired in real time by means of high speed photography. A linear
+ relationship of zero intercept between peak center deflections versus
+ applied impulse per areal mass was obtained for composite monolithic
+ panels. For composite sandwich panels, the relationship between maximum
+ center deflection versus applied impulse per areal mass was found to be
+ approximately bilinear but with a higher slope. Performance improvement
+ of sandwich versus monolithic composite panels was, therefore,
+ established specially at sufficiently high impulses per areal mass
+ (I(0)/(M) over bar > 170 m s(-1)). Severe failure was observed in solid
+ panels subjected to impulses per areal mass larger than 300 m s(-1).
+ Extensive fiber fracture occurred in the center of the panels, where
+ cracks formed a cross pattern through the plate thickness and
+ delamination was very extensive on the sample edges due to bending
+ effects. Similar levels of damage were observed in sandwich panels but
+ at much higher impulses per areal mass. The experimental work reported
+ in this paper encompasses not only characterization of the dynamic
+ performance of monolithic and sandwich panels but also post-mortem
+ characterization by means of both non-destructive and microscopy
+ techniques. The spatial distribution of delamination and matrix cracking
+ were quantified, as a function of applied impulse, in both monolithic
+ and sandwich panels. The extent of core crushing was also quantified in
+ the case of sandwich panels. The quantified variables represent ideal
+ metrics against which model predictive capabilities can be assessed. (C)
+ 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Espinosa, HD (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Latourte, Felix; Gregoire, David; Wei, Xiaoding; Espinosa, Horacio D., Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Zenkert, Dan, KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2011.04.013}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{Composite materials; Fluid-structure interaction; Dynamic failure;
+ Delamination; Blast}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{METAL SANDWICH PLATES; BLAST LOADS; PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES; LAMINATED
+ COMPOSITES; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; FIBER COMPOSITES; DAMAGE EVOLUTION;
+ E-GLASS; DEFORMATION; IMPACT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{espinosa@northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009
+ Gregoire, David/A-2285-2012
+ Latourte, Felix/C-9607-2009
+ Wei, Xiaoding/A-9952-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Gregoire, David/0000-0003-4313-460X
+ Wei, Xiaoding/0000-0002-5173-4923
+ Zenkert, Dan/0000-0002-9744-4550}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Office of Naval Research (ONR) {[}N00014-08-1-1055]; French Ministry of
+ Defense (DGA/D4S) {[}0860021]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was carried out under the financial support of the Office
+ of Naval Research (ONR) under grant number N00014-08-1-1055. The support
+ and encouragement provided by Dr. Rajapakse through the study is greatly
+ appreciated. D. Gregoire is grateful to the French Ministry of Defense
+ (DGA/D4S) for its support through Grant no. 0860021 to visit
+ Northwestern University as a research associate. We acknowledge Alex Ray
+ at Sonoscan Inc. for conducting the pulse-echo C-scan measurements.
+ Special thanks go to Arnaud Blouin for the assistance provided to set up
+ and conduct the Fluid-Structure Interaction experiments during his
+ Northwestern internship.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{53}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{788II}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000292438200009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000291484300008,
+Author = {Boyce, Brad L. and Padilla, II, Henry A.},
+Title = {{Anomalous Fatigue Behavior and Fatigue-Induced Grain Growth in
+ Nanocrystalline Nickel Alloys}},
+Journal = {{METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
+ MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{42A}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1793-1804}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Fatigue failure due to repetitive loading of metallic devices is a
+ pervasive engineering concern. The present work reveals extraordinary
+ fatigue resistance in nanocrystalline (NC) alloys, which appears to be
+ associated with the small (< 100 nm) grain size inhibiting traditional
+ cyclic damage processes. In this study, we examine the fatigue
+ performance of three electrodeposited NC Ni-based metals: Ni, Ni-0.5Mn,
+ and Ni-22Fe (PERMALLOY). When subjected to fatigue stresses at and above
+ the tensile yield strength where conventional coarse-grained (CG)
+ counterparts undergo low-cycle fatigue failure (< 10(4) cycles to
+ failure), these alloys exhibit exceptional fatigue lives (in some cases,
+ > 10(7) cycles to failure). Postmortem examinations show that failed
+ samples contain an aggregate of coarsened grains at the crack initiation
+ site. The experimental data and accompanying microscopy suggest that the
+ NC matrix undergoes abnormal grain growth during cyclic loading,
+ allowing dislocation activity to persist over length scales necessary to
+ initiate a fatigue crack by traditional fatigue mechanisms. Thus, the
+ present observations demonstrate anomalous fatigue behavior in two
+ regards: (1) quantitatively anomalous when considering the extremely
+ high stress levels needed to drive fatigue failure and (2)
+ mechanistically anomalous in light of the grain growth process that
+ appears to be a necessary precursor to crack initiation.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Boyce, BL (Reprint Author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci \& Engn Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
+ Boyce, Brad L.; Padilla, Henry A., II, Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci \& Engn Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11661-011-0708-x}},
+ISSN = {{1073-5623}},
+EISSN = {{1543-1940}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BOUNDARY MOTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION;
+ ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; METALS; COPPER; NI; MICROSTRUCTURE;
+ SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{blboyce@sandia.gov}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
+ Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; United States Department
+ of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
+ {[}DE-AC04-94AL85000]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors thank Drs. T. R Christensen and S. H. Goods for supplying
+ the various electroplated alloys used in this investigation, as well as
+ Dr. E. A. Holm for helpful discussions and guidance regarding grain
+ growth phenomenon. The authors also thank Dr. P. G. Kotula, Dr. B. G.
+ Clark, Dr. J.R. Michael, M. Rye, and B. McKenzie for electron microscopy
+ support, as well as Dr. M. Rodriguez for XRD support. This work was
+ performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a
+ United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
+ user facility. This work was funded by the United States Department of
+ Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences
+ and Engineering. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia
+ Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department
+ of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No.
+ DE-AC04-94AL85000.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{65}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{69}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{775SS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000291484300008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000290071800010,
+Author = {Hu, Guangli and Ramesh, K. T. and Cao, Buyang and McCauley, J. W.},
+Title = {{The compressive failure of aluminum nitride considered as a model
+ advanced ceramic}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{1076-1093}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Uniaxial quasi-static compression, uniaxial dynamic compression and
+ confined dynamic compression experiments were performed to characterize
+ the failure of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) using a servo hydraulic machine
+ and a modified Kolsky bar set-up respectively. High-speed digital
+ cameras are used to visualize the failure processes. A summary of the
+ available experimental results, including that in the literature, shows
+ that the compressive strength of the AIN is sensitive to strain rate in
+ the range from 10(-3) to 10(3) s(-1), that the deviatoric strength of
+ AIN is linearly dependent on pressure at low pressures and nearly
+ independent of pressure above a transitional pressure (about 2 GPa). TEM
+ characterization of fragments obtained after dynamic loading is used to
+ characterize the deformation mechanisms in the AIN for varying
+ confinement. The transition in the pressure dependent behavior is shown
+ to be the result of a change of deformation mechanism. Classical wing
+ crack micromechanics is used to predict the transition in the
+ deformation mechanism, and to explain the observed behavior at low
+ pressure. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ramesh, KT (Reprint Author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
+ Hu, Guangli; Ramesh, K. T.; Cao, Buyang, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
+ McCauley, J. W., USA, Weap \& Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21078 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2011.02.003}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{AlN; Dynamic; Confining stress; Failure envelop; Deformation mechanism}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-STRAIN RATE; BRITTLE SOLIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION;
+ DYNAMIC FRAGMENTATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; LATERAL CONFINEMENT;
+ CRACK-GROWTH; DAMAGE MODEL; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{ramesh@jhu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hu, Guangli/F-2461-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hu, Guangli/0000-0003-4751-1628}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Army Research Laboratory under ARMAC-RTP {[}DAAD19-01-2-0003,
+ W911NF-06-2-0006]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was performed under the auspices of the Center for Advanced
+ Metallic and Ceramic Systems (CAMCS) at the Johns Hopkins University,
+ supported by the Army Research Laboratory under the ARMAC-RTP
+ Cooperative Agreement Nos. DAAD19-01-2-0003 and W911NF-06-2-0006.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{65}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{757FV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000290071800010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000295503900006,
+Author = {Yan, Yinzhou and Li, Lin and Sezer, Kursad and Wang, Wei and Whitehead,
+ David and Ji, Lingfei and Bao, Yong and Jiang, Yijian},
+Title = {{CO2 laser underwater machining of deep cavities in alumina}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{15}},
+Pages = {{2793-2807}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{A method for crack-free machining of deep cavity in alumina is
+ demonstrated using a low-cost CO2 continuous wave (CW) laser. CO2 laser
+ underwater machining has been found to result in reducing substrate
+ defects such as recast layer, dross, cracking and heat damages that are
+ typically found in machining in air. Finite Element (FE) modelling
+ technique and Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) modelling technique
+ were employed to understand the effect of water on crack resistance and
+ debris removal during underwater machining. Also the microstructures of
+ machined region were demonstrated to reveal different heating and
+ cooling processes during laser machining in water and in air. The
+ experimental results indicated that the machined kerf width was strongly
+ affected by the water layer thickness, whereas the kerf depth was
+ controlled by both the laser pass number and water layer thickness. The
+ optimal average machining rate was up to 2.95 mm(3)/min at a 60W laser
+ power. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, L (Reprint Author), Univ Manchester, Laser Proc Res Ctr, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
+ Yan, Yinzhou; Li, Lin; Sezer, Kursad; Wang, Wei; Whitehead, David, Univ Manchester, Laser Proc Res Ctr, Sch Mech Aerosp \& Civil Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
+ Yan, Yinzhou; Ji, Lingfei; Bao, Yong; Jiang, Yijian, Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Laser Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.06.015}},
+ISSN = {{0955-2219}},
+Keywords = {{Al2O3; Milling; Defects; Structural integrity; Laser machining; Finite
+ element modelling (FEM); Smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; Y-TZP CERAMICS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION;
+ STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; AL2O3 CERAMICS; LASER; WATER; GLASS; CRACKLESS;
+ FEATURES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Ceramics}},
+Author-Email = {{Lin.li@manchester.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{sezer, Huseyin Kursad/C-1335-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{sezer, Huseyin Kursad/0000-0003-4649-7983}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of technology;
+ National Science Foundation of China {[}50875006]; Beijing Municipal
+ Commission of Education {[}KM200810005006]; Beijing Natural Science
+ Foundation {[}2082005]; Beijing Nova Program {[}2006B11]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge the support offered by Institute of Laser
+ Engineering, Beijing University of technology and the joint support of
+ National Science Foundation of China (50875006), Scientific Research
+ Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education
+ (KM200810005006), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2082005), and
+ Beijing Nova Program (2006B11).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{828MA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000295503900006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000293202100002,
+Author = {Ayoub, G. and Nait-Abdelaziz, M. and Zairi, F. and Gloaguen, J. M. and
+ Charrier, P.},
+Title = {{A continuum damage model for the high-cycle fatigue life prediction of
+ styrene-butadiene rubber under multiaxial loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{18}},
+Pages = {{2458-2466}},
+Month = {{SEP 1}},
+Abstract = {{In the present contribution, the relationship between the fatigue life
+ of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and the stretch amplitude was
+ established. Focusing on the multiaxial loading effect on the life
+ duration of SBR, experimental tests were conducted using cylindrical
+ specimens subjected to tension and torsion loadings under constant and
+ variable amplitudes. Based upon the continuum damage mechanics approach,
+ a three-dimensional model was derived and coupled with the cracking
+ energy density criterion to predict the fatigue life of SBR. The
+ capabilities of the model, which requires only three damage parameters
+ to be identified, were analysed and a good agreement between predicted
+ values and experimental data were clearly highlighted for tension and
+ torsion loadings both in constant and variable amplitudes. (C) 2011
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nait-Abdelaziz, M (Reprint Author), Univ Lille Nord France, F-59000 Lille, France.
+ Ayoub, G.; Nait-Abdelaziz, M.; Zairi, F.; Gloaguen, J. M., Univ Lille Nord France, F-59000 Lille, France.
+ Ayoub, G.; Nait-Abdelaziz, M.; Zairi, F., Univ Lille 1 Sci \& Technol, CNRS, LML, UMR 8107, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Gloaguen, J. M., Univ Lille 1 Sci \& Technol, CNRS, UMR 8207, UMET, F-59650 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Charrier, P., Soc Modyn, Serv Rech \& Innovat, Grp Trelleborg, F-44474 Carquefou, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.04.003}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{Elastomeric-like materials; Multiaxial fatigue life prediction;
+ Continuum damage mechanics; Cracking energy density}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK INITIATION; NATURAL-RUBBER; PROPAGATION; COMPONENTS; ELASTICITY;
+ AMPLITUDE; NR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{moussa.nait-abdelaziz@polytech-lille.fr
+ fahmi.zairi@polytech-lille.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{NAIT ABDELAZIZ, Moussa/0000-0001-6541-2899}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{International Campus on Safety and Intermodality in Transportation;
+ French ministry of higher education and research}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge the International Campus on Safety
+ and Intermodality in Transportation, and the French ministry of higher
+ education and research for its financial support. They also gratefully
+ acknowledge the Trelleborg Group for providing the SBR samples.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{798JN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000293202100002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000289921000008,
+Author = {Pietropaoli, Elisa and Riccio, Aniello},
+Title = {{Formulation and assessment of an enhanced finite element procedure for
+ the analysis of delamination growth phenomena in composite structures}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{71}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{836-846}},
+Month = {{APR 12}},
+Abstract = {{An existing procedure based on the combined use of the Virtual Crack
+ Closure Technique and of a fail release approach for the analysis of
+ delamination growth phenomena in composite structures has been enhanced
+ with a front-tracing algorithm and suitable expressions for the
+ evaluation of the Strain Energy Release Rate when dealing with
+ non-smoothed delamination fronts. The enhanced procedure has been
+ implemented into a commercial finite element software by means of user
+ subroutines and applied to the analysis of a composite stiffened panel
+ with an embedded delamination under compressive load. The effectiveness
+ and robustness of the enhanced procedure have been assessed by comparing
+ literature experimental data and numerical results obtained by using
+ different mesh densities in the damaged area (global/local approach).
+ (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pietropaoli, E (Reprint Author), CIRA Italian Aerosp Res Ctr, Via Maiorise, I-81043 Capua, Italy.
+ Pietropaoli, Elisa; Riccio, Aniello, CIRA Italian Aerosp Res Ctr, I-81043 Capua, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.01.026}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Layered structures; Delamination; Buckling; Damage mechanics; Finite
+ element analysis; Damage tolerance}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-CLOSURE TECHNIQUE; STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; RELEASE RATE
+ CALCULATION; FRONT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{e.pietropaoli@cira.it
+ a.riccio@cira.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Riccio, Aniello/F-3086-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Riccio, Aniello/0000-0001-7426-6803}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Community {[}213371-MAAXIMUS]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research leading to these results has received funding from the
+ European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under
+ Grant agreement no 213371-MAAXIMUS (www.maaximus.eu.).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{4}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{755HZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000289921000008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000287786800007,
+Author = {Sangid, Michael D. and Maier, Hans J. and Sehitoglu, Huseyin},
+Title = {{An energy-based microstructure model to account for fatigue scatter in
+ polycrystals}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{595-609}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Scatter observed in the fatigue response of a nickel-based superalloy,
+ U720, is linked to the variability in the microstructure. Our approach
+ is to model the energy of a persistent slip band (PSB) structure and use
+ its stability with respect to dislocation motion as our failure
+ criterion for fatigue crack initiation. The components that contribute
+ to the energy of the PSB are identified, namely, the stress field
+ resulting from the applied external forces, dislocation pile-ups, and
+ work-hardening of the material is calculated at the continuum scale.
+ Further, energies for dislocations creating slip in the
+ matrix/precipitates, interacting with the GBs, and
+ nucleating/agglomerating within the PSB are computed via molecular
+ dynamics simulations. Through this methodology, fatigue life is
+ predicted based on the energy of the PSB, which inherently accounts for
+ the microstructure of the material. The present approach circumvents the
+ introduction of uncertainty principles in material properties. It builds
+ a framework based on mechanics of microstructure, and from this
+ framework, we construct simulated microstructures based on the measured
+ distributions of grain size, orientation, neighbor information, and
+ grain boundary character, which allows us to calculate fatigue scatter
+ using a deterministic approach. The uniqueness of the approach is that
+ it avoids the large number of parameters prevalent in previous fatigue
+ models. The predicted lives are in excellent agreement with the
+ experimental data validating the model capabilities. (C) 2010 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sangid, MD (Reprint Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci \& Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Sangid, Michael D.; Sehitoglu, Huseyin, Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci \& Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Maier, Hans J., Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Lehrstuhl Werkstoffkunde Mat Sci, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2010.12.014}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue crack initiation-life prediction; Grain boundaries;
+ Microstructures; Polycrystalline material; Energy methods; Scatter}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PERSISTENT SLIP BANDS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ANGLE GRAIN-BOUNDARIES;
+ CRACK INITIATION; TWIN BOUNDARIES; DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; PROBABILISTIC
+ METHOD; DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; CYCLIC DEFORMATION; EQUILIBRIUM SHAPE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{msangid@illinois.edu
+ huseyin@illinois.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Rolls-Royce Corporation; National Science Foundation {[}DMR 08-03270]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Support for this work was provided primarily by Rolls-Royce Corporation
+ and partially by the National Science Foundation, DMR 08-03270. The
+ authors would like to thank David Furrer and Jeffrey Stillinger from
+ Rolls-Royce Corporation for discussions on fatigue scatter.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{727GT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287786800007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000287433000019,
+Author = {Xu, Jun and Li, Yibing and Liu, Bohan and Zhu, Mengyi and Ge, Dongyun},
+Title = {{Experimental study on mechanical behavior of PVB laminated glass under
+ quasi-static and dynamic loadings}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{302-308}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Windshield is one of the most important components in automobile to
+ protect pedestrian and passenger, as well as enhance vehicle
+ crashworthiness. The most widely used material for windshield is
+ polyvinyl butyral (PVB) laminated glass. This paper uses both
+ quasi-static compression and dynamic Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB)
+ compression experiments under different strain/loading rates to
+ investigate the mechanical behavior of PVB laminated glass. Experimental
+ results show that PVB laminated glass is a strong rate-dependent
+ material with nonlinearity in its constitutive behavior under both
+ quasi-static and dynamic loading circumstances. In quasi-static cases,
+ major failure onset (MFO) strain increases with the loading rate while
+ MFO stress remains the same; however MFO strain and stress will both
+ increase in higher strain rates in dynamic loading. A constitutive model
+ covering all strain/loading rates is then established based on
+ Johnson-Cook model mathematically. Further, crack branching based on
+ crack fractal theory is investigated and an explicit expression
+ describing the crack velocity and number of crack branching is proposed.
+ In addition, dynamic stress intensify factor is calculated to be beta
+ approximate to 1.5 and an ``impact caused brittleness{''} effect in PVB
+ laminated material is discussed. Results can provide important
+ experiment data and useful model to further research on vehicle crash
+ safety. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xu, J (Reprint Author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Automot Engn, State Key Lab Automot Safety \& Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
+ Xu, Jun; Li, Yibing; Liu, Bohan; Zhu, Mengyi, Tsinghua Univ, Dept Automot Engn, State Key Lab Automot Safety \& Energy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
+ Ge, Dongyun, Tsinghua Univ, Sch Aerosp Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.10.009}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+Keywords = {{Laminates; Mechanical properties; Mechanical testing; Analytical
+ modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IMPACT; DAMAGE; MODEL; HEAD; SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{xujun06@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xu, Jun/D-2096-2009
+ Xu, Jun/B-2260-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Xu, Jun/0000-0002-8619-8737}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}10972122]; State
+ Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety \& Energy, Tsinghua University
+ {[}ZZ0800062]; Ministry of Education of China {[}20090002110082]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is financially supported by National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (NSFC) under the grant No. 10972122, State Key
+ Laboratory of Automotive Safety \& Energy, Tsinghua University under
+ grant No. ZZ0800062 and Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China
+ under grant No. 20090002110082.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{722LF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287433000019}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000286424000004,
+Author = {Amiri, M. and Naderi, M. and Khonsari, M. M.},
+Title = {{An Experimental Approach to Evaluate the Critical Damage}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{20}},
+Number = {{1, 1}},
+Pages = {{89-112}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{An experimental study has been carried out to determine the critical
+ damage parameter based on the concept of entropy flow. The fatigue
+ damage is either a cumulative process that progresses toward a maximum
+ tolerable damage, or is an irreversible progression of cyclic plastic
+ strain energy that reaches its critical value at the onset of fracture.
+ In the present study, irreversible heat dissipation in terms of entropy
+ is utilized to experimentally determine the degradation of different
+ specimens subjected to low cyclic bending fatigue. An experimental
+ correlation between entropy and damage is proposed. It is shown that the
+ cyclic energy dissipation in the form of thermodynamic entropy can be
+ effectively utilized to determine the critical damage value.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Khonsari, MM (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Amiri, M.; Naderi, M.; Khonsari, M. M., Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1056789509343082}},
+ISSN = {{1056-7895}},
+Keywords = {{fatigue damage; thermography; entropy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; CRACK INITIATION; MECHANICS; THERMODYNAMICS;
+ EVOLUTION; STRENGTH; METALS; TESTS; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Khonsari@me.lsu.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Damage Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{709FT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000286424000004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000292575500007,
+Author = {Guan, Xuefei and Jha, Ratneshwar and Liu, Yongming},
+Title = {{Model selection, updating, and averaging for probabilistic fatigue
+ damage prognosis}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL SAFETY}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{242-249}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a method for fatigue damage propagation model
+ selection, updating, and averaging using reversible jump Markov chain
+ Monte Carlo simulations. Uncertainties from model choice, model
+ parameter, and measurement are explicitly included using probabilistic
+ modeling. Response measurement data are used to perform Bayesian
+ updating to reduce the uncertainty of fatigue damage prognostics. All
+ the variables of interest, including the Bayes factors for model
+ selection, the posterior distributions of model parameters, and the
+ averaged results of system responses are obtained by one reversible jump
+ Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The overall procedure is
+ demonstrated by a numerical example and a practical fatigue problem
+ involving two fatigue crack growth models. Experimental data are used to
+ validate the performance of the method. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Liu, YM (Reprint Author), Clarkson Univ, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
+ Guan, Xuefei; Jha, Ratneshwar; Liu, Yongming, Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.strusafe.2011.03.006}},
+ISSN = {{0167-4730}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3355}},
+Keywords = {{Bayesian; Uncertainty; Reversible jump MCMC; Model selection; Model
+ updating; Model averaging; Fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-PROPAGATION; LIFE PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{guanx@clarkson.edu
+ rjha@clarkson.edu
+ yliu@clarkson.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NASA {[}NRA NNX09AY54A]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research reported in this paper was supported by the NASA ARMD/AvSP
+ IVHM project under NRA NNX09AY54A. The support is gratefully
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Saf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{790GC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000292575500007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000285901100009,
+Author = {Ougier-Simonin, Audrey and Fortin, Jerome and Gueguen, Yves and
+ Schubnel, Alexandre and Bouyer, Frederic},
+Title = {{Cracks in glass under triaxial conditions}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{1, SI}},
+Pages = {{105-121}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This experimental work documents the mechanical evolution of synthetic
+ glass (SON68) under compressive triaxial stresses (hydrostatic and
+ deviatoric conditions). The experimental setup enabled to monitor and
+ vary independently confining pressure (range: {[}0,50] MPa) and axial
+ stress (up to 680 MPa) at room temperature. An optimized set of sensors
+ allowed us to perform measurements during the experiments of: (i) axial
+ and radial deformation, (ii) P- and S-elastic wave velocities, and (iii)
+ acoustic emissions. In addition, in some samples, initial crack
+ densities up to a value of 0.24 were introduced by thermal cracking. We
+ compare the original synthetic glass data set to results obtained in the
+ same experimental conditions on thermally cracked glass and on a
+ basaltic rock with similar petrophysical properties (porosity,
+ chemistry).
+ Stress-strain data depict original linear elastic glass properties even
+ up to an axial stress of 680 MPa (under 15 MPa confining pressure). A
+ strong strength decrease (370 MPa at 15 MPa confining pressure) is
+ observed for thermally cracked samples. Elastic wave velocity data
+ highlight that cracks are mostly closed at a confining pressure of
+ similar to 30 MPa. The basaltic rock seems to correspond to an
+ intermediate state between an original and a thermally treated glass. In
+ all samples, damage was accompanied by dynamic crack propagation,
+ producing large magnitude acoustic emissions. Thanks to a continuous
+ recorder, we could locate a number of acoustic emissions in order to
+ image the microcracking pattern evolution prior to failure. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ougier-Simonin, A (Reprint Author), Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, UMR 8538, Geol Lab, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France.
+ Ougier-Simonin, Audrey; Fortin, Jerome; Gueguen, Yves; Schubnel, Alexandre, Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, UMR 8538, Geol Lab, F-75005 Paris, France.
+ Bouyer, Frederic, CEA Ctr Marcoule DTCD SECM, Bagnols Sur Ceze, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.06.026}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7225}},
+Keywords = {{Glass; Pressure; Damage; Thermal cracks; Elastic parameters}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DYNAMIC FRACTURE; WASTE GLASS; ANISOTROPY; PROPAGATION; VELOCITIES;
+ FAILURE; SOLIDS; MODEL; WAVES; ROCKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ougier@geologie.ens.fr
+ gueguen@geologie.ens.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Fortin, Jerome/C-9369-2012
+ Ougier-Simonin, Audrey/B-8083-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ougier-Simonin, Audrey/0000-0001-9778-4910}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{AREVA NC; l'ANDRA (French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency)}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research work has been initiated by the French Atomic Energy
+ Commission (CEA), and supported by AREVA NC and l'ANDRA (French National
+ Radioactive Waste Management Agency). They are gratefully acknowledged
+ for their fruitful discussions and advice. We are grateful to the help
+ of the CEA laboratory for providing all SON68 samples. We would like to
+ thank Yves Pinquier and Thierry Decamps for their technical support. We
+ also thank Pr. Philipp Meredith and Dr. Mike J. Heap for providing us
+ with Seljadur basalt. Finally, we would like to acknowledge Dr. Will
+ Pettitt of ASC (c) Ltd. for his crucial help in setting up the acoustic
+ recorder system.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Eng. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{702NJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000285901100009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000287840000004,
+Author = {Pela, Luca and Cervera, Miguel and Roca, Pere},
+Title = {{Continuum damage model for orthotropic materials: Application to masonry}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{200}},
+Number = {{9-12}},
+Pages = {{917-930}},
+Abstract = {{This paper contributes to the formulation of continuum damage models for
+ orthotropic materials under plane stress conditions. Two stress
+ transformation tensors, related to tensile and compressive stress
+ states, respectively, are used to establish a one-to-one mapping
+ relationship between the orthotropic behaviour and an auxiliary model.
+ This allows the consideration of two individual damage criteria,
+ according to different failure mechanisms, i.e. cracking and crushing.
+ The constitutive model adopted in the mapped space makes use of two
+ scalar variables which monitor the local damage under tension and
+ compression, respectively. The model affords the simulation of
+ orthotropic induced damage, while also accounting for unilateral
+ effects, thanks to a stress tensor split into tensile and compressive
+ contributions. The fundamentals of the method are presented together
+ with the procedure utilized to adjust the model in order to study the
+ mechanical behaviour of masonry material. The validation of the model is
+ carried out by means of comparisons with experimental results on
+ different types of orthotropic masonry at the material level. (C) 2010
+ Elsevier By. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pela, L (Reprint Author), Univ Bologna, DICAM Dept, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
+ Pela, Luca, Univ Bologna, DICAM Dept, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
+ Cervera, Miguel; Roca, Pere, Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, Int Ctr Numer Methods Engn CIMNE, Barcelona 08034, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cma.2010.11.010}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7825}},
+Keywords = {{Continuum damage mechanics; Orthotropy; Mapping; Transformation tensor;
+ Damage surface; Masonry}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HOMOGENIZED LIMIT ANALYSIS; BRICK MASONRY; SHEAR WALLS; ANISOTROPIC
+ MATERIALS; CONCRETE STRUCTURES; BRITTLE MATERIALS; SEISMIC RESPONSE;
+ PERIODIC MASONRY; PLASTICITY MODEL; J2 PLASTICITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{luca.pela@unibo.it
+ miguel.cervera@upc.edu
+ pere.roca.fabregat@upc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Davidi, Gal/E-7089-2011
+ Pela, Luca /H-9938-2012
+ Roca, Pere/F-5943-2015
+ Cervera, Miguel/I-4686-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Pela, Luca /0000-0001-7760-8290
+ Roca, Pere/0000-0001-5400-5817
+ Cervera, Miguel/0000-0003-3437-6703}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{DGE of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology {[}BIA2006-04127,
+ CSD2006-00060]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The studies presented here have been developed within the research
+ projects BIA2006-04127 and SEDUREC (CSD2006-00060) funded by DGE of the
+ Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, whose assistance is
+ gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Prof. Sergio Oiler for his
+ helpful suggestions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{76}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{727YT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000287840000004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000288250400011,
+Author = {Amaro, A. M. and Reis, P. N. B. and de Moura, M. F. S. F.},
+Title = {{Delamination Effect on Bending Behaviour in Carbon-Epoxy Composites}},
+Journal = {{STRAIN}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{203-208}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies on
+ the bending behaviour of carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composite
+ containing delamination located at different positions along the
+ laminate thickness. Experimental tests were conducted in three-point
+ bending using specimens with and without delamination to evaluate their
+ bending behaviour. Numerical simulations were also performed in order to
+ evaluate the maximum load as a function of the defect position and its
+ size. The numerical model includes two-dimensional solid elements of the
+ ABAQUS software and a cohesive mixed mode damage model to simulate
+ delamination propagation. The numerical and experimental results
+ concerning the maximum load were found to be concordant. It was
+ concluded that delaminations affect the bending behaviour of laminates
+ mainly due to alterations in shear stress profiles.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Amaro, AM (Reprint Author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Mech Engn, Polo 2,Rua Luis Reis Santos, P-3030788 Coimbra, Portugal.
+ Amaro, A. M., Univ Coimbra, Dept Mech Engn, P-3030788 Coimbra, Portugal.
+ Reis, P. N. B., Univ Beira Interior, Electromech Engn Dept, P-6200100 Covilha, Portugal.
+ de Moura, M. F. S. F., Univ Porto, Dept Mech Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00520.x}},
+ISSN = {{0039-2103}},
+Keywords = {{bending behaviour; composites; damage; interface elements; polymer
+ matrix}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; DAMAGE; PREDICTION; CRACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/A-6549-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{de Moura, Marcelo/0000-0002-2151-3759
+ Reis, Paulo/0000-0001-5203-3670
+ Amaro, Ana/0000-0001-5237-0773}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Strain}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{733GE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000288250400011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000297833900009,
+Author = {Rucka, Magdalena},
+Title = {{DAMAGE DETECTION IN BEAMS USING WAVELET TRANSFORM ON HIGHER VIBRATION
+ MODES}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{399-417}},
+Abstract = {{Technical difficulties prevented so far wider applications of higher
+ mode shapes in damage detection. Yet these modes carry on a lot of, so
+ much needed, information on damage inflicted to a structure. However,
+ recent scanning laser-based vibration measurement techniques allow one
+ to utilize these higher modes in damage detection effectively. This
+ paper deals with the wavelet-based damage detection technique on a
+ cantilever beam with damage in the form of a single notch of depth 20\%,
+ 10\% and 5\% of the beam height. The purpose of the study is to present
+ the results of experimental and numerical analyses of damage detection
+ based on higher order modes. The first eight modes are considered and
+ the influence of the mode order on the effectiveness of damage detection
+ by the continuous wavelet transform is analysed in detail.}},
+Publisher = {{POLISH SOC THEORETICAL \& APPLIED MECHANICS}},
+Address = {{FWARSAW UNIV TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY CIVIL ENGINEERING, AL ARMII LUDOWEJ 15,
+ RM 650, WARSZAWA, 00-637, POLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Rucka, M (Reprint Author), Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Civil \& Environm Engn, Gdansk, Poland.
+ Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Civil \& Environm Engn, Gdansk, Poland.}},
+ISSN = {{1429-2955}},
+Keywords = {{damage detection; wavelet transform; higher vibration modes; scanning
+ laser vibrometer}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{OPERATIONAL DEFLECTION SHAPES; CRACK IDENTIFICATION; MODAL DATA;
+ VERIFICATION; PLATE; RODS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mrucka@pg.gda.pl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Rucka, Magdalena/Q-3519-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Rucka, Magdalena/0000-0001-7870-281X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Theor. Appl. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{858WM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000297833900009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000297823200056,
+Author = {Martinelli, Enzo and Czaderski, Christoph and Motavalli, Masoud},
+Title = {{Modeling in-plane and out-of-plane displacement fields in pull-off tests
+ on FRP strips}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{3715-3725}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{The present paper deals with modeling FRP strips bonded to concrete
+ blocks and tested in pull-off. The investigation starts from the
+ experimental observations obtained by means of an optical
+ image-correlation measurement system which is able to monitor the 3D
+ displacement components of a fine mesh of points on the surface of both
+ the FRP strip and concrete block. Thus, refined measurements of both
+ in-plane and out-of-plane displacements of the FRP strips are available.
+ A brief overview of the key contributions available in the scientific
+ literature on modeling the bond behavior of FRP strips glued to a
+ concrete substrate is firstly proposed. Then, a novel model based on
+ simulating the behavior of the FRP strip as a Bernoulli beam on a layer
+ of springs is formulated. It is aimed at determining the 2D displacement
+ field of the FRP strip during a pull-off test up to debonding which
+ actually occurs in a mixed fracture mode. The model is firstly
+ formulated within the linear range by assuming elastic behavior for the
+ above mentioned springs. The nonlinear behavior due to the cracking of
+ concrete beneath the adhesive interface is then introduced for
+ simulating the above mentioned experimental results. In particular, a
+ bilinear relationship is assumed between interface slips and shear
+ stresses, as is generally accepted within the scientific literature.
+ Furthermore, a damage model is considered for reducing the stiffness of
+ the transverse springs and simulating the crack propagation at the
+ adhesive-concrete interface. Although this is a simplified way of
+ modeling the nonlinear behavior of concrete in shear/tension, it results
+ in rather accurate simulations of the available experimental results. In
+ fact, it can simulate accurately the overall behavior observed in three
+ experimental tests on specimens characterized by significantly different
+ mechanical properties of the strip. Since the model assumes a small set
+ of mechanical parameters for describing the mechanical behavior of the
+ adhesive FRP-concrete interface and results in a reasonable small set of
+ equations, it can be easily employed for identifying the above mentioned
+ mechanical behavior indirectly. Other numerical models already available
+ in the scientific literature (especially those based on the theory of
+ finite elements) for simulating the 2D displacement field in the
+ debonding stage are generally based on much more equations and require a
+ much higher computational effort which makes impractical their use in an
+ indirect identification procedure like the one presented in this paper.
+ In fact, one of the main results of this study consists in determining
+ the distribution of normal (peeling) stresses throughout the
+ adhesive-to-concrete interface. This stress component (Mode I) can
+ neither be directly measured during the tests nor determined by the
+ theoretical models usually adopted for simulating the fracturing
+ behavior of FRP-to-concrete joints in the so-called fracture process in
+ ``mode II{''}. Finally, it was found that the shear stresses are
+ significantly higher than the peeling ones and control the crack
+ propagation process. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Martinelli, E (Reprint Author), Univ Salerno, Dept Civil Engn, Fisciano, Italy.
+ Martinelli, Enzo, Univ Salerno, Dept Civil Engn, Fisciano, Italy.
+ Czaderski, Christoph; Motavalli, Masoud, EMPA, Struct Engn Res Lab, Dubendorf, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.08.008}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+Keywords = {{Concrete; FRP; Interface; Bond; Delamination; Fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELASTIC FRACTURE-MECHANICS; PEEL-TEST; BEAMS; CONCRETE; BEHAVIOR; PLATE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{e.martinelli@unisa.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Martinelli, Enzo/F-2868-2010
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Martinelli, Enzo/0000-0003-3572-7528
+ Czaderski, Christoph/0000-0003-0153-3944}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{858SO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000297823200056}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000291951900014,
+Author = {Nazari, Ali and Milani, Amir Ali},
+Title = {{Modeling ductile to brittle transition temperature of functionally
+ graded steels by fuzzy logic}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2011}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{18}},
+Pages = {{6007-6017}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{In this article, a model based on fuzzy logic (FL) for predicting
+ ductile to brittle transition temperature of functionally graded steels
+ in both crack divider and crack arrester configurations has been
+ presented. Functionally graded steels containing graded ferritic and
+ austenitic regions together with bainite and martensite intermediate
+ layers were produced by electroslag remelting. For purpose of building
+ the model, training and testing using experimental results from 140
+ specimens produced from two basic composites were conducted. The used
+ data as inputs in FL models are arranged in a format of six input
+ parameters that cover the FGS type, the crack tip configuration, the
+ thickness of graded ferritic region, the thickness of graded austenitic
+ region, the distance of the notch from bainite or martensite
+ intermediate layer, and temperature. According to these input
+ parameters, in the FL, the ductile to brittle transition temperature of
+ each FGS specimen was predicted. It has been found that FL model will be
+ valid within the ranges of variables. The training and testing results
+ in the FL model have shown a strong potential for predicting the ductile
+ to brittle transition temperature of each FGS specimen.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nazari, A (Reprint Author), Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran.
+ Nazari, Ali; Milani, Amir Ali, Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10853-011-5563-z}},
+ISSN = {{0022-2461}},
+EISSN = {{1573-4803}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK DIVIDER CONFIGURATION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH;
+ PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE; PREDICTION; CONCRETE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{alinazari84@aut.ac.ir}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{781RT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000291951900014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2012.bib b/data/WoS_export/2012.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7154ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2012.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3273 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000311176200002,
+Author = {Wong, Teng-fong and Baud, Patrick},
+Title = {{The brittle-ductile transition in porous rock: A review}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Pages = {{25-53}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{Many of the earliest laboratory studies of the brittle-ductile
+ transition were on porous rocks, with a focus on the evolution of
+ failure mode from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow with increasing
+ pressure. Recent advances in this area are reviewed. Porosity has been
+ demonstrated to exert critical control on the brittle-ductile
+ transition, and its phenomenology has two common attributes. Under low
+ confinement, brittle faulting develops as a dilatant failure mode. Under
+ high confinement, delocalized cataclasis is accompanied by
+ shear-enhanced compaction and strain hardening. Plasticity models such
+ as the cap and critical state models have been developed to describe
+ such constitutive behaviors, and many aspects of the laboratory data on
+ porous rock have been shown to be in basic agreement. Bifurcation
+ analysis can be used in conjunction with a constitutive model to predict
+ the onset of strain localization, which is in qualitative agreement with
+ the laboratory data. However, recent studies have also underscored
+ certain complexities in the inelastic behavior and failure mode. In some
+ porous sandstones, compaction bands would develop as a localized failure
+ mode intermediate between the end members of brittle faulting and
+ cataclastic flow. In limestones (and selected sandstones) under
+ relatively high confinement, cataclastic flow is accompanied first by
+ shear-enhanced compaction which then evolves to dilatancy. Various
+ techniques have been employed to characterize the microstructure and
+ damage, which have elucidated the deformation mechanisms associated with
+ the brittle-ductile transition. These observations have revealed a
+ diversity of micromechanical processes, and fundamental differences were
+ observed especially between sandstone and limestone with regard to
+ inelastic compaction. Micromechanical models that have been formulated
+ to describe these processes include the pore-emanated and sliding wing
+ crack models in the brittle faulting regime, and the Hertzian fracture
+ and cataclastic pore collapse models in the cataclastic flow regime.
+ Numerical techniques based on the discrete element method have also been
+ employed to simulate these processes. Comparison of the model
+ predictions with laboratory and microstructural observations has
+ provided useful insights into the mechanics of brittle-ductile
+ transition in porous rock. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Baud, P (Reprint Author), Univ Strasbourg EOST, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7516, Strasbourg, France.
+ Baud, Patrick, Univ Strasbourg EOST, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7516, Strasbourg, France.
+ Wong, Teng-fong, SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsg.2012.07.010}},
+ISSN = {{0191-8141}},
+Keywords = {{Micromechanics; Limestone; Pore collapse; Compaction; Microstructure;
+ Experimental}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CIRCUMFERENTIALLY NOTCHED SAMPLES; DISCRETE COMPACTION BANDS;
+ SHEAR-ENHANCED COMPACTION; STATE SOIL MECHANICS; DEFORMATION BANDS;
+ ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; FAILURE MODE; PERMEABILITY EVOLUTION; COMPRESSIVE
+ FAILURE; MATHEMATICAL FRAMEWORK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{patrick.baud@unistra.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy
+ {[}DE-FG02-99ER14996, DE-SC0004118]; National Science Foundation
+ {[}EAR-1044967]; French Centre de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS);
+ ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company}},
+Funding-Text = {{Cecilia Cheung, Emmanuelle Klein, Laurent Louis, Alexandre Schubnel,
+ Sheryl Tembe, Veronika Vajdova, Sergio Vinciguerra, Boashan Wang and Wei
+ Zhu have contributed to the research reviewed here. We have also
+ benefited from discussions with Jose-Luis Alves, Pierre Besuelle, Yong
+ Chen, Christian David, Peter Eichhubl, Brian Evans, Jerome Fortin,
+ Joanne Fredrich, Yves Gueguen, Philip Meredith, Mervyn Paterson, Richard
+ Schultz, Emanuele Tondi and Wenlu Zhu. We thank John Rudnicki and Ernie
+ Rutter for their comprehensive reviews of the manuscript. This research
+ was partially supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
+ Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-99ER14996 and DE-SC0004118, by
+ the National Science Foundation under grant EAR-1044967. by the French
+ Centre de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and by ExxonMobil Research
+ and Engineering Company. The authors would also like to thank the
+ CAPES-COFECUB program for stimulating fruitful discussions on compaction
+ in carbonates.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{195}},
+Times-Cited = {{97}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{130}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Struct. Geol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{038LM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000311176200002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000308110900005,
+Author = {Zhang, Xiao-Ping and Wong, Louis Ngai Yuen},
+Title = {{Cracking Processes in Rock-Like Material Containing a Single Flaw Under
+ Uniaxial Compression: A Numerical Study Based on Parallel
+ Bonded-Particle Model Approach}},
+Journal = {{ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{45}},
+Number = {{5, SI}},
+Pages = {{711-737}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Cracking processes have been extensively studied in brittle rock and
+ rock-like materials. Due to the experimental limitations and the
+ complexity of rock texture, details of the cracking processes could not
+ always be observed and assessed comprehensively. To contribute to this
+ field of research, a numerical approach based on the particle element
+ model was used in present study. It would give us insights into what is
+ happening to crack initiation, propagation and coalescence. Parallel
+ bond model, a type of bonded-particle model, was used to numerically
+ simulate the cracking process in rock-like material containing a single
+ flaw under uniaxial vertical compression. The single flaw's inclinations
+ varied from 0A degrees to 75A degrees measured from the horizontal. As
+ the uniaxial compression load was increased, multiple new microcracks
+ initiated in the rock, which later propagated and eventually coalesced
+ into longer macrocracks. The inclination of the pre-existing flaw was
+ found to have a strong influence on the crack initiation and propagation
+ patterns. The simulations replicated most of the phenomena observed in
+ the physical experiments, such as the type, the initiation location and
+ the initiate angle of the first cracks, as well as the development of
+ hair-line cracks, which later evolved to macrocracks. Analyses of the
+ parallel bond forces and displacement fields revealed some important
+ mechanisms of the cracking processes. The first cracks typically
+ initiated from the tensile stress concentration regions, in which the
+ tensile stress was partially released after their initiation. The
+ tensile stress concentration regions subsequently shifted outwards close
+ to the propagating tips of the first cracks. The initiation and
+ propagation of the first cracks would not significantly influence the
+ compressive stress singularity at the flaw tips, which was the driving
+ force of the initiation of secondary cracks. The initiation of
+ microcracking zone consisting almost exclusively of micro-tensile
+ cracks, and that of microcracking zone consisting of micro-tensile
+ cracks and mixed micro-tensile and shear cracks, were found to be
+ correlated with two distinct types of displacement fields, namely type I
+ (DF\_I) and type II (DF\_II), respectively.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER WIEN}},
+Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wong, LNY (Reprint Author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil \& Environm Engn, Block N1,Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
+ Zhang, Xiao-Ping; Wong, Louis Ngai Yuen, Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil \& Environm Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
+ Zhang, Xiao-Ping, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol \& Geophys, Key Lab Engn Geomech, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00603-011-0176-z}},
+ISSN = {{0723-2632}},
+Keywords = {{Micro-tensile cracks; Micro-shear cracks; Bonded-particle model (BPM);
+ Uniaxial compressive loading test}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TOMOGRAPHY CT EXPERIMENTS; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; CARRARA
+ MARBLE; MOLDED GYPSUM; TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION; DAMAGE EVOLUTION;
+ COALESCENCE; PROPAGATION; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{jxhkzhang@163.com
+ lnywong@ntu.edu.sg}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wong, Louis Ngai Yuen/A-3764-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wong, Louis Ngai Yuen/0000-0001-8804-0346
+ Zhang, Xiao-Ping/0000-0001-8813-4844}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{83}},
+Times-Cited = {{85}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{68}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Rock Mech. Rock Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{996RI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000308110900005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000295306300003,
+Author = {Simar, A. and Brechet, Y. and de Meester, B. and Denquin, A. and
+ Gallais, C. and Pardoen, T.},
+Title = {{Integrated modeling of friction stir welding of 6xxx series Al alloys:
+ Process, microstructure and properties}},
+Journal = {{PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{95-183}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Compared to most thermomechanical processing methods, friction stir
+ welding (FSW) is a recent technique which has not yet reached full
+ maturity. Nevertheless, owing to multiple intrinsic advantages, FSW has
+ already replaced conventional welding methods in a variety of industrial
+ applications especially for Al alloys. This provides the impetus for
+ developing a methodology towards optimization, from process to
+ performances, using the most advanced approach available in materials
+ science and thermomechanics. The aim is to obtain a guidance both for
+ process fine tuning and for alloy design. Integrated modeling
+ constitutes a way to accelerate the insertion of the process, especially
+ regarding difficult applications where for instance ductility, fracture
+ toughness, fatigue and/or stress corrosion cracking are key issues.
+ Hence, an integrated modeling framework devoted to the FSW of 6xxx
+ series Al alloys has been established and applied to the 6005A and 6056
+ alloys. The suite of models involves an in-process temperature evolution
+ model, a microstructure evolution model with an extension to
+ heterogeneous precipitation, a microstructure based strength and strain
+ hardening model, and a micro-mechanics based damage model. The
+ presentation of each model is supplemented by the coverage of relevant
+ recent literature. The ``model chain{''} is assessed towards a wide
+ range of experimental data. The final objective is to present routes for
+ the optimization of the FSW process using both experiments and models.
+ Now, this strategy goes well beyond the case of FSW, illustrating the
+ potential of chain models to support a ``material by design approach{''}
+ from process to performances. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Simar, A (Reprint Author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Mech Mat \& Civil Engn, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Simar, A.; de Meester, B.; Pardoen, T., Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Mech Mat \& Civil Engn, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Brechet, Y., SIMaP INP Grenoble, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France.
+ Denquin, A.; Gallais, C., Off Natl Etud \& Rech Aerosp, F-92322 Chatillon, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.pmatsci.2011.05.003}},
+ISSN = {{0079-6425}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MG-SI ALLOYS; ANISOTROPIC DUCTILE FRACTURE; 6082-T6 ALUMINUM WELDMENTS;
+ FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; INTERNAL STATE VARIABLES; WORK-HARDENING
+ BEHAVIOR; CU ALLOY; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
+ NUMERICAL-SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{aude.simar@uclouvain.be}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{iMMC; ONERA; Belgian State, Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and
+ Cultural Affaires {[}M3PHYSTO]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge L. Ryelandt, S. Ryelandt and M.
+ Sinnaeve as well as the technical staff of iMMC and ONERA for support
+ for the experiments. This research was carried out under the University
+ attraction Poles (IAP) Programme Phase VI, Project M3PHYSTO, financed by
+ the Belgian State, Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural
+ Affaires. The calculations have been performed on the CISM-UCL, Belgium
+ computer facilities.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{263}},
+Times-Cited = {{85}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{169}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Prog. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{825TZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000295306300003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000302511700003,
+Author = {Luo, Meng and Dunand, Matthieu and Mohr, Dirk},
+Title = {{Experiments and modeling of anisotropic aluminum extrusions under
+ multi-axial loading - Part II: Ductile fracture}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{32-33}},
+Pages = {{36-58}},
+Month = {{MAY-JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The anisotropic ductile fracture of a 6260-T6 anisotropic aluminum alloy
+ extrusion is investigated using a hybrid experimental-numerical
+ approach. A basic fracture testing program covering a wide range of
+ stress states and different material orientations is carried out. It
+ comprises experiments on notched tensile specimens, tensile specimens
+ with a central hole and butterfly shear specimens. The surface strain
+ fields are obtained using two-dimensional Digital Image Correlation
+ (DIC), while detailed finite element simulations are performed of all
+ experiments to determine the local stress and strain histories inside
+ the specimens. The analysis shows that the use of the newly-proposed
+ extension of the Yld2000 yield function for three-dimensional stress
+ states (see companion paper) together with an isotropic hardening law is
+ able to predict the elasto-plastic behaviors of the present anisotropic
+ aluminum alloy in all experiments. The experimental results show a
+ strong dependency of the strain to fracture on the material orientation
+ with respect to the loading direction. An uncoupled non-associated
+ anisotropic fracture model is proposed which makes use of a stress state
+ dependent weighting function and an anisotropic plastic strain measure.
+ The latter is obtained from applying the von Mises equivalent plastic
+ strain definition after the linear transformation of the plastic strain
+ tensor. It is shown that the use of the isotropic Modified Mohr-Coulomb
+ (MMC) stress state weighting function in this anisotropic fracture
+ modeling framework provides accurate predictions of the onset of
+ fracture for all thirteen fracture experiments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mohr, D (Reprint Author), Ecole Polytech, Solid Mech Lab, CNRS UMR 7649, Dept Mech, Palaiseau, France.
+ Mohr, Dirk, Ecole Polytech, Solid Mech Lab, CNRS UMR 7649, Dept Mech, Palaiseau, France.
+ Luo, Meng; Dunand, Matthieu; Mohr, Dirk, MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Impact \& Crashworthiness Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.11.001}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{Ductile fracture; Aluminum extrusions; Anisotropy; Modified
+ Mohr-Coulomb; Stress state}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; CRACK FORMATION CRITERIA; YIELD CRITERION;
+ VOID NUCLEATION; STRAIN LOCALIZATION; STRESS-TRIAXIALITY;
+ NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; SHEET MATERIALS; SHEAR FAILURE; PLANE-STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mohr@lms.polytechnique.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Luo, Meng/J-3829-2013
+ Mohr, Dirk/B-6492-2016
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mohr, Dirk/0000-0003-0278-3443
+ Luo, Meng/0000-0002-8070-3958}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Volkswagen (Germany)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The partial financial support of Volkswagen (Germany) is gratefully
+ acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Professor T. Wierzbicki (MIT) and
+ Dr. L Greve (VW) for valuable discussions. The authors are grateful for
+ the educational licenses of Hyperworks provided by Altair.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{81}},
+Times-Cited = {{67}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{52}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{921XP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000302511700003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000300840400007,
+Author = {Klepka, A. and Staszewski, W. J. and Jenal, R. B. and Szwedo, M. and
+ Iwaniec, J. and Uhl, T.},
+Title = {{Nonlinear acoustics for fatigue crack detection - experimental
+ investigations of vibro-acoustic wave modulations}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{11}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{197-211}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Vibro-acoustic nonlinear wave modulations are investigated
+ experimentally in a cracked aluminum plate. The focus is on the effect
+ of low-frequency vibration excitation on modulation intensity and
+ associated nonlinear wave interaction mechanisms. The study reveals that
+ energy dissipation - not opening-closing crack action - is the major
+ mechanism behind nonlinear modulations. The consequence is that
+ relatively weak strain fields can be used for crack detection in
+ metallic structures. A clear link between modulations and thermo-elastic
+ coupling is also demonstrated, providing experimental evidence for the
+ recently proposed non-classical, nonlinear vibro-acoustic wave
+ interaction mechanism.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Staszewski, WJ (Reprint Author), AGH Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Robot \& Mechatron, Krakow, Poland.
+ Klepka, A.; Staszewski, W. J.; Szwedo, M.; Iwaniec, J.; Uhl, T., AGH Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Robot \& Mechatron, Krakow, Poland.
+ Staszewski, W. J.; Jenal, R. B., Univ Sheffield, Dynam Res Grp, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1475921711414236}},
+ISSN = {{1475-9217}},
+Keywords = {{crack detection; fatigue cracks; nonlinear acoustics; vibro-acoustic
+ wave modulations; nonlinear mechanisms}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DISCERN MATERIAL DAMAGE; METALLIC STRUCTURES; NEWS TECHNIQUES;
+ SPECTROSCOPY; PROPAGATION; ELASTICITY; MECHANISM; SOLIDS; MEDIA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{W.J.Staszewski@sheffield.ac.uk}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{project MONIT {[}POIG.01.01.02-00-013/08-00]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge the partial research funding from
+ the project MONIT (No. POIG.01.01.02-00-013/08-00) for the work
+ presented.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{64}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{899TX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000300840400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000304902800004,
+Author = {Xiang, Jiawei and Liang, Ming},
+Title = {{Wavelet-Based Detection of Beam Cracks Using Modal Shape and Frequency
+ Measurements}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{439-454}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{When a structure is subjected to dynamic or static loads, cracks may
+ develop and the modal shapes and frequencies of the cracked structure
+ may change accordingly. Based on this, a new method is proposed to
+ locate beam cracks and to estimate their depths. The fault-induced modal
+ shape and frequency changes of cracked structures are taken into account
+ to construct a new hybrid crack detection method. The method includes
+ two steps: crack localization and depth estimation. The locations of the
+ cracks are determined by applying the wavelet transform to the modal
+ shape. Using the measured natural frequencies as inputs, the depths of
+ the cracks are estimated from a database established by wavelet finite
+ element method. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid two-step method
+ is demonstrated by numerical simulation and experimental investigation
+ of a cantilever beam with two cracks. Our analyses also indicate that
+ the proposed method performed reasonably well at certain level of noise.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xiang, JW (Reprint Author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Mech Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
+ Xiang, Jiawei; Liang, Ming, Univ Ottawa, Dept Mech Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1467-8667.2012.00760.x}},
+ISSN = {{1093-9687}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; NEURAL-NETWORK;
+ STRAIN-MEASUREMENTS; HIGHRISE BUILDINGS; CHAOS METHODOLOGY; MULTIPLE
+ CRACKS; VIBRATION; TRANSFORM; COMBINATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering;
+ Transportation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction \&
+ Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science \&
+ Technology}},
+Author-Email = {{wxw8627@163.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xiang, Jiawei/G-1177-2011}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation of China {[}51175097]; Natural Sciences and
+ Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Centers of Excellence of
+ Canada}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful for the support from the National Science
+ Foundation of China (No. 51175097) and the Natural Sciences and
+ Engineering Research Council of Canada. This work is also supported in
+ part by the Ontario Centers of Excellence of Canada, which is very much
+ appreciated.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{66}},
+Times-Cited = {{63}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{48}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput.-Aided Civil Infrastruct. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{953WA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000304902800004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000306778000026,
+Author = {Gonzalez, E. V. and Maimi, P. and Camanho, P. P. and Turon, A. and
+ Mayugo, J. A.},
+Title = {{Simulation of drop-weight impact and compression after impact tests on
+ composite laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{94}},
+Number = {{11}},
+Pages = {{3364-3378}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents finite element simulations of two standardized and
+ sequential tests performed in polymer-matrix composite laminates
+ reinforced by unidirectional fibers: the drop-weight impact test and the
+ compression after impact test. These tests are performed on laboratory
+ coupons, which are monolithic, flat, rectangular composite plates with
+ conventional stacking sequences. The impact and the compression after
+ impact tests are simulated using constitutive material models formulated
+ in the context of continuum damage mechanics. The material models
+ account for both ply failure mechanisms and delamination. Comparisons
+ with experimental data are performed in order to assess the accuracy of
+ the predictions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gonzalez, EV (Reprint Author), Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Campus Montilivi S-N, Girona 17071, Spain.
+ Gonzalez, E. V.; Maimi, P.; Turon, A.; Mayugo, J. A., Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Girona 17071, Spain.
+ Camanho, P. P., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMec, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.05.015}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composites; Impact behavior; Damage mechanics; Finite
+ element analysis (FEA); Compression after impact (CAI) test}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL; PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS;
+ CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; FIBER-COMPOSITES; FAILURE CRITERIA; MATRIX CRACKING;
+ DELAMINATION; PLATES; ELEMENTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{emilio.gonzalez@udg.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mayugo, Joan Andreu/C-3772-2009
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014
+ Balanzat, Josep Costa/C-1017-2014
+ Gonzalez, Emilio Vicente/P-1258-2014
+ Turon, Albert/C-6875-2008
+ Maimi, Pere/C-3581-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mayugo, Joan Andreu/0000-0001-8210-3529
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207
+ Gonzalez, Emilio Vicente/0000-0003-0190-8742
+ Turon, Albert/0000-0002-2554-2653
+ Maimi, Pere/0000-0002-7350-1506}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Spanish Government {[}MAT2009-07918, DPI2009-08048]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government under
+ Contracts MAT2009-07918 and DPI2009-08048.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{64}},
+Times-Cited = {{62}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{51}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{978XB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000306778000026}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000301626400005,
+Author = {Malcher, L. and Andrade Pires, F. M. and Cesar de Sa, J. M. A.},
+Title = {{An assessment of isotropic constitutive models for ductile fracture
+ under high and low stress triaxiality}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{30-31}},
+Pages = {{81-115}},
+Month = {{MAR-APR}},
+Abstract = {{In this contribution, a numerical assessment of three isotropic
+ constitutive models is performed in order to identify their
+ applicability and reliability in the prediction of ductile failure under
+ a wide range of stress triaxiality. The well established isotropic
+ coupled damage models proposed by Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN),
+ which is based on micromechanical grounds and here extended with a shear
+ mechanism, and by Lemaitre, which is based on continuum damage
+ mechanics, are selected and investigated. Besides these, an uncoupled
+ damage elasto-plastic model proposed by Bai and Wierzibicki, which
+ includes the effect of three invariants of the stress tensor, is also
+ selected and examined. All constitutive formulations are implemented in
+ a quasi-static finite element scheme and applied to simulate the
+ behavior of the 2024-T351 aluminum alloy, which is strongly dependent on
+ both pressure and Lode angle. To assess the predictive ability of the
+ constitutive models under different levels of stress triaxiality,
+ specimens with different geometries and dimensions are used, such as:
+ smooth and notched cylindrical bars, a plate hole specimen and a
+ butterfly specimen. The evaluation of the models is initially carried
+ out under pure tensile loading conditions and then under shear dominated
+ deformation modes. In addition, a combination of both tensile and shear
+ loading is also studied. Finally, the results obtained from the
+ numerical simulations are analyzed and critically compared with
+ experimental results available in the literature. The performance of
+ each constitutive approach under each range of stress triaxiality is
+ highlighted and the main observations are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pires, FMA (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, IDMEC Inst Mech Engn, Fac Engn, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Malcher, L.; Andrade Pires, F. M.; Cesar de Sa, J. M. A., Univ Porto, IDMEC Inst Mech Engn, Fac Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.10.005}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+Keywords = {{Ductility; Fracture; Constitutive behaviour; Finite elements; Stress
+ triaxiality}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; RUPTURE MECHANISMS; HYDROSTATIC-STRESS;
+ COMBINED TENSION; CRACK-GROWTH; STRAIN; METALS; SHEAR; CRITERION;
+ PRESSURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{fpires@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Cesar de Sa, Jose/A-3826-2013
+ Malcher, Lucival/F-8445-2013
+ Andrade Pires, Francisco/J-8105-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Cesar de Sa, Jose/0000-0002-1257-1754
+ Andrade Pires, Francisco/0000-0002-4802-6360}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT)
+ {[}SFRH/BD/45456/2008, PTDC/EME-TME/71325/2006]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Supported by Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), under
+ scholarship No. SFRH/BD/45456/2008 and under Grant No.
+ PTDC/EME-TME/71325/2006.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{70}},
+Times-Cited = {{55}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{44}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{910GY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000301626400005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000300545700008,
+Author = {Jones, R. and Pitt, S. and Brunner, A. J. and Hui, D.},
+Title = {{Application of the Hartman-Schijve equation to represent Mode I and Mode
+ II fatigue delamination growth in composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{94}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{1343-1351}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper discusses the potential of a variant of the Hartman-Schijve
+ equation to represent both Modes I and II constant amplitude
+ delamination growth in composites. To this end we show that the
+ delamination growth rate da/dN can often be related to (Delta root G -
+ Delta root G(th))alpha, where alpha is approximately 2. As such the
+ exponent in this relationship is considerably lower than the exponent in
+ ``Paris like{''} power law representations. We also show that this
+ particular representation of delamination growth in composites is
+ similar to that seen for crack growth in metals. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jones, R (Reprint Author), Monash Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, DSTO Ctr Expertise Struct Mech, POB 31, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
+ Jones, R.; Pitt, S., Monash Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, DSTO Ctr Expertise Struct Mech, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
+ Brunner, A. J., Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci \& Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ Hui, D., Univ New Orleans, Composite Mat Res Lab, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.11.030}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Delamination growth; Fatigue; Hartman-Schijve; Experimental testing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; SPECIMEN;
+ STRENGTH; DAMAGE; STEEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{rhys.jones@eng.monash.edu.au}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{jones, rhys/0000-0003-3197-2796}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{58}},
+Times-Cited = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{896DN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000300545700008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000297430800009,
+Author = {Liu, DeFu and Cong, W. L. and Pei, Z. J. and Tang, YongJun},
+Title = {{A cutting force model for rotary ultrasonic machining of brittle
+ materials}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS \& MANUFACTURE}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{52}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{77-84}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Knowing cutting force in rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) can help
+ optimizing input variables. RUM of brittle materials has been
+ investigated both experimentally and theoretically. However, there are
+ no reports on cutting force models for RUM of brittle materials. This
+ paper presents a mechanistic model for cutting force in RUM of brittle
+ materials. Assuming that brittle fracture is the primary mechanism of
+ material removal in RUM of brittle materials, the cutting force model is
+ developed step by step. On the basis of this mechanistic model,
+ relationships between cutting force and input variables (such as spindle
+ speed, feed rate, ultrasonic vibration amplitude, abrasive size, and
+ abrasive concentration) are predicted. Experiments are conducted for
+ model verification and experimental results agree well with model
+ predictions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pei, ZJ (Reprint Author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Ind \& Mfg Syst Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
+ Liu, DeFu, Cent S Univ, Coll Mech \& Elect Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Cong, W. L.; Pei, Z. J., Kansas State Univ, Dept Ind \& Mfg Syst Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
+ Tang, YongJun, Guangdong Univ Technol, Fac Electromech Engn, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2011.09.006}},
+ISSN = {{0890-6955}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2170}},
+Keywords = {{Brittle material; Ceramic; Cutting force; Drilling; Predictive model;
+ Rotary ultrasonic machining}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLASTIC INDENTATION DAMAGE; MATERIAL-REMOVAL; ENGINEERING CERAMICS;
+ CRACK SYSTEM; PRINCIPLES; MECHANISM; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{zpei@ksu.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}CMMI-0900462]; China Scholarship Council}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank National Science Foundation (Grant
+ CMMI-0900462) and China Scholarship Council for their support to this
+ work. The authors gratefully extend their acknowledgements to Sonic-Mill
+ Corporation for supplying the RUM equipment and NBR Diamond Tool
+ Corporation for providing core drills.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{46}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{44}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{853MQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000297430800009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000308393800005,
+Author = {Osornio-Rios, Roque A. and Pablo Amezquita-Sanchez, Juan and
+ Romero-Troncoso, Rene J. and Garcia-Perez, Arturo},
+Title = {{MUSIC-ANN Analysis for Locating Structural Damages in a Truss-Type
+ Structure by Means of Vibrations}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{27}},
+Number = {{9, SI}},
+Pages = {{687-698}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This article presents a methodology for damage detection, location, and
+ quantification based on vibration signature analysis and a comprehensive
+ experimental study to assess the utility of the proposed structural
+ health monitoring applied to a five-bay truss-type structure. The MUSIC
+ algorithm introduced first by Jiang and Adeli for health monitoring of
+ structures in 2007 is fused with artificial neural networks for an
+ automated result. The developed methodology is based on feeding the
+ amplitude of the natural frequencies as input of an artificial neural
+ network, being the novelty of the proposed methodology its ability to
+ identify, locate, and quantify the severity of damages with precision
+ such as: external and internal corrosion and cracks in an automated
+ monitoring process. Results show the proposed methodology is effective
+ for detecting a healthy structure, a structure with external and
+ internal corrosion, and a structure with crack. Therefore, the proposed
+ fusion of MUSIC-ANN algorithms can be regarded as a simple, effective,
+ and automated tool without requiring sophisticated equipment, toward
+ establishing a practical and reliable structural health monitoring
+ methodology, which will help to evaluate the condition of the structure,
+ in order to detect damages early and to make the corresponding
+ maintenance decisions in the structures.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Garcia-Perez, A (Reprint Author), Univ Guanajuato, HSPdigital CA Telemat, DICIS, Carr Salamanca Valle Km 3-5 1-8, Salamanca 36700, Gto, Spain.
+ Romero-Troncoso, Rene J.; Garcia-Perez, Arturo, Univ Guanajuato, HSPdigital CA Telemat, DICIS, Salamanca 36700, Gto, Spain.
+ Osornio-Rios, Roque A.; Pablo Amezquita-Sanchez, Juan, Univ Autonoma Queretaro, HSPdigital CA Mecatron, Fac Ingn, San Juan Del Rio 76807, Qro, Mexico.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1467-8667.2012.00777.x}},
+ISSN = {{1093-9687}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAVELET NEURAL-NETWORK; MODAL PARAMETER-IDENTIFICATION; CRACK DETECTION;
+ HIGHRISE BUILDINGS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; FRACTAL DIMENSION; MODEL;
+ TRANSFORM; SYSTEM; BEAMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering;
+ Transportation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction \&
+ Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science \&
+ Technology}},
+Author-Email = {{agarcia@hspdigital.org}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Romero-Troncoso, Rene/D-1142-2011
+ Osornio-Rios, Roque A/B-1970-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Romero-Troncoso, Rene/0000-0003-3192-5332
+ Osornio-Rios, Roque A/0000-0003-0868-2918
+ Amezquita-Sanchez, Juan P./0000-0002-9559-0220}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{44}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput.-Aided Civil Infrastruct. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{000NT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000308393800005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305719400006,
+Author = {Darabi, Masoud K. and Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K. and Masad, Eyad A. and
+ Huang, Chien-Wei and Little, Dallas N.},
+Title = {{A modified viscoplastic model to predict the permanent deformation of
+ asphaltic materials under cyclic-compression loading at high
+ temperatures}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Pages = {{100-134}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{When subjected to cyclic creep (ratcheting) loading with rest periods
+ between the loading cycles, the viscoplastic behavior of asphaltic
+ materials changes such the rate of accumulation of the viscoplastic
+ strain at the beginning of the subsequent loading cycle increases
+ comparing to that at the end of the preceding loading cycle. This
+ phenomenon is referred to as the hardening-relaxation (or
+ viscoplastic-softening) and is a key element in predicting the permanent
+ deformation (rutting) of asphalt pavements which is one of the most
+ important distresses in asphalt pavements. This paper presents a
+ phenomenological-based rate-dependent hardening-relaxation model to
+ significantly enhance the prediction of the permanent deformation in
+ asphaltic materials subjected to cyclic-compression loadings at high
+ temperatures. A hardening-relaxation memory surface is defined in the
+ viscoplastic strain space as the general condition for the initiation
+ and evolution of the hardening-relaxation (or viscoplastic-softening).
+ The memory surface is formulated to be a function of an internal state
+ variable memorizing the maximum viscoplastic strain for which the
+ softening has been occurred during the deformation history. The
+ evolution function for the hardening-relaxation model is then defined as
+ a function of the hardening-relaxation internal state variable. The
+ proposed viscoplastic-softening model is coupled to the nonlinear
+ Schapery's viscoelastic and Perzyna's viscoplastic models. The numerical
+ algorithms for the proposed model are implemented in the well-known
+ finite element code Abaqus via the user material subroutine UMAT. The
+ model is then calibrated and verified by comparing the model predictions
+ and experimental data that includes cyclic creep-recovery loadings at
+ different stress levels, loading times, rest periods, and confinement
+ levels. Model predictions show that the proposed approach provides a
+ promising tool for constitutive modeling of cyclic hardening-relaxation
+ in asphaltic materials and in general in time- and rate-dependent
+ materials. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Abu Al-Rub, RK (Reprint Author), Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Darabi, Masoud K.; Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K.; Masad, Eyad A.; Little, Dallas N., Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Masad, Eyad A.; Huang, Chien-Wei, Texas A\&M Univ Qatar, Mech Engn Program, Doha, Qatar.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2012.03.001}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+Keywords = {{Hardening-relaxation; Viscoplastic-softening; Viscoelasticity; Asphalt
+ concrete; Constitutive modeling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; VISCOELASTIC MEDIA; SUBLOADING SURFACE; CRACK
+ INITIATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SOFTENING MATERIALS; INELASTIC
+ BEHAVIOR; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; DYNAMIC RECOVERY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{rabualrub@civil.tamu.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Asphalt Research Consortium through the US Federal Highway
+ Administration; Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) through the National
+ Priority Research Program {[}08-310-2-110]; QNRF}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Asphalt
+ Research Consortium through the US Federal Highway Administration. R.K.
+ Abu Al-Rub and E. Masad also would like to acknowledge the financial
+ support provided by Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) through the
+ National Priority Research Program project 08-310-2-110. The QNRF
+ funding supported the development of the memory surface concept for
+ predicting the rutting in asphalt pavements (Section 2 of the paper).
+ Finally, the authors acknowledge Dr. Richard Kim from North Carolina
+ State University for providing the ALF experimental data used in this
+ study.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{97}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{58}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{964TK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305719400006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000300648000005,
+Author = {Sause, M. G. R. and Mueller, T. and Horoschenkoff, A. and Horn, S.},
+Title = {{Quantification of failure mechanisms in mode-I loading of fiber
+ reinforced plastics utilizing acoustic emission analysis}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{167-174}},
+Month = {{JAN 18}},
+Abstract = {{Acoustic emission signals originating from interlaminar crack
+ propagation in fiber reinforced composites were recorded during double
+ cantilever beam testing. The acoustic emission signals detected during
+ testing were analyzed by feature based pattern recognition techniques.
+ In previous studies it was demonstrated that the presented approach for
+ detection of distinct types of acoustic emission signals is suitable.
+ The subsequent correlation of distinct acoustic emission signal types to
+ microscopic failure mechanisms is based on two procedures. Firstly, the
+ frequency of occurrence of the distinct signal types is correlated to
+ different specimens' fracture surface microstructure. Secondly, a
+ comparison is made between experimental signals and signals resulting
+ from finite element simulations based on a validated model for
+ simulation of acoustic emission signals of typical failure mechanisms in
+ fiber reinforced plastics. A distinction is made between fiber breakage,
+ matrix cracking and interface failure. It is demonstrated, that the
+ feature values extracted from simulated signals coincide well with those
+ of experimental signals. As a result the applicability of the acoustic
+ emission signal classification method for analysis of failure in carbon
+ fiber and glass fiber reinforced plastics under mode-I loading
+ conditions has been demonstrated. The quantification of matrix cracking,
+ interfacial failure and fiber breakage was evaluated by interpretation
+ of the obtained distributions of acoustic emission signals types in
+ terms of fracture mechanics. The accumulated acoustic emission signal
+ amplitudes show strong correlation to the mechanical properties of the
+ specimens. Moreover, the changes in contribution to the different
+ failure types explain the observed variation in failure behavior of the
+ individual specimens quantitatively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sause, MGR (Reprint Author), Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany.
+ Sause, M. G. R.; Horn, S., Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany.
+ Mueller, T.; Horoschenkoff, A., Univ Appl Sci, Dept Mech Automot \& Aeronaut Engn, D-80335 Munich, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.10.013}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1050}},
+Keywords = {{Acoustic emission; Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Fracture toughness;
+ Delamination; Damage mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE CHARACTERIZATION; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; PATTERN-RECOGNITION;
+ COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; IDENTIFICATION; MICROCRACKING; FRACTURE; SIGNALS;
+ MATRIX}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{markus.sause@physik.uni-augsburg.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{horn, siegfried/G-5152-2012}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{897JW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000300648000005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000300497200009,
+Author = {van der Meer, F. P. and Sluys, L. J. and Hallett, S. R. and Wisnom, M.
+ R.},
+Title = {{Computational modeling of complex failure mechanisms in laminates}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{5}},
+Pages = {{603-623}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{A computational framework for the simulation of progressive failure in
+ composite laminates is presented. The phantom-node method (a variation
+ to the XFEM) is used for a mesh-independent representation of matrix
+ cracks as straight discontinuities in the displacement field.
+ Furthermore, interface elements are used for delamination and a
+ continuum damage model for fiber failure. The framework is validated
+ against experimental observations for open-hole tests and compact
+ tension tests. It is shown that different failure mechanisms are
+ captured well, which allows for the prediction of size effects.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{van der Meer, FP (Reprint Author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn \& Geosci, POB 5048, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
+ van der Meer, F. P.; Sluys, L. J., Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn \& Geosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
+ Hallett, S. R.; Wisnom, M. R., Univ Bristol, Adv Composites Ctr Innovat \& Sci, Bristol, Avon, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/0021998311410473}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9983}},
+Keywords = {{Progressive failure; laminate; finite element analysis; validation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; HOFFMAN YIELD
+ CRITERION; DAMAGE MODEL; PART I; PROGRESSIVE DELAMINATION; NUMERICAL
+ SIMULATIONS; NOTCHED COMPOSITES; PREDICTING FAILURE; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{f.p.vandermeer@tudelft.nl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011
+ Sluys, Lambertus/B-2835-2014
+ van der Meer, Frans/N-5073-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323
+ van der Meer, Frans/0000-0002-6691-1259}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Technology Foundation STW {[}DCB 6623]; Ministry of Public Works and
+ Water Management, The Netherlands}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study was supported by Technology Foundation STW (grant DCB 6623)
+ and the Ministry of Public Works and Water Management, The Netherlands.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{70}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Compos Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{895LH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000300497200009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000297676400010,
+Author = {Voyiadjis, George Z. and Shojaei, Amir and Li, Guoqiang and Kattan,
+ Peter I.},
+Title = {{A theory of anisotropic healing and damage mechanics of materials}},
+Journal = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING
+ SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{468}},
+Number = {{2137}},
+Pages = {{163-183}},
+Month = {{JAN 8}},
+Abstract = {{Self-healing smart materials have emerged into the research arena and
+ have been deployed in industrial and biomedical applications, in which
+ the modelling techniques and predicting schemes are crucial for
+ designers to optimize these smart materials. In practice, plastic
+ deformation is coupled with damage and healing in these systems, which
+ necessitates a coupled formulation for characterization. The
+ thermodynamics of inelastic deformation, damage and healing processes
+ are incorporated here to establish the coupled constitutive equations
+ for healing materials. This thermodynamic consistent formulation
+ provides the designers with the ability to predict the irregular
+ inelastic deformation of glassy polymers and damage and healing patterns
+ for a highly anisotropic self-healing system. Moreover, the lack of a
+ physically consistent method to measure and calibrate the healing
+ process in the literature is addressed here. Within the continuum damage
+ mechanics (CDM) framework, the physics of damage and healing processes
+ is used to introduce the healing effect into the CDM concept and a set
+ of two new anisotropic damage-healing variables are derived. These novel
+ damage-healing variables together with the proposed thermodynamic
+ consistent coupled theory constitute a well-structured method for
+ accurately predicting the degradation and healing mechanisms in material
+ systems. The inelastic and damage response for a shape memory
+ polymer-based self-healing system is captured herein. While the healing
+ experimental results are limited in the literature, the proposed theory
+ provides the mathematical competency to capture the most nonlinear
+ responses.}},
+Publisher = {{ROYAL SOC}},
+Address = {{6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Voyiadjis, GZ (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Voyiadjis, George Z.; Kattan, Peter I., Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Shojaei, Amir; Li, Guoqiang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Voyiadjis, George Z., Hanyang Univ, World Class Univ Project, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea.
+ Li, Guoqiang, Southern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1098/rspa.2011.0326}},
+ISSN = {{1364-5021}},
+EISSN = {{1471-2946}},
+Keywords = {{plasticity; continuum damage-healing mechanics; polymers; self-healing
+ materials; thermodynamic framework}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LARGE INELASTIC DEFORMATION; GLASSY-POLYMERS; FABRIC TENSORS; SYNTACTIC
+ FOAM; THERMOMECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS;
+ PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SOLID POLYMERS; MICRO-CRACKS; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
+Author-Email = {{voyiadjis@eng.lsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Shojaei, Amir/H-6035-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Shojaei, Amir/0000-0001-7077-4624}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSF {[}CMMI0900064, HRD0932300]; National Research Foundation of Korea}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study was sponsored by NSF under grant nos CMMI0900064 and
+ HRD0932300. The financial support by NSF was greatly appreciated. G.Z.V.
+ acknowledges the collaboration with Prof. Taehyo Park of the Hanyang
+ University, Seoul, Korea, under the World Class University project
+ funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{38}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{856WX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000297676400010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305842600026,
+Author = {Andreaus, U. and Baragatti, P.},
+Title = {{Experimental damage detection of cracked beams by using nonlinear
+ characteristics of forced response}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Pages = {{382-404}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Experimental evaluation of the flexural forced vibrations of a steel
+ cantilever beam having a transverse surface crack extending uniformly
+ along the width of the beam was performed, where an actual fatigue crack
+ was introduced instead - as usual - of a narrow slot.
+ The nonlinear aspects of the dynamic response of the beam under harmonic
+ excitation were considered and the relevant quantitative parameters were
+ evaluated, in order to relate the nonlinear resonances to the presence
+ and size of the crack.
+ To this end, the existence of sub- and super-harmonic components in the
+ Fourier spectra of the acceleration signals was evidenced, and their
+ amplitudes were quantified. In particular, the acceleration signals were
+ measured in different positions along the beam axis and under different
+ forcing levels at the beam tip.
+ The remarkable relevance of the above mentioned nonlinear
+ characteristics, and their substantial independence on force magnitude
+ and measurement point were worthily noted in comparison with the
+ behavior of the intact beam.
+ Thus, a reliable method of damage detection was proposed which was based
+ on simple tests requiring only harmonically forcing and acceleration
+ measuring in any point non-necessarily near the crack
+ Then, the time-history of the acceleration recorded at the beam tip was
+ numerically processed in order to obtain the time-histories of velocity
+ and displacement. The nonlinear features of the forced response were
+ described and given a physical interpretation in order to define
+ parameters suitable for damage detection. The efficiency of such
+ parameters was discussed with respect to the their capability of
+ detecting damage and a procedure for damage detection was proposed which
+ was able to detect even small cracks by using simple instruments. A
+ finite element model of the cantilever beam was finally assembled and
+ tuned in order to numerically simulate the results of the experimental
+ tests. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Andreaus, U (Reprint Author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Fac Ingn Civile \& Ind, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale \& Geotecn, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
+ Andreaus, U.; Baragatti, P., Univ Roma La Sapienza, Fac Ingn Civile \& Ind, Dipartimento Ingn Strutturale \& Geotecn, I-00184 Rome, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.04.007}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{Cracked beam; Experimental tests; Forced vibrations; Nonlinear
+ resonances; Numerical model; Damage detection}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{VARYING ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; CANTILEVER BEAM; BREATHING CRACK;
+ FATIGUE-CRACK; VIBRATION BEHAVIOR; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION;
+ INTEGRATION; LOCATION; DYNAMICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{ugo.andreaus@uniroma1.it}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{``Sapienza{''} University of Rome {[}C26A059503, C26A07TELB]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The tests were performed in the Laboratory for Testing Materials and
+ Structures of the Department of Structural Engineering, ``Sapienza{''}
+ University of Rome, Faculty of Engineering. The authors wish to thank
+ the Laboratory staff for the their help in designing and constructing
+ specimens, supports and testing set-up, in performing tests and
+ recording results. This research has been partially funded by ``Progetto
+ di Ateneo 2006{''} No. C26A059503 and ``Progetto di Universita{''} No.
+ C26A07TELB of ``Sapienza{''} University of Rome.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{966MS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305842600026}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000311242300003,
+Author = {Bouvet, C. and Rivallant, S. and Barrau, J. J.},
+Title = {{Low velocity impact modeling in composite laminates capturing permanent
+ indentation}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{16}},
+Pages = {{1977-1988}},
+Month = {{NOV 16}},
+Abstract = {{This paper deals with impact damage and permanent indentation modeling.
+ A numerical model has been elaborated in order to simulate the different
+ impact damage types developing during low velocity/low energy impact.
+ The three current damage types: matrix cracking, fiber failure and
+ delamination, are simulated. Inter-laminar damage, i.e. interface
+ delamination, is conventionally simulated using interface elements based
+ on fracture mechanics. Intra-laminar damage, i.e. matrix cracks, is
+ simulated using interface elements based on failure criterion. Fiber
+ failure is simulated using degradation in the volume elements. The
+ originality of this model is to simulate permanent indentation after
+ impact with a ``plastic-like{''} model introduced in the matrix cracking
+ elements. This model type is based on experimental observations showing
+ matrix cracking debris which block crack closure. Lastly, experimental
+ validation is performed, which demonstrates the model's satisfactory
+ relevance in simulating impact damage. This acceptable match between
+ experiment and modeling confirms the interest of the novel approach
+ proposed in this paper to describe the physics behind permanent
+ indentation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bouvet, C (Reprint Author), Univ Toulouse, INSA,UPS Mines Albi, ISAE, ICA Inst Clement Ader, 10 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31055 Toulouse 4, France.
+ Bouvet, C.; Rivallant, S.; Barrau, J. J., Univ Toulouse, INSA,UPS Mines Albi, ISAE, ICA Inst Clement Ader, F-31055 Toulouse 4, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.08.019}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Impact behavior; Damage tolerance; Delamination}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PROGRESSIVE FAILURE MODEL; INTERFACE ELEMENTS; DAMAGE; DELAMINATION;
+ MATRIX; PLATES; PANELS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{christophe.bouvet@isae.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Rivallant, Samuel/0000-0002-8882-3161}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{039JQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000311242300003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000302758100016,
+Author = {Laffan, M. J. and Pinho, S. T. and Robinson, P. and McMillan, A. J.},
+Title = {{Translaminar fracture toughness testing of composites: A review}},
+Journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{481-489}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A comprehensive review of techniques for the experimental
+ characterisation of the fracture toughness associated with the
+ translaminar (fibre-breaking) failure modes of continuously reinforced
+ laminated composites is presented. The collection of work relating to
+ tensile failure reveals a varied approach in terms of specimen
+ configuration, size and data reduction, despite the existence of an ASTM
+ standard. Best practices are identified and suggestions for extending
+ the scope of the current standard are made. Works on compressive failure
+ are found to be less comprehensive. Measurement of the toughness
+ associated with initiation of the failure mode in isolation has been
+ achieved, but this review finds that significant research steps need to
+ be taken before a resistance curve can be fully characterised. (C) 2012
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Laffan, MJ (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ Laffan, M. J.; Pinho, S. T.; Robinson, P., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ McMillan, A. J., Rolls Royce Plc, Derby DE24 8BJ, England.
+ McMillan, A. J., Univ Bristol, ACCIS, Bristol BS8 1US, Avon, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.01.002}},
+ISSN = {{0142-9418}},
+Keywords = {{Composite; Fracture toughness; Damage tolerance; Notch}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPRESSIVE FAILURE; EPOXY COMPOSITES; BORON ALUMINUM; FIBER KINKING;
+ CARBON-FIBERS; CRACK-GROWTH; PLY LAMINATE; DAMAGE; CFRP; IMPLEMENTATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Polymer Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing; Polymer Science}},
+Author-Email = {{matthew.laffan@imperial.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pinho, Silvestre/B-4618-2012
+ McMillan, Alison/E-7848-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{McMillan, Alison/0000-0003-4191-096X
+ Pinho, Silvestre/0000-0001-5727-7041}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Rolls-Royce plc
+ under a CASE {[}CASE/CNA/06/41]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The funding of this research from the Engineering and Physical Sciences
+ Research Council and Rolls-Royce plc under a CASE award
+ {[}CASE/CNA/06/41] is gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{59}},
+Times-Cited = {{36}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{55}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Polym. Test}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{925JS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000302758100016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000307416100006,
+Author = {Basirat, M. and Shrestha, T. and Potirniche, G. P. and Charit, I. and
+ Rink, K.},
+Title = {{A study of the creep behavior of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel using
+ continuum-damage modeling}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Pages = {{95-107}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{A micromechanical model is developed for the evaluation of creep
+ deformation and rupture times of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel specimens. Creep
+ deformation in metals is generally induced by the dislocation
+ generation, motion, and annihilation. To evaluate the creep behavior of
+ the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel the Orowan's equation was employed, which is
+ valid for both glide and climb-controlled dislocation movement. The
+ evolution of the dislocation density was modeled by considering the
+ generation and annihilation of single and dipole dislocations. In
+ addition to dislocation motion as a basis for creep deformation, there
+ are several other factors which determine the creep resistance of this
+ steel. Among these, the most significant are precipitate coarsening,
+ solid solutions depletion, and void/crack nucleation and growth. The
+ evolution of these mechanisms during creep deformation was accounted for
+ by introducing specific continuum damage terms. Creep tests were also
+ performed at several stress and temperature levels. The comparison of
+ the numerical model results with the experimental data showed
+ satisfactory agreement. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Potirniche, GP (Reprint Author), Univ Idaho, Dept Mech Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
+ Basirat, M.; Potirniche, G. P.; Rink, K., Univ Idaho, Dept Mech Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
+ Shrestha, T.; Charit, I., Univ Idaho, Dept Chem \& Mat Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2012.04.004}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+Keywords = {{Creep; Dislocations; Elastic-viscoplastic material; Mechanical testing;
+ 9Cr-1Mo steel}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SOLID-SOLUTIONS; SINGLE-PHASE; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURES; EVOLUTION;
+ STRENGTH; FAILURE; STRAIN; MOTION; ALLOY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{gabrielp@uidaho.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) through DOE {[}42246]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the Nuclear Energy
+ University Program (NEUP) for providing the financial support for this
+ research through DOE Grant 42246, release 59.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{987KP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000307416100006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000304844400033,
+Author = {Padilla, E. and Jakkali, V. and Jiang, L. and Chawla, N.},
+Title = {{Quantifying the effect of porosity on the evolution of deformation and
+ damage in Sn-based solder joints by X-ray microtomography and
+ microstructure-based finite element modeling}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{60}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{4017-4026}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{The presence of reflow porosity in Sn-based solder alloys is one of the
+ key factors affecting their reliability and mechanical performance. In
+ this study we have used X-ray microtomography to visualize the reflow
+ porosity in a Pb-free solder joint and to reconstruct a
+ three-dimensional model based on the exact geometry of the pores.
+ Interrupted shear tests and subsequent tomography were conducted to
+ image the joint at several stages of deformation. The initial
+ reconstructed microstructure was used as a basis for a finite element
+ (FE) model to simulate damage and predict failure of the single lap
+ shear joint. Sphericity analysis was conducted to verify the accuracy of
+ the FE results. The deformation predicted by the FE simulation
+ incorporating the ductile damage model showed very good agreement with
+ experimental observations. The model was also able to accurately predict
+ the crack nucleation sites and propagation path. (C) 2012 Acta
+ Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chawla, N (Reprint Author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
+ Padilla, E.; Jakkali, V.; Jiang, L.; Chawla, N., Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2012.03.048}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{3-D materials science; Pb-free solder; Porosity; Finite element method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{3-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; FATIGUE
+ RESISTANCE; TOMOGRAPHY; ALLOYS; SEGMENTATION; VOIDS; VISUALIZATION;
+ COMPOSITES; DEFECTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{nchawla@asu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chawla, Nikhilesh/A-3433-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chawla, Nikhilesh/0000-0002-4478-8552}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful for financial support from the Semiconductor
+ Research Corporation (SRC) and useful discussions with several
+ industrial liaisons, including Dr. Peter Brofman (IBM) and Dr. Ravi
+ Mahajan (Intel). We also thank Dr. Mario Pacheco (Intel) for providing
+ his time and access to the microtomography tool.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{53}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{953CL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000304844400033}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000297612000010,
+Author = {Warhadpande, Anurag and Sadeghi, Farshid and Kotzalas, Michael N. and
+ Doll, Gary},
+Title = {{Effects of plasticity on subsurface initiated spalling in rolling
+ contact fatigue}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{36}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{80-95}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{In this investigation an elastic-plastic Voronoi finite element (EPVFE)
+ model for rolling contact fatigue of Hertzian line contact was
+ developed. The EFVFE model coupled with damage mechanics approach is
+ used to investigate rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of tribo-components.
+ Mises based plasticity model with kinematic hardening was employed to
+ incorporate the effects of material plasticity. The model considers
+ both; stress and accumulated plastic strain based damage laws in the
+ constitutive damage modeling. The results indicate that once a fatigue
+ crack initiates within the domain, the fatigue damage induced due to the
+ accumulated plastic strains around the crack tip drives the majority of
+ the crack propagation stage. The results from this investigation reveal
+ that depending on the contact pressure the crack propagation stage can
+ constitute 15-40\% of the total life. The spall shape, fatigue lives and
+ Weibull slopes obtained from the EPVFE model correlate well with the
+ experimental results. The developed model was also used to investigate
+ the effects of initial material imperfections such as inclusions and
+ elastic modulus inhomogeneity on the fatigue lives. The results indicate
+ that material flaws within the domain lead to a significant decrease in
+ fatigue lives and increase in life scatter. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sadeghi, F (Reprint Author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
+ Warhadpande, Anurag; Sadeghi, Farshid, Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
+ Kotzalas, Michael N.; Doll, Gary, Timken Technol Ctr, Canton, OH 44706 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.08.012}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Elastic-plastic; Mises plasticity; Kinematic hardening; Damage
+ mechanics; Rolling contact fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RESIDUAL-STRESSES; DEFORMATION; BEARINGS; STEEL; BALL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{awarhadp@purdue.edu
+ sadeghi@ecn.purdue.edu
+ michael.kotzalas@timken.com
+ gary.doll@timken.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Warhadpande, Anurag/N-9097-2015}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Timken Company}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to express their deepest appreciation to Timken
+ Company for their support of this project.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{856BR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000297612000010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000298523200013,
+Author = {Yasaee, M. and Bond, I. P. and Trask, R. S. and Greenhalgh, E. S.},
+Title = {{Mode II interfacial toughening through discontinuous interleaves for
+ damage suppression and control}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{43}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{121-128}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{An investigation is described concerning the interaction of propagating
+ inter-laminar cracks with embedded strips of interleaved materials in
+ E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite. The approach deploys inter-ply
+ strips of thermoplastic film, chopped aramid fibres, pre-impregnated
+ fibre reinforced tape and thermosetting adhesive film, ahead of the
+ crack path on the mid-plane of end loaded split (ELS) specimens
+ promoting energy absorbing mechanisms, at low strain rates, through
+ interfacial toughening ahead of the propagating crack.
+ Following experimental mode II tests, the features were observed to
+ imbue an apparent increase in the toughness of the parent material and
+ suppression of crack growth. The mechanism behind the energy absorption
+ and the behaviour of the crack interaction at the boundary of the
+ interleave edge on ingress and egress were analysed using fractographic
+ processes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bond, IP (Reprint Author), Univ Bristol, ACCIS, Queens Bldg, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ Yasaee, M.; Bond, I. P.; Trask, R. S., Univ Bristol, ACCIS, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ Greenhalgh, E. S., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Composites Ctr, London SW7 2AZ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.09.026}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+Keywords = {{Crack arrest; Fracture toughness; Delamination; Fractography}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER EPOXY COMPOSITE; NOTCHED FLEXURE TEST; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS;
+ INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE; DELAMINATION RESISTANCE; IMPACT; BEHAVIOR; BEND}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{m.yasaee@bristol.ac.uk
+ i.p.bond@bristol.ac.uk
+ r.s.trask@bristol.ac.uk
+ e.greenhalgh@imperial.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Greenhalgh, Emile/G-9172-2011
+ Trask, Richard/P-2314-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Yasaee, Mehdi/0000-0002-7137-7011
+ Trask, Richard/0000-0002-8082-8179
+ Bond, Ian/0000-0003-0526-5836}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); UK
+ Ministry of Defence via Defence Science and Technology Laboratory under
+ CRASHCOMPS {[}EP/G003599]; Airbus UK}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences
+ Research Council (EPSRC) and UK Ministry of Defence via Defence Science
+ and Technology Laboratory for funding this work under CRASHCOMPS
+ (EP/G003599), Airbus UK for their additional financial support and Dr.
+ Amir Rezai and Dr. David Fishpool at BAE Systems ATC Sowerby for their
+ assistance with the mode II ELS testing. Thanks and gratitude also goes
+ to Spyros Tsampas for his assistance with the SEM analysis.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{35}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{868KW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000298523200013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000308057100031,
+Author = {Ghafoori, E. and Motavalli, M. and Botsis, J. and Herwig, A. and Galli,
+ M.},
+Title = {{Fatigue strengthening of damaged metallic beams using prestressed
+ unbonded and bonded CFRP plates}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Pages = {{303-315}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{Bonded fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) reinforcement systems have
+ traditionally been found to be an efficient method for improving the
+ lifespan of fatigued metallic structures and have attracted much
+ research attention. Nevertheless, the performance of a bonded FRP
+ reinforcement system under fatigue loading is basically dependent on the
+ FRP-to-metal bond behavior. In this paper, a prestressed unbonded
+ reinforcement (PUR) system was developed. The proposed PUR system can be
+ used as an alternative to bonded FRP reinforcement, particularly when
+ there is concern about the effects of high ambient temperatures,
+ moisture, water and fatigue loading on the FRP-to-metal bond behavior.
+ The performance of cracked beams strengthened by the PUR system was
+ compared with that of cracked beams strengthened by the prestressed
+ bonded reinforcement (PBR) system. A theoretical method was developed to
+ estimate the level of prestressing sufficient to arrest fatigue crack
+ growth (FCG). Furthermore, the method was used to examine different
+ passive, semi-active and active crack modes with a loaded, strengthened
+ beam. The mechanism by which a prestressed FRP plate forms a compressive
+ stress field at the vicinity of the crack tip was also examined. Finite
+ element (FE) modeling was conducted and the results were compared with
+ experimental results. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ghafoori, E (Reprint Author), Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci \& Technol Empa, Struct Engn Res Lab, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ Ghafoori, E.; Motavalli, M.; Herwig, A., Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci \& Technol Empa, Struct Engn Res Lab, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ Ghafoori, E.; Botsis, J.; Galli, M., Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL, Lab Mecan Appl \& Anal Fiabilite LMAF, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.03.006}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue strengthening; Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP); Steel
+ beams; Fatigue crack growth (FCG); Fracture mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STEEL BEAMS; COMPOSITE PLATES; BEHAVIOR; MEMBERS; DELAMINATION;
+ PREDICTION; SYSTEM; PATCH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{elyas.ghafoori@empa.ch}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Galli, Matteo/D-4749-2009
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ghafoori, Elyas/0000-0002-4924-0668}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{996AT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000308057100031}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305719400005,
+Author = {Darabi, Masoud K. and Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K. and Masad, Eyad A. and
+ Little, Dallas N.},
+Title = {{A thermodynamic framework for constitutive modeling of time- and
+ rate-dependent materials. Part II: Numerical aspects and application to
+ asphalt concrete}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Pages = {{67-99}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, we present within the finite element context the
+ numerical algorithm for the integration of the thermodynamically
+ consistent thermo-viscoelastic, thermo-viscoplastic, thermo-viscodamage,
+ and thermo-healing constitutive equations derived in the first part of
+ this paper. The nonlinear viscoelastic model is implemented using a
+ recursive-iterative algorithm, whereas an extension of the classical
+ rate-independent return mapping algorithm to the rate-dependent problems
+ is used for numerical implementation of the visco-plasticity model.
+ Moreover, the healing natural configuration along with the power
+ transformation equivalence hypothesis, proposed in the first part of the
+ paper, are used for the implementation of the viscodamage and
+ micro-damage healing models. Hence, the thermo-viscoelastic and
+ thermo-viscoplastic models are also implemented in the healing
+ configuration. These numerical algorithms are implemented in the
+ well-known finite element code Abaqus via the user material subroutine
+ UMAT. A systematic procedure for identification of model parameters is
+ presented. The model is then used to simulate the time-, temperature-,
+ and rate-dependent response of asphalt concrete over an extensive set of
+ experimental measurements including creep-recovery, creep, triaxial,
+ constant strain rate, and repeated creep-recovery tests in both tension
+ and compression. Comparisons of the model predictions and the
+ experimental measurements show that the model is capable of predicting
+ the nonlinear behavior of asphalt concrete subjected to different
+ loading conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Abu Al-Rub, RK (Reprint Author), Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Darabi, Masoud K.; Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K.; Masad, Eyad A.; Little, Dallas N., Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Masad, Eyad A., Texas A\&M Univ Qatar, Mech Engn Program, Doha, Qatar.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2012.02.003}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{Viscoelasticity; Non-associative viscoplasticity; Viscodamage;
+ Micro-damage healing; Asphalt concrete}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL; VISCOELASTIC-VISCOPLASTIC MODEL; LOCALIZATION
+ PROBLEMS; CRACK INITIATION; MEDIA; VISCODAMAGE; FORMULATION; MECHANICS;
+ IMPLEMENTATION; SOLIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{rabualrub@civil.tamu.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) through the National Priority
+ Research Program (NPRP) {[}08-310-2-110]; QNRF; Asphalt Research
+ Consortium through the US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by
+ Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) through the National Priority
+ Research Program (NPRP) Grant \# {[}08-310-2-110]. QNRF funded the work
+ on experimental validation of the constitutive models presented in
+ Sections 3 and 4. Also, the financial support provided by the Asphalt
+ Research Consortium through the US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
+ is acknowledged for Section 2. The authors would like also to thank Dr.
+ Gordon D. Airey from Nottingham University for providing the
+ experimental data used in for calibration and validation.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{62}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{69}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{964TK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305719400005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305208500009,
+Author = {Yang, Sheng-Qi and Jing, Hong-Wen and Wang, Shan-Yong},
+Title = {{Experimental Investigation on the Strength, Deformability, Failure
+ Behavior and Acoustic Emission Locations of Red Sandstone Under Triaxial
+ Compression}},
+Journal = {{ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{45}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{583-606}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Conventional triaxial compression and ``reducing confining pressure{''}
+ experiments were carried out for red sandstone by an MTS815 Flex Test GT
+ rock mechanics experimental system. Our results show that the post-peak
+ axial deformation characteristics of red sandstone changed as the
+ confining pressure was increased from 5 to 65 MPa. Young's modulus of
+ red sandstone increased nonlinearly with increasing confining pressure,
+ but Poisson's ratio remained unaffected. Using our new data, the
+ compactive and dilatant behavior, strength and failure characteristics
+ of sandstone under triaxial compression are further discussed. For our
+ data, the nonlinear Hoek-Brown criterion better reflects the peak
+ strength properties than the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. However, the
+ residual strength shows a clear linear relationship with confining
+ pressure, which can be best described using the linear Mohr-Coulomb
+ criterion. The peak and residual strengths were not directly related to
+ the two different loading paths. The onset of dilatancy (C'), the switch
+ from compaction-dominated to dilatant-dominated behavior (D') and the
+ stress at zero volumetric strain all increased linearly with the
+ confining pressure. In our conventional triaxial compression
+ experiments, the failure mode changed from mixed tension and shear
+ fracture (single shear fracture) to shear fracture with double slippage
+ planes with increasing confining pressure. However, the failure mode in
+ our ``reducing confining pressure{''} experiments was more complicated
+ and results mainly from the unstable failure characteristics of the rock
+ during the reduction in confining pressure. Finally, based on our
+ acoustic emission (AE) locations, at a confining pressure of 35 MPa, a
+ detailed analysis of the evolutionary process of internal cracks is
+ presented for the entire loading process.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER WIEN}},
+Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yang, SQ (Reprint Author), China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Sch Mech \& Civil Engn, Xuzhou 221008, Peoples R China.
+ Yang, Sheng-Qi; Jing, Hong-Wen, China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Sch Mech \& Civil Engn, Xuzhou 221008, Peoples R China.
+ Wang, Shan-Yong, Univ Newcastle, Ctr Geotech \& Mat Modelling, Callaghan, NSW 2238, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00603-011-0208-8}},
+ISSN = {{0723-2632}},
+Keywords = {{Red sandstone; Triaxial compression; Strength; Deformation behavior;
+ Failure characteristics; AE locations}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POROUS SANDSTONES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; SPATIAL EVOLUTION; DAMAGE; MODE;
+ ROCK; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; LOCALIZATION; TRANSITION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yangsqi@hotmail.com}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51179189, 51074162];
+ China Postdoctoral Science Foundation {[}201104585]; Qing Lan Project of
+ Jiangsu Province}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
+ of China (grant no. 51179189, 51074162), a China Postdoctoral Science
+ Foundation specially funded project (grant no. 201104585) and a Qing Lan
+ Project of Jiangsu Province (2010). We also would like to express our
+ sincere gratitude to the editor, two anonymous reviewers and Mike Heap
+ for their valuable comments, which have greatly improved this paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{17}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{76}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Rock Mech. Rock Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{958AO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305208500009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000304744400031,
+Author = {Grassl, Peter and Gregoire, David and Solano, Laura Rojas and
+ Pijaudier-Cabot, Gilles},
+Title = {{Meso-scale modelling of the size effect on the fracture process zone of
+ concrete}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{13}},
+Pages = {{1818-1827}},
+Month = {{JUN 15}},
+Abstract = {{The size effect on the fracture process zone in notched and unnotched
+ three point bending tests of concrete beams is analysed by a meso-scale
+ approach. Concrete is modelled at the meso-scale as stiff aggregates
+ embedded in a soft matrix separated by weak interfaces. The mechanical
+ response of the three phases is modelled by a discrete lattice approach.
+ The model parameters were chosen so that the global model response in
+ the form of load-crack mouth opening displacement curves were in
+ agreement with experimental results reported in the literature. The
+ fracture process zone of concrete is determined numerically by
+ evaluating the average of spatial distribution of dissipated energy
+ densities of random meso-scale analyses. The influence of size and
+ boundary conditions on the fracture process zone in concrete is
+ investigated by comparing the results for beams of different sizes and
+ boundary conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Grassl, P (Reprint Author), Univ Glasgow, Sch Engn, Glasgow G128LT, Lanark, Scotland.
+ Grassl, Peter, Univ Glasgow, Sch Engn, Glasgow G128LT, Lanark, Scotland.
+ Gregoire, David; Solano, Laura Rojas; Pijaudier-Cabot, Gilles, Univ Pau \& Pays Adour, Lab Fluides Complexes \& Leurs Reservoirs, F-64010 Pau, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.03.023}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Size effect; Fracture process zone; Lattice; Concrete; Meso-scale;
+ Fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SIMULATION; CRACK; PLASTICITY; DIMENSIONS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{peter.grassl@glasgow.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gregoire, David/A-2285-2012
+ Grassl, Peter/A-1739-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Gregoire, David/0000-0003-4313-460X
+ Grassl, Peter/0000-0002-5862-4460}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{ERC {[}27769]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Partial financial support by the ERC advanced grant Failflow (27769) is
+ gratefully acknowledged. The meso-scale analyses were performed with the
+ finite element package OOFEM (Patzak, 1999; Patzak and Bittnar, 2001)
+ extended by the present authors.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{54}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{951UB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000304744400031}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000301637500056,
+Author = {Jahanshahi, Mohammad R. and Masri, Sami F.},
+Title = {{Adaptive vision-based crack detection using 3D scene reconstruction for
+ condition assessment of structures}},
+Journal = {{AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{22}},
+Number = {{SI}},
+Pages = {{567-576}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Current inspection standards require an inspector to travel to a target
+ structure site and visually assess the structure's condition. This
+ approach is labor-intensive, yet highly qualitative. A less
+ time-consuming and inexpensive alternative to current monitoring methods
+ is to use a robotic system that could inspect structures more
+ frequently, and perform autonomous damage detection. In this paper, a
+ vision-based crack detection methodology is introduced. The proposed
+ approach processes 2D digital images (image processing) by considering
+ the geometry of the scene (computer vision). The crack segmentation
+ parameters are adjusted automatically based on depth parameters. The
+ depth perception is obtained using 3D scene reconstruction. This system
+ extracts the whole crack from its background, where the regular
+ edge-based approaches just segment the crack edges. This characteristic
+ is appropriate for the development of a crack thickness quantification
+ system. Experimental tests have been carried out to evaluate the
+ performance of the proposed system. (C) 2011 Elsevier BM. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jahanshahi, MR (Reprint Author), Univ So Calif, Sonny Astani Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
+ Jahanshahi, Mohammad R.; Masri, Sami F., Univ So Calif, Sonny Astani Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.autcon.2011.11.018}},
+ISSN = {{0926-5805}},
+Keywords = {{Crack detection; Computer vision; Image processing; Pattern
+ classification; 3D scene reconstruction; Morphological operation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SYSTEM; INFRASTRUCTURE; INSPECTION; IMAGES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{jahansha@usc.edu
+ masri@usc.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{U.S. National Science Foundation}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study was supported in part by grants from the U.S. National
+ Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank Dr. Zahra Tehrani
+ for her critical reading of the manuscript.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Autom. Constr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{910LF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000301637500056}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305988100022,
+Author = {Li, Diansen and Fang, Daining and Zhang, Guobing and Hu, Hong},
+Title = {{Effect of temperature on bending properties and failure mechanism of
+ three-dimensional braided composite}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS \& DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Pages = {{167-170}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper reports the effect of temperature on the bending properties
+ and failure mechanism of a three-dimensional E-glass/epoxy
+ four-directionally braided composite. Three-point bending tests of the
+ composite were first performed at five different temperatures. Then the
+ effect of temperature on the load/deflection curves, bending strength
+ and bending stiffness were analyzed. The composite samples after the
+ bending tests were also analyzed through the macro-fracture morphology
+ and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to understand their
+ deformation and failure mechanism. The results have shown that the
+ temperature has significant effect on the bending properties of 3D
+ braided composite and its mechanical performance decreases with the
+ increase of the temperature. At the room temperature, the composite has
+ the highest strength and modulus. It damages with the breaking of fibers
+ and exhibits brittle fracture feature. But at the higher temperature,
+ the composite becomes more softened and plastic. It damages with the
+ micro-cracks of the matrix and debonding of fibers from the matrix. It
+ is expected that the study can provide an experimental basis for the
+ structural design of the 3D braided composites at elevated temperatures.
+ (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hu, H (Reprint Author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Text \& Clothing, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Li, Diansen; Hu, Hong, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Text \& Clothing, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Li, Diansen; Fang, Daining; Zhang, Guobing, Tsinghua Univ, AML, Sch Aerosp, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.055}},
+ISSN = {{0261-3069}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRAIN-RATE; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; PLATES; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{tchuhong@polyu.edu.hk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hu, Hong/L-2287-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hu, Hong/0000-0002-5098-2415}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}10902058]; Key
+ Laboratory Foundation of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
+ Technology of Ministry of Education at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge the financial supports from National Natural
+ Science Foundation of China (No. 10902058) and Key Laboratory Foundation
+ of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry
+ of Education at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University. The authors would also
+ like to deliver their sincere thanks to the editors and anonymous
+ reviewers.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{60}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{968NG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305988100022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000309427100004,
+Author = {Pinho, S. T. and Darvizeh, R. and Robinson, P. and Schuecker, C. and
+ Camanho, P. P.},
+Title = {{Material and structural response of polymer-matrix fibre-reinforced
+ composites}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{19-20, SI}},
+Pages = {{2313-2341}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a pressure-dependent three-dimensional constitutive
+ law to predict failure for laminated composites. The nonlinear
+ constitutive response in shear and in the transverse and
+ through-the-thickness directions, which is measured experimentally, is
+ incorporated directly into the model. In addition, secant stiffnesses
+ are dependent on the state of hydrostatic pressure and on the general
+ state of strain. The failure criteria distinguish between matrix
+ failure, fibre kinking and fibre tensile failure. In-situ strengths are
+ used for matrix failure. Propagation of failure takes into consideration
+ the fracture energy associated with each failure mode and, for matrix
+ failure, the accumulation of cracks in the plies. A detailed discussion
+ is undertaken of the mismatch between the available experimental data
+ and the physical properties required to characterise the constitutive
+ response up to final failure. The model is employed to make blind
+ predictions of the triaxial failure envelopes and stress-strain curves
+ of all 12 test cases provided by the organisers of the second World-Wide
+ Failure Exercise.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pinho, ST (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, S Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ Pinho, S. T.; Darvizeh, R.; Robinson, P., Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Aeronaut, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ Schuecker, C., Luxner Engn ZT, Imst, Austria.
+ Camanho, P. P., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMEGI, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/0021998312454478}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9983}},
+Keywords = {{WWFE-II; 3D model; pressure dependent; progressive failure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES; CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE;
+ UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; COMPRESSIVE FAILURE; PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; GLASSY-POLYMERS; INPLANE
+ SHEAR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{silvestre.pinho@imperial.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pinho, Silvestre/B-4618-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Pinho, Silvestre/0000-0001-5727-7041
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Royal Society; EPSRC {[}EP/F020872/1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{ST Pinho would like to acknowledge the support from the Royal Society
+ through the Research Grants Scheme, and of the EPSRC through Overseas
+ Travel Grant EP/F020872/1. PP Camanho would like to acknowledge the
+ support from the Royal Society through the International Incoming Short
+ Visits programme. All authors would like to acknowledge Dr C Davila's
+ invaluable contribution through many discussions and in proof-reading
+ this manuscript.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{33}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Compos Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{015EA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000309427100004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305712300010,
+Author = {Aggelis, D. G. and Barkoula, N. -M. and Matikas, T. E. and Paipetis, A.
+ S.},
+Title = {{Acoustic structural health monitoring of composite materials: Damage
+ identification and evaluation in cross ply laminates using acoustic
+ emission and ultrasonics}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1127-1133}},
+Month = {{JUN 8}},
+Abstract = {{The characterisation of the damage state of composite structures is
+ often performed using the acoustic behaviour of the composite system.
+ This behaviour is expected to change significantly as the damage is
+ accumulating in the composite. It is indisputable that different damage
+ mechanisms are activated within the composite laminate during loading
+ scenario. These ``damage entities{''} are acting in different space and
+ time scales within the service life of the structure and may be
+ interdependent. It has been argued that different damage mechanisms
+ attribute distinct acoustic behaviour to the composite system. Loading
+ of cross-ply laminates in particular leads to the accumulation of
+ distinct damage mechanisms, such as matrix cracking, delamination
+ between successive plies and fibre rupture at the final stage of
+ loading. As highlighted in this work, the acoustic emission activity is
+ directly linked to the structural health state of the laminate. At the
+ same time, significant changes on the wave propagation characteristics
+ are reported and correlated to damage accumulation in the composite
+ laminate. In the case of cross ply laminates, experimental tests and
+ numerical simulations indicate that, typical to the presence of
+ transverse cracking and/or delamination, is the increase of the pulse
+ velocity and the transmission efficiency of a propagated ultrasonic
+ wave, an indication that the intact longitudinal plies act as wave
+ guides, as the transverse ply deteriorates. Further to transverse
+ cracking and delamination, the accumulation of longitudinal fibre breaks
+ becomes dominant causing the catastrophic failure of the composite and
+ is expected to be directly linked to the acoustic behaviour of the
+ composite, as the stiffness loss results to the velocity decrease of the
+ propagated wave. In view of the above, the scope of the current work is
+ to assess the efficiency of acoustic emission and ultrasonic
+ transmission as a combined methodology for the assessment of the
+ introduced damage and furthermore as a structural health monitoring
+ tool. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Paipetis, AS (Reprint Author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
+ Aggelis, D. G.; Barkoula, N. -M.; Matikas, T. E.; Paipetis, A. S., Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.10.011}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Laminate; Delamination; Transverse cracking; Acoustic emission;
+ Ultrasonics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAVE-PROPAGATION; CONCRETE; DEGRADATION; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{paipetis@cc.uoi.gr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Matikas, Theodore/I-2803-2012
+ Barkoula, Nektaria-Marianthi/I-7569-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Paipetis, Alkiviadis/0000-0001-9668-9719}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{964QR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305712300010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000303621700003,
+Author = {Attar, Mostafa},
+Title = {{A transfer matrix method for free vibration analysis and crack
+ identification of stepped beams with multiple edge cracks and different
+ boundary conditions}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{19-33}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper illustrates an analytical approach to investigating natural
+ frequencies and mode shapes of a stepped beam with an arbitrary number
+ of transverse cracks and general form of boundary conditions. A new
+ method to solve the inverse problem of determining the location and
+ depth of multiple cracks is also presented. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli
+ beam theory, the stepped cracked beam is modeled as an assembly of
+ uniform sub-segments connected by massless rotational springs
+ representing local flexibility induced by the non-propagating edge
+ cracks. A simple transfer matrix method is utilized to obtain the
+ general form of characteristic equation for the cracked beam, which is a
+ function of frequency, the locations and sizes of the cracks, boundary
+ conditions, geometrical and physical parameters of the beam. The
+ proposed method is then used to form a system of 2N equations in order
+ to identify N cracks exploiting 2N measured natural frequencies of the
+ damaged beam. Various numerical examples for both direct and inverse
+ problem are provided to validate the present approach. The results are
+ in good agreement with those obtained by finite element and experimental
+ methods. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Attar, M (Reprint Author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
+ Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2012.01.010}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+Keywords = {{Cracked beam; Natural frequency; Transfer matrix; Characteristic
+ equation; Crack identification}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; BENDING VIBRATIONS;
+ EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; FUNDAMENTAL-FREQUENCY; CANTILEVER BEAM;
+ ROTATING SHAFT; STABILITY; LOCATION; SYSTEMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mostafa@mech.uwa.edu.au}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{936WW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000303621700003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000300647500002,
+Author = {Susmel, Luca and Taylor, David},
+Title = {{A critical distance/plane method to estimate finite life of notched
+ components under variable amplitude uniaxial/multiaxial fatigue loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Pages = {{7-24}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{The present paper summarises the main features of a design technique we
+ have devised to specifically perform, by post-processing the
+ linear-stress fields in the vicinity of the assumed crack initiation
+ sites, the fatigue assessment of notched components subjected to
+ in-service variable amplitude (VA) uniaxial/multiaxial fatigue loading.
+ In more detail, fatigue damage is estimated through the Modified Miller
+ Curve Method (MWCM) applied along with the Theory of Critical Distances
+ (TCDs), the latter being used in the form of the Point Method (PM).
+ According to the philosophy on which the linear-elastic TCD is based,
+ the adopted critical distance is treated as a material property whose
+ length increases as the number of cycles to failure decreases. To
+ correctly apply the MWCM, the orientation of the critical plane is
+ suggested here as being calculated through that direction experiencing
+ the maximum variance of the resolved shear stress. Further, the above
+ direction is used also to perform the cycle counting: since, by
+ definition, the resolved shear stress is a monodimensional stress
+ quantity, fatigue cycles are counted by taking full advantage of the
+ classical three-point Rain Flow method. From a philosophical point of
+ view, the real novelty contained in the present paper is that eventually
+ all the different pieces of theoretical work we have done over the last
+ 15 years by investigating different aspects of the uniaxial/multiaxial
+ fatigue issue are consistently brought together by formalising a design
+ methodology of general validity. The accuracy and reliability of the
+ proposed fatigue assessment technique was checked by using 124
+ experimental results generated by testing notched cylindrical samples of
+ carbon steel C40. The above tests were run under three different load
+ spectra, by exploring uniaxial as well as in- and out-of-phase biaxial
+ situations, in the latter case the axial and torsional load signals
+ being not only characterised by non-zero mean values, but also by
+ different frequencies. To conclude it can be said that such a systematic
+ validation exercise allowed us to prove that the proposed approach is
+ highly accurate, resulting in estimates falling within the constant
+ amplitude (CA) fully-reversed uniaxial and torsional scatter bands used
+ to calibrate the method itself (this holding true independently of both
+ complexity of the applied VA loading path and sharpness of the tested
+ notch). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Susmel, L (Reprint Author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
+ Susmel, Luca, Univ Sheffield, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
+ Taylor, David, Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.11.015}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+Keywords = {{Theory of critical distances; Notch; Critical plane; Variable amplitude
+ loading}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; CRITICAL PLANE APPROACH; WOHLER CURVE METHOD;
+ MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE; WELDED-JOINTS; PREDICTION TECHNIQUES; SPECTRAL
+ METHODS; DAMAGE; STRESS; STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{l.susmel@sheffield.ac.uk}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
+Times-Cited = {{29}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{897JR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000300647500002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000301615800004,
+Author = {Gerlach, Robert and Siviour, Clive R. and Wiegand, Jens and Petrinic,
+ Nik},
+Title = {{In-plane and through-thickness properties, failure modes, damage and
+ delamination in 3D woven carbon fibre composites subjected to impact
+ loading}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{397-411}},
+Month = {{FEB 7}},
+Abstract = {{Two noncrimp 3D woven carbon fibre composites (through thickness angle
+ interlock) of binder volume fractions 3\% and 6\% were characterised for
+ their response to applied deformation. Experiments were performed at
+ quasi static, medium and high strain rates under a large variety of load
+ cases (tension in warp/weft direction, interlaminar/intralaminar shear,
+ through thickness tension/compression, 3-point bending and plate
+ bending). During the study, novel experimental methods were developed in
+ order to address several challenges specific to 3D composite materials.
+ The results show that, while the different binder volume fractions of
+ 3\% and 6\% have only a small effect on the in-plane stiffness (warp and
+ weft direction), its effect on the delamination resistance in plate
+ bending experiments is considerable. This is a very important result for
+ the use of these materials in the future. The availability, in previous
+ publications, of complementary data for the matrix and the interface
+ between matrix pockets and fibre bundles makes the comprehensive data
+ set a generically useful reference for hierarchical numerical modelling
+ strategies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gerlach, R (Reprint Author), Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
+ Gerlach, Robert; Siviour, Clive R.; Wiegand, Jens; Petrinic, Nik, Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.11.032}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Textile composites; Fracture; Multiscale modelling; Matrix cracking;
+ Strain rate}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INTERLAMINAR SHEAR-STRENGTH; SPATIALLY REINFORCED COMPOSITES; ELECTRONIC
+ SPECKLE PHOTOGRAPHY; POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES; DIFFERENT STRAIN-RATE;
+ BINDER TOW DENSITY; FABRIC COMPOSITES; TEXTILE COMPOSITES; BINARY MODEL;
+ MICROMECHANICAL MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{robert.gerlach@eng.ox.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Siviour, Clive/E-2032-2012
+ Petrinic, Nik/B-4051-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Petrinic, Nik/0000-0002-2569-6337}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Rolls-Royce}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank Rolls-Royce for their continued support
+ of composites research at Oxford. In particular, we would like to thank
+ Dr. A. McMillan for invaluable interactions on this and other projects.
+ Furthermore, we would like to thank Dr. A. McIlhagger from the
+ University of Ulster for the continuing cooperation and providing the
+ TTAIL fabric.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{72}},
+Times-Cited = {{29}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{59}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{910CW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000301615800004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305275800027,
+Author = {Baghmisheh, M. T. Vakil and Peimani, Mansour and Sadeghi, Morteza
+ Homayoun and Ettefagh, Mir Mohammad and Tabrizi, Aysa Fakheri},
+Title = {{A hybrid particle swarm-Nelder-Mead optimization method for crack
+ detection in cantilever beams}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{12}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{2217-2226}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The estimation of a crack location and depth in a cantilever beam is
+ formulated as an optimization problem and the optimal location and depth
+ are found by minimizing the cost function which is based on the
+ difference of the first four measured and calculated natural
+ frequencies. Calculated natural frequencies are obtained using a
+ rotational spring model of the crack, and measured natural frequencies
+ are obtained by using cracked beam frequency response and modal
+ analysis. A hybrid particle swarm-Nelder-Mead (PS-NM) algorithm is used
+ for estimating the crack location and depth. The hybrid PS-NM is made-up
+ of a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), aimed to
+ identify the most promising areas, and a Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm
+ (NM) for performing local search within these areas. The PS-NM results
+ are compared with those obtained by the PSO, a hybrid
+ genetic-Nelder-Mead algorithm (GA-NM) and a neural network (NN). The
+ proposed PS-NM method outperforms other methods in terms of speed and
+ accuracy. The average estimation errors for crack location and depth are
+ (0.06\%, 0\%) for the PS-NM, however, (0.09\%, 0\%), (0.46\%, 0.54\%)
+ and (0.39\%, 1.66\%) for the GA-NM, the PSO and the NN methods,
+ respectively. To validate the proposed method and investigate the
+ modeling and measurement errors some experimental results are also
+ included. The average values of experimental location and depth
+ estimation errors are (9.24\%, 8.56\%) for the PS-NM, but (9.64\%,
+ 9.50\%), (10.89\%, 10.89\%), (11.53\%, 11.64\%) for the GA-NM, the PSO
+ and the NN methods, respectively. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Baghmisheh, MTV (Reprint Author), Univ Tabriz, Fac Elect \& Comp Engn, ICT Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran.
+ Baghmisheh, M. T. Vakil; Peimani, Mansour; Tabrizi, Aysa Fakheri, Univ Tabriz, Fac Elect \& Comp Engn, ICT Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran.
+ Sadeghi, Morteza Homayoun; Ettefagh, Mir Mohammad, Univ Tabriz, Fac Mech Engn, Res Lab Vibrat \& Modal Anal, Tabriz, Iran.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.asoc.2012.03.030}},
+ISSN = {{1568-4946}},
+EISSN = {{1872-9681}},
+Keywords = {{Crack detection; Structural health monitoring; Natural frequency;
+ Nelder-Mead simplex; Particle swarm optimization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SIMPLEX-METHOD; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
+ Interdisciplinary Applications}},
+Author-Email = {{mvakil@tabrizu.ac.ir
+ mpeimani@gmail.com
+ morteza@tabrizu.ac.ir
+ ettefagh@tabrizu.ac.ir
+ aysa.fakheri@gmail.com}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ettefagh, Mir Mohammad/0000-0002-9229-3482}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Soft. Comput.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{958YB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305275800027}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000302863500001,
+Author = {Darabi, Masoud K. and Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K. and Masad, Eyad A. and
+ Little, Dallas N.},
+Title = {{Thermodynamic-based model for coupling temperature-dependent
+ viscoelastic, viscoplastic, and viscodamage constitutive behavior of
+ asphalt mixtures}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN
+ GEOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{36}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{817-854}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Based on the continuum damage mechanics, a general and comprehensive
+ thermodynamic-based framework for coupling the temperature-dependent
+ viscoelastic, viscoplastic, and viscodamage behaviors of bituminous
+ materials is presented. This general framework derives systematically
+ Schapery-type nonlinear viscoelasticity, Perzyna-type viscoplasticity,
+ and a viscodamage model analogous to the Perzyna-type viscoplasticity.
+ The resulting constitutive equations are implemented in the well-known
+ finite element code Abaqus via the user material subroutine UMAT. A
+ systematic procedure for identifying the model parameters is discussed.
+ Finally, the model is validated by comparing the model predictions with
+ a comprehensive set of experimental data on hot mix asphalt that include
+ creep-recovery, creep, uniaxial constant strain rate, and repeated
+ creep-recovery tests in both tension and compression over a range of
+ temperatures, stress levels, and strain rates. Comparisons between model
+ predictions and experimental measurements show that the presented
+ constitutive model is capable of predicting the nonlinear behavior of
+ asphaltic mixes under different loading conditions. Copyright (c) 2011
+ John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Abu Al-Rub, RK (Reprint Author), Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Darabi, Masoud K.; Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K.; Masad, Eyad A.; Little, Dallas N., Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Masad, Eyad A., Texas A\&M Univ Qatar, Mech Engn Program, Doha, Qatar.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nag.1030}},
+ISSN = {{0363-9061}},
+EISSN = {{1096-9853}},
+Keywords = {{thermodynamics; continuum damage mechanics; viscodamage;
+ viscoelasticity; viscoplasticity; bituminous materials; finite element
+ implementation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL; GRADIENT LOCALIZATION LIMITERS; CRACK
+ INITIATION; THEORETICAL FORMULATION; COMBINED VISCOSITY; PLASTICITY
+ MODELS; CREEP DAMAGE; PART II; CONCRETE; FRAMEWORK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{rabualrub@civil.tamu.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Asphalt Research Consortium through the US Federal Highway
+ Administration (FHWA)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Asphalt
+ Research Consortium through the US Federal Highway Administration
+ (FHWA). Also, the authors are grateful to Dr Gordon D. Airey from the
+ University of Nottingham for providing the experimental data used in
+ this paper. Finally, the authors acknowledge the helpful comments by the
+ anonymous reviewers who helped in making the paper more complete.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{100}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{926WV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000302863500001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000300076300022,
+Author = {Anh Cuong Ho and Turatsinze, Anaclet and Hameed, Rashid and Duc Chinh Vu},
+Title = {{Effects of rubber aggregates from grinded used tyres on the concrete
+ resistance to cracking}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{23}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{209-215}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{In practice, pavements or slabs are subjected to wide range of length
+ changes during their service life. In case of cement-based materials,
+ their length changes due to shrinkage and/or temperature variations
+ induce tensile stress which can result in cracking detrimental for
+ durability. Generally, aggravating circumstances are observed due to the
+ length change restraint. This contribution focuses on experimental
+ results of tests performed on rubberized concrete produced by partly
+ replacing natural sand (0-4 mm) by rubber aggregates up to 40\% by
+ volume. The rubber aggregates are obtained by grinding of used tyres.
+ Effect of rubber aggregate on brittleness index (BI) and on damage
+ evolution was investigated by conducting three-point bending tests on
+ notched beam. Results of these tests confirmed that the both BI and
+ damage decrease with the increase of rubber aggregate content in the
+ concrete. Acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied to detect damage
+ mechanism in concrete by analyzing AE parameters. The Elastic Quality
+ Index (EQI) was adopted to take into account two mutually exclusive
+ properties which govern the sensitivity to cracking, namely strain
+ capacity and tensile strength. Results obtained from the tests performed
+ at 20 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 70 degrees C showed that rubberized
+ concrete exhibits EQI values within acceptable limits for the design of
+ cement-based pavements. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Turatsinze, A (Reprint Author), INSA UPS, LMDC, 135 Av Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France.
+ Anh Cuong Ho; Turatsinze, Anaclet; Hameed, Rashid, INSA UPS, LMDC, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France.
+ Duc Chinh Vu, ITST, Dong Da, Ha Noi, Vietnam.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.09.016}},
+ISSN = {{0959-6526}},
+Keywords = {{Rubberized concrete; Brittleness index; Damage; Strain capacity; Elastic
+ quality index}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; BRITTLENESS; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental
+ Sciences \& Ecology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{GREEN \& SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE \& TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental;
+ Environmental Sciences}},
+Author-Email = {{anaclet.turatsinze@insa-toulouse.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF); Laboratoire Materiaux et
+ Durabilite des Constructions (LMDC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors wish to acknowledge Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie
+ (AUF) and Laboratoire Materiaux et Durabilite des Constructions (LMDC)
+ for their financial and technical supports for this research study.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{15}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Clean Prod.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{889LX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000300076300022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000310403900006,
+Author = {Centonze, G. and Leone, M. and Aiello, M. A.},
+Title = {{Steel fibers from waste tires as reinforcement in concrete: A mechanical
+ characterization}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{36}},
+Pages = {{46-57}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{The environmental damage caused by improper management of waste tires
+ increased over the past years creating a relevant problem to be solved.
+ In the field of civil engineering results possible to re-utilize the
+ steel fiber and the rubber of the waste tires. In particular the
+ concrete obtained by adding recycled steel fibers shows a good
+ mechanical improvement of the brittle matrix, as a consequence it
+ appears to be a promising candidate for both structural and
+ non-structural applications. In the present experimental work, as a
+ continuation of the research already performed in this field by the
+ authors, the post-cracking performances of RFRC (Recycled Fiber
+ Reinforced Concrete) were evaluated by means tests on flexural elements
+ and slabs. The effectiveness of the recycled fibers was evaluated in
+ comparison with the experimental data obtained for specimens realized
+ with IFRC (Industrial Fiber Reinforced Concrete). All fresh and hardened
+ proprieties of concrete mixes were experimentally estimated. The
+ post-cracking behavior of the RSFRC, obtained by flexural tests, was
+ comparable with that of ISFRC. RSFRC specimens showed good energy
+ absorption and good residual strength after cracking.
+ However, technological issues related to fibers production and concrete
+ mixes preparation, must be still investigated and a wider research is
+ still required to validate the interesting founds. (C) 2012 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Centonze, G (Reprint Author), Univ Salento, Dept Innovat Engn, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
+ Centonze, G.; Leone, M.; Aiello, M. A., Univ Salento, Dept Innovat Engn, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.088}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{Steel fibers; Waste tires; Concrete; Flexural strength; Slab}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TYRE RUBBER; SHOTCRETE; BEHAVIOR; SFRC; MESH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{giuseppe.centonze@unisalento.it}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{028DV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000310403900006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000298858900007,
+Author = {Yin, Liang and Wentlent, Luke and Yang, Linlin and Arfaei, Babak and
+ Oasaimeh, Awni and Borgesen, Peter},
+Title = {{Recrystallization and Precipitate Coarsening in Pb-Free Solder Joints
+ During Thermomechanical Fatigue}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{241-252}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{The recrystallization of beta-Sn profoundly affects deformation and
+ failure of Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints in thermomechanical fatigue (TMF)
+ testing. The numerous grain boundaries of recrystallized beta-Sn enable
+ grain boundary sliding, which is absent in as-solidified solder joints.
+ Fatigue cracks initiate at, and propagate along, recrystallized grain
+ boundaries, eventually leading to intergranular fracture. The
+ recrystallization behavior of Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints was examined in
+ three different TMF conditions for five different ball grid array
+ component designs. Based on the experimental observations, a TMF damage
+ accumulation model is proposed: (1) strain-enhanced coarsening of
+ secondary precipitates of Ag(3)Sn and Cu(6)Sn(5) starts at joint
+ corners, eventually allowing recrystallization of the Sn grain there as
+ well; (2) coarsening and recrystallization continue to develop into the
+ interior of the joints, while fatigue crack growth lags behind; (3)
+ fatigue cracks finally progress through the recrystallized region.
+ Independent of the TMF condition, the recrystallization appeared to be
+ essentially complete after somewhat less than 50\% of the characteristic
+ life, while it took another 50\% to 75\% of the lifetime for a fatigue
+ crack to propagate through the recrystallized region.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yin, L (Reprint Author), Universal Instruments Corp, Conklin, NY 13748 USA.
+ Yin, Liang, Universal Instruments Corp, Conklin, NY 13748 USA.
+ Wentlent, Luke; Yang, Linlin; Arfaei, Babak; Oasaimeh, Awni; Borgesen, Peter, SUNY Binghamton, Dept Syst Sci \& Ind Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11664-011-1762-2}},
+ISSN = {{0361-5235}},
+Keywords = {{Pb-free solder; recrystallization; precipitate coarsening;
+ thermomechanical fatigue; microstructure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SN-AG-CU; LEAD-FREE SOLDER; PARTICLE-STIMULATED NUCLEATION;
+ MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; SILICA PARTICLES; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; THERMAL
+ FATIGUE; COPPER-CRYSTALS; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Electrical \& Electronic; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{yinl@uic.com}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{US Department of Defense; AREA (Advanced Research in Electronics
+ Assembly) Consortium}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was funded in part by the US Department of Defense, through
+ the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP),
+ and by the AREA (Advanced Research in Electronics Assembly) Consortium.
+ The authors thank Michael Meilunas at Universal Instruments for his help
+ in component fabrication, assembly, and TMF testing, and Prof. Eric
+ Cotts at Binghamton University for helpful discussions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Electron. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{873CQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000298858900007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000298869400018,
+Author = {Kweon, S.},
+Title = {{Damage at negative triaxiality}},
+Journal = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS A-SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{203-212}},
+Month = {{JAN-FEB}},
+Abstract = {{The damage process under compressive hydrostatic stress in ductile
+ metals has been observed in many experiments. However, no damage theory
+ explains the physical mechanism of damage due to compressive hydrostatic
+ stress in ductile metals. Recently, one possible physical mechanism of
+ shear damage at low and negative stress triaxiality (The stress
+ triaxiality is defined as ((1/tau(eqv))(tau(kk)/3)) where tau(eqv) =
+ root(2/3)tau' : tau', tau is the Kirchhoff stress tensor. Triaxiality in
+ this paper refers to the stress triaxiality defined above.) was shown to
+ be the development of tensile hydrostatic stress due to grain-to-grain
+ interaction (Kweon, S., Beaudoin, A.J., McDonald, R.J., 2010.
+ Experimental characterization of damage processes in aluminum AA2024-O.
+ Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 132.) Kweon (2009. Edge
+ cracking in rolling of an aluminum alloy AA2024-O. Mechanical Science
+ and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana.) proposed a mesoscale
+ theoretical framework that can be used to quantitatively investigate the
+ amount of shear damage at all triaxiality levels, incorporating the
+ physical mechanism of shear damage. This theoretical framework is based
+ on crystal plasticity and the theory of void growth due to hydrostatic
+ stress. The damage process at negative triaxiality is particularly
+ important since many industrial processes for metals involve a
+ compressive hydrostatic stress state such as rolling. Using the
+ mesoscale theoretical framework, damage at negative triaxiality is
+ theoretically quantified. It is shown that damage does exist at small
+ negative triaxiality, and that the shear deformation component drives
+ damage in the small negative triaxiality regime. (C) 2011 Elsevier
+ Masson SAS. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER}},
+Address = {{23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kweon, S (Reprint Author), So Illinois Univ, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA.
+ So Illinois Univ, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.euromechsol.2011.02.005}},
+ISSN = {{0997-7538}},
+Keywords = {{Negative triaxiality; Compressive hydrostatic stress; Shear damage;
+ Grain-to-grain interaction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; MECHANICAL THRESHOLD; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; VOID
+ NUCLEATION; GRADIENT THEORY; GURSON MODEL; FRACTURE; DEFORMATION;
+ GROWTH; SOLIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{skweon1@gmail.com}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Kweon, Soondo/0000-0002-1082-7760}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{U.S. Department of Energy {[}DE-FG36-05GO15049]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was performed by the author without any financial support
+ from a research grant. However, the Ph.D. research of the author
+ provided the starting point of this research. The author would like to
+ thank professor Armand Beaudoin at University of Illinois at
+ Urbana-Champaign for guiding the Ph.D. research of the author that was
+ supported through the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy program of
+ the U.S. Department of Energy, Project No. DE-FG36-05GO15049.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eur. J. Mech. A-Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{873GP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000298869400018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305279200005,
+Author = {Sun, C. and Xie, J. and Zhao, A. and Lei, Z. and Hong, Y.},
+Title = {{A cumulative damage model for fatigue life estimation of high-strength
+ steels in high-cycle and very-high-cycle fatigue regimes}},
+Journal = {{FATIGUE \& FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{638-647}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{A cumulative fatigue damage model is presented to estimate fatigue life
+ for high-strength steels in high-cycle and very-high-cycle fatigue
+ regimes with fish-eye mode failure, and a simple formula is obtained.
+ The model takes into account the inclusion size, fine granular area
+ (FGA) size, and tensile strength of materials. Then, the equivalent
+ crack growth rate of FGA is proposed. The model is used to estimate the
+ fatigue life and equivalent crack growth rate for a bearing steel
+ (GCr15) of present investigation and four high-strength steels in the
+ literature. The equivalent crack growth rate of FGA is calculated to be
+ of the order of magnitude of 10-1410-11 m/cycle. The estimated results
+ accord well with the present experimental results and prior predictions
+ and experimental results in the literature. Moreover, the effect of
+ inclusion size on fatigue life is discussed. It is indicated that the
+ inclusion size has an important influence on the fatigue life, and the
+ effect is related to the relative size of inclusion for FGA. For the
+ inclusion size close to the FGA size, the former has a substantial
+ effect on the fatigue life. While for the relatively large value of FGA
+ size to inclusion size, it has little effect on the fatigue life.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hong, Y (Reprint Author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Nonlinear Mech, Inst Mech, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
+ Sun, C.; Xie, J.; Zhao, A.; Lei, Z.; Hong, Y., Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Nonlinear Mech, Inst Mech, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1460-2695.2011.01658.x}},
+ISSN = {{8756-758X}},
+Keywords = {{crack growth rate; fatigue damage; fish-eye fracture; high-cycle
+ fatigue; very-high-cycle fatigue; life estimation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SUBSURFACE CRACK INITIATION; CHROMIUM BEARING STEEL; S-N CURVE;
+ GIGACYCLE FATIGUE; PART I; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; INCLUSIONS;
+ SIZE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{hongys@imech.ac.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundations of China {[}10721202, 11172304]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural
+ Science Foundations of China (grant no 10721202 and 11172304).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{958ZJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305279200005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000301188700019,
+Author = {Tsao, C. C. and Kuo, K. L. and Hsu, I. C.},
+Title = {{Evaluation of a novel approach to a delamination factor after drilling
+ composite laminates using a core-saw drill}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Number = {{5-8}},
+Pages = {{617-622}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Drilling is the most commonly applied method for hole making of
+ fiber-reinforced materials owing to the need for structure joining.
+ Delamination is the most common defect during drilling because of the
+ heterogeneity of both the fibers and the matrix. The delamination, in
+ general, is an irregular shape and size, containing long and fine breaks
+ and cracks at the exit of the drilled hole, especially in the drilling
+ of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP). On the other hand, a core-saw
+ drill is designed to reduce the threat of chip removal in drilling
+ composite materials. Since the thrust force of core-saw drill is
+ distributed toward the periphery, the core-saw drill allows a larger
+ critical thrust force than the twist drill at the onset of delamination
+ when drilling composite materials. The aim of this paper is to present a
+ novel approach of the equivalent delamination factor (F (ed)) to
+ characterize drilling-induced delamination using a core-saw drill and
+ compare it with the adjusted delamination factor (F (da)) and the
+ conventional delamination factor (F (a)). The experimental results
+ indicated that the F (ed) obtained is considered suitable for
+ characterizing delamination at the exit of a hole after drilling CFRP.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER LONDON LTD}},
+Address = {{236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tsao, CC (Reprint Author), Tahua Inst Technol, Dept Mechatron Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
+ Tsao, C. C., Tahua Inst Technol, Dept Mechatron Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
+ Kuo, K. L., Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Dept Vehicle Engn, Taipei, Taiwan.
+ Hsu, I. C., Tahua Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00170-011-3532-y}},
+ISSN = {{0268-3768}},
+EISSN = {{1433-3015}},
+Keywords = {{Delamination factor; Composite materials; Core-saw drill; Drilling;
+ Digital image processing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; REINFORCED PLASTIC COMPOSITE;
+ IMAGE-ANALYSIS; THRUST FORCE; CFRP; NETWORK; DESIGN; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Automation \& Control Systems; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Automation \& Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing}},
+Author-Email = {{aetcc@thit.edu.tw}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China
+ {[}NSC98-2622-E-233-003-CC3]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research is partially supported by the National Science Council,
+ Taiwan, Republic of China, under contract NSC98-2622-E-233-003-CC3.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{904IQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000301188700019}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000301750000002,
+Author = {Meneghetti, Giovanni and Ricotta, Mauro},
+Title = {{The use of the specific heat loss to analyse the low- and high-cycle
+ fatigue behaviour of plain and notched specimens made of a stainless
+ steel}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{81}},
+Number = {{SI}},
+Pages = {{2-16}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Note = {{29th National Conference of the Italian-Association-for-Stress-Analysis
+ (AIAS), Maratea, ITALY, SEP 07-10, 2010}},
+Organization = {{Italian Assoc Stress Anal (AIAS); Univ Calabria}},
+Abstract = {{Development of experimental equipments able to provide the whole
+ temperature field have given impulse to energy related fatigue studies,
+ since temperature is an indicator of the heat loss. In the present paper
+ the specific heat dissipation is assumed to be a fatigue damage
+ parameter. A simple equation and the associated experimental technique
+ previously published by the authors to estimate the specific energy loss
+ is first recalled. Then it is shown that the fatigue behaviour of a
+ stainless steel material can be summarised by a log-log plot of the
+ specific heat loss versus number of cycles characterised by a constant
+ slope from few hundreds to two million cycles. Further it has been found
+ that plain and notched fatigue data collapse into the same energy-based
+ scatter band. Finally a comparison of the proposed approach with the
+ classical local strain method is performed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Meneghetti, G (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, Via Venezia 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
+ Meneghetti, Giovanni; Ricotta, Mauro, Univ Padua, Dept Mech Engn, I-35131 Padua, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.06.010}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7315}},
+Keywords = {{Energy dissipation; Notch effect; Low-cycle fatigue; Infrared
+ thermography}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLASTIC WORK; CRACK INITIATION; TEMPERATURE RISE; UNIAXIAL-STRESS;
+ ENERGY; METALS; DISSIPATION; EMISSION; LIMIT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{giovanni.meneghetti@unipd.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ricotta, Mauro/G-5033-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ricotta, Mauro/0000-0002-3517-9464}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{911VV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000301750000002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000308004700001,
+Author = {Brantut, N. and Baud, P. and Heap, M. J. and Meredith, P. G.},
+Title = {{Micromechanics of brittle creep in rocks}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{117}},
+Month = {{AUG 25}},
+Abstract = {{In the upper crust, the chemical influence of pore water promotes time
+ dependent brittle deformation through sub-critical crack growth.
+ Sub-critical crack growth allows rocks to deform and fail at stresses
+ well below their short-term failure strength, and even at constant
+ applied stress ({''}brittle creep{''}). Here we provide a
+ micromechanical model describing time dependent brittle creep of
+ water-saturated rocks under triaxial stress conditions. Macroscopic
+ brittle creep is modeled on the basis of microcrack extension under
+ compressive stresses due to sub-critical crack growth. The incremental
+ strains due to the growth of cracks in compression are derived from the
+ sliding wing crack model of Ashby and Sammis (1990), and the crack
+ length evolution is computed from Charles' law. The macroscopic strains
+ and strain rates computed from the model are non linear, and compare
+ well with experimental results obtained on granite, low porosity
+ sandstone and basalt rock samples. Primary creep (decelerating strain)
+ corresponds to decelerating crack growth, due to an initial decrease in
+ stress intensity factor with increasing crack length in compression.
+ Tertiary creep (accelerating strain as failure is approached)
+ corresponds to an increase in crack growth rate due to crack
+ interactions. Secondary creep with apparently constant strain rate
+ arises as an inflexion between those two end-member phases. The minimum
+ strain rate at the inflexion point can be estimated analytically as a
+ function of model parameters, effective confining pressure and
+ temperature, which provides an approximate creep law for the process.
+ The creep law is used to infer the long term strain rate as a function
+ of depth in the upper crust due to the action of the applied stresses:
+ in this way, sub-critical cracking reduces the failure stress in a
+ manner equivalent to a decrease in cohesion. We also investigate the
+ competition with pressure solution in porous rocks, and show that the
+ transition from sub-critical cracking to pressure solution dominated
+ creep occurs with increasing depth and decreasing strain rates.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION}},
+Address = {{2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Brantut, N (Reprint Author), UCL, Dept Earth Sci, Rock \& Ice Phys Lab, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
+ Brantut, N.; Meredith, P. G., UCL, Dept Earth Sci, Rock \& Ice Phys Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England.
+ Baud, P.; Heap, M. J., Univ Strasbourg EOST, Lab Geophys Expt, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, CNRS,UMR 7516, Strasbourg, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1029/2012JB009299}},
+Article-Number = {{B08412}},
+ISSN = {{2169-9313}},
+EISSN = {{2169-9356}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SUBCRITICAL CRACK-GROWTH; STRESS-CORROSION; MICROCRACK MODEL; STATIC
+ FATIGUE; PRESSURE SOLUTION; DAMAGE MECHANICS; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION;
+ COMPRESSION; GRANITE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{nicolas.brantut@normalesup.org}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Meredith, Philip/0000-0003-2193-5342}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{UK NERC {[}NE/G016909/1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{NB is grateful to Harsha Bhat, Olivier Lengline and Chris Spiers for
+ useful discussions and suggestions. Part of this research was funded by
+ UK NERC grant NE/G016909/1. The authors thank the associate editor and
+ two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{76}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{995JQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000308004700001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000303815000002,
+Author = {Chen, Jinju},
+Title = {{Indentation-based methods to assess fracture toughness for thin coatings}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{45}},
+Number = {{20}},
+Month = {{MAY 23}},
+Abstract = {{There are many techniques to determine fracture toughness. Experimental
+ simplicity and amenability to materials evaluation are features of
+ general indentation testing. Sometimes indentation is the only practical
+ means of obtaining fundamental information on critical lifetime-limiting
+ damage modes in some ceramics and coatings. Fracture patterns are
+ dependent on the indenter geometry and material properties. The analysis
+ of interfacial toughness by indentation has been well documented.
+ However, no such comprehensive review is available for the analysis of
+ fracture toughness for thin coatings based on (nano) indentation.
+ Therefore, this paper tends to fill this gap. The mechanisms of various
+ crack patterns and existing models used to determine the fracture
+ toughness have been discussed in this study.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chen, JJ (Reprint Author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Mech \& Syst Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne \& Wear, England.
+ Newcastle Univ, Sch Mech \& Syst Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne \& Wear, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0022-3727/45/20/203001}},
+Article-Number = {{203001}},
+ISSN = {{0022-3727}},
+EISSN = {{1361-6463}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{AMORPHOUS-CARBON FILMS; HALF-PENNY CRACK; ELASTIC-MODULUS;
+ RESIDUAL-STRESS; COATED SYSTEMS; YOUNGS MODULUS; RADIAL CRACK; CERAMICS;
+ NANOINDENTATION; GLASS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Applied}},
+Author-Email = {{Jinju.chen82@gmail.com}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{73}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{68}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{939MJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000303815000002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000304041300008,
+Author = {Carpinteri, A. and Lacidogna, G. and Manuello, A. and Niccolini, G. and
+ Schiavi, A. and Agosto, A.},
+Title = {{Mechanical and Electromagnetic Emissions Related to Stress-Induced
+ Cracks}},
+Journal = {{EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{36}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{53-64}},
+Month = {{MAY-JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The present research focuses on acoustic emission (AE) and
+ electromagnetic emission (EME) detected during laboratory compression
+ tests on concrete and rocks specimens. We investigated their mechanical
+ behavior up to failure by the AE and EME due to micro- and macrocrack
+ growth. Among the tested specimens, a concrete sample was analyzed by
+ applying to its surface both piezoelectric (PZT) transducers for
+ detection of high-frequency AE waves, and PZT accelerometric transducers
+ for detection of low-frequency AE (elastic emission or ELE). Besides the
+ high-frequency AEs, the emergence of low-frequency ELE just before the
+ failure describes the transition from diffused microcracking to
+ localized macrocracks which characterizes the failure in brittle
+ materials. For all the specimens, a simultaneous analysis of magnetic
+ activity was performed by a measuring device calibrated according to
+ metrological requirements. In all the considered specimens, the presence
+ of AE events has been always observed during the damage process, whereas
+ it is very interesting to note that the EMEs were generally observed
+ only in correspondence with sharp stress drops or the final collapse.
+ The experimental evidence confirms AE and EME signals as collapse
+ precursors in materials like concrete and rocks.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lacidogna, G (Reprint Author), Politecn Torino, Dept Struct Engn \& Geotech, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
+ Carpinteri, A.; Lacidogna, G.; Manuello, A., Politecn Torino, Dept Struct Engn \& Geotech, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
+ Niccolini, G.; Schiavi, A.; Agosto, A., Natl Res Inst Metrol INRIM, Turin, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/j.1747-1567.2011.00709.x}},
+ISSN = {{0732-8818}},
+Keywords = {{Acoustic Emission; Electromagnetic Emission; Brittle Fracture; Stress
+ Drop; Crack Growth}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; CONCRETE STRUCTURES; B-VALUE; FRACTURE; RADIATION;
+ ROCK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization
+ \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{giuseppe.lacidogna@polito.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lacidogna, Giuseppe /L-8217-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lacidogna, Giuseppe /0000-0002-0192-3793
+ Schiavi, Alessandro/0000-0003-4168-3605}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Regione Piemonte RE-FRESCOS Project}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial support provided by the Regione Piemonte RE-FRESCOS
+ Project is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are due to Mr. V. Di
+ Vasto from the Politecnico di Torino for his collaboration in the
+ execution of mechanical compressive tests. The authors are also grateful
+ to Dr. Eng. Pavoni Belli of the National Research Institute of
+ Metrology-INRIM for his valuable assistance in the AE signals
+ elaboration process.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Exp. Tech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{942JW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000304041300008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000309493700024,
+Author = {Aggelis, D. G. and Mpalaskas, A. C. and Ntalakas, D. and Matikas, T. E.},
+Title = {{Effect of wave distortion on acoustic emission characterization of
+ cementitious materials}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Pages = {{183-190}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{The fracturing behavior of materials can be nondestructively monitored
+ by the acoustic emission (AE) technique, using sensors that detect the
+ transient elastic waves after any crack propagation event. In addition
+ to the information relatively to the total activity and the location of
+ the cracks, certain waveform features supply detailed information on the
+ type of cracking. The waveform of the emitted AE signal depends on the
+ relative motion of the crack sides and therefore, it carries information
+ on the mode of cracks. Therefore, AE is used for classification of the
+ active cracking mode. This enables characterization of the current
+ fracturing condition within the material and warning before final
+ failure. Tension-related cracks, which in most materials and loading
+ conditions are nucleated first, emit signals with higher frequency
+ content and shorter rising time than shear cracks. However, in most
+ cases wave propagation from the crack to the sensor is attenuative and
+ dispersive. This results in signal distortion which is enhanced by
+ geometry restrictions and material or damage-induced inhomogeneity. This
+ results in strong change of the waveform shape and the calculated AE
+ parameters. This effect is stronger as the propagation distance
+ increases rendering crack classification troublesome for structures
+ where the separation distance between sensors is long. In the present
+ study, fracture experiments were conducted in cementitious specimens in
+ order to investigate the influence of distance on the AE parameters as
+ measured by sensors at different distances from the source. Numerical
+ simulations based on the finite difference method are also used to
+ enlighten the problem and expand to different material conditions. This
+ is one of the first studies of wave dispersion examined not from the
+ classical ultrasonics point of view of phase velocity dependence on
+ frequency but from the AE view, where specific waveform parameters are
+ of interest. Experimental and numerical results show that the influence
+ of the propagation path is crucial and should be taken into
+ consideration for AE characterization of large structures, while it
+ should not be neglected even in small-scale laboratory studies in order
+ to improve crack characterization. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Aggelis, DG (Reprint Author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
+ Aggelis, D. G.; Mpalaskas, A. C.; Ntalakas, D.; Matikas, T. E., Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.03.013}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+EISSN = {{1879-0526}},
+Keywords = {{Fracture mode; Frequency; Rise time; Dispersion; Propagation distance}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED-CONCRETE; DAMAGE EVALUATION; FRACTURE PROCESS; MATRIX
+ CRACKING; CLASSIFICATION; SCATTERING; ULTRASOUND; MEDIA; ATTENUATION;
+ PROPAGATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{daggelis@cc.uoi.gr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{016CA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000309493700024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000305600600010,
+Author = {Dhakal, H. N. and Zhang, Z. Y. and Bennett, N. and Reis, P. N. B.},
+Title = {{Low-velocity impact response of non-woven hemp fibre reinforced
+ unsaturated polyester composites: Influence of impactor geometry and
+ impact velocity}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{94}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{2756-2763}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{In this study, the influence of varying impactor geometries on the
+ impact damage characteristics of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated
+ polyester composites were subjected to a low-velocity impact loading
+ using an instrumented falling weight impact test setup. The three
+ varying tup geometries: hemispherical, 30 degrees and 90 degrees, at
+ four different impact velocity levels: 2.52 m/s, 2.71 m/s, 2.89 m/s and
+ 2.97 m/s were assessed. The experimental results to investigate the
+ influence of impactor geometry suggest that HFRUP composites were able
+ to withstand higher loads when tested with hemispherical impactor and
+ also absorbed more energy than that for 90 degrees and 30 degrees shaped
+ tup geometry. The post impact damage patterns and failure mechanisms of
+ impacted samples were further characterised by ultrasonic (UT)
+ inspection. Impact induced damage characterised by scanning electron
+ microscope (SEM) suggests that damage induced by the impact included a
+ typical failure mechanisms showing matrix cracking, fibre breakage and
+ fibre pullout. As the impact velocity increases the damage to back face
+ of the laminate increased for laminates tested with a hemispherical
+ impactor while it decreased to certain extent for laminates tested with
+ 90 degrees and 30 degrees impactor geometries. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Dhakal, HN (Reprint Author), Univ Portsmouth, Sch Engn, Adv Polymer \& Composites APC Res Grp, Anglesea Rd,Anglesea Bldg, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, Hants, England.
+ Dhakal, H. N.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Bennett, N., Univ Portsmouth, Sch Engn, Adv Polymer \& Composites APC Res Grp, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, Hants, England.
+ Reis, P. N. B., Univ Beira Interior, Electromech Engn Dept, P-6201001 Covilha, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.04.004}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Natural fibre; Mechanical properties;
+ Drop-weight impact testing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; EPOXY COMPOSITES; DAMAGE;
+ PLATES; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; SHAPE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{hom.dhakal@port.ac.uk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Reis, Paulo/0000-0001-5203-3670}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{11}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{963DP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000305600600010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000306618500012,
+Author = {Yang, T. and Wang, C. H. and Zhang, J. and He, S. and Mouritz, A. P.},
+Title = {{Toughening and self-healing of epoxy matrix laminates using mendable
+ polymer stitching}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1396-1401}},
+Month = {{JUL 23}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents an experimental study into a new type of stitched
+ fibre-polymer laminate that combines high interlaminar toughness with
+ self-healing repair of delamination damage. Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic
+ acid) (EMAA) filaments were stitched into carbon fibre/epoxy laminate to
+ create a three-dimensional self-healing fibre system that also provides
+ high fracture toughness. Double cantilever beam testing revealed that
+ the stitched EMAA fibres increased the mode I interlaminar fracture
+ toughness (by similar to 120\%) of the laminate, and this reduced the
+ amount of delamination damage that must subsequently be repaired by the
+ self-healing stitches. The 3D stitched network was effective in
+ delivering self-healing EMAA material extracted from the stitches into
+ the damaged region, and this resulted in high recovery in the
+ delamination fracture toughness (similar to 150\% compared to the
+ original material). The new self-healing stitching method provides high
+ toughness which resists delamination growth while also having the
+ functionality to repeatedly repair multiple layers of damage in epoxy
+ matrix laminates. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wang, CH (Reprint Author), RMIT Univ, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mfg Engn, Sir Lawrence Wackett Aerosp Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia.
+ Yang, T.; Wang, C. H.; Zhang, J.; He, S.; Mouritz, A. P., RMIT Univ, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mfg Engn, Sir Lawrence Wackett Aerosp Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia.
+ Yang, T., Tianjin Polytech Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Tianjin 300160, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.05.012}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Functional composites; Fracture toughness; Crack; Fractography}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE; CONSTRAINED LAYERS; COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS;
+ CRACKS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{chun.wang@rmit.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Jin/B-6590-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Jin/0000-0001-5282-4835
+ wang, chun/0000-0001-6081-1487}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Project {[}LP100200328];
+ Chinese Scholarship Council Project {[}CSC 2008812023]; Tianjin Research
+ Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology
+ {[}11JCZDJC23000]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage
+ Project (LP100200328), Chinese Scholarship Council Project (CSC
+ 2008812023), and Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and
+ Advanced Technology (11JCZDJC23000).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{39}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{976WQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000306618500012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000314434400023,
+Author = {Gentilini, Cristina and Franzoni, Elisa and Bandini, Simone and Nobile,
+ Lucio},
+Title = {{Effect of salt crystallisation on the shear behaviour of masonry walls:
+ An experimental study}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Pages = {{181-189}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Salt weathering is one of the most common deterioration mechanisms in
+ porous materials and may lead to severe damage in buildings and
+ artworks. In last decades, a lot of research has been devoted to explain
+ the mechanisms of crystal growth and crystallisation pressure inside
+ pores and their relation with crack propagation in materials such as
+ natural stone, brick, mortar and concrete. However, the effect of salts
+ on the structural behaviour of masonry has not been fully elucidated.
+ This paper presents a preliminary experimental study conducted on
+ masonry specimens made of fired-clay bricks and cement mortar joints in
+ order to assess the structural damage induced by salts. To this aim, the
+ specimens were subjected to purposely-designed accelerated weathering
+ procedures of different duration in sodium chloride and sodium sulphate
+ solutions (the most common salts in brick masonries). Then, the shear
+ behaviour of the artificially damaged masonry specimens was investigated
+ by means of an ad hoc experimental test. As well known, the shear
+ behaviour of masonry buildings plays a crucial role for structures
+ located in areas prone to seismic hazard.
+ The main mechanical parameters that result from the analysis of the
+ pre-peak behaviour of the specimens, such as initial stiffness and peak
+ load, have been correlated to the main material microstructural
+ parameters (total porosity and pore size distribution) and to salt
+ amount. It has been observed that the presence of salt affects the
+ structural behaviour of masonry depending on the type of salt and on the
+ duration of the weathering cycles. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gentilini, C (Reprint Author), Univ Bologna, DICAM Dept Civil Environm \& Mat Engn, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
+ Gentilini, Cristina; Nobile, Lucio, Univ Bologna, DICAM Dept Civil Environm \& Mat Engn, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
+ Franzoni, Elisa; Bandini, Simone, Univ Bologna, DICAM Dept Civil Environm \& Mat Engn, I-40131 Bologna, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.086}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+Keywords = {{Masonry; Rising moisture; Soluble salts; Brick-mortar interface; Shear
+ behaviour; Crystallisation; Microstructure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POROUS MATERIALS; SODIUM-SULFATE; BRICK MASONRY; DECAY; STRESS; DAMAGE;
+ DETERIORATION; MECHANISMS; BUILDINGS; MOISTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{cristina.gentilini@unibo.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Nobile, Lucio/0000-0001-5145-4182
+ Franzoni, Elisa/0000-0002-6514-6698}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{083AF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000314434400023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000308396200035,
+Author = {Bienias, J. and Debski, H. and Surowska, B. and Sadowski, T.},
+Title = {{Analysis of microstructure damage in carbon/epoxy composites using FEM}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2012}},
+Volume = {{64}},
+Pages = {{168-172}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Note = {{21st International Workshop on Computational Mechanics of Materials
+ (IWCMM), Univ Limerick, Limerick, IRELAND, AUG 22-24, 2011}},
+Abstract = {{This work presents a numerical analysis of damage of composite materials
+ with polymeric matrix reinforced with carbon fibres subject to static
+ tension. Verification of numerical analyses was conducted with
+ experimental methods - strength tests and microstructural observations.
+ The methodologies applied were: the material damage modelling
+ methodology based on XFEM (eXtended Finite Element Method) and contact
+ interactions in a fibre-matrix connection layer using the CZM method
+ (Cohesive Zone Method - Surface-based Cohesive Behaviour).
+ ABAQUS/Standard software was the applied numerical tool. Microstructural
+ analysis and numerical simulations indicate the fact that initiation of
+ composite material damage takes place at the interface as a result of
+ cracking and loss of fibre/matrix connection. This results in weakening
+ of the composite microstructure in this area through the initiation of a
+ reinforcement cracking process, which leads to further structural
+ degradation, consisting in propagation of matrix cracking and, as a
+ result, complete damage of the composite structure. The presented
+ research of carbon/epoxy composite damage confirmed the adequacy of the
+ prepared numerical model. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bienias, J (Reprint Author), Lublin Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Dept Mat Engn, Nadbystrzycka 36, PL-20618 Lublin, Poland.
+ Bienias, J.; Surowska, B., Lublin Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Dept Mat Engn, PL-20618 Lublin, Poland.
+ Debski, H., Lublin Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Dept Machine Design, PL-20618 Lublin, Poland.
+ Sadowski, T., Lublin Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn \& Architecture, Dept Solid Mech, PL-20618 Lublin, Poland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.03.033}},
+ISSN = {{0927-0256}},
+Keywords = {{Carbon/epoxy composites; Finite element method; XFEM; Interfaces;
+ Failure of composites}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{j.bienias@pollub.pl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mechaniczna, Biblioteka/A-4394-2013
+ Surowska, Barbara/A-7193-2015
+ Sadowski, Tomasz/F-1808-2010
+ Debski, Hubert/D-1070-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Sadowski, Tomasz/0000-0001-9212-8340
+ }},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{11}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{50}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{000OO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000308396200035}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2013.bib b/data/WoS_export/2013.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d21d974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2013.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3342 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000321422200003,
+Author = {Brantut, N. and Heap, M. J. and Meredith, P. G. and Baud, P.},
+Title = {{Time-dependent cracking and brittle creep in crustal rocks: A review}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{52}},
+Pages = {{17-43}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Rock fracture under upper crustal conditions is driven not only by
+ applied stresses, but also by time-dependent, chemically activated
+ subcritical cracking processes. These subcritical processes are of great
+ importance for the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of rocks
+ over geological timescales. A macroscopic manifestation of
+ time-dependency in the brittle field is the observation that rocks can
+ deform and fail at constant applied stresses, a phenomenon known as
+ brittle creep. Here, we review the available experimental evidence for
+ brittle creep in crustal rocks, and the various models developed to
+ explain the observations. Laboratory experiments have shown that brittle
+ creep occurs in all major rock types, and that creep strain rates are
+ extremely sensitive to the environmental conditions: differential
+ stress, confining pressure, temperature and pore fluid composition. Even
+ small changes in any of these parameters produce order of magnitude
+ changes in creep strain rates (and times-to-failure). Three main classes
+ of brittle creep model have been proposed to explain these observations:
+ phenomenological, statistical, and micromechanical. Statistical and
+ micromechanical models explain qualitatively how the increasing
+ influence of microcrack interactions and/or the increasing accumulated
+ damage produces the observed evolution of macroscopic deformation during
+ brittle creep. However, no current model can predict quantitatively all
+ of the observed features of brittle creep. Experimental data are limited
+ by the timescale over which experiments are realistically feasible.
+ Clearly, an extension of the range of available laboratory data to lower
+ strain rates, and the development of new modelling approaches are needed
+ to further improve our current understanding of time-dependent brittle
+ deformation in rocks. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Brantut, N (Reprint Author), UCL, Dept Earth Sci, RIPL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
+ Brantut, N.; Meredith, P. G., UCL, Dept Earth Sci, RIPL, London WC1E 6BT, England.
+ Heap, M. J.; Baud, P., Univ Strasbourg, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Lab Deformat Roches, UMR CNRS 7516,EOST, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsg.2013.03.007}},
+ISSN = {{0191-8141}},
+Keywords = {{Brittle creep; Stress corrosion; Rock deformation; Experimental;
+ Long-term strength; Static fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS-CORROSION; STATIC FATIGUE; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; MICROCRACK MODEL;
+ DAMAGE MECHANICS; WESTERLY GRANITE; TRIAXIAL CREEP; CONFINING PRESSURE;
+ TEMPERATURE CREEP; STRAIN RATE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{nicolas.brantut@normalesup.org}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Meredith, Philip/0000-0003-2193-5342}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{UK NERC {[}NE/G016909/1]; CNRS PICS grant; ANDRA under the FORPRO
+ framework}},
+Funding-Text = {{We gratefully acknowledge Neil Hughes, Steve Boon, and John Bowles for
+ their assistance and support during experimentation. We have benefited
+ from discussions with Andy Bell, Ian Main, Sergio Vinciguerra, and
+ Olivier Lengline. We thank Chris Scholz and Yves Gueguen for their
+ careful and insightful reviews of the manuscript. N. Brantut and P.
+ Meredith were partly funded by UK NERC grant NE/G016909/1
+ ``Time-dependent deformation: bridging the strain rate gap in brittle
+ rocks{''}. P. Baud and P. Meredith acknowledge the support of CNRS PICS
+ grant. Patrick Baud was also partially funded by ANDRA under the FORPRO
+ framework. Our thin sections were skillfully prepared by David Mann
+ (High Mesa Petrographics).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{122}},
+Times-Cited = {{78}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{135}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Struct. Geol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{178CR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000321422200003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000326317100007,
+Author = {Sangid, Michael D.},
+Title = {{The physics of fatigue crack initiation}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Number = {{SI}},
+Pages = {{58-72}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Note = {{Symposium on Fatique and Microstructure - a Symposium on Recent Advances
+ held in Conjunction with the Materials Science and Technology Meeting,
+ Columbus, OH, OCT, 2011}},
+Abstract = {{The fatigue life of a component can be expressed as the sum of two
+ segments of life: (a) the number of loading cycles required to initiate
+ a crack and (b) the number of cycles it takes that crack to propagate to
+ failure. In this review, the primary emphasis is relating the fatigue
+ crack initiation to the microstructure of the material. Many studies
+ have focused on this phenomenon over the years and the goal of this
+ paper is to put this work in perspective and encourage future work of
+ fatigue in polycrystals based on the material's microstructure. In order
+ to address fatigue, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that
+ facilitate crack initiation. Slip irreversibilities exist in a material
+ and accumulate during fatigue loading. At the defect level,
+ irreversibilities are a result of dislocations: annihilating,
+ cross-slipping, penetrating precipitates, transmitting through grain
+ boundaries, and piling-up. These slip irreversibilities are the early
+ signs of damage during cyclic loading. The dislocations subsequently
+ form low-energy, stable structures as a means to accommodate the
+ irreversible slip processes and increasing dislocation density during
+ cyclic forward and reverse loading. The result is strain localizing in a
+ small region within the materials, i.e. persistent slip bands and
+ dislocation cells/bundles. Strain localization is a precursor to crack
+ initiation. This review paper will focus on experimental observations of
+ strain localization and the theory and numerical analysis of both slip
+ irreversibilities and low energy configuration defect structures. This
+ fundamental understanding is necessary to study persistent slip bands in
+ FCC metals and alloys including the appropriate characterization,
+ theory, and modeling. From this fundamental knowledge both
+ micromechanical and crystal plasticity models can be used to predict
+ crack initiation, which are also reviewed. Finally, this review ends
+ with a discussion of the future of fatigue modeling and experiments. (C)
+ 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sangid, MD (Reprint Author), Purdue Univ, Coll Engn, Sch Aeronaut \& Astronaut, 701 W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
+ Purdue Univ, Coll Engn, Sch Aeronaut \& Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.10.009}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3452}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue; Crack initiation; Microstructure; Slip irreversibility;
+ Persistent slip bands}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PERSISTENT SLIP BANDS; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LOW-CYCLE-FATIGUE;
+ NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; CONSTANT STRAIN AMPLITUDE; ENERGY
+ DISLOCATION-STRUCTURES; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; RANGE
+ INTERNAL-STRESSES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DEFORMED METAL CRYSTALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{msangid@purdue.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{156}},
+Times-Cited = {{74}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{109}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{243LE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000326317100007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000322691000004,
+Author = {Savija, Branko and Pacheco, Jose and Schlangen, Erik},
+Title = {{Lattice modeling of chloride diffusion in sound and cracked concrete}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Pages = {{30-40}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Reinforced concrete structures are frequently exposed to aggressive
+ environmental conditions. Most notably, chloride ions from sea water or
+ de-icing salts are potentially harmful since they promote corrosion of
+ steel reinforcement. Concrete cover of sufficient quality and depth can
+ ensure protection of the steel reinforcement. However, it is necessary
+ to study the effects of material heterogeneity and cracking on chloride
+ ingress in concrete. This is done herein by proposing a
+ three-dimensional lattice model capable of simulating chloride transport
+ in saturated sound and cracked concrete. Means of computationally
+ determining transport properties of individual phases in heterogeneous
+ concrete (aggregate, mortar, and interface), knowing the concrete
+ composition and its averaged transport properties, are presented and
+ discussed. Based on numerical experimentation and available literature,
+ a relation between the effective diffusion coefficient of cracked
+ lattice elements and the crack width was adopted. The proposed model is
+ coupled with a lattice fracture model to enable simulation of chloride
+ ingress in cracked concrete. The model was validated. on data from the
+ literature, showing good agreement with experimental results. (C) 2013
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Savija, B (Reprint Author), Delft Univ Technol, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands.
+ Savija, Branko; Pacheco, Jose; Schlangen, Erik, Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.05.003}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+Keywords = {{Lattice model; Mesoscale; Cracking; Chloride diffusion; Durability}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOCAL DIFFUSION; MORTAR; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; MIGRATION; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{b.savija@tudelft.nl
+ j.pachecofarias@tudelft.nl
+ h.e.j.g.schlangen@tudelft.nl}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Savija, Branko/0000-0003-1299-1449}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Dutch Technology Foundation (STW) {[}10978]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Financial support by the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW) for the
+ project 10978 - ``Measuring, Modelling, and Monitoring Chloride ingress
+ and Corrosion initiation in Cracked Concrete (M3C4){''} is gratefully
+ acknowledged. Constructive comments and suggestions of the reviewers are
+ appreciated.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{37}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{48}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{195GT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000322691000004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000324588700002,
+Author = {Kaddour, A. S. and Hinton, M. J. and Smith, P. A. and Li, S.},
+Title = {{The background to the third world-wide failure exercise}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Number = {{20-21, SI}},
+Pages = {{2417-2426}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The authors have recently completed two world-wide failure exercises,
+ which dealt with benchmarking recognised failure criteria under
+ two-dimensional and three-dimensional loadings, respectively. A new
+ phase, called the third world-wide failure exercise' is currently
+ underway to fill some of the major gaps identified in the previous
+ activities. The third world-wide failure exercise is concerned with
+ highlighting the degree of maturity of the current capabilities of 12
+ internationally recognised methods for modelling various aspects of
+ damage in composite materials. Such problems include matrix cracks due
+ to thermal and mechanical loads; delamination; ply constraint and
+ stacking sequence effects; loading and unloading phenomena; failure due
+ to stress gradients (in particular the hole size effect). The topics
+ addressed within the third world-wide failure exercise represent an
+ extremely important and crucial area for advanced modelling and virtual
+ testing of composites. The third world-wide failure exercise runs in two
+ stages (1) Part A which is devoted to providing full details and a
+ comparison between the 12 theories together with their blind'
+ predictions, made by their originators, for a challenging set of test
+ problems and (2) Part B which is concerned with comparing the
+ theoretical predictions with experimental results and assessing the
+ accuracy and maturity of the methods. This paper provides details of the
+ background to third world-wide failure exercise, the process of
+ completing Part A and a summary of key conclusions.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kaddour, AS (Reprint Author), QinetiQ, Ively Rd, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England.
+ Kaddour, A. S., QinetiQ, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England.
+ Hinton, M. J., Natl Composites Ctr, Bristol, Avon, England.
+ Smith, P. A., Univ Surrey, Fac Engn \& Phys Sci, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England.
+ Li, S., Univ Nottingham, Fac Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/0021998313499475}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9983}},
+EISSN = {{1530-793X}},
+Keywords = {{Damage; matrix cracking; delamination; bending; open hole; third
+ world-wide failure exercise; failure envelope}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{askaddour@QinetiQ.com}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Royal Society of the United Kingdom}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors thank the participants who took part in this world-wide
+ activity for their dedications. One of the authors (Dr Kaddour) thanks
+ the Royal Society of the United Kingdom for the award of a Royal Society
+ Industry Fellowship, hosted at the University of Surrey (UK).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Compos Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{220MO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000324588700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000321408700007,
+Author = {Alnaggar, Mohammed and Cusatis, Gianluca and Di Luzio, Giovanni},
+Title = {{Lattice Discrete Particle Modeling (LDPM) of Alkali Silica Reaction
+ (ASR) deterioration of concrete structures}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{41}},
+Pages = {{45-59}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{A large number of structures especially in high humidity environments
+ are endangered by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). ASR leads to the
+ formation of an expansive gel that imbibes water over time. The gel
+ expansion causes cracking and consequent deterioration of concrete
+ mechanical behavior in the form of strength and stiffness reduction. In
+ the recent past, many research efforts were directed towards evaluation,
+ modeling and treatment of ASR effects on structures but a comprehensive
+ computational model is still lacking. In this paper, the ASR effect is
+ implemented within the framework of the Lattice Discrete Particle Model
+ (LDPM), which simulates concrete heterogeneous character at the scale of
+ coarse aggregate pieces. The proposed formulation, entitled ASR-LDPM,
+ allows precise and unique modeling of volumetric expansion; expansion
+ anisotropy under applied load; non-uniform cracking distribution;
+ concrete strength and stiffness degradation; alkali ion concentration
+ effect; and temperature effects of concrete subjected to ASR. In
+ addition, a unique advantage of this formulation is its ability to
+ distinguish between the expansion directly related to ASR gel expansion
+ and the one associated with cracking. Simulation of experimental data
+ gathered from the literature demonstrates the ability of ASR-LDPM to
+ predict accurately ASR-induced concrete deterioration. (C) 2013 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cusatis, G (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, McCormick Sch Engn \& Appl Sci, Tech Bldg Room A125,2145 N Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Alnaggar, Mohammed; Cusatis, Gianluca, Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Di Luzio, Giovanni, Politecn Milan, Dept Struct Engn DIS, I-20133 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.04.015}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+EISSN = {{1873-393X}},
+Keywords = {{Alkali silica reaction; Concrete; Lattice model; Particle model;
+ Cracking; Deterioration}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED-CONCRETE; AGGREGATE REACTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FLY-ASH;
+ NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; REACTION-PRODUCTS; KINETIC APPROACH; DAMAGE
+ MODEL; EXPANSION; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{MohammedAlnaggar2012@u.northwestern.edu
+ g-cusatis@northwestern.edu
+ diluzio@stru.polimi.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Cusatis, Gianluca/G-2539-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{DI LUZIO, Giovanni/0000-0003-1971-8445
+ Cusatis, Gianluca/0000-0001-7436-3910}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Science \& Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security
+ {[}2009-ST-108-001]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This material is based upon work supported by the Science \& Technology
+ Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, under Award Number
+ 2009-ST-108-001. The views and conclusions contained in this document
+ are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily
+ representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the
+ U.S. Department of Homeland Security.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{93}},
+Times-Cited = {{33}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{177XM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000321408700007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000328432500003,
+Author = {Kordatos, E. Z. and Dassios, K. G. and Aggelis, D. G. and Matikas, T. E.},
+Title = {{Rapid evaluation of the fatigue limit in composites using infrared
+ lock-in thermography and acoustic emission}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{54}},
+Pages = {{14-20}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Fatigue limit determination via the conventional Wohler-curve method is
+ associated with extended experimental times as it requires testing of a
+ large number of specimens. The current paper introduces a methodology
+ for fast, reliable and experimentally economic determination of the
+ fatigue limit in monolithic and composite materials by means of combined
+ usage of two nondestructive inspection methods, namely infrared (IR)
+ lock-in thermography and acoustic emission (AE). IR thermography, as a
+ real-time and non-contact technique, allowed the detection of heat waves
+ generated due to thermo-mechanical coupling as well as of the energy
+ dissipated intrinsically during dynamic loading of the material. AE, on
+ the other hand, was employed to record the transient waves resulting
+ from crack propagation events. Aluminum grade 1050 H16 and cross-ply
+ SiC/BMAS ceramic matrix composites were subjected to fatigue loading at
+ various stress levels and were monitored by an IR camera and AE sensors.
+ The fatigue limit of the monolithic material, obtained by the lock-in
+ infrared thermography technique and supported by acoustic emission was
+ found to be in agreement with measurements obtained by the conventional
+ S-N curve method. The fatigue limit of the ceramic matrix composite was
+ validated with acoustic emission data. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Matikas, TE (Reprint Author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
+ Kordatos, E. Z.; Dassios, K. G.; Aggelis, D. G.; Matikas, T. E., Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
+ Aggelis, D. G., Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Mech Mat \& Construct, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechrescom.2013.09.005}},
+ISSN = {{0093-6413}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue limit; Lock-in thermography; Acoustic emission; CMC}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; DAMAGE EVALUATION; CONCRETE; STRESS; GLASS;
+ FRACTURE; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{matikas@otenet.gr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Dassios, Konstantinos/0000-0003-2045-8900
+ KORDATOS, EVANGELOS/0000-0002-5448-3883}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{32}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{45}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Res. Commun.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{272AK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000328432500003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000318504500055,
+Author = {Wu, Xiang-Fa and Rahman, Arifur and Zhou, Zhengping and Pelot, David D.
+ and Sinha-Ray, Suman and Chen, Bin and Payne, Scott and Yarin, Alexander
+ L.},
+Title = {{Electrospinning core-shell nanofibers for interfacial toughening and
+ self-healing of carbon-fiber/epoxy composites}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{129}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{1383-1393}},
+Month = {{AUG 5}},
+Abstract = {{This article reports a novel hybrid multiscale carbon-fiber/epoxy
+ composite reinforced with self-healing core-shell nanofibers at
+ interfaces. The ultrathin self-healing fibers were fabricated by means
+ of coelectrospinning, in which liquid dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) as the
+ healing agent was enwrapped into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to form
+ core-shell DCPD/PAN nanofibers. These core-shell nanofibers were
+ incorporated at interfaces of neighboring carbon-fiber fabrics prior to
+ resin infusion and formed into ultrathin self-healing interlayers after
+ resin infusion and curing. The core-shell DCPD/PAN fibers are expected
+ to function to self-repair the interfacial damages in composite
+ laminates, e.g., delamination. Wet layup, followed by vacuum-assisted
+ resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique, was used to process the
+ proof-of-concept hybrid multiscale self-healing composite. Three-point
+ bending test was utilized to evaluate the self-healing effect of the
+ core-shell nanofibers on the flexural stiffness of the composite
+ laminate after predamage failure. Experimental results indicate that the
+ flexural stiffness of such novel self-healing composite after predamage
+ failure can be completely recovered by the self-healing nanofiber
+ interlayers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized for
+ fractographical analysis of the failed samples. SEM micrographs clearly
+ evidenced the release of healing agent at laminate interfaces and the
+ toughening and self-healing mechanisms of the core-shell nanofibers.
+ This study expects a family of novel high-strength, lightweight
+ structural polymer composites with self-healing function for potential
+ use in aerospace and aeronautical structures, sports utilities, etc. (c)
+ 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wu, XF (Reprint Author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Fargo, ND 58108 USA.
+ Wu, Xiang-Fa; Rahman, Arifur; Zhou, Zhengping, N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Fargo, ND 58108 USA.
+ Pelot, David D.; Sinha-Ray, Suman; Yarin, Alexander L., Univ Illinois, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
+ Chen, Bin, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Studies Lab, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
+ Chen, Bin, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
+ Payne, Scott, N Dakota State Univ, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Fargo, ND 58108 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/app.38838}},
+ISSN = {{0021-8995}},
+Keywords = {{electrospinning; fibers; mechanical properties; nanostructured polymers}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EPOXY COMPOSITE; FATIGUE CRACKS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; POLYMER NANOFIBERS;
+ GLASS NANOFIBERS; FIBERS; COATINGS; REPAIR; RESINS; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Polymer Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Polymer Science}},
+Author-Email = {{xiangfa.wu@ndsu.edu
+ ayarin@uic.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NDSU by the ND NASA EPSCoR (NASA) {[}NNX07AK91A, 43500-2490-FAR018640];
+ NDSU Development Foundation}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial support of the research at NDSU by the ND NASA EPSCoR
+ (NASA Grant \# NNX07AK91A, seed grant: 43500-2490-FAR018640) and NDSU
+ Development Foundation (XFW) was gratefully acknowledged. Thanks go to
+ Professor Chunwei Sun of the Department of Pharmacy at NDSU for kind
+ assistance with the optical microscopy of the core-shell nanofibers.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
+Times-Cited = {{32}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{237}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Appl. Polym. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{138JJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000318504500055}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000318579500004,
+Author = {Wei, Xiaoding and Phuong Tran and de Vaucorbeil, Alban and Ramaswamy,
+ Ravi Bellur and Latourte, Felix and Espinosa, Horacio D.},
+Title = {{Three-dimensional numerical modeling of composite panels subjected to
+ underwater blast}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{61}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1319-1336}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Designing lightweight high-performance materials that can sustain high
+ impulsive loadings is of great interest for marine applications. In this
+ study, a finite element fluid-structure interaction model was developed
+ to understand the deformation and failure mechanisms of both monolithic
+ and sandwich composite panels. Fiber (E-glass fiber) and matrix
+ (vinylester resin) damage and degradation in individual unidirectional
+ composite laminas were modeled using Hashin failure model. The
+ delamination between laminas was modeled by a strain-rate sensitive
+ cohesive law. In sandwich panels, core compaction (H250 PVC foam) is
+ modeled by a crushable foam plasticity model with volumetric hardening
+ and strain-rate sensitivity. The model-predicted deformation histories,
+ fiber/matrix damage patterns, and inter-lamina delamination, in both
+ monolithic and sandwich composite panels, were compared with
+ experimental observations. The simulations demonstrated that the
+ delamination process is strongly rate dependent, and that Hashin model
+ captures the spatial distribution and magnitude of damage to a
+ first-order approximation. The model also revealed that the foam plays
+ an important role in improving panel performance by mitigating the
+ transmitted impulse to the back-side face sheet while maintaining
+ overall bending stiffness. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Espinosa, HD (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Wei, Xiaoding; Phuong Tran; de Vaucorbeil, Alban; Ramaswamy, Ravi Bellur; Latourte, Felix; Espinosa, Horacio D., Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmps.2013.02.007}},
+ISSN = {{0022-5096}},
+Keywords = {{Finite element analysis; Fluid-structure interaction; Composite failure;
+ Underwater blast; De lamination; Foam compaction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{METAL SANDWICH PLATES; FIBER-REINFORCED MATERIALS; DEPENDENT COHESIVE
+ ZONE; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; CRACK-GROWTH; IMPULSIVE LOADS; FAILURE;
+ BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; PERFORMANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
+ Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{espinosa@northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009
+ Wei, Xiaoding/A-9952-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wei, Xiaoding/0000-0002-5173-4923}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Office of Naval Research (ONR) {[}N00014-08-1-1055]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was carried out under the financial support of the Office
+ of Naval Research (ONR) under grant number N00014-08-1-1055. The support
+ and encouragement provided by Dr. Rajapakse through the study is greatly
+ appreciated.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{32}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{50}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mech. Phys. Solids}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{139JR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000318579500004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000313406700006,
+Author = {Lim, M. L. C. and Scully, J. R. and Kelly, R. G.},
+Title = {{Intergranular Corrosion Penetration in an Al-Mg Alloy as a Function of
+ Electrochemical and Metallurgical Conditions}},
+Journal = {{CORROSION}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{69}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{An experimental and modeling study of factors influencing intergranular
+ corrosion (IGC) penetration depth into an Al-Mg alloy, AA5083 (UNS
+ A95083), is presented. Potentiostatic tests over a range of potentials
+ in 0.6 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution were conducted on longitudinal
+ by long transverse (LT), long transverse by short transverse (ST), and
+ longitudinal by short transverse (LS) surfaces of sensitized AA5083. The
+ IGC penetration rate was found to depend on applied potential, degree of
+ sensitization (DoS), exposure time, and propagation direction relative
+ to the rolling direction. Statistical IGC depth distributions were
+ analyzed and served as inputs for a phenomenological model to estimate
+ IGC damage progression for AA5083 during exposure to 0.6 M NaCl solution
+ at pH 8.3. This model was validated by comparing the model predicted and
+ experimental depths for the 100 degrees C sensitization condition.
+ Extension of this combined experimental and modeling approach to the 80
+ degrees C sensitization demonstrated that sensitization temperature is
+ another significant factor in IGC penetration depths.}},
+Publisher = {{NATL ASSOC CORROSION ENG}},
+Address = {{1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kelly, RG (Reprint Author), Univ Virginia, Ctr Electrochem Sci \& Engn, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
+ Lim, M. L. C.; Scully, J. R.; Kelly, R. G., Univ Virginia, Ctr Electrochem Sci \& Engn, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.5006/0722}},
+ISSN = {{0010-9312}},
+Keywords = {{AA5083; aluminum-magnesium alloy; intergranular corrosion; modeling;
+ sensitization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SENSITIZED AA5083 AL-4.5MG-1.0MN; STRESS-CORROSION; LOCALIZED CORROSION;
+ INTERMETALLIC PHASES; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; NACL SOLUTION; CRACKING
+ SUSCEPTIBILITY; CU ALLOYS; ZN-MG; PRECIPITATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{rgk6y@virginia.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Office of Naval Research {[}N000140810315]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research Grant N000140810315
+ with A. Perez as Scientific Officer. We would like to recognize the
+ technical assistance given by W. Adedeji, L. Chen, and S. Jain.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{32}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{55}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Corrosion}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{069AG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000313406700006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000317845600002,
+Author = {Lian, J. and Sharaf, M. and Archie, F. and Muenstermann, S.},
+Title = {{A hybrid approach for modelling of plasticity and failure behaviour of
+ advanced high-strength steel sheets}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{22}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{188-218}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The ductile damage mechanisms dominating in modern high-strength steels
+ have emphasised the significance of the onset of damage and the
+ subsequent damage evolution in sheet metal forming processes. This paper
+ contributes to the modelling of the plasticity and ductile damage
+ behaviour of a dual-phase steel sheet by proposing a new damage
+ mechanics approach derived from the combination of different types of
+ damage models. It addresses the influence of stress state on the
+ plasticity behaviour and onset of damage of materials, and quantifies
+ the microstructure degradation using a dissipation-energy-based damage
+ evolution law. The model is implemented into ABAQUS/Explicit by means of
+ a user material subroutine (VUMAT) and applied to the subsequent
+ numerical simulations. A hybrid experimental and numerical approach is
+ employed to calibrate the material parameters, and the detailed program
+ is demonstrated. The calibrated parameters and the model are then
+ verified by experiments at different levels, and a good agreement
+ between the experimental and numerical results is achieved.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lian, J (Reprint Author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Ferrous Met, Aachen, Germany.
+ Lian, J.; Sharaf, M.; Muenstermann, S., Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Ferrous Met, Aachen, Germany.
+ Archie, F., German Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1056789512439319}},
+ISSN = {{1056-7895}},
+Keywords = {{AHSS; ductile damage and fracture; damage models; crack initiation; FEM
+ simulation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MODIFIED GURSON MODEL; SHEAR MODIFIED GURSON; DUCTILE FRACTURE;
+ ELLIPSOIDAL CAVITIES; STRESS TRIAXIALITIES; NONSPHERICAL VOIDS;
+ APPROXIMATE MODELS; TENSILE SPECIMEN; DAMAGE MECHANICS; YIELD CRITERION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{junhe.lian@iehk.rwth-aachen.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Munstermann, Sebastian/E-5480-2012
+ Lian, Junhe/C-5492-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Munstermann, Sebastian/0000-0002-6251-2429
+ Lian, Junhe/0000-0003-0323-3486}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) {[}MU 2977/1-1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Deutsche
+ Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for providing the financial funding for the
+ project `MU 2977/1-1', which formed the basis for the investigations
+ detailed in this paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Damage Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{129MU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000317845600002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000314482500022,
+Author = {Hin, Ellemieke S. and Wu, Min-Kai and Wesselink, Paul R. and Shemesh,
+ Hagay},
+Title = {{Effects of Self-Adjusting File, Mtwo, and Pro Taper on the Root Canal
+ Wall}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{262-264}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Introduction: The purpose of this ex vivo study was to observe the
+ incidence of cracks in root dentin after root canal preparation with
+ hand files, self-adjusting file (SAF), ProTaper, and Mtwo. Methods: One
+ hundred extracted mandibular premolars with single canals were randomly
+ selected. Two angulated radiographs were taken for each tooth, and the
+ width of the canal was measured at 9 mm from the apex. Five groups of 20
+ teeth each were comparable in canal width. The control group was left
+ unprepared. Four experimental groups were instrumented with hand files,
+ ProTaper, Mtwo, and SAF. Roots were then sectioned horizontally and
+ observed under a microscope. The presence of dentinal cracks and their
+ location were noted. The difference between the experimental groups was
+ analyzed with a chi(2) test. Results: No cracks were observed in the
+ control group. In the experimental groups, ProTaper, Mtwo, and SAF
+ caused cracks in 35\%, 25\%, and 10\% of teeth, respectively. The
+ hand-file group did not show any dentinal cracks (P < .0001). ProTaper
+ and Mtwo caused more cracks than hand files (P < .05), but SAF did not
+ (P > .05). Conclusions: Instrumentation of root canals with SAF, Mtwo,
+ and ProTaper could cause damage to root canal dentin. SAF has a tendency
+ to cause less dentinal cracks as compared with ProTaper or Mtwo. (J
+ Endod 2013;39:262-264)}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}},
+Address = {{360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shemesh, H (Reprint Author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Ctr Dent Amsterdam ACTA, Dept Endodontol, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands.
+ Shemesh, Hagay, Univ Amsterdam, Acad Ctr Dent Amsterdam ACTA, Dept Endodontol, NL-1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands.
+ Shemesh, Hagay, Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.020}},
+ISSN = {{0099-2399}},
+Keywords = {{Crack; dentin; Mtwo; ProTaper; root fracture; SAF}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NITI ROTARY INSTRUMENTS; PART 2; TOMOGRAPHY; FRACTURE; TEETH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Author-Email = {{hshemesh@acta.nl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Shemesh, Hagay/L-7793-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Shemesh, Hagay/0000-0002-4840-048X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Endod.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{083RI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000314482500022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000329080900007,
+Author = {Saafi, Mohamed and Andrew, Kelly and Tang, Pik Leung and McGhon, David
+ and Taylor, Steven and Rahman, Mahubur and Yang, Shangtong and Zhou,
+ Xiangming},
+Title = {{Multifunctional properties of carbon nanotube/fly ash geopolymeric
+ nanocomposites}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Pages = {{46-55}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Fly ash-based geopolymers are currently being considered as a viable
+ replacement to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to multifold benefits
+ such as cost efficiency, chemical stability, corrosion resistance, rapid
+ strength gain rate, low shrinkage and freeze-thaw resistance. However,
+ geopolymers tend to be more brittle than OPC and thus unsuitable for
+ concrete structures due to safety concerns. Geopolymers with improved
+ electrical properties can also be used as self-sensing materials capable
+ of detect their own structural damage. Therefore, this paper is aimed at
+ investigating the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the
+ mechanical and electrical properties of fly ash (FA) geopolymeric
+ composites. Geopolymeric matrices containing different MWCNTs
+ concentrations (0.0\%, 0.1\%, 0.5\% and 1.0\% by weight) were
+ synthesized and their mechanical properties (i.e., flexural strength,
+ Young's modulus, flexural toughness and fracture energy), electrical
+ conductivity and piezoresistive response were determined. A scanning
+ electron microscope (SEM) was employed to evaluate the distribution
+ quality of MWCNTs within the matrix and determine their crack-bridging
+ mechanism. The experimental results showed that the MWCNTs were
+ uniformly distributed within the matrix at 0.1 and 0.5-wt\% and they
+ were poorly distributed and severely agglomerated within the matrix at
+ 1-wt\%. The experimental results also showed that the addition of MWCNTs
+ increased the flexural strength, Young's modulus and flexural toughness
+ by as much as 160\%, 109\% and 275\%, respectively. The MWCNTs also
+ enhanced the fracture energy and increased the electrical conductivity
+ by 194\%. The geopolymeric nanocomposites exhibited a piezoresistive
+ response with high sensitivity to micro-crack propagation. (C) 2013
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Saafi, M (Reprint Author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland.
+ Saafi, Mohamed; Andrew, Kelly; McGhon, David; Taylor, Steven; Rahman, Mahubur; Yang, Shangtong, Univ Strathclyde, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland.
+ Tang, Pik Leung, Agilent Technol, Mobile Measurement Grp, Edinburgh EH12 9DJ, Midlothian, Scotland.
+ Zhou, Xiangming, Brunel Univ, Sch Engn, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.007}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+EISSN = {{1879-0526}},
+Keywords = {{Fly ash; Ceopolymer; Carbon nanotubes; Multifunctional nanocomposites}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
+ CEMENT PASTE; COMPOSITES; CONCRETE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{m.bensalem.saafi@strath.ac.uk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhou, Xiangming/0000-0001-7977-0718}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{281DT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000329080900007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000325510900016,
+Author = {Solis, Mario and Algaba, Mario and Galvin, Pedro},
+Title = {{Continuous wavelet analysis of mode shapes differences for damage
+ detection}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{645-666}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a new damage detection methodology for beams. It
+ applies wavelet analysis to locate the damage from changes in the mode
+ shapes (geometric based analysis). The proposed methodology requires the
+ mode shapes of a reference undamaged state as well as those of the
+ potentially damaged one. Once obtained, a continuous wavelet transform
+ is applied to the difference of the mode shape vectors to obtain
+ information of the changes in each of them. Finally, the results for
+ each mode are added up to compute an overall result along the structure.
+ For the addition, the wavelet coefficients of each mode are weighted
+ according to the corresponding variation of the natural frequency. By
+ doing so, emphasis is given on those modes that are more likely to be
+ affected by damage. On the other hand, mode shapes that have not changed
+ their natural frequencies are disregarded. The proposed methodology also
+ includes mathematical techniques to avoid wavelet transform edge effect,
+ experimental noise reduction in mode shapes and creation of new virtual
+ measuring points. It has been validated by experimental analysis of
+ steel beams with cracks of different sizes and at different locations.
+ The results show that the method is sensitive to little damage. The
+ paper analyses the severity threshold of damage and the required number
+ of sensors to obtain successful results. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Galvin, P (Reprint Author), Univ Seville, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn, Camino Descubrimientos, Seville 41092, Spain.
+ Solis, Mario; Algaba, Mario; Galvin, Pedro, Univ Seville, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn, Seville 41092, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.06.006}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{Damage detection; Wavelet analysis; Structural health monitoring; Modal
+ analysis; Beams}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STOCHASTIC SUBSPACE IDENTIFICATION; SIMPLY-SUPPORTED BEAMS; CRACK
+ DETECTION; TRANSFORM; LOCATION; BASES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{pedrogalvin@us.es}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Solis, Mario/J-6145-2013
+ Galvin, Pedro/E-6293-2010}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Solis, Mario/0000-0002-4482-0145
+ Galvin, Pedro/0000-0001-8981-1413}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ministerio de Economia
+ y Competitividad) {[}BIA2010-14843]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and
+ Competitiveness (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) through
+ research project BIA2010-14843. Financial support is gratefully
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{29}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{232RE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000325510900016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000320294800002,
+Author = {Bogdanovich, Alexander E. and Karahan, Mehmet and Lomov, Stepan V. and
+ Verpoest, Ignaas},
+Title = {{Quasi-static tensile behavior and damage of carbon/epoxy composite
+ reinforced with 3D non-crimp orthogonal woven fabric}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{62}},
+Pages = {{14-31}},
+Month = {{AUG 1}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study and detailed
+ mechanistic interpretations of the tensile behavior of one
+ representative 3D non-crimp orthogonal woven (3DNCOW) carbon/epoxy
+ composite. The composite is tested under uniaxial in-plane tensile
+ loading in the warp, fill and +/- 45 degrees bias directions. An
+ ``S-shape{''} nonlinearity observed in the stress-strain curves is
+ explained by the concurrent contributions of inherent carbon fiber
+ stiffening ({''}non-Hookean behavior{''}), fiber straightening, and
+ gradual damage accumulation. Several approaches to the determination of
+ a single-value Young's modulus from a significantly nonlinear
+ stress-strain curve are discussed and the best approach recommended.
+ Also, issues related to the experimental determination of effective
+ Poisson's ratios for this class of composites are discussed, and their
+ possible resolution suggested. The observed experimental values of the
+ warp- and fill-directional tensile strengths are much higher than those
+ typically obtained for 3D interlock weave carbon/epoxy composites while
+ the nonlinear material behavior observed for the +/- 45
+ degrees-directional tensile loading is in a qualitative agreement with
+ the earlier results for other textile composites. Results of the damage
+ initiation and progression, monitoried by means of acoustic emission,
+ full-field strain optical measurements, X-rays and optical microscopy,
+ are illustrated and discussed in detail. The damage modes at different
+ stages of the increasing tensile loading are analyzed, and the principal
+ progressive damage mechanisms identified, including the characteristic
+ crack patterns developed at each damage stage. It is concluded that
+ significant damage initiation of the present material occurs in the same
+ strain range as in traditional cross-ply laminates, while respective
+ strain range for other previously studied carbon/epoxy textile
+ composites is significantly lower. Overall the revealed advantages in
+ stiffness, strength and progressive damage behavior of the studied
+ composite are mainly attributed to the absence of crimp and only minimal
+ fiber waviness in the reinforcing 3DNCOW preform. C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lomov, SV (Reprint Author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Karahan, Mehmet; Lomov, Stepan V.; Verpoest, Ignaas, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met \& Mat Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
+ Bogdanovich, Alexander E., N Carolina State Univ, Dept Text Engn Chem \& Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
+ Karahan, Mehmet, Uludag Univ, Vocat Sch Tech Sci, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechmat.2013.03.005}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+Keywords = {{Mechanical properties; 3D woven composite; Tensile loading; Elastic
+ properties; Strength; Damage initiation and development}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FAILURE; PREFORMS; WEAVE; SHEAR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Stepan.Lomov@mtm.kuleuven.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/C-2366-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lomov, Stepan/0000-0002-8194-4913}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Tubitak scholarship {[}2219]; KU}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research visit of Dr. M. Karahan to K.U. Leuven has been funded by a
+ Tubitak scholarship (program BIDEB 2219) and supported by KU. Leuven.
+ The help of Mr. Bart Pelgrims and Mr. Kris Van de Staye (Department MTM,
+ K.U. Leuven) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to Dr.
+ Dmitri Mungalov, Mr. Ryan Boyle and Mr. Casey Brown (3TEX) for producing
+ experimental fabric preforms and composite samples for this study and to
+ Dr. Keith Sharp (3TEX) for assistance with proofreading the text.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{72}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{162VT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000320294800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000315550700024,
+Author = {Hojjati-Talemi, Reza and Wahab, Magd Abdel},
+Title = {{Fretting fatigue crack initiation lifetime predictor tool: Using damage
+ mechanics approach}},
+Journal = {{TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{60}},
+Pages = {{176-186}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Fretting fatigue is a combination of two complex mechanical phenomena.
+ Fretting appears between components that are subjected to small relative
+ oscillatory motions. Once these connected components undergo cyclic
+ fatigue load, fretting fatigue occurs. In general, fretting fatigue
+ failure process can be divided into two main portions, namely crack
+ initiation and crack propagation. Fretting fatigue crack initiation
+ characteristics are very difficult to detect because damages such as
+ micro-cracks are always hidden between two contact surfaces.
+ In this paper Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) approach in conjunction
+ with Finite Element Analyses (FEA) is used to find a predictor tool for
+ fretting fatigue crack initiation lifetime. For this purpose an
+ uncoupled damage evolution law is developed to model fretting fatigue
+ crack initiation lifetime at various fretting condition such as contact
+ geometry, axial stress, normal load and tangential load. The predicted
+ results are validated with published experimental data from literature.
+ (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hojjati-Talemi, R (Reprint Author), Technol Pk Zwijnaarde 903, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Hojjati-Talemi, Reza; Wahab, Magd Abdel, Univ Ghent, Fac Engn \& Architecture, Dept Mech Construct \& Prod, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.triboint.2012.10.028}},
+ISSN = {{0301-679X}},
+Keywords = {{Fretting fatigue; Crack initiation lifetime; Damage mechanics; Stress
+ triaxiality}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT; CRITICAL-PLANE; BEHAVIOR; TI-6AL-4V}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{Reza.HojjatiTalemi@UGent.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/K-4296-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/0000-0002-3610-865X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ghent University {[}BOF 01N02410]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors wish to thank the Ghent University for the financial support
+ received by the Special Funding of Ghent University, Bijzonder
+ Onderzoeksfonds (BOF), in the framework of project (BOF 01N02410).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Tribol. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{098LL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000315550700024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000315748100045,
+Author = {Pang, J. C. and Li, S. X. and Wang, Z. G. and Zhang, Z. F.},
+Title = {{General relation between tensile strength and fatigue strength of
+ metallic materials}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{564}},
+Pages = {{331-341}},
+Month = {{MAR 1}},
+Abstract = {{With the development of high-strength materials, the existing fatigue
+ strength formulae cannot satisfactorily describe the relation between
+ fatigue strength sigma(w) and tensile strength sigma(b) of metallic
+ materials with a wide range of strength. For a simple but more precise
+ prediction, the tensile and fatigue properties of SAE 4340 steel with
+ the tensile strengths ranging from 1290 MPa to 2130 MPa obtained in
+ virtue of different tempering temperatures were studied in this paper.
+ Based on the experimental results of SAE 4340 steel and numerous other
+ data available (conventional and newly developed materials), through
+ introducing a sensitive factor of defects P, a new universal fatigue
+ strength formula sigma(w)=sigma(b)(C-P.sigma(b)) was established for the
+ first time. Combining the variation tendency of fatigue crack initiation
+ sites and the competition of defects, the fatigue damage mechanisms
+ associated with different tensile strengths and cracking sites are
+ explained well. The decrease in the fatigue strength at high-strength
+ level can be explained by fracture mechanics and attributed to the
+ transition of fatigue cracking sites from surface to the inner
+ inclusions, resulting in the maximum fatigue strength sigma(max)(w) at
+ an appropriate tensile strength level. Therefore, the universal fatigue
+ strength formula cannot only explain why many metallic materials with
+ excessively high strength do not display high fatigue strength, but also
+ provide a new clue for designing the materials or eliminating the
+ processing defects of the materials. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, ZF (Reprint Author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Inst Met Res, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.
+ Pang, J. C.; Li, S. X.; Wang, Z. G.; Zhang, Z. F., Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2012.11.103}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{High-strength materials; Tensile strength; Fatigue strength; Fatigue
+ crack initiation site; Fatigue damage mechanism}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; INCLUSION SIZE; BEARING
+ STEEL; ULTRAHIGH STRENGTH; GIGACYCLE FATIGUE; CARBON-STEELS; BEHAVIOR;
+ REGIME; CU}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{zhfzhang@imr.ac.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pang, Jian Chao/E-7435-2013
+ Zhang, Zhefeng/A-9732-2010
+ Zhang Group, SPD/C-6497-2014
+ ZZF, Fatigue/C-7064-2014}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}50625103,
+ 50890173, 50931005]; National Basic Research Program of China
+ {[}2012CB631006]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank Mrs. C. L. Dai and Dr. H. F. Zou for
+ their helps of the SEM and EBSD observations. This work is supported by
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos.
+ 50625103, 50890173, 50931005 and the National Basic Research Program of
+ China under grant No. 2012CB631006.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{71}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{101AR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000315748100045}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000317161800023,
+Author = {Chowdhury, Piyas B. and Sehitoglu, Huseyin and Rateick, Richard G. and
+ Maier, Hans J.},
+Title = {{Modeling fatigue crack growth resistance of nanocrystalline alloys}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{61}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{2531-2547}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The description of fatigue crack growth in metals has remained an
+ empirical field. To address the physical processes contributing to crack
+ advance a model for fatigue crack growth (FCG) has been developed
+ utilizing a combined atomistic-continuum approach. In particular, the
+ model addresses the important topic of the role of nanoscale coherent
+ twin boundaries (CTB) on FCG. We make the central observation that FCG
+ is governed by the dislocation glide resistance and the irreversibility
+ of crack tip displacement, both influenced by the presence of CTBs. The
+ energy barriers for dislocation slip under cyclical conditions are
+ calculated as the glide dislocation approaches a twin boundary and
+ reacts with the CTB. The atomistically calculated energy barriers
+ provide input to a mechanics model for dislocations gliding in a forward
+ and reverse manner. This approach allows the irreversibility of
+ displacement at the crack tip, defined as the difference between forward
+ and reverse flow, to be determined. The simulation results demonstrate
+ that for both refinement of twin thickness and a decrease in crack tip
+ to twin spacing FCG resistance improves, in agreement with recent
+ experimental findings reported in the literature. (C) 2013 Acta
+ Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sehitoglu, H (Reprint Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci \& Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Chowdhury, Piyas B.; Sehitoglu, Huseyin, Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci \& Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Rateick, Richard G., Honeywell Aerosp, South Bend, IN 46628 USA.
+ Maier, Hans J., Univ Hannover, Inst Werkstoffkunde Mat Sci, D-30823 Garbsen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2013.01.030}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue; Nanocrystalline; Nickel; Damage tolerance; Coherent twin}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COHERENT TWIN BOUNDARIES; CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS;
+ RATE SENSITIVITY; ULTRAHIGH STRENGTH; FLOW-STRESS; STRAIN-RATE;
+ DEFORMATION; SLIP; DUCTILITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{huseyin@illinois.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chowdhury, Piyas/0000-0002-3120-7018}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Honeywell Aerospace Corporation}},
+Funding-Text = {{Support for this work was provided primarily by Honeywell Aerospace
+ Corporation. We acknowledge the use of the parallel computing resource,
+ the Taub cluster, at the University of Illinois.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{52}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{62}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{120HQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000317161800023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000330488800027,
+Author = {Papakonstantinou, K. G. and Shinozuka, M.},
+Title = {{Probabilistic model for steel corrosion in reinforced concrete
+ structures of large dimensions considering crack effects}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Pages = {{306-326}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{A probabilistic model for chloride induced corrosion of the reinforcing
+ steel in concrete structures is presented in this work. The main purpose
+ of this model is to simulate the complex phenomena involved in a
+ detailed yet simple way, appropriate for implementation on large-scale,
+ real structures. Addressing this problem a time-dependent model is
+ developed that can simulate all stages of reinforced concrete corrosion,
+ i.e. corrosion initiation, crack initiation and propagation. The
+ novelties of the formulation include a new empirical model for the crack
+ propagation stage, which combines corrosion crack width with steel-bar
+ cross sectional loss, based on published experimental results, and the
+ dynamic influence of propagating cracks on the corrosion mechanism.
+ Probabilistic concepts are also employed due to numerous sources of
+ uncertainty in the degradation model and the extent of damage is
+ quantified by considering the spatial variability of the various
+ parameters. Probability density functions for certain variables and
+ random model parts are suggested as well. A numerical application and a
+ critical discussion are presented at the end. Finally, due to the
+ variety of covered topics and the extensive reference list, the paper
+ can also serve a secondary purpose as a state-of-the-art review source.
+ (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Papakonstantinou, KG (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
+ Papakonstantinou, K. G.; Shinozuka, M., Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.06.038}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7323}},
+Keywords = {{Chloride induced steel corrosion in concrete; Corrosion initiation;
+ Crack initiation and propagation; Crack influence; Extent of damage;
+ Stochastic fields}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CHLORIDE-INDUCED CORROSION; INDUCED COVER CRACKING; RC STRUCTURES;
+ SERVICE LIFE; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; CONTAMINATED CONCRETE;
+ RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS; STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; PITTING CORROSION; THRESHOLD
+ LEVEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{kpapakon@uci.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}CMMI-1233714]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work reported in this paper has been partially supported by the
+ National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1233714. This support
+ is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Dr.
+ Seung Jun Kwon for providing some data for this work and for fruitful
+ scientific discussions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{149}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{42}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{300UF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000330488800027}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000322059500007,
+Author = {Darabi, Masoud K. and Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K. and Masad, Eyad A. and
+ Little, Dallas N.},
+Title = {{Constitutive modeling of fatigue damage response of asphalt concrete
+ materials with consideration of micro-damage healing}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{50}},
+Number = {{19}},
+Pages = {{2901-2913}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{A continuum mechanics-based viscodamage (VD) constitutive relationship
+ is proposed to model fatigue damage of asphalt concrete. The form for
+ the evolution of the viscodamage function is postulated based on the
+ damage density which was determined from uniaxial constant strain rate
+ tests that were performed at different strain rates. The proposed
+ viscodamage model is coupled with Schapery's nonlinear viscoelastic
+ (VE), Perzyna's viscoplastic (VP), and micro-damage healing (H) models
+ to simulate the nonlinear mechanical response of asphalt concrete during
+ fatigue. Numerical algorithms are implemented in the finite element code
+ Abaqus via the user material subroutine UMAT. The proposed model is
+ validated against extensive experimental data including constant strain
+ rate, cyclic displacement controlled, and cyclic stress controlled tests
+ over a range of temperatures, strain rates, loading frequencies, and
+ stress/strain levels/amplitudes. The model predictions show that the
+ VE-VP-VD-H model is capable of predicting the fatigue damage response of
+ asphalt concrete subjected to different loading conditions. The results
+ demonstrate that micro-damage healing occurs not only during the rest
+ period, but also during the cyclic strain controlled tests even in the
+ absence of the resting time. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Abu Al-Rub, RK (Reprint Author), Masdar Inst Sci \& Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
+ Darabi, Masoud K.; Masad, Eyad A.; Little, Dallas N., Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K., Masdar Inst Sci \& Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
+ Masad, Eyad A., Texas A\&M Univ Qatar, Mech Engn Program, Doha, Qatar.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.05.007}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue damage; Micro-damage healing; Viscoelasticity; Viscoplasticity;
+ Asphalt concrete}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{VISCOPLASTIC MODEL; VISCOELASTIC MEDIA; FINITE-ELEMENT; CRACK
+ INITIATION; MIXES; TIME; THERMODYNAMICS; IMPLEMENTATION; DEFORMATION;
+ FRAMEWORK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{rabualrub@masdar.ac.ae}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Asphalt Research Consortium through the US Federal Highway
+ Administration; Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) through the National
+ Priority Research Program {[}08-310-2-110]; QNRF}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Asphalt
+ Research Consortium through the US Federal Highway Administration. R.K.
+ Abu Al-Rub and E. Masad also would like to acknowledge the financial
+ support provided by Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) through the
+ National Priority Research Program project 08-310-2-110. The QNRF
+ funding supported the development of the viscodamage model for
+ predicting the fatigue damage in asphalt pavements (Section 4 of the
+ paper). Finally, the authors acknowledge Dr. Richard Kim from North
+ Carolina State University for providing the ALF experimental data used
+ in this study.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{84}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{186QP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000322059500007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000322706000023,
+Author = {Li Longbiao and Song Yingdong and Sun Youchao},
+Title = {{Estimate Interface Shear Stress of Unidirectional C/SiC Ceramic Matrix
+ Composites from Hysteresis Loops}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{20}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{693-707}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The tensile-tensile fatigue behavior of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic
+ matrix composites at room and elevated temperature has been
+ investigated. An approach to estimate the interface shear stress of
+ ceramic matrix composites under fatigue loading has been developed.
+ Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix in
+ the interface debonded region upon unloading and subsequent reloading,
+ the unloading interface reverse slip length and reloading interface new
+ slip length are determined by the fracture mechanics approach. The
+ hysteresis loss energy for the strain energy lost per volume during
+ corresponding cycle is formulatd in terms of interface shear stress. By
+ comparing the experimental hysteresis loss energy with the computational
+ values, the interface shear stress of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic
+ composites corresponding to different cycles at room and elevated
+ temperatures has been predicted.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, LB (Reprint Author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, 29 Yudao St, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
+ Li Longbiao; Sun Youchao, Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
+ Song Yingdong, Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Energy \& Power Engn, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10443-012-9297-0}},
+ISSN = {{0929-189X}},
+Keywords = {{Ceramic matrix composites; C/SiC; Fatigue; Interface shear stress;
+ Hysteresis loops; Matrix cracking; Interface debonding}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL HYSTERESIS; OUT TESTS; FATIGUE; BEHAVIOR; FRICTION; CRACKING}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{llb451@nuaa.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China {[}2012M511274]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is sponsored by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
+ (Grant No. 2012M511274).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Compos. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{195MF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000322706000023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000318532600042,
+Author = {Jassim, Z. A. and Ali, N. N. and Mustapha, F. and Jalil, N. A. Abdul},
+Title = {{A review on the vibration analysis for a damage occurrence of a
+ cantilever beam}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Pages = {{442-461}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Identification of defects in structures and its components is a crucial
+ aspect in decision making about their repair and total replacement.
+ Failure to detect the faults has various consequences, and sometimes may
+ lead to a catastrophic failure. The conducted research work reported
+ analytical and experimental investigations on the effects of a crack on
+ the cantilever steel beam with circular cross section. The objective of
+ this review is to quantify and to determine the extent of the damage
+ magnitude and the location of the cantilever beams. In analytical study,
+ finite element method (FEA) software was used in developing the model.
+ The results showed that, by monitoring the change of the natural
+ frequency it is a feasible and viable tool to indicate the damage
+ occurrence and magnitude. Unlike for small crack depth, the natural
+ frequencies are not a good damage detector. Mode shapes indicated good
+ sensitivity to detect the damage magnitude for all crack parameters.
+ Frequency Reduction Index (FRI) and Modal Assurance Criteria (MAC) were
+ found to be in order a feasible tool to find the magnitude of the damage
+ in beam structures. While, Coordinate Modal Assurance Criteria (COMAC)
+ and Curvature Change Index (CCI) were used to predict the location of
+ the crack tested beams and proved to be feasible. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ali, NN (Reprint Author), Univ Putra Malaysia, Civil Dept, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
+ Jassim, Z. A.; Jalil, N. A. Abdul, Univ Putra Malaysia, Mech \& Mfg Dept, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
+ Ali, N. N., Univ Putra Malaysia, Civil Dept, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
+ Mustapha, F., Univ Putra Malaysia, Aerosp Dept, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.02.016}},
+ISSN = {{1350-6307}},
+Keywords = {{Vibration analysis; Damage detection; Cantilever beam}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK DETECTION; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; FORCED-VIBRATION; MULTIPLE CRACKS;
+ FRAME STRUCTURES; ELEMENT-METHOD; MODE SHAPE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCATION;
+ SENSITIVITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{nisreen\_sofo@yahoo.com}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mustapha, Faizal/0000-0002-0191-1653}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{68}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{66}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fail. Anal.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{138TJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000318532600042}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000314872900008,
+Author = {Dodson, J. C. and Inman, D. J.},
+Title = {{Thermal sensitivity of Lamb waves for structural health monitoring
+ applications}},
+Journal = {{ULTRASONICS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{53}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{677-685}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{One of the drawbacks of the current Lamb wave structural health
+ monitoring methods are the false positives due to changing environmental
+ conditions such as temperature. To create an environmental insensitive
+ damage detection scheme, the physics of thermal effects on Lamb waves
+ must be understood. Dispersion and thermal sensitivity curves for an
+ isotropic plate with thermal stress and thermally varying elastic
+ modulus are presented. The thermal sensitivity of dispersion curves is
+ analytically developed and validated by experimental measurements. The
+ group velocity thermal sensitivity highlights temperature insensitive
+ features at two critical frequencies. The thermal sensitivity gives us
+ insight to how temperature affects Lamb wave speeds in different
+ frequency ranges and will help those developing structural health
+ monitoring algorithms. Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Dodson, JC (Reprint Author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Fuzes Branch, 306 W Eglin Blvd,Bldg 432, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA.
+ Dodson, J. C., USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Fuzes Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA.
+ Inman, D. J., Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ultras.2012.10.007}},
+ISSN = {{0041-624X}},
+Keywords = {{Structural health monitoring; Guided waves; Lamb waves; Thermal
+ variation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ULTRASONIC GUIDED-WAVES; TEMPERATURE STABILITY; SYSTEMS; PROPAGATION;
+ SENSORS; CRACK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine \& Medical Imaging}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine \& Medical Imaging}},
+Author-Email = {{jacob.dodson@eglin.af.mil}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, And Research for
+ Transformation (SMART) Scholarship for Service program; AFOSR
+ {[}FA9550-09-1-0686]}},
+Funding-Text = {{J. Dodson would like the acknowledge support from the Department of
+ Defense Science, Mathematics, And Research for Transformation (SMART)
+ Scholarship for Service program. All research was conducted at the
+ Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures located at
+ Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University while J. Dodson was
+ pursing his graduate degree. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the
+ support of AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0686 under the guidance of Dr.
+ David Stargel.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Ultrasonics}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{088YD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000314872900008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000323489700006,
+Author = {Farhidzadeh, Alireza and Salamone, Salvatore and Singla, Puneet},
+Title = {{A probabilistic approach for damage identification and crack mode
+ classification in reinforced concrete structures}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{14}},
+Pages = {{1722-1735}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Reinforced concrete is subjected to deterioration due to aging,
+ increased load, and natural hazards. To minimize the maintenance costs
+ and to increase the operation lifetime, researchers and practitioners
+ are increasingly interested in improving current nondestructive
+ evaluation technologies or building advanced structural health
+ monitoring strategies. Acoustic emission methods offer an attractive
+ solution for nondestructive evaluation/structural health monitoring of
+ reinforced concrete structures. In particular, monitoring the
+ development of cracks is of large interest because their properties
+ reflect not only the condition of concrete as material but also the
+ condition of the entire system at structural level. This article
+ presents a new probabilistic approach based on Gaussian mixture modeling
+ of acoustic emission to classify crack modes in reinforced concrete
+ structures. Experimental results obtained in a full-scale reinforced
+ concrete shear wall subjected to reversed cyclic loading are used to
+ demonstrate and validate the proposed approach.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Salamone, S (Reprint Author), SUNY Buffalo, SSRL, Dept Civil Struct \& Environm Engn, 212 Ketter Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
+ Farhidzadeh, Alireza; Salamone, Salvatore, SUNY Buffalo, SSRL, Dept Civil Struct \& Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
+ Singla, Puneet, SUNY Buffalo, LAIRS, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1045389X13484101}},
+ISSN = {{1045-389X}},
+EISSN = {{1530-8138}},
+Keywords = {{Acoustic emission; damage identification; Gaussian mixture modeling;
+ crack classification; reinforced concrete; cluster analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{GAUSSIAN MIXTURE-MODELS; MOMENT TENSOR ANALYSIS; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION;
+ FRACTURE PROCESS; TIME; FEATURES; BEAMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ssalamon@buffalo.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Singla, Puneet/D-3642-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Singla, Puneet/0000-0002-2441-2531}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation (NSF) {[}CMMI-0829978]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF) for
+ providing the financial support under Grant No. CMMI-0829978. The
+ experiments presented herein could not have been completed without
+ contributions from Prof. Whittaker, chair of the department, and the
+ staff of the Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory
+ (SEESL) of the State University of New York at Buffalo.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{48}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{40}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{206BC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000323489700006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000318583100002,
+Author = {Almusallam, Tarek H. and Siddiqui, Nadeem A. and Iqbal, Rizwan A. and
+ Abbas, Husain},
+Title = {{Response of hybrid-fiber reinforced concrete slabs to hard projectile
+ impact}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{58}},
+Pages = {{17-30}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{In the present study, the effectiveness of hybrid-fibers (a combination
+ of steel and plastic fibers) in improving the impact resistance of slabs
+ was studied through a detailed experimental program. A total of 54
+ hybrid-fiber reinforced slabs were cast in the two groups; each group
+ containing 27 slabs. The specimens of the first group were cast using
+ normal strength concrete, whereas specimens of second group were cast
+ using high strength concrete. All the slabs were 600 x 600 x 90 mm and
+ contained different proportions of steel and plastic fibers. Out of a
+ total number of 54 slabs, three slabs in each group were used as control
+ specimens i.e. without fibers. The impact penetration tests were carried
+ out using an air-gun system. The projectiles were made of hardened steel
+ and were bi-conic in shape. Failures of the specimens were observed and
+ size of the front and the rear face craters and the penetration depths
+ were measured. The test results showed that the hybrid-fibers in the
+ concrete lead to smaller crater volumes and reduce the spalling and
+ scabbing damage. The hybrid-fibers arrest the crack development and thus
+ minimize the size of the damaged area. The penetration depth and
+ perforation thickness were predicted by modifying the impact function of
+ NDRC equation to incorporate the effects of hybrid-fibers. The ballistic
+ limit was also predicted. A simple formulation was then proposed for the
+ prediction of the ejected concrete mass from the front and the rear
+ faces of the specimens. Predictions matched well with the experimental
+ observations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Abbas, H (Reprint Author), King Saud Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
+ Almusallam, Tarek H.; Siddiqui, Nadeem A.; Iqbal, Rizwan A.; Abbas, Husain, King Saud Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.02.005}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3509}},
+Keywords = {{Hybrid-fibers; Steel fibers; Plastic fibers; Perforation; Non-deforming
+ projectile}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE; MISSILE IMPACT; TARGETS; PENETRATION; PLATES;
+ DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{abbas\_husain@hotmail.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Almusallam, Tarek/E-7717-2014
+ Abbas, Husain/J-5782-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Almusallam, Tarek/0000-0001-9614-9990
+ Abbas, Husain/0000-0003-3865-9540}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{King Saud University {[}RGP-VPP-104]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The Authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific
+ Research at King Saud University for funding the work through the
+ research group project No. RGP-VPP-104. Thanks are also extended to the
+ MMB Chair for Research and Studies in Strengthening and Rehabilitation
+ of Structures, at the Depas talent of Civil Engineering, King Saud
+ University for providing technical support.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{46}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{139LB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000318583100002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000319634600021,
+Author = {Zhang, Zhifang and Shankar, Krishna and Ray, Tapabrata and Morozov,
+ Evgeny V. and Tahtali, Murat},
+Title = {{Vibration-based inverse algorithms for detection of delamination in
+ composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{102}},
+Pages = {{226-236}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Delamination is a frequent and potentially serious damage that can occur
+ in laminated polymer composites due to the poor inter-laminar fracture
+ toughness of the matrix. Vibration based detection methods employ
+ changes caused by loss of stiffness in dynamic parameters such as
+ frequencies to detect and assess damage. One of the challenges of using
+ frequency shift for damage detection is that while the presence of
+ damage is easily identified through a shift in measured frequency, the
+ determination of the location and the severity of the damage are not
+ easy to accomplish. To determine the location and severity of damage
+ from measured changes in frequency, it is necessary to solve the inverse
+ problem, which requires the solution of a set of non-linear simultaneous
+ equations. In this paper, we examine three different inverse algorithms
+ for solving the non-linear equations to predict the interface,
+ lengthwise location and size of delamination: direct of solution using a
+ graphical method, artificial neural network (ANN) and surrogate-based
+ optimization. The three inverse algorithms have been validated using
+ numerical data generated from the finite element model (FEM) of
+ delaminated beams and measured frequencies from modal testing conducted
+ on simply supported and cantilever carbon fiber reinforced beam
+ specimens. Results show that all three algorithms can predict the
+ delamination parameters accurately using the validation data directly
+ generated from FE model. However, if using experimental data from real
+ beams, ANN does not fare as well as the other two methods as it is more
+ sensitive to the measurement errors. Finally, the advantages and
+ limitations of each method have been summarized to provide a useful
+ guide for selecting inverse algorithms for vibration-based delamination
+ detection. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, ZF (Reprint Author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Engn \& Informat Technol, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
+ Zhang, Zhifang; Shankar, Krishna; Ray, Tapabrata; Morozov, Evgeny V.; Tahtali, Murat, Univ New S Wales, Sch Engn \& Informat Technol, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.03.012}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Delamination detection; Composite laminates; Vibration; Graphic
+ technique; Surrogate-assisted optimization; Neural network}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRUCTURAL DAMAGE DETECTION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; GENETIC
+ ALGORITHM; CRACK DETECTION; BEAMS; FREQUENCY; PREDICTION;
+ IDENTIFICATION; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{zhifang.zhang@student.adfa.edu.au
+ k.shankar@-adfa.edu.au
+ t.ray@adfa.edu.au
+ e.morozov@adfa.edu.au
+ m.tahtali@adfa.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ray, Tapabrata/B-5664-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ray, Tapabrata/0000-0003-1950-5917
+ Morozov, Evgeny/0000-0003-3094-1269}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{UNSW Canberra; China Scholarship Council (CSC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{Zhang thanks the UNSW Canberra and China Scholarship Council (CSC) for
+ providing tuition waiver scholarship and living expenses for her PhD
+ study in Australia.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{153WX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000319634600021}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000318377900014,
+Author = {Arteiro, A. and Catalanotti, G. and Xavier, J. and Camanho, P. P.},
+Title = {{Notched response of non-crimp fabric thin-ply laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{79}},
+Pages = {{97-114}},
+Month = {{APR 18}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical
+ response of a new class of advanced composite materials manufactured
+ using thin non-crimp fabrics. Tensile and compressive tests in both
+ unnotched and notched specimens were performed using two different
+ lay-ups. The notched tests were based on specimens with central cracks
+ and with circular holes, loaded in tension and compression. Digital
+ image correlation was used to monitor the onset and propagation of
+ damage on the surface plies. The results show that the lay-up with
+ blocked plies and with higher differences in fiber orientation angles
+ between consecutive plies has lower unnotched strength. However, due to
+ the larger fracture process zone observed in the notched tests, such
+ lay-up has marginally higher notched strengths. A size effect on the
+ strength was observed for both the open-hole tension and compression
+ tests. The size effect and the associated notch sensitivity of thin
+ non-crimp fabrics were similar to those observed in typical aerospace
+ grade unidirectional pre-impregnated composite materials. It is also
+ concluded that the thin non-crimp fabrics exhibit an improved response
+ to bolt-bearing loads over traditional composite materials. (C) 2013
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMec, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Arteiro, A.; Catalanotti, G.; Camanho, P. P., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMec, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Xavier, J., Univ Tras Os Montes \& Alto Douro, CITAB, P-5001801 Vila Real, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.02.001}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+Keywords = {{Laminates; Stress concentrations; Mechanical testing; Tow}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; MODEL; PREDICTION; STRENGTH; TENSILE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Xavier, Jose/A-4348-2013
+ Catalanotti, Giuseppe/I-7833-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Xavier, Jose/0000-0002-7836-4598
+ Catalanotti, Giuseppe/0000-0001-9326-9575
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia {[}FCT-DFRH-SFRH-BPD-78104-2011]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors acknowledge Chomarat (Ardeche, France), Aldila (Poway,
+ California USA), VX Aerospace (Leesburg, Virginia USA), and Prof. S.W.
+ Tsai (Stanford University, USA) for providing the material used in the
+ experimental program carried out in this work. The authors also
+ acknowledge Dr. Peter Linde and Dr. Stephane Mandi (Airbus) for the
+ useful discussions. The second and third authors would like to
+ acknowledge the suppor of the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
+ under the Grant FCT-DFRH-SFRH-BPD-78104-2011 and the Ciencia2008
+ program, respectively.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{136QG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000318377900014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000315431500017,
+Author = {Mughrabi, Hael},
+Title = {{Cyclic slip irreversibility and fatigue life: A microstructure-based
+ analysis}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{61}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{1197-1203}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{The evolution of fatigue damage is intimately related to different types
+ of more or less pronounced irreversible cyclic slip, associated with
+ gradual permanent microstructural and topological changes which
+ ultimately can cause fatigue failure. Only in a few cases has it been
+ possible to assess quantitatively the cyclic slip irreversibility. Based
+ on a limited amount of available experimental data amenable to analysis,
+ an attempt is made in this work to explore whether there exists an
+ explicit relationship between the cyclic slip irreversibility and
+ fatigue life. The existence of such a relationship is suggested by a
+ microstructure-based reformulation of the Coffin-Manson fatigue life
+ law, which involves the cyclic slip irreversibility. The analysis of the
+ experimental data in two adequately documented cases indicates that the
+ cyclic slip irreversibility is related very satisfactorily to fatigue
+ life via a power law which contains two constants. These two constants
+ can be expressed in terms of the fatigue ductility coefficient and the
+ fatigue ductility exponent of the Coffin-Manson fatigue life law. (C)
+ 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mughrabi, H (Reprint Author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Martensstr 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
+ Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.029}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{Cyclic deformation; Cyclic slip irreversibility; Fatigue damage; Fatigue
+ life; Coffin-Manson fatigue life law}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CRACK INITIATION; ALPHA-IRON;
+ DISLOCATION STRUCTURES; ALLOYS; METALS; DEFORMATION; NICKEL;
+ POLYCRYSTALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{mughrabi@ww.uni-erlangen.de}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{54}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{096UZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000315431500017}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000310572200023,
+Author = {Wang, H. T. and Wang, G. Z. and Xuan, F. Z. and Tu, S. T.},
+Title = {{An experimental investigation of local fracture resistance and crack
+ growth paths in a dissimilar metal welded joint}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS \& DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{44}},
+Pages = {{179-189}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{An experimental investigation on the local fracture resistance and crack
+ growth behavior in a Alloy52M dissimilar metal welded joint (DMWJ)
+ between A508 ferritic steel and 316L stainless steel has been carried
+ out by using the single-edge notched bend (SENB) specimens. The local
+ J-resistance curves and crack growth paths of 13 cracks located at
+ various positions in the DMWJ were determined, and the effects of the
+ local strength mismatch on local fracture resistance, crack growth paths
+ and integrity assessment for the DMWJ were analyzed. The results show
+ that the cracks always deviate to the materials with lower strength, and
+ the crack path deviations are mainly controlled by the strength
+ mismatch, rather than toughness mismatch. The J-resistance curve with
+ larger crack path deviation only reflect the apparent fracture
+ resistance along the crack growth region, rather than the intrinsic
+ fracture resistance of the material at the initial crack-tip region.
+ Without considering the local fracture resistance properties of heat
+ affected zone (HAZ), interface and near interface zone, the use of the
+ J-resistance curves of base metals or weld metals following present
+ codes will unavoidably produce non-conservative (unsafe) or excessive
+ conservative assessment results. In most cases, the assessment results
+ will be potentially unsafe. Therefore, it is recommended to obtain and
+ use local mechanical and fracture resistance properties of all regions
+ of the DMWJ if the complex local mismatch situation is a concern. And
+ new integrity assessment methods based on local damage and fracture
+ models also need to be developed for the DMWJs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wang, GZ (Reprint Author), E China Univ Sci \& Technol, MOE Key Lab Pressurized Syst \& Safety, Sch Mech \& Power Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.
+ Wang, H. T.; Wang, G. Z.; Xuan, F. Z.; Tu, S. T., E China Univ Sci \& Technol, MOE Key Lab Pressurized Syst \& Safety, Sch Mech \& Power Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.067}},
+ISSN = {{0261-3069}},
+Keywords = {{Local fracture resistance; Crack growth path; Strength mismatch;
+ Dissimilar metal welded joint; Integrity assessment}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL HETEROGENEITY; LIMIT LOADS; ALLOY; SPECIMENS; WELDMENTS;
+ BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; STEEL; CURVE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{gzwang@ecust.edu.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{xuan, fu-zhen/L-5683-2016}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51075149, 50835003];
+ National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
+ {[}2009AA044803]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was financially supported by the Projects of the National
+ Natural Science Foundation of China (51075149 and 50835003), and
+ National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
+ (2009AA044803).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{030LM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000310572200023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000327906200036,
+Author = {Michel, A. and Solgaard, A. O. S. and Pease, B. J. and Geiker, M. R. and
+ Stang, H. and Olesen, J. F.},
+Title = {{Experimental investigation of the relation between damage at the
+ concrete-steel interface and initiation of reinforcement corrosion in
+ plain and fibre reinforced concrete}},
+Journal = {{CORROSION SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{77}},
+Pages = {{308-321}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Cracks in covering concrete are known to hasten initiation of steel
+ corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. To minimise the impact of
+ cracks on the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures, current
+ approaches in (inter)national design codes often limit the concrete
+ surface crack width. Recent investigations however, indicate that the
+ concrete-reinforcement interfacial condition is a more fundamental
+ criterion related to reinforcement corrosion. This work investigates the
+ relation between macroscopic damage at the concrete-steel interface and
+ corrosion initiation of reinforcement embedded in plain and fibre
+ reinforced concrete. Comparisons of experimental and numerical results
+ indicate a strong correlation between corrosion initiation and
+ interfacial condition. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Michel, A (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Denmark DTU, Dept Civil Engn, Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Michel, A.; Solgaard, A. O. S.; Pease, B. J.; Geiker, M. R.; Stang, H.; Olesen, J. F., Tech Univ Denmark DTU, Dept Civil Engn, Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Solgaard, A. O. S., COWI AS Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Michel, A.; Geiker, M. R., Norwegian Univ Sci \& Technol NTNU, Dept Struct Engn, Trondheim, Norway.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.corsci.2013.08.019}},
+ISSN = {{0010-938X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-0496}},
+Keywords = {{Steel reinforced concrete; Atmospheric corrosion}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CHLORIDE-INDUCED CORROSION; HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE; CRACK WIDTH;
+ SPLITTING TEST; MODEL; PERMEABILITY; AREAS; RATES; WATER}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{almic@byg.dtu.dk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Pease, Brad/A-4703-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Pease, Brad/0000-0001-7088-3126
+ Olesen, John Forbes/0000-0001-6695-7719
+ Michel, Alexander/0000-0002-5934-8488
+ Stang, Henrik/0000-0002-5812-4028
+ Geiker, Mette Rica/0000-0003-4952-8394}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Femern Baelt A/S; Sund \& Baelt Holding A/S; Danish Agency for Science,
+ Technology and Innovation; COWI A/S; DTU; Bekaert NV; Grace; Danish Road
+ Directorate; Danish Expert Centre for Infrastructure; COIN (COncrete
+ INnovation centre)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of Femern
+ Baelt A/S, Sund \& Baelt Holding A/S and The Danish Agency for Science,
+ Technology and Innovation as well as COIN (COncrete INnovation centre,
+ www.coinweb.no) and its partners for facilitating the research behind
+ this paper. Financial supports of the Ph.D. study ``Application of Fibre
+ Reinforced Concrete in Civil Infrastructure{''} by the Danish Agency for
+ Science, Technology and Innovation, COWI A/S, DTU, Bekaert NV, Grace,
+ and the Danish Road Directorate are also acknowledged as well as
+ financial contributions from the Danish Expert Centre for
+ Infrastructure.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{67}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Corrosion Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{264UJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000327906200036}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000323402600037,
+Author = {Zhang, Zhongpu and Guazzato, Massimiliano and Sornusuwan, Tanapon and
+ Scherrer, Susanne S. and Rungsiyakull, Chaiy and Li, Wei and Swain,
+ Michael V. and Li, Qing},
+Title = {{Thermally induced fracture for core-veneered dental ceramic structures}},
+Journal = {{ACTA BIOMATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{9}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{8394-8402}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Effective and reliable clinical uses of dental ceramics necessitate an
+ insightful analysis of the fracture behaviour under critical conditions.
+ To better understand failure characteristics of porcelain veneered to
+ zirconia core ceramic structures, thermally induced cracking during the
+ cooling phase of fabrication is studied here by using the extended
+ finite element method (XFEM). In this study, a transient thermal
+ analysis of cooling is conducted first to determine the temperature
+ distributions. The time-dependent temperature field is then imported to
+ the XFEM model for viscoelastic thermomechanical analysis, which
+ predicts thermally induced damage and cracking at different time steps.
+ Temperature-dependent material properties are used in both transient
+ thermal and thermomechanical analyses. Three typical ceramic structures
+ are considered in this paper, namely bi-layered spheres, squat cylinders
+ and dental crowns with thickness ratios of either 1:2 or 1:1. The XFEM
+ fracture patterns exhibit good agreement with clinical observation and
+ the in vitro experimental results obtained from scanning electron
+ microscopy characterization. The study reveals that fast cooling can
+ lead to thermal fracture of these different bi-layered ceramic
+ structures, and cooling rate (in terms of heat transfer coefficient)
+ plays a critical role in crack initiation and propagation. By exploring
+ different cooling rates, the heat transfer coefficient thresholds of
+ fracture are determined for different structures, which are of clear
+ clinical implication. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, Q (Reprint Author), Univ Sydney, Fac Engn, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Zhang, Zhongpu; Rungsiyakull, Chaiy; Li, Wei; Li, Qing, Univ Sydney, Fac Engn, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Guazzato, Massimiliano, Univ Sydney, Westmead Hosp, Westmead Ctr Oral Hlth, Discipline Prosthodont,Fac Dent, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Sornusuwan, Tanapon; Swain, Michael V., Univ Sydney, Fac Dent, Discipline Biomat, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
+ Scherrer, Susanne S., Univ Geneva, Dept Prosthodont Biomat, Geneva, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.009}},
+ISSN = {{1742-7061}},
+Keywords = {{XFEM; Thermomechanical; Thermal fracture; Bi-layered ceramic; Dental
+ prosthesis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; NONCARIOUS CERVICAL LESIONS; FIXED PARTIAL
+ DENTURES; X-FEM; CRACK-GROWTH; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RESIDUAL-STRESSES;
+ FAILURE ANALYSIS; LEVEL SETS; PART II}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials}},
+Author-Email = {{qing.li@sydney.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Swain, Michael/J-7266-2017}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian Research Council (ARC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The support from Australian Research Council (ARC) is acknowledged. The
+ authors acknowledge the facilities, and the scientific and technical
+ assistance of the Australian Microscopy \& Microanalysis Research
+ Facility in The University of Sydney. We appreciate all the anonymous
+ reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions in the early
+ versions of this paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{65}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Biomater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{204WS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000323402600037}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000322706000009,
+Author = {Riccio, A. and Raimondo, A. and Scaramuzzino, F.},
+Title = {{A Study on Skin Delaminations Growth in Stiffened Composite Panels by a
+ Novel Numerical Approach}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{20}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{465-488}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, a study on skin delamination growth in stiffened
+ composite panels made of carbon fibres reinforced polymers and subjected
+ to compressive load is presented. A robust (mesh and time step
+ independent) numerical finite elements procedure, based on the Virtual
+ Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) and on the fail release approach, is used
+ here to investigate the influence of skin delamination size and position
+ on the damage tolerance of stiffened composite panels. Four stiffened
+ panels configurations with skin delaminations differently sized and
+ positioned are introduced. Bay delaminations and delaminations under the
+ stringer foot are considered. The novel numerical procedure has been
+ used to simulate the delamination growth for all the investigated panel
+ configurations and to evaluate the influence of the delaminations'
+ geometrical parameters on the growth development. As a confirmation of
+ the applicability and effectiveness of the adopted numerical tool, the
+ numerical results, obtained for all the analysed configurations, in
+ terms of grown delaminated area, displacements and strains measured in
+ various panel locations, have been compared with experimental data
+ available in literature.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Riccio, A (Reprint Author), Univ Naples 2, Dept Aerosp \& Mech Engn, Via Roma N 29, I-81031 Aversa, Italy.
+ Riccio, A.; Raimondo, A.; Scaramuzzino, F., Univ Naples 2, Dept Aerosp \& Mech Engn, I-81031 Aversa, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10443-012-9282-7}},
+ISSN = {{0929-189X}},
+Keywords = {{Skin delaminations; Damage growth; Stiffened panels; FEM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; EMBEDDED DELAMINATION; COMPRESSIVE
+ LOAD; DAMAGE; BEHAVIOR; PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{aniello.riccio@unina2.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Riccio, Aniello/F-3086-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Riccio, Aniello/0000-0001-7426-6803}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Compos. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{195MF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000322706000009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000317882500008,
+Author = {Tabatabaei, Zahra S. and Volz, Jeffery S. and Baird, Jason and Gliha,
+ Benjamin P. and Keener, Darwin I.},
+Title = {{Experimental and numerical analyses of long carbon fiber reinforced
+ concrete panels exposed to blast loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Pages = {{70-80}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The addition of long carbon fibers to traditional reinforced concrete is
+ proposed as a method to improve the blast spalling resistance of
+ concrete. A series of tests was conducted to compare the blast
+ resistance of panels constructed with either conventional reinforced
+ concrete (RC) or long carbon fiber-reinforced concrete (LCFRC).
+ Conventional reinforced concrete panels were tested as control
+ specimens. Pressure sensors measured both the free-field incident
+ pressure and the reflected pressure for each panel. Furthermore, a
+ finite element model was created in LS-DYNA to replicate both a control
+ panel and an LCFRC panel to observe whether or not the models could
+ predict the observed damage. Each of the LCFRC panels exhibited less
+ material loss and less surface damage than the control panels. The
+ addition of long carbon fibers significantly increased the concrete's
+ blast resistance and significantly reduced the degree of cracking
+ associated with the concrete panels. The results were also compared to
+ the existing damage level chart (UFC 3-340-02). A comparison of the
+ results indicates that the finite element modeling approach adopted in
+ this study provides an adequate representation of both RC and LCFRC
+ experimental responses. The results can be used in blast modeling with a
+ reasonable degree of accuracy. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tabatabaei, ZS (Reprint Author), Missouri Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil Architectural \& Environm Engn, 211 Butler Carlton Hall,1401 N Pine St, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
+ Tabatabaei, Zahra S.; Volz, Jeffery S.; Gliha, Benjamin P., Missouri Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Civil Architectural \& Environm Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
+ Baird, Jason, Missouri Univ Sci \& Technol, Dept Min \& Nucl Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
+ Keener, Darwin I., Properma Engn Coatings, Rolla, MO 65401 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.01.006}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+Keywords = {{Long carbon fiber concrete; Blast test; Numerical simulation;
+ Experimental study; Protective structure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IMPACT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{ztwx3@mail.mst.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Army Research Lab (ARL); Leonard Wood Institute (LWI)
+ {[}W911NF-07-2-0062, LWI-191-028]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the
+ Army Research Lab (ARL) and the Leonard Wood Institute (LWI) under Award
+ Nos. W911NF-07-2-0062 and LWI-191-028, respectively. The conclusions and
+ opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not
+ necessarily reflect the official views or policies of ARL and LWI. The
+ authors are also grateful for the ideas and help of Dr. Eric Musselman,
+ Assistant Professor at the University of Minnesota, and Mr. Andy
+ Coughlin at Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{56}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{129ZM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000317882500008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000317537200044,
+Author = {Zhang, Guoqi and Wang, Bing and Ma, Li and Xiong, Jian and Wu, Linzhi},
+Title = {{Response of sandwich structures with pyramidal truss cores under the
+ compression and impact loading}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{100}},
+Pages = {{451-463}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, the pyramidal truss core sandwich structures consisting
+ of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) facesheets and aluminum alloy
+ cores were manufactured based on the slot-fitting method. This hybrid
+ concept is to maximize the specific bending stiffness/strength as well
+ as obtain excellent energy absorption ability. Quasi-static compression
+ tests were conducted to get the stress-strain curves and to evaluate the
+ energy absorption mechanism. Low velocity impact tests were carried out
+ to investigate the damage resistance of such structures. The compressive
+ measurements show that the low density aluminum alloy pyramidal truss
+ cores have superior energy absorption ability compared with other
+ lightweight lattice cores. In the impact tests, the failure of matrix
+ cracking, fiber breakage, delamination of CFRP facesheets and buckling
+ of truss members occurred and the extent of damage was significantly
+ affected by the impact site. In addition to experimental testing, finite
+ element models for compression and impact simulations have been
+ developed using ABAQUS software. The numerical results were validated
+ compared with the experimental tests. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wu, LZ (Reprint Author), Harbin Inst Technol, Ctr Composite Mat \& Struct, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China.
+ Zhang, Guoqi; Wang, Bing; Ma, Li; Xiong, Jian; Wu, Linzhi, Harbin Inst Technol, Ctr Composite Mat \& Struct, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.01.012}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+Keywords = {{Truss core; Sandwich structure; Energy absorption; Impact}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER COMPOSITE SANDWICH; LATTICE MATERIAL; VELOCITY IMPACT; HOLLOW
+ TRUSSES; SHEAR; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; PANELS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{wlz@hit.edu.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wang, Bing/E-5023-2013
+ MA, Li/B-6567-2008}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program)
+ {[}2011CB610303]; National Science Foundation of China {[}11202059,
+ 90816024, 11222216]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The present work is supported by the Major State Basic Research
+ Development Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No. 2011CB610303,
+ and the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11202059,
+ 90816024 and 11222216.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{63}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{125JX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000317537200044}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000315992600094,
+Author = {Demos, Stavros G. and Raman, Rajesh N. and Negres, Raluca A.},
+Title = {{Time-resolved imaging of processes associated with exit-surface damage
+ growth in fused silica following exposure to nanosecond laser pulses}},
+Journal = {{OPTICS EXPRESS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{21}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{4875-4888}},
+Month = {{FEB 25}},
+Abstract = {{We study the dynamics of energy deposition and subsequent material
+ response associated with exit surface damage growth in fused silica
+ using a time resolved microscope system. This system enables acquisition
+ of two transient images per damage event with temporal resolution of 180
+ ps and spatial resolution on the order of 1 mu m. The experimental
+ results address important issues in laser damage growth that include: a)
+ the specific structural features within a damage site where plasma
+ formation initiates; b) the subsequent growth of the plasma regions; c)
+ the formation and expansion of radial and circumferential cracks; d) the
+ kinetics and duration of material ejection; e) the characteristics of
+ the generated shockwave. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America}},
+Publisher = {{OPTICAL SOC AMER}},
+Address = {{2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Demos, SG (Reprint Author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
+ Demos, Stavros G.; Raman, Rajesh N.; Negres, Raluca A., Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1364/OE.21.004875}},
+ISSN = {{1094-4087}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{351 NM; OPTICS; IRRADIATION; BREAKDOWN; SITES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Optics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Optics}},
+Author-Email = {{Demos1@llnl.gov}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
+ {[}DE-AC52-07NA27344]}},
+Funding-Text = {{We thank Michael D. Feit for stimulating discussions. This work was
+ performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by
+ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Opt. Express}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{104KU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000315992600094}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000323861200024,
+Author = {Quaresimin, M. and Carraro, P. A.},
+Title = {{On the investigation of the biaxial fatigue behaviour of unidirectional
+ composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{54}},
+Pages = {{200-208}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{The paper illustrates the preliminary activity of an extensive research
+ program oriented to investigate the multiaxial fatigue behaviour of
+ unidirectional composite laminates, with particular attention to the
+ analysis of the damage mechanisms and their correlation with the local
+ multiaxial stress state to be used then as the basis for the development
+ of multiaxial fatigue criterion. The definition of an effective
+ experimental procedure for multiaxial fatigue testing is carefully
+ discussed in terms of specimen geometry, specimen manufacturing and
+ local stress state. Once identified in the thin-walled tubular specimens
+ under tension-torsion loading the best test configuration for the aims
+ of the research, the results of comparative fatigue tests investigating
+ the influence of the tubes geometry (wall thickness to diameter ratio)
+ on the transverse fatigue response are presented. In the final part of
+ the paper the effects of an increasing shear stress component (sigma(6))
+ on the transverse (sigma(2)) fatigue strength and damage evolution in UD
+ glass-epoxy tubes are illustrated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Quaresimin, M (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, Stradella S Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.
+ Quaresimin, M.; Carraro, P. A., Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.014}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+Keywords = {{Lamina/ply; Fatigue; Damage mechanics; Mechanical testing; Multiaxial
+ fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; CRUCIFORM SPECIMEN; RESIDUAL STRENGTH;
+ CRACK-GROWTH; STRESS; DAMAGE; FAILURE; AXIS; LIFE; TEMPERATURES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{marino.quaresimin@unipd.it}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{210UW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000323861200024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000326429700009,
+Author = {Xiao, Jianzhuang and Li, Wengui and Corr, David J. and Shah, Surendra P.},
+Title = {{Effects of interfacial transition zones on the stress-strain behavior of
+ modeled recycled aggregate concrete}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{52}},
+Pages = {{82-99}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Based on nanoindentation tests and analysis, the constitutive
+ relationship of the Interfacial Transition Zones (ITZs) in Recycled
+ Aggregate Concrete (RAC) is put forward. Together with the
+ meso/micro-scale mechanical properties of each phase in Modeled Recycled
+ Aggregate Concrete (MRAC), the plastic-damage constitutive models are
+ employed in numerical studies on MRAC under uniaxial compression and
+ uniaxial tension loadings to predict the overall mechanical behavior,
+ particularly the stress-strain relationship. After the calibration and
+ validation with the experimental results, a parametric study has been
+ undertaken to analyze the effects of ITZs and new mortar matrix on the
+ stress-strain relationship of MRAC. It is revealed that the mechanical
+ properties of new mortar matrix and relative mechanical properties
+ between ITZs and mortar matrices play a significant role in the overall
+ stress-strain relationship and failure patterns of MRAC under both
+ uniaxial compression and uniaxial tension loadings. (C) 2013 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xiao, JZ (Reprint Author), Tongji Univ, Dept Bldg Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
+ Xiao, Jianzhuang; Li, Wengui, Tongji Univ, Dept Bldg Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
+ Li, Wengui; Corr, David J.; Shah, Surendra P., Northwestern Univ, Ctr Adv Cement Based Mat, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.05.004}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+EISSN = {{1873-3948}},
+Keywords = {{Concrete; Aggregate; Interfacial transition zone; Finite element
+ analysis; Nanoindentation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRACK-PROPAGATION; CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS;
+ UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MICROPLANE MODEL;
+ ELASTIC-MODULI; DAMAGE MODEL; FRACTURE; PERFORMANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{jzx@tongji.edu.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Corr, David/B-6930-2009}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51178340]; China
+ Scholarship Council (CSC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (51178340). The authors
+ gratefully acknowledge Prof. John Bolander of the University of
+ California, Davis, for his constructive comments and suggestions. The
+ authors sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable
+ comments that have led to the present improved version of the original
+ manuscript. The second author would also like to thank China Scholarship
+ Council (CSC) for its partial financial support during his study at
+ Northwestern University.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{67}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{244ZW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000326429700009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000324449700032,
+Author = {Mostafavi, M. and Baimpas, N. and Tarleton, E. and Atwood, R. C. and
+ McDonald, S. A. and Korsunsky, A. M. and Marrow, T. J.},
+Title = {{Three-dimensional crack observation, quantification and simulation in a
+ quasi-brittle material}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{61}},
+Number = {{16}},
+Pages = {{6276-6289}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{To investigate the fracture behaviour of polygranular graphite (a
+ quasi-brittle material), crack propagation in a short bar chevron
+ notched specimen was studied by synchrotron X-ray computed tomography
+ combined with digital volume correlation. Displacements were measured
+ within the loaded test specimen, particularly the three-dimensional
+ (3-D) profile of crack opening displacement. Analysis of the 3-D
+ displacement field confirmed the existence of distributed damage in a
+ fracture process zone, which significantly increased the effective crack
+ length. Finite element simulations affirmed that the measured crack
+ opening profiles could be reproduced using a cohesive zone model, but
+ not with a linear elastic analysis. Comparing the simulation to the
+ experimental results, it was deduced that the critical strain energy
+ release rate varied across the crack front, i.e. the fracture toughness
+ is constraint-dependent. This is proposed to be a general characteristic
+ of quasi-brittle materials. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mostafavi, M (Reprint Author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
+ Mostafavi, M.; Tarleton, E.; Marrow, T. J., Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
+ Mostafavi, M.; Marrow, T. J., Univ Oxford, Oxford Martin Sch, Oxford, England.
+ Baimpas, N.; Korsunsky, A. M., Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
+ McDonald, S. A., Univ Manchester, Manchester Xray Imaging Facil, Manchester, Lancs, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2013.07.011}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+Keywords = {{Fracture; Quasi-brittle; X-ray tomography; Digital volume correlation;
+ Cohesive zone model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DIGITAL VOLUME CORRELATION; NUCLEAR GRADE GRAPHITE; X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY;
+ BORDER FIELD; POLYGRANULAR GRAPHITE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GROWTH
+ RESISTANCE; IMAGE CORRELATION; IN-SITU; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{mahmoud.mostafavi@materials.ox.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Marrow, Thomas/J-8840-2014
+ Korsunsky, Alexander/E-2030-2012
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Marrow, Thomas/0000-0001-6120-9826
+ Korsunsky, Alexander/0000-0002-3558-5198
+ Mostafavi, Mahmoud/0000-0001-8688-7973}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Diamond Light Source; Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing
+ {[}112 - JEEP, EE7119]; Oxford Martin School; Linacre College, Oxford
+ through a Junior Research Fellowship}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was carried out with the support of the Diamond Light Source
+ and the authors acknowledge the beamtime award at the Joint Engineering,
+ Environmental and Processing (112 - JEEP) beamline (Experiment EE7119).
+ Dr. M. Drakopoulos and Dr. C. Reinhard from 112 are gratefully
+ acknowledged for their technical support. Mr. X. Mengyin, Mr. D. James
+ and Ms. A. Fargette are thanked for helping with carrying out the
+ experiment. M.M. and T.J.M. gratefully acknowledge the support of Oxford
+ Martin School and M.M. acknowledges the support of Linacre College,
+ Oxford through a Junior Research Fellowship. The Manchester X-Ray
+ Imaging Facility (Professor P.M. Mummery, in particular) is gratefully
+ acknowledged for loan of the loading rig. Finally, EDF Energy is thanked
+ for providing us with the material.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{69}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{47}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{218RI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000324449700032}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000320395400011,
+Author = {Gregoire, D. and Rojas-Solano, L. B. and Pijaudier-Cabot, G.},
+Title = {{Failure and size effect for notched and unnotched concrete beams}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN
+ GEOMECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{37}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1434-1452}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{Modelling failure in geomaterials, concrete or other quasi-brittle
+ materials and proper accounting for size effect, geometry and boundary
+ effects are still pending issues. Regularised failure models are capable
+ of describing size effect on specimens with a specific geometry, but
+ extrapolations to other geometries are rare, mostly because experimental
+ data presenting size effect for different geometries and for the same
+ material are lacking. Three-point bending fracture tests of
+ geometrically similar notched and unnotched specimens are presented. The
+ experimental results are compared with numerical simulations performed
+ with an integral-type non-local model. Comparisons illustrate the
+ shortcomings of this classical formulation, which fails to describe size
+ effect over the investigated range of geometries and sizes. Finally,
+ experimental results are also compared with the universal size effect
+ law. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pijaudier-Cabot, G (Reprint Author), Univ Pau \& Pays Adour, UMR5150, LFC R, Allee Parc Montaury, F-64600 Anglet, France.
+ Gregoire, D.; Rojas-Solano, L. B.; Pijaudier-Cabot, G., Univ Pau \& Pays Adour, UMR5150, LFC R, F-64600 Anglet, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nag.2180}},
+ISSN = {{0363-9061}},
+Keywords = {{fracture; concrete; quasi-brittle materials; size effect; geometry
+ effect; boundary effect; experimental; non-local models}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS; NONLOCAL DAMAGE MODELS; FRACTURE ENERGY;
+ CRACK-GROWTH; PROCESS ZONE; PARAMETERS; BOUNDARY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{gilles.pijaudier-cabot@univ-pau.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gregoire, David/A-2285-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Gregoire, David/0000-0003-4313-460X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{ERC {[}27769]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was sponsored by the ERC advanced grant Failflow (27769). This
+ financial support is gratefully acknowledged. We are thankful to Dr
+ Helene Carre for our different discussions and her advices concerning
+ the concrete preparation. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Christian La
+ Borderie for our different discussions and his advices concerning the
+ numerical simulations and the experimental tests.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{164FW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000320395400011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000320480000011,
+Author = {Kim, Nak-Hyun and Oh, Chang-Sik and Kim, Yun-Jae and Davies, Catrin M.
+ and Nikbin, Kamran and Dean, Dave W.},
+Title = {{Creep failure simulations of 316H at 550 degrees C: Part II - Effects of
+ specimen geometry and loading mode}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{105}},
+Pages = {{169-181}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, the FE damage analysis method, proposed in Part I, is
+ applied to simulate creep crack growth in six different types of cracked
+ specimens of 316H at 550 degrees C. Comparison with experimental results
+ shows that simulated creep crack growth rates agree well with
+ experimental data. Shortcomings of the present method to predict creep
+ crack initiation is briefly discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kim, YJ (Reprint Author), Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
+ Kim, Nak-Hyun; Oh, Chang-Sik; Kim, Yun-Jae, Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
+ Davies, Catrin M.; Nikbin, Kamran, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2BX, England.
+ Dean, Dave W., EDF Energy, Nucl Generat, Gloucester GL4 3RS, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2013.04.001}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+Keywords = {{Creep crack initiation and growth; Creep ductility; Finite element
+ damage analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-TIP FIELDS; STAINLESS-STEEL; GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; PREDICTION; FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{kimy0308@korea.ac.kr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea government (MEST)
+ {[}2012M2A7A1051939, 2012M2A8A2055601]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea
+ (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (Nos. 2012M2A7A1051939
+ and 2012M2A8A2055601).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{165JN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000320480000011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000315336200013,
+Author = {Yu, Ming and Zhu, Ping and Ma, Yingqi},
+Title = {{Effects of particle clustering on the tensile properties and failure
+ mechanisms of hollow spheres filled syntactic foams: A numerical
+ investigation by microstructure based modeling}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS \& DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{47}},
+Pages = {{80-89}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{Particle clustering originated from manufacturing process is thought to
+ be one of the critical factors to the mechanical performance of hollow
+ spheres filled syntactic foams. Although experimental evidence provides
+ a qualitative understanding of the effects of particle clustering on the
+ mechanical properties of syntactic foams, a quantitative assessment
+ cannot be made in the absence of an appropriate micromechanical modeling
+ strategy. In this study, three-dimensional microstructures of syntactic
+ foams with different degrees of particle clustering were reconstructed
+ based on random sequential adsorption (RSA) method. Three-phase finite
+ element models considering the progressive damage behavior of the
+ microsphere-matrix interface were accordingly developed by means of
+ representative volume element (RVE) to quantitatively investigate the
+ effects of particle clustering on the tensile properties and failure
+ mechanisms of syntactic foams. The simulation results indicate that the
+ elastic behavior of syntactic foams is insensitive to the degree of
+ particle clustering, but the strength properties as well as the failure
+ mechanisms are significantly influenced by the degree of particle
+ clustering. From the micromechanical viewpoint, the clustered regions
+ containing higher concentration of microspheres than the average volume
+ fraction would serve as crack initiation sites due to stress
+ concentration, and consequently lead to a negative effect on tensile
+ strength, fracture strain, and interfacial damage of syntactic foams.
+ (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhu, P (Reprint Author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst \& Vibrat, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
+ Yu, Ming; Zhu, Ping, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Syst \& Vibrat, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
+ Ma, Yingqi, Shanghai Res Inst Mat, Shanghai 200437, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.004}},
+ISSN = {{0264-1275}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4197}},
+Keywords = {{Syntactic foams; Particle clustering; Micromechanical modeling; Tensile
+ properties; Failure mechanisms; Finite element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EFFECTIVE ELASTIC-MODULI; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SIC
+ PARTICLES; SANDWICH; BEHAVIOR; PREDICTION; DESIGN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{pzhu@sjtu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
+ {[}10dz1120600]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the research
+ Grant 10dz1120600 of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai
+ Municipality.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{61}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{095LP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000315336200013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000316429600004,
+Author = {Camanho, P. P. and Bessa, M. A. and Catalanotti, G. and Vogler, M. and
+ Rolfes, R.},
+Title = {{Modeling the inelastic deformation and fracture of polymer composites -
+ Part II: Smeared crack model}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Pages = {{36-49}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes and validates a new fully three-dimensional smeared
+ crack model to predict the onset and propagation of ply failure
+ mechanisms in polymer composites reinforced by unidirectional fibers.
+ The failure criteria are used to predict not only the onset of the
+ failure mechanisms but also the orientation of the fracture plane. This
+ information is used in a smeared crack model for transverse cracking
+ that imposes a linear softening relation between the traction acting on
+ the fracture planes and the crack opening displacements. The
+ longitudinal failure mechanisms are represented using bi-linear
+ softening relations. The model is validated using off-axis compression
+ tests performed in unidirectional specimens as well as using tensile
+ tests in notched multidirectional laminates. A good correlation between
+ experimental observations and numerical predictions is obtained. (c)
+ 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Camanho, PP (Reprint Author), Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMec, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Camanho, P. P.; Bessa, M. A.; Catalanotti, G., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, DEMec, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.
+ Bessa, M. A., Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA.
+ Vogler, M.; Rolfes, R., Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Struct Anal, Hannover, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechmat.2012.12.001}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+Keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL; FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMERS; LAMINATED COMPOSITES;
+ TRANSVERSE COMPRESSION; MATRIX CRACKING; FAILURE; DELAMINATION;
+ PREDICTION; VALIDATION; MECHANISMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{pcamanho@fe.up.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Bessa, Miguel/B-2003-2014
+ Catalanotti, Giuseppe/I-7833-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bessa, Miguel/0000-0002-6216-0355
+ Catalanotti, Giuseppe/0000-0001-9326-9575
+ Camanho, Pedro/0000-0003-0363-5207}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command,
+ USAF {[}FA8655-06-1-3072]; Airbus under the integrated method for the
+ structural design of Composite components (iComp) project; Fulbright
+ program; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
+ {[}FCT-DFRH-SFRH-BPD-78104-2011]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Effort sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air
+ Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant No. FA8655-06-1-3072. The US
+ Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for
+ Governmental purposed notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon.;
+ The first author acknowledges the support of Airbus under the integrated
+ method for the structural design of Composite components (iComp)
+ project, the second author acknowledges the support of the Fulbright
+ program, and the third author acknowledges the support of the Fundacao
+ para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia under the grant
+ FCT-DFRH-SFRH-BPD-78104-2011.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{110GC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000316429600004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000314857600005,
+Author = {Heap, M. J. and Mollo, S. and Vinciguerra, S. and Lavallee, Y. and Hess,
+ K-U. and Dingwell, D. B. and Baud, P. and Iezzi, G.},
+Title = {{Thermal weakening of the carbonate basement under Mt. Etna volcano
+ (Italy): Implications for volcano instability}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{250}},
+Pages = {{42-60}},
+Month = {{JAN 15}},
+Abstract = {{The physical integrity of a sub-volcanic basement is crucial in
+ controlling the stability of a volcanic edifice. For many volcanoes,
+ this basement can comprise thick sequences of carbonates that are prone
+ to significant thermally-induced alteration. These debilitating thermal
+ reactions, facilitated by heat from proximal magma storage volumes,
+ promote the weakening of the rock mass and likely therefore encourage
+ edifice instability. Such instability can result in slow, gravitational
+ spreading and episodic to continuous slippage of unstable flanks, and
+ may also facilitate catastrophic flank collapse. Understanding the
+ propensity of a particular sub-volcanic basement to such instability
+ requires a detailed understanding of the influence of high temperatures
+ on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the rocks
+ involved. The juxtaposition of a thick carbonate substratum and magmatic
+ heat sources makes Mt Etna volcano an ideal candidate for our study. We
+ investigated experimentally the effect of temperature on two carbonate
+ rocks that have been chosen to represent the deep, heterogeneous
+ sedimentary substratum under Mt. Etna volcano. This study has
+ demonstrated that thermal-stressing resulted in a progressive and
+ significant change in the physical properties of the two rocks.
+ Porosity, wet (i.e., water-saturated) dynamic Poisson's ratio and wet
+ Vp/Vs ratio all increased, whilst P- and S-wave velocities, bulk sample
+ density, dynamic and static Young's modulus, dry Vp/Vs ratio, and dry
+ dynamic Poisson's ratio all decreased. At temperatures of 800 degrees C,
+ the carbonate in these rocks completely dissociated, resulting in a
+ total mass loss of about 45\% and the release of about 44 wt\% of CO2.
+ Uniaxial deformation experiments showed that high in-situ temperatures
+ (>500 degrees C) significantly reduced the strength of the carbonates
+ and altered their deformation behaviour. Above 500 C the rocks deformed
+ in a ductile manner and the output of acoustic emissions was greatly
+ reduced. We speculate that thermally-induced weakening and the ductile
+ behaviour of the carbonate substratum could be a key factor in
+ explaining the large-scale deformation observed at Mt Etna volcano. Our
+ findings are consistent with several field observations at Mt Etna
+ volcano and can quantitatively support the interpretation of (1) the
+ irregularly low seismic velocity zones present within the sub-volcanic
+ sedimentary basement, (2) the anomalously high CO2 degassing observed,
+ (3) the anomalously high Vp/Vs ratios and the rapid migration of fluids,
+ and (4) the increasing instability of volcanic edifices in the lifespan
+ of a magmatic system. We speculate that carbonate sub-volcanic basement
+ may emerge as one of the decisive fundamentals in controlling volcanic
+ stability. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Heap, MJ (Reprint Author), Univ Strasbourg EOST, CNRS, Lab Deformat Roches, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg,UMR 7516, 5 Rue Rene Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
+ Heap, M. J.; Baud, P., Univ Strasbourg EOST, CNRS, Lab Deformat Roches, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg,UMR 7516, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
+ Mollo, S., Ist Nazl Geofis \& Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy.
+ Vinciguerra, S., Univ Turin, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
+ Lavallee, Y., Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Dept Earth Ocean \& Ecol Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England.
+ Hess, K-U.; Dingwell, D. B., Univ Munich, LMU, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
+ Iezzi, G., Univ G DAnnunzio, Dipartimento DIGAT, I-66013 Chieti, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.10.004}},
+ISSN = {{0377-0273}},
+EISSN = {{1872-6097}},
+Keywords = {{Mt. Etna; Temperature; Carbonate basement; Decarbonation; Strength;
+ Ultrasonic wave velocities, Elastic moduli; Vp/Vs ratio; CO2 budget;
+ X-ray powder diffraction; Thermo-gravimetric analysis; Microstructure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INCREASING CRACK DAMAGE; MOUNT-ETNA; ELASTIC-MODULI; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY;
+ 2002-2003 ERUPTION; PLUMBING SYSTEM; GPS DATA; EXPERIMENTAL PETROLOGY;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{heap@unistra.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dingwell, Donald/A-4724-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Dingwell, Donald/0000-0002-3332-789X
+ Iezzi, Gianluca/0000-0003-0618-0316
+ Hess, Kai-Uwe/0000-0003-1860-8543}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{German Federation of Materials Science and Engineering (BV MatWerk);
+ German Research Foundation (DFG) {[}LA2651/1-1]; ERC {[}259256, 247076];
+ Hubert Curien Partnership (PHC) PROCOPE grant {[}27061UE]; Deutscher
+ Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) in Germany,; Ministry of Foreign and
+ European Affairs (MAE), France; Ministry of Higher Education and
+ Research (MESR), France}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank P. Tuccimei and S. Soligo for the use of
+ their analytical facilities at the Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche of
+ the University ``Roma Tre{''} in Rome, and Thierry Reuschle for his help
+ at the Universite de Strasbourg. The paper has also benefitted from
+ discussions with Alex Kushnir. M. Heap was funded by the German
+ Federation of Materials Science and Engineering (BV MatWerk) and the
+ German Research Foundation (DFG). Y. Lavallee acknowledges support from
+ the DFG grant LA2651/1-1. This work was also supported by ERC Starting
+ Grant GLASS (\#259256) and ERC Advanced Grant EVOKES (\#247076). D. B.
+ Dingwell also acknowledges support of a research professorship of the
+ Bundesexzellenzinitiative (LMUexcellent). M. J. Heap and D. B. Dingwell
+ acknowledge the support of a Hubert Curien Partnership (PHC) PROCOPE
+ grant (grant number 27061UE), the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
+ (DAAD) in Germany, and the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs
+ (MAE) and the Ministry of Higher Education and Research (MESR), both in
+ France. We appreciated the constructive comments of Guiseppe Puglisi,
+ Alessandro Aiuppa, and three anonymous reviewers.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{186}},
+Times-Cited = {{23}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{48}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{088SO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000314857600005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000319195500020,
+Author = {Yu, Lingyu and Leckey, Cara A. C. and Tian, Zhenhua},
+Title = {{Study on crack scattering in aluminum plates with Lamb wave
+ frequency-wavenumber analysis}},
+Journal = {{SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{22}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{The multimodal characteristic of Lamb waves makes the interpretation of
+ Lamb wave signals difficult in either the time or frequency domain. In
+ this work, we present our study of Lamb wave propagation
+ characterization and crack scattering using frequency-wavenumber
+ analysis. The aim is to investigate three dimensional (3D) Lamb wave
+ behavior in the presence of crack damage via the application of
+ frequency-wavenumber analysis. The analysis techniques are demonstrated
+ using simulation examples of an aluminum plate with a through-thickness
+ crack. Both in-plane and out-of-plane components are acquired through a
+ 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT), while the
+ out-of-plane component is also experimentally obtained using a scanning
+ laser Doppler vibrometer for verification purposes. The time-space
+ wavefield is then transformed to the frequency-wavenumber domain by a
+ two dimensional (2D) Fourier transform and the out-of-plane EFIT results
+ are compared to experimental measurements. The experimental and
+ simulated results are found to be in close agreement. The
+ frequency-wavenumber representation of in-plane and out-of-plane
+ components shows clear distinction among various Lamb wave modes that
+ are present. However, spatial information is lost during this 2D
+ transformation. A short space 2D Fourier transform is therefore adopted
+ to obtain the frequency-wavenumber spectra at various spatial locations,
+ resulting in a space-frequency-wavenumber representation of the signal.
+ The space-frequency-wavenumber analysis has shown its potential for
+ indicating crack presence.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yu, LY (Reprint Author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
+ Yu, Lingyu; Tian, Zhenhua, Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
+ Leckey, Cara A. C., NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0964-1726/22/6/065019}},
+Article-Number = {{065019}},
+ISSN = {{0964-1726}},
+EISSN = {{1361-665X}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE; LASER}},
+Research-Areas = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Instruments \& Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yu3@mailbox.sc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Tian, Zhenhua/I-6687-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Tian, Zhenhua/0000-0002-1903-5604}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{US Nuclear Regulatory Commission {[}NRC-04-10-155]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Part of this work is conducted through the non-reimbursement space act
+ umbrella agreement SAA1-1181 between South Carolina Research Foundation
+ (SCRF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
+ Langley research center. Part of this work is supported by the US
+ Nuclear Regulatory Commission award NRC-04-10-155.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{22}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Smart Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{147VH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000319195500020}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000315371500012,
+Author = {Jena, D. P. and Panigrahi, S. N. and Kumar, Rajesh},
+Title = {{Gear fault identification and localization using analytic wavelet
+ transform of vibration signal}},
+Journal = {{MEASUREMENT}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{46}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{1115-1124}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The aim of this present work is to identify and localize the defect in
+ gear and measure the angle between two damaged teeth in the time domain
+ of the vibration signal. The vibration signals are captured from the
+ experiments and the burst in the vibration signal is focused in the
+ analysis. The enveloping technique is revisited for defect
+ identification but is found unsatisfactory in measuring the angle
+ between two faulty teeth. A signal processing scheme is proposed to
+ filter the noise and to measure the angle between two damaged teeth. The
+ proposed technique consists of undecimated wavelet transform (UWT),
+ which is used to denoise the signal. The analytic wavelet transform
+ (AWT) has been implemented on approximation signal followed by a time
+ marginal integration (TMI) of the AWT scalogram. The TMI graph time-axis
+ is mapped onto the angular displacement of the driver gear. The
+ measurement is shown to identify the first and the second defective
+ teeth impact on gear meshing, which is visible as sharp spikes in the
+ TMI graph. An attempt is also made to replace the approximation from UWT
+ with Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) derived from the Empirical Mode
+ Decomposition (EMD). The present experimental work establishes the
+ proposed method of measuring and localizing multiple gear teeth defect
+ using vibration signal in the time domain. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jena, DP (Reprint Author), Indian Inst Technol, Sch Mech Sci, Bhubaneswar 751013, Orissa, India.
+ Jena, D. P.; Panigrahi, S. N., Indian Inst Technol, Sch Mech Sci, Bhubaneswar 751013, Orissa, India.
+ Kumar, Rajesh, SLIET, Dept Mech Engn, Longowal 148106, India.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.measurement.2012.11.010}},
+ISSN = {{0263-2241}},
+EISSN = {{1873-412X}},
+Keywords = {{Gear meshing; Analytic wavelet transform (AWT); Undecimated wavelet
+ transform (UWT); Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD); Time marginal
+ integration (TMI); Signal to noise ratio (SNR); Condition monitoring}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SPECTRAL KURTOSIS; DAMAGE DETECTION; DIAGNOSIS; DEMODULATION;
+ SENSITIVITY; CRACK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{jena.dibya@gmail.com
+ psatyan@iitbbs.ac.in
+ rajesh\_krs@hotmail.com}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{22}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{70}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Measurement}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{095YS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000315371500012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000315138800013,
+Author = {Di Luzio, Giovanni and Cusatis, Gianluca},
+Title = {{Solidification-microprestress-microplane (SMM) theory for concrete at
+ early age: Theory, validation and application}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{50}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{957-975}},
+Month = {{MAR 15}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents a new constitutive model describing the mechanical
+ behavior of concrete at early age and beyond. This model, entitled
+ solidification-microprestress-microplane (SMM) model, amalgamates the
+ microplane model and the solidification-microprestress theory and takes
+ into account all the most significant aspects of concrete behavior, such
+ as creep, shrinkage, thermal deformation, and cracking starting from the
+ initial stages of curing up to several years of age. Age-dependent
+ viscoelastic behavior under variable hygro-thermal conditions is
+ described according to the solidification-microprestress theory.
+ Cracking/damage behavior is modeled through an age-dependent microplane
+ model, in which the model parameters are assumed to be dependent on an
+ aging variable evolving with the extent of early-age chemical reactions
+ (hydration, silica-fume reaction, etc.) and temperature. Calibration and
+ validation of the model is performed by the numerical simulations of the
+ age-dependent response of sealed and unsealed specimens subject to a
+ variety of loading conditions and/or drying. Comparison with
+ experimental data shows that the SMM model can reproduce well the
+ interplay of shrinkage, creep, and cracking phenomena during curing and
+ drying. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cusatis, G (Reprint Author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, A125 Tech Bldg, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
+ Di Luzio, Giovanni, Politecn Milan, Dept Struct Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Cusatis, Gianluca, Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.11.022}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{Concrete; Early age; Cracking; Shrinkage; Creep; Relative humidity;
+ Temperature}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CHEMO-MECHANICAL MODEL; PART I; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; SORPTION
+ HYSTERESIS; TENSILE-STRENGTH; CREEP; SHRINKAGE; HYDRATION; FRACTURE;
+ TEMPERATURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{g-cusatis@northwestern.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Cusatis, Gianluca/G-2539-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{DI LUZIO, Giovanni/0000-0003-1971-8445
+ Cusatis, Gianluca/0000-0001-7436-3910}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Science \& Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security
+ {[}2009-ST-108-001]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This material is based upon work supported by the Science \& Technology
+ Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, under Award Number
+ 2009-ST-108-001. The views and conclusions contained in this document
+ are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily
+ representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the
+ U.S. Department of Homeland Security. In addition the authors wish to
+ thank the graduate students Cristina Buffa, Stefano Eccheli and Mario
+ Roveda for their contribution to the numerical simulations.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
+Times-Cited = {{22}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{092RD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000315138800013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000311873000032,
+Author = {de la Torre, Ignacio and Benito-Calvo, Alfonso and Arroyo, Adrian and
+ Zupancich, Andrea and Proffitt, Tomos},
+Title = {{Experimental protocols for the study of battered stone anvils from
+ Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{313-332}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Percussive activities are highly relevant in the economy of modern
+ hunter-gatherer societies and other primates, and are likely to have
+ been equally important during the Palaeolithic. Despite the potential
+ relevance of percussive activities in the Early Stone Age, attempts to
+ study battered artefacts are still rare. In order to establish protocols
+ of analysis of battered tools, this paper pursues an interdisciplinary
+ approach combining techno-typological, refit, use-wear and GIS studies
+ of experimental anvils from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). The main aim is to
+ classify types of damage on battered artefacts according to the
+ percussive task performed, and hence identify patterns that can be used
+ to interpret the Oldowan and Acheulean evidence. Our results indicate
+ that abrasion marks on anvil surfaces are typical of nut cracking, while
+ bone breaking leaves characteristic scars and abrasion marks on the
+ edges of anvils. Pounding of soft materials such as meat and plants also
+ causes battering of anvils, producing morphological and spatial patterns
+ that can be discerned from the heavy breakage of anvils during bipolar
+ flaking. By integrating macroscopic, microscopic and spatial analyses of
+ experimental stone tools, this paper contributes to create a referential
+ framework in which Early Stone Age battered artefacts can be
+ interpreted. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{de la Torre, I (Reprint Author), UCL, Inst Archaeol, 31-34 Gordon Sq, London WC1H 0PY, England.
+ de la Torre, Ignacio; Arroyo, Adrian; Zupancich, Andrea; Proffitt, Tomos, UCL, Inst Archaeol, London WC1H 0PY, England.
+ Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Ctr Nacl Invest Evoluc Humana CENIEH, Burgos 09002, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jas.2012.08.007}},
+ISSN = {{0305-4403}},
+Keywords = {{Battered tools; Stone anvils; Lithic use wear; GIS; Early Stone Age;
+ Olduvai}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BED-I; NUT CRACKING; MICROWEAR; TOOLS; TECHNOLOGY; MONKEYS; QUARTZ; SITE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{i.torre@ucl.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Benito-Calvo, Alfonso/G-3897-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Benito-Calvo, Alfonso/0000-0002-6363-1753}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}BCS-0852292]; British Academy
+ {[}IP090186]; Leverhulme Trust {[}IN-052]; European Research Council
+ {[}283366]}},
+Funding-Text = {{We are grateful to the comments of anonymous reviewers on an earlier
+ version of this paper. We thank Trackback Food Services (Essex) for
+ their kind supply of cow bones, and Susana Carvalho for the Coula
+ edulis. Research at Olduvai Gorge is authorized by COSTECH and
+ Department of Antiquities, Tanzania. Funding by the National Science
+ Foundation (BCS-0852292), British Academy (IP090186), Leverhulme Trust
+ (IN-052), and the European Research Council - Starting Grants (283366),
+ is gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{22}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Archaeol. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{047WU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000311873000032}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000326903800022,
+Author = {Li, Longbiao},
+Title = {{Fatigue hysteresis behavior of cross-ply C/SiC ceramic matrix composites
+ at room and elevated temperatures}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{586}},
+Pages = {{160-170}},
+Month = {{DEC 1}},
+Abstract = {{The tensile fatigue hysteresis behavior of cross-ply C/SiC composites at
+ room and elevated temperatures in air atmosphere has been investigated
+ in present analysis. The hysteresis modulus and hysteresis loss energy
+ corresponding to different cycles have been analyzed. Based on damage
+ mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix in fiber/matrix interface
+ debonded region upon unloading and subsequent reloading, the hysteresis
+ loops models considering different matrix cracking modes have been
+ developed. The hysteresis loss energy for strain energy lost per volume
+ during corresponding cycle is formulated in terms of fiber/matrix
+ interface shear stress. By comparing experimental hysteresis loss energy
+ with computational values, fiber/matrix interface shear stress of
+ cross-ply C/SiC composites at room and elevated temperatures has been
+ estimated. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, LB (Reprint Author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, 29 Yudao St, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
+ Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2013.08.017}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Fatigue; Hysteresis loops; Interface}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACKING; LOOPS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{llb451@nuaa.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China {[}2012M511274]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is sponsored by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
+ (Grant no. 2012M511274). The author also thanks the anonymous reviewers
+ and the editor for their valuable comments.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{21}},
+Times-Cited = {{21}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{251BW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000326903800022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000326553900014,
+Author = {Dehkhoda, Sevda and Hood, Michael},
+Title = {{An experimental study of surface and sub-surface damage in pulsed
+ water-jet breakage of rocks}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{63}},
+Pages = {{138-147}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper investigates the relative contributions of the pulse length
+ and pulsation frequency on the surface and sub-surface damage that is
+ caused by a pulsed water-jet on rock targets. Studies demonstrate that
+ the failure zone directly under the impacted surface, including cavity
+ formation and tensile crack-initiation, is caused by the impact stress
+ and by water flows from the individual water-pulses. The magnitude of
+ this damage is thus related to the pulsation frequency. The sub-critical
+ cracks, which result from these impacts and which propagate to cause
+ major rock-failure, are found to depend on the pulse length. Longer
+ pulses are required to propagate cracks as the depth of damage (cavity
+ depth) increases. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Dehkhoda, S (Reprint Author), Univ Queensland, CRCMin, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
+ Dehkhoda, Sevda; Hood, Michael, Univ Queensland, CRCMin, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.08.013}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4545}},
+Keywords = {{Pulsed water-jet; Rock breakage; Experimental study; Pulse length;
+ Pulsation frequency; Surface and sub-surface damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LIQUID IMPACT; SOLIDS; DROP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{sevda.dehkhoda@uqconnect.edu.au}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Dehkhoda, Sevda/0000-0002-8540-0147}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{CRCMining}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank CRCMining for the project's financial
+ support, Dr Habib Alehossein for sharing his valuable knowledge, Joji
+ Quidim for his skilful support in preparing the data acquisition system
+ and for his assistance in conducting the experiments, and David Cusack
+ for his support in designing the mechanical equipment.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{21}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{246QJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000326553900014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000325769800033,
+Author = {Lisjak, A. and Liu, Q. and Zhao, Q. and Mahabadi, O. K. and Grasselli,
+ G.},
+Title = {{Numerical simulation of acoustic emission in brittle rocks by
+ two-dimensional finite-discrete element analysis}},
+Journal = {{GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{195}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{423-443}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Stress waves, known as acoustic emissions (AEs), are released by
+ localized inelastic deformation events during the progressive failure of
+ brittle rocks. Although several numerical models have been developed to
+ simulate the deformation and damage processes of rocks, such as
+ non-linear stress-strain behaviour and localization of failure, only a
+ limited number have been capable of providing quantitative information
+ regarding the associated seismicity. Moreover, the majority of these
+ studies have adopted a pseudo-static approach based on elastic strain
+ energy dissipation that completely disregards elastodynamic effects.
+ This paper describes a new AE modelling technique based on the combined
+ finite-discrete element method (FEM/DEM), a numerical tool that
+ simulates material failure by explicitly considering fracture nucleation
+ and propagation in the modelling domain. Given the explicit time
+ integration scheme of the solver, stress wave propagation and the effect
+ of radiated seismic energy can be directly captured. Quasi-dynamic
+ seismic information is extracted from a FEM/DEM model with a newly
+ developed algorithm based on the monitoring of internal variables (e.g.
+ relative displacements and kinetic energy) in proximity to propagating
+ cracks. The AE of a wing crack propagation model based on this algorithm
+ are cross-analysed by traveltime inversion and energy estimation from
+ seismic recordings. Results indicate a good correlation of AE initiation
+ times and locations, and scaling of energies, independently calculated
+ with the two methods. Finally, the modelling technique is validated by
+ simulating a laboratory compression test on a granite sample. The
+ micromechanical parameters of the heterogeneous model are first
+ calibrated to reproduce the macroscopic stress-strain response measured
+ during standard laboratory tests. Subsequently, AE frequency-magnitude
+ statistics, spatial clustering of source locations and the evolution of
+ AE rate are investigated. The distribution of event magnitude tends to
+ decay as power law while the spatial distribution of sources exhibits a
+ fractal character, in agreement with experimental observations.
+ Moreover, the model can capture the decrease of seismic b value
+ associated with the macrorupture of the rock sample and the transition
+ of AE spatial distribution from diffuse, in the pre-peak stage, to
+ strongly localized at the peak and post-peak stages, as reported in a
+ number of published laboratory studies. In future studies, the validated
+ FEM/DEM-AE modelling technique will be used to obtain further insights
+ into the micromechanics of rock failure with potential applications
+ ranging from laboratory-scale microcracking to engineering-scale
+ processes (e.g. excavations within mines, tunnels and caverns, petroleum
+ and geothermal reservoirs) to tectonic earthquakes triggering.}},
+Publisher = {{OXFORD UNIV PRESS}},
+Address = {{GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lisjak, A (Reprint Author), Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
+ Lisjak, A.; Zhao, Q.; Mahabadi, O. K.; Grasselli, G., Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
+ Liu, Q., Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1093/gji/ggt221}},
+ISSN = {{0956-540X}},
+EISSN = {{1365-246X}},
+Keywords = {{Numerical solutions; Geomechanics; Fracture and flow; Mechanics; theory;
+ and modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BONDED-PARTICLE MODEL; AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES; FRACTURE PROPAGATION;
+ DUCTILE TRANSITION; STRAIN-RATE; B-VALUE; SEISMICITY; COMPRESSION;
+ CRACK; GRANITE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Geochemistry \& Geophysics}},
+Author-Email = {{andrea.lisjak@utoronto.ca}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Grasselli, Giovanni/A-8846-2010
+ Mahabadi, Omid/E-1771-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mahabadi, Omid/0000-0002-8525-4290}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
+ {[}341275]; Ontario Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology;
+ Grosso Group Graduate Scholarship; NSERC {[}487237]; University of
+ Toronto}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work has been supported by the Natural Science and Engineering
+ Research Council of Canada (NSERC) in the form of Discovery Grant No.
+ 341275 and an Ontario Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology
+ held by OKM. AL would like to thank the support from the Grosso Group
+ Graduate Scholarship. QL would also like to thank the support from NSERC
+ Discovery Grant No. 487237 and the University of Toronto Startup Fund.
+ Finally, the authors wish to thank Dr Alexandre Schubnel and one
+ anonymous reviewer for their valuable comments and suggestions to
+ improve the quality of the paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{92}},
+Times-Cited = {{21}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{82}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Geophys. J. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{236BX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000325769800033}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000322413100007,
+Author = {Shojaei, Amir and Voyiadjis, George Z. and Tan, P. J.},
+Title = {{Viscoplastic constitutive theory for brittle to ductile damage in
+ polycrystalline materials under dynamic loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2013}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Pages = {{125-151}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{For every dynamic problem an ad hoc model can be developed to reproduce
+ the damage levels in materials. This work provides a unified model to
+ capture low to high strain rate and ductile to brittle damage processes
+ in dynamic problems with different dynamic energy densities. First a
+ viscoplastic model for low to high strain rate responses of
+ polycrystalline materials is developed. The established viscoplastic
+ model shows excellent correlation between the simulations and
+ experimental results for a wide range of strain rates while it can be
+ readily calibrated with two set of the experimental results. The
+ pressure and temperature dependent elastic material properties are
+ incorporated to account for the effect of the pressure and temperature
+ variations in dynamic problems. The microscale degradation processes,
+ i.e., microcracking and microvoiding, are then correlated to the
+ macroscale failure modes in which the transition between the ductile to
+ brittle microfracture modes is attributed to stress triaxiality,
+ shielding and blunting effects in microcracking, and rate-sensitivity.
+ Also, as a complementary to previously developed ductile void growth
+ models, a novel fracture mechanics based damage model is developed to
+ describe the microcracking process. While microvoiding models, such as
+ Johnson void model (Johnson, 1981), assume the hydrostatic part of the
+ applied stress dominates the deformation mechanism, the developed
+ microcracking model is suited for the problems with the dominant
+ deviatoric stress. The develop model takes into account the effects of
+ the ductile crack bunting and brittle crack cleavage and also the effect
+ of the formation and propagation of the dislocation trails at the
+ microcrack tip. The microscale damage mechanisms are then correlated to
+ the macrofracture modes within the Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM)
+ framework. The developed multiscale damage framework shows excellent
+ flexibility to reproduce a wide variety of experimental results. Also
+ the developed damage framework is capable of incorporating the
+ stochastic analyses which can take into account the inherent
+ uncertainties in the dynamic problems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Voyiadjis, GZ (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Shojaei, Amir; Tan, P. J., UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England.
+ Shojaei, Amir, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Voyiadjis, George Z., Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.02.009}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{Brittle damage; Ductile damage; Viscoplastic behavior; Polycrystalline
+ materials; Microcracks and microvoids}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-STRAIN-RATE; AL-6XN STAINLESS-STEEL; CRACK-TIP; INELASTIC
+ DEFORMATION; CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; GRAIN-SIZE; WIDE-RANGE;
+ SOLIDS; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{voyiadjis@eng.lsu.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Shojaei, Amir/H-6035-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Shojaei, Amir/0000-0001-7077-4624}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{EPSRC (UK) {[}EP/I028811/1]; National Research Foundation of Korea;
+ LaSPACE, Louisiana Board of Regents {[}LEQSF 2010-15 LaSPACE]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is funded by the EPSRC (UK) under grant number EP/I028811/1
+ for which the principal investigator (PJT) gratefully acknowledges. GZV
+ acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea for the funding
+ of a World Class University project that enabled him to collaborate with
+ Prof. Taehyo Park at Hanyang University, Seoul (Republic of Korea). He
+ also acknowledges the support of funding from LaSPACE, Louisiana Board
+ of Regents (LEQSF 2010-15 LaSPACE).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{98}},
+Times-Cited = {{21}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{42}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{191KY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000322413100007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2014.bib b/data/WoS_export/2014.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4b3b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2014.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3359 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000330493700033,
+Author = {Chai, Gin Boay and Manikandan, Periyasamy},
+Title = {{Low velocity impact response of fibre-metal laminates - A review}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{107}},
+Pages = {{363-381}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This contribution hopes to give a comprehensive review of past and
+ current research work published on the dynamic response of fibre-metal
+ laminates subjected to low velocity impact. The historical development
+ of fibre-metal laminates is first reviewed in details, and notable
+ researchers and their contributions are chronologically tabulated and
+ reviewed. Included are also reviews on published experimental, numerical
+ and analytical work on the low velocity impact of fibre-metal laminates.
+ Detailed discussions on the two main groups of parameters namely
+ geometry and material based parameters that influenced the structural
+ response of fibre metal laminates to low-velocity impact. The review
+ concludes with detailed discussions on the future works needed for
+ fibre-metal laminates subjected to low velocity impact loads. (C) 2013
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chai, GB (Reprint Author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Aerosp Engn, Sch Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
+ Chai, Gin Boay; Manikandan, Periyasamy, Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Aerosp Engn, Sch Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.08.003}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{Low velocity impact; Quasi-static; Fibre-metal laminates; Dynamic
+ response}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PROGRESSIVE FAILURE MODEL; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; FACESHEET
+ CRACK-GROWTH; COMPOSITE PLATES; SANDWICH PANELS; STACKING-SEQUENCE;
+ HYBRID COMPOSITE; FATIGUE DAMAGE; PERMANENT INDENTATION;
+ NUMERICAL-SIMULATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{mgbchai@ntu.edu.sg}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chai, Gin Boay/A-3890-2011
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chai, Gin Boay/0000-0003-1093-984X
+ Manikandan, Periyasamy/0000-0002-7329-3196}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Nanyang Technological University; NTU-DLR collaboration}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial support in the form of a research student scholarship
+ provided by Nanyang Technological University, and the permission to use
+ the laboratory and computing facilities at the School of Mechanical and
+ Aerospace Engineering are truly acknowledged. The funding of the NTU-DLR
+ collaboration must also be acknowledged here. It must also be mentioned
+ that the fabrication of test specimens by final year students are
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{143}},
+Times-Cited = {{41}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{58}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{300WC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000330493700033}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000331416300001,
+Author = {Cao, Maosen and Xu, Wei and Ostachowicz, Wieslaw and Su, Zhongqing},
+Title = {{Damage identification for beams in noisy conditions based on Teager
+ energy operator-wavelet transform modal curvature}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{333}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{1543-1553}},
+Month = {{MAR 17}},
+Abstract = {{Modal curvatures have been widely used in the detection of structural
+ damage. Attractive features of modal curvature include great sensitivity
+ to damage and instant determination of damage location. However, an
+ intrinsic deficiency in a modal curvature is its susceptibility to the
+ measurement noise present in the displacement mode shape that produces
+ the modal curvature, likely obscuring the features of damage. To address
+ this deficiency, the Teager energy operator together with wavelet
+ transform is tactically utilized to treat modal curvature, producing a
+ new modal curvature, termed the Teager energy operator-wavelet transform
+ modal curvature. This new modal curvature features distinct capabilities
+ of suppressing noise, canceling global trends, and intensifying the
+ singular feature caused by damage for a measured mode shape involving
+ noise. These features maximize the sensitivity to damage and accuracy of
+ damage localization. The proposed modal curvature is demonstrated in
+ several analytical cases of cracked pinned-pinned, clamped-free and
+ clamped-clamped beams, with emphasis on characterizing damage in noisy
+ conditions, and it is further validated by an experimental program using
+ a scanning laser vibrometer to acquire mode shapes of a cracked aluminum
+ beam. The Teager energy operator-wavelet transform modal curvature
+ essentially overcomes the deficiency of conventional modal curvature,
+ providing a new dynamic feature well suited for damage characterization
+ in noisy environments. (The Matlab code for implementing Teager energy
+ operator-wavelet transform modal curvature can be provided by the
+ corresponding author on request. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ostachowicz, W (Reprint Author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Fluid Flow Machinery, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
+ Cao, Maosen; Xu, Wei, Hohai Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
+ Cao, Maosen; Ostachowicz, Wieslaw, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Fluid Flow Machinery, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
+ Ostachowicz, Wieslaw, Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Automot \& Construct Machinery, PL-02524 Warsaw, Poland.
+ Su, Zhongqing, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jsv.2013.11.003}},
+ISSN = {{0022-460X}},
+EISSN = {{1095-8568}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL FREQUENCIES; VIBRATION; SHAPES; DERIVATIVES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{wieslaw@imp.gda.pl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{SU, Zhongqing/G-9560-2015}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Marie Curie Industry Academia Partnership and Pathways Grant within the
+ 7th European Community Framework Programme {[}251309 STA-DY-WI-CO];
+ Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of
+ PR China {[}201050]; National Natural Science Foundation of China
+ {[}11172091]}},
+Funding-Text = {{M. Cao and W. Ostachowicz are grateful for a Marie Curie Industry
+ Academia Partnership and Pathways Grant (Grant no. 251309 STA-DY-WI-CO)
+ within the 7th European Community Framework Programme). W. Xu
+ acknowledges the partial support provided by a Foundation for the Author
+ of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China (Grant no.
+ 201050) and a National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.
+ 11172091).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Sound Vibr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AA9LZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000331416300001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000339459500023,
+Author = {Yang, Wen and Sherman, Vincent R. and Gludovatz, Bernd and Mackey, Mason
+ and Zimmermann, Elizabeth A. and Chang, Edwin H. and Schaible, Eric and
+ Qin, Zhao and Buehler, Markus J. and Ritchie, Robert O. and Meyers, Marc
+ A.},
+Title = {{Protective role of Arapaima gigas fish scales: Structure and mechanical
+ behavior}},
+Journal = {{ACTA BIOMATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{10}},
+Number = {{8}},
+Pages = {{3599-3614}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{The scales of the arapaima (Arapaima gigas), one of the largest
+ freshwater fish in the world, can serve as inspiration for the design of
+ flexible dermal armor. Each scale is composed of two layers: a laminate
+ composite of parallel collagen fibrils and a hard, highly mineralized
+ surface layer. We review the structure of the arapaima scales and
+ examine the functions of the different layers, focusing on the
+ mechanical behavior, including tension and penetration of the scales,
+ with and without the highly mineralized outer layer. We show that the
+ fracture of the mineral and the stretching, rotation and delamination of
+ collagen fibrils dissipate a significant amount of energy prior to
+ catastrophic failure, providing high toughness and resistance to
+ penetration by predator teeth. We show that the arapaima's scale has
+ evolved to minimize damage from penetration by predator teeth through a
+ Bouligand-like arrangement of successive layers, each consisting of
+ parallel collagen fibrils with different orientations. This inhibits
+ crack propagation and restricts damage to an area adjoining the
+ penetration. The flexibility of the lamellae is instrumental to the
+ redistribution of the compressive stresses in the underlying tissue,
+ decreasing the severity of the concentrated load produced by the action
+ of a tooth. The experimental results, combined with small-angle Xray
+ scattering characterization and molecular dynamics simulations, provide
+ a complete picture of the mechanisms of deformation, delamination and
+ rotation of the lamellae during tensile extension of the scale. (C) 2014
+ Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ritchie, RO (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Yang, Wen; Sherman, Vincent R.; Meyers, Marc A., Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci \& Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
+ Gludovatz, Bernd; Zimmermann, Elizabeth A.; Chang, Edwin H.; Schaible, Eric; Ritchie, Robert O., Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Mackey, Mason, Univ Calif San Diego, Natl Ctr Microscopy, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
+ Mackey, Mason, Univ Calif San Diego, Imaging Res Facil, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
+ Qin, Zhao; Buehler, Markus J., MIT, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
+ Ritchie, Robert O., Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
+ Meyers, Marc A., Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
+ Meyers, Marc A., Univ Calif San Diego, Dept NanoEngn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.009}},
+ISSN = {{1742-7061}},
+EISSN = {{1878-7568}},
+Keywords = {{Arapaima; Fish scales; Armor; Collagen; Delamination}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LAMINATE STRUCTURE; DERMAL ARMOR; RESISTANCE; BONE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials}},
+Author-Email = {{roritchie@lbl.gov
+ mameyers@eng.ucsd.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008
+ Zimmermann, Elizabeth/A-4010-2015
+ Buehler, Markus/C-4580-2008
+ Yang, Wen/H-8628-2013
+ YANG, Wen/E-1449-2015
+ Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zimmermann, Elizabeth/0000-0001-9927-3372
+ Gludovatz, Bernd/0000-0002-2420-3879
+ Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998
+ Buehler, Markus/0000-0002-4173-9659
+ Yang, Wen/0000-0002-1817-4194
+ YANG, Wen/0000-0002-1817-4194
+ Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research, Ceramics
+ Program {[}1006931]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
+ Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the US Department of
+ Energy {[}DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the US Department of
+ Energy; ARO/ISN {[}W911NF-07-D-004]; UC Research Laboratories Grant
+ {[}09-LR-06-118456-MEYM]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of
+ Materials Research, Ceramics Program Grant, 1006931. The mechanical
+ testing, in situ SEM and SAXS experiments were supported by the
+ Mechanical Behavior of Materials Program at the Lawrence Berkeley
+ National Laboratory (LBNL) funded by the Office of Science, Office of
+ Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of
+ the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The
+ SAXS experiments were performed at beam line 7.3.3 at the Advanced Light
+ Source at LBNL, also supported by the Office of Science of the US
+ Department of Energy under the same contract. The computational work at
+ MIT was funded by ARO/ISN under contract no. W911NF-07-D-004. W.Y. also
+ acknowledges support from UC Research Laboratories Grant
+ (09-LR-06-118456-MEYM). We thank Mr. Gaspar Ritter, Kuryiala Lodge,
+ Araguaia River, for providing us with the arapaima scales. We thank Qian
+ Huang and Maribel Montero for the help with the AFM images.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{63}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Biomater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AL9KH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000339459500023}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000331664900011,
+Author = {Malcher, L. and Andrade Pires, F. M. and Cesar de Sa, J. M. A.},
+Title = {{An extended GTN model for ductile fracture under high and low stress
+ triaxiality}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{54}},
+Pages = {{193-228}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{This contribution provides an improvement on GTN model upon the
+ prediction of fracture location within low level of stress triaxiality.
+ In the proposition, two distinct damage parameters are introduced as
+ internal variables of the degradation process and an effective damage is
+ calculated as a sum of both contributions in the post-processed step. In
+ the beginning, the volume void fraction, based on conservation mass law,
+ is assumed as the first damage parameter, similar to Gurson's original
+ model. This volumetric damage contribution is able to capture spherical
+ void growth, which plays the main role in tensile loading condition. The
+ second damage parameter is proposed as a new shear mechanism, based on
+ geometrical and phenomenological aspects and is also a function of the
+ equivalent plastic strain, Lode angle and stress triaxiality. The shear
+ damage parameter is formulated independent of the volume void fraction
+ and requires a new nucleation of micro-defects mechanism to trigger the
+ shear growth contribution, and hence is able to capture elongated (and
+ rotation) void growth which is present in simple shear and combined
+ shear/tensile or shear/compression loading conditions. Furthermore, the
+ first and the second damage parameters are coupled in the yield function
+ in order to affect the hydrostatic stress and deviatoric stress
+ contributions, separately. In the first part of this paper, a review of
+ Gurson's model and its most famous version as GTN's model is done. After
+ that, the new contribution is presented and an implicit numerical
+ integration algorithm is determined, based on the operator split
+ methodology. The calibration strategy is discussed for determination of
+ material parameters. Numerical tests are performed for a butterfly
+ specimen using two types of materials (aluminum alloy 2024-T351 and
+ steel 1045) under ranges of stress triaxiality between-1/3 < eta < 1/3
+ (shear/compression or shear/tensile). At the end, the behavior of
+ internal variables is analyzed, such as: evolution of both damage
+ parameters, evolution of the equivalent plastic strain, the reaction
+ curve and the contour of the effective damage parameter. The results
+ obtained are compared with experimental data and have shown that the
+ present formulation performs well in the prediction of the fracture
+ location and determination of the correct level of equivalent plastic
+ strain at fracture under predominant shear loading condition. (C) 2013
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Malcher, L (Reprint Author), Univ Brasilia, Fac Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
+ Malcher, L., Univ Brasilia, Fac Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
+ Andrade Pires, F. M.; Cesar de Sa, J. M. A., Univ Porto, Fac Engn, IDMEC Inst Mech Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.08.015}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{Ductile fracture; Volume void growth; Shear mechanism; Lode angle;
+ Stress triaxiality}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; CRACK-GROWTH; VOID
+ GROWTH; RUPTURE MECHANISMS; COMBINED TENSION; LODE PARAMETER; GURSON
+ MODEL; STRAIN; SHEAR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{malcher@unb.br}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Malcher, Lucival/F-8445-2013
+ Andrade Pires, Francisco/J-8105-2015
+ Cesar de Sa, Jose/A-3826-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Andrade Pires, Francisco/0000-0002-4802-6360
+ Cesar de Sa, Jose/0000-0002-1257-1754}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT)
+ {[}SFRH/BD/45456/2008, PTDC/EME-TME/71325/2006]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Supported by Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), under
+ scholarship no. SFRH/BD/45456/2008 and under Grant no.
+ PTDC/EME-TME/71325/2006.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{63}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AB3AY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000331664900011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000337999400011,
+Author = {Shojaei, Amir and Taleghani, Arash Dahi and Li, Guoqiang},
+Title = {{A continuum damage failure model for hydraulic fracturing of porous
+ rocks}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{59}},
+Pages = {{199-212}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based constitutive model has been
+ developed to describe elastic, plastic and damage behavior of porous
+ rocks. The pressure sensitive inelastic deformation of porous rocks
+ together with their damage mechanisms are studied for drained and
+ undrained conditions. Fracture mechanics of microcrack and micro-void
+ nucleation and their coalescence are incorporated into the formulation
+ of the CDM models to accurately capture different failure modes of
+ rocks. A fracture mechanics based failure criterion is also incorporated
+ to accurately capture the post fracture crack advances in the case of
+ progressive failures. The performance of the developed elastoplastic and
+ CDM models are compared with the available experimental data and then
+ the models are introduced into a commercial software package through
+ user-defined subroutines. The hydraulic fractures growth in a reservoir
+ rock is then investigated; in which the effect of injection pressure is
+ studied and the simulations are compared with the available solutions in
+ the literature. The developed CDM model outperforms the traditional
+ fracture mechanics approaches by removing stress singularities at the
+ fracture tips and simulation of progressive fractures without any
+ essential need for remeshing. This model would provide a robust tool for
+ modeling hydraulic fracture growth using conventional elements of FEA
+ with a computational cost less than similar computational techniques
+ like cohesive element methods. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shojaei, A (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Shojaei, Amir; Li, Guoqiang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Shojaei, Amir; Taleghani, Arash Dahi, Louisiana State Univ, Craft \& Hawkins Dept Petr Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Li, Guoqiang, Southern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.03.003}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{Poroelasticity; Rock Mechanics; Hydraulic fracturing; Rock continuum
+ damage mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ANISOTROPIC POROELASTICITY; CONFINING PRESSURE; STRESS TRIAXIALITY;
+ GRANULAR-MATERIALS; BRITTLE MATERIALS; BEREA SANDSTONE; DUCTILE DAMAGE;
+ BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION; MEDIA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{ashoja1@lsu.edu
+ a\_dahi@lsu.edu
+ lguoqi1@lsu.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NASA {[}NNX11AM17A]; Louisiana Board of Regents {[}NNX11AM17A]; NSF
+ {[}CMMI0900064]; Army Research Office {[}W911NF-13-1-0145]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This investigation was partially supported by Cooperative Agreement
+ NNX11AM17A between NASA and the Louisiana Board of Regents under
+ contract NASA/LEQSF (2011-14)-Phase3-05. This study was also partially
+ supported by the NSF under Grant number CMMI0900064 and Army Research
+ Office under Grant number W911NF-13-1-0145. ADT also acknowledges the
+ financial supports from Shell Co. during conducting this research.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{75}},
+Times-Cited = {{30}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{63}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AJ9AO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000337999400011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000341620300037,
+Author = {Capar, Ismail Davut and Arslan, Hakan and Akcay, Merve and Uysal, Banu},
+Title = {{Effects of ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and HyFlex Instruments on
+ Crack Formation in Dentin}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{9}},
+Pages = {{1482-1484}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the
+ incidence of cracks in root dentin after root canal preparation with
+ ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), HyFlex
+ (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland), and ProTaper Universal
+ (Dentsply Maillefer) rotary instruments. Methods: One-hundred mandibular
+ premolars were selected. Twenty-five teeth were left unprepared and
+ served as a negative control; another 25 teeth were in-strumented with
+ the ProTaper Universal system up to size F4 as a positive control, and
+ the remaining 50 teeth were shaped with the following experimental
+ groups with an apical size 40 file: ProTaper Next X4 and HyFlex 40/0.4.
+ After root canal preparation, all of the roots were sectioned
+ perpendicular to the long axis at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex, and
+ the sections were then observed under a stereomicroscope. The
+ absence/presence of cracks was recorded, and the data were analyzed with
+ a chi-square test. The significance level was set at P = .05. Results:
+ No cracks were observed in the negative control group. Vertical root
+ fractures were not observed in any of the groups. The ProTaper Next and
+ HyFlex instruments caused fewer cracks (28\%) than the ProTaper
+ Universal instrument (56\%) (P < .05). However, there were no
+ significant differences in crack formation between the ProTaper Next and
+ HyFlex groups (P > .05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in
+ vitro study, all of the instrumentation systems used in this study
+ created cracks in the root dentin. The ProTaper Next and HyFlex
+ instruments tended to cause fewer dentinal cracks compared with the
+ ProTaper Universal instrument.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}},
+Address = {{360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Capar, ID (Reprint Author), Izmir Katip Celebi Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Endodont, TR-35620 Izmir, Turkey.
+ Capar, Ismail Davut; Uysal, Banu, Izmir Katip Celebi Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Endodont, TR-35620 Izmir, Turkey.
+ Akcay, Merve, Izmir Katip Celebi Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Pedodont, TR-35620 Izmir, Turkey.
+ Arslan, Hakan, Ataturk Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Endodont, Erzurum, Turkey.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.026}},
+ISSN = {{0099-2399}},
+EISSN = {{1878-3554}},
+Keywords = {{Cracks; controlled memory; dentinal damage; ProTaper Next; ProTaper
+ Universal; root canal instrumentation; root fracture; rotary
+ nickel-titanium instruments}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NITI ROTARY INSTRUMENTS; SELF-ADJUSTING FILE; CANAL PREPARATION;
+ DEFECTS; HAND}},
+Research-Areas = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Author-Email = {{capardt@hotmail.com}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{capar, ismail davut/0000-0002-8729-8983}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{28}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Endod.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AO8QW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000341620300037}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000337010800011,
+Author = {Martins, P. A. F. and Bay, N. and Tekkaya, A. E. and Atkins, A. G.},
+Title = {{Characterization of fracture loci in metal forming}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{83}},
+Pages = {{112-123}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Fracture in metal forming can occur in three different modes: (i)
+ tensile; (ii) in-plane shear; and (iii) out-of-plane shear (respectively
+ the same as modes 1, II and III of fracture mechanics). The
+ circumstances under which each mode will occur are identified in terms
+ of plastic flow and microstructural ductile damage by means of an
+ analytical framework to characterize fracture loci under plane stress
+ conditions that also takes anisotropy into consideration.
+ Experimental results retrieved from the literature give support to the
+ presentation and show that plastic flow and failure in sheet forming
+ results from competition between modes I and II whereas in bulk forming
+ fracture results from competition between modes I and III. (C) 2014
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Martins, PAF (Reprint Author), Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal.
+ Martins, P. A. F., Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal.
+ Bay, N., Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Tekkaya, A. E., Tech Univ Dortmund, Inst Forming Technol \& Lightweight Construct, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
+ Atkins, A. G., Univ Reading, Dept Engn, Reading RG6 6AY, Berks, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2014.04.003}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7403}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2162}},
+Keywords = {{Fracture forming limit diagram; Fracture loci; Crack separation modes;
+ Sheet metal forming; Bulk metal forming}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRITERION; WORKABILITY; PREDICTION; FAILURE; GROWTH; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{pmartins@ist.utl.pt}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Martins, Paulo/D-9914-2012
+ Tekkaya, A. Erman/K-8512-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Martins, Paulo/0000-0002-2630-4593
+ Tekkaya, A. Erman/0000-0002-5197-2948}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Velux Foundation; German Research Foundation (DFG) {[}SFB/TR 73]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Paulo Martins would like to acknowledge the financial support provided
+ by the Velux Foundation during his sabbatical license at the Danish
+ Technical University and by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under
+ research project SFB/TR 73 during his sabbatical license at the
+ Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Construction of the
+ Technical University of Dortmund.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mech. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AI6TV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000337010800011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000331939600006,
+Author = {Bourdin, Blaise and Marigo, Jean-Jacques and Maurini, Corrado and
+ Sicsic, Paul},
+Title = {{Morphogenesis and Propagation of Complex Cracks Induced by Thermal
+ Shocks}},
+Journal = {{PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{112}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Month = {{JAN 10}},
+Abstract = {{We study the genesis and the selective propagation of complex crack
+ networks induced by thermal shock or drying of brittle materials. We use
+ a quasistatic gradient damage model to perform large-scale numerical
+ simulations showing that the propagation of fully developed cracks
+ follows Griffith criterion and depends only on the fracture toughness,
+ while crack morphogenesis is driven by the material's internal length.
+ Our numerical simulations feature networks of parallel cracks and
+ selective arrest in two dimensions and hexagonal columnar joints in
+ three dimensions, without any hypotheses on cracks geometry, and are in
+ good agreement with available experimental results.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER PHYSICAL SOC}},
+Address = {{ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bourdin, B (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Math, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Bourdin, Blaise, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Math, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Bourdin, Blaise, Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat \& Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Marigo, Jean-Jacques; Sicsic, Paul, Ecole Polytech, Lab Mecan Solides, CNRS, UMR 7649, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
+ Maurini, Corrado, Univ Paris 06, Inst Jean Le Rond dAlembert, CNRS, UMR 7190, F-75252 Paris, France.
+ Maurini, Corrado, CNRS, Inst Jean Le Rond dAlembert, UMR 7190, F-75252 Paris, France.
+ Sicsic, Paul, Lafarge Ctr Rech, F-38290 St Quentin Fallavier, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.014301}},
+Article-Number = {{014301}},
+ISSN = {{0031-9007}},
+EISSN = {{1079-7114}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{BRITTLE-FRACTURE; MECHANISM; PATTERNS; MODELS; DAMAGE; LAWS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Multidisciplinary}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Maurini, Corrado/G-6110-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Maurini, Corrado/0000-0003-1092-4461
+ Marigo, Jean-Jacques/0000-0001-7949-5031
+ Bourdin, Blaise/0000-0002-1312-9175}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation {[}DMS-0909267, OCI-1053575, TG-DMS060014];
+ ANR program T-Shock OTP {[}J11R087]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors wish to thank Yingfeng Shao for providing the experimental
+ data used in Fig. 1. The work of B. B. was supported in part by the
+ National Science Foundation Grant No. DMS-0909267. Some numerical
+ experiments were performed using resources of the Extreme Science and
+ Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by
+ National Science Foundation Grant No. OCI-1053575 under the Resource
+ Allocation TG-DMS060014. J.-J. M. and C. M. gratefully acknowledge the
+ funding of the ANR program T-Shock OTP J11R087.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{27}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Phys. Rev. Lett.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AB6ZR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000331939600006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000341550700014,
+Author = {Amacher, R. and Cugnoni, J. and Botsis, J. and Sorensen, L. and Smith,
+ W. and Dransfeld, C.},
+Title = {{Thin ply composites: Experimental characterization and modeling of
+ size-effects}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{101}},
+Pages = {{121-132}},
+Month = {{SEP 12}},
+Abstract = {{Thin-ply composites are rapidly gaining interest in the composite
+ industry, not only because of the larger design possibilities that they
+ offer, but also because of positive size effects that have been shown to
+ improve performance in various loading conditions {[}1]. In this work,
+ carbon fiber-epoxy composites of different ply thicknesses (30-300
+ g/m(2) fiber areal weight) were produced from the same batch of Toray
+ M40JB fiber and NorthTPT TP80ep matrix to study the influence of ply
+ thickness on the ultimate strength and on the onset of damage in lamina,
+ laminates and components. Uniaxial tension, open-hole compression and
+ open-hole tensile fatigue tests on quasi isotropic {[}45 degrees/90
+ degrees/-45 degrees/0 degrees](ns) laminates showed very significant
+ improvements regarding the on-set of damage, and in some cases ultimate
+ strength, when decreasing the ply thickness. These performance
+ improvements are the result of major changes in the damage progression
+ and failure modes of the laminates caused by a systematic delay or near
+ suppression of transverse cracking and delamination growth in thin-ply
+ composites. On the component level, thin-ply laminates enabled a marked
+ improvement for bolted-joint bearing, especially in hot-wet conditions.
+ Under impact, the 30 mu m thin ply laminate exhibited a quasi-brittle
+ failure with extensive translaminar cracking while a ply thickness of
+ 100 mu m was found as optimum to minimize the projected damage area. Ply
+ thickness scaling of transverse and in-plane shear strength was
+ identified based on classical laminate theory and unnotched tensile
+ tests on quasi-isotropic specimens. The empirical scaling was found to
+ follow a linear trend over a range of ply thicknesses from 30 to 250 mu
+ m. Due to the near suppression of delamination, the strength of thin-ply
+ composites could then be modeled more effectively than thick ply
+ composites using classical laminate theory or standard multilayer shell
+ modeling. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cugnoni, J (Reprint Author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Appl Mech \& Reliabil Anal, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
+ Amacher, R.; Cugnoni, J.; Botsis, J., Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Appl Mech \& Reliabil Anal, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
+ Sorensen, L., Ruag Aerostruct, Emmenbrucke, Switzerland.
+ Smith, W., North TPT, Penthalaz, Switzerland.
+ Dransfeld, C., Univ Appl Sci \& Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Inst Polymer Engn, Windisch, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.06.027}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1050}},
+Keywords = {{Size-effects; Laminate; Strength; Fatigue; Impact behavior}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; NOTCHED COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{joel.cugnoni@epfl.ch}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Cugnoni, Joel/E-7838-2011
+ Dransfeld, Clemens/G-6560-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Cugnoni, Joel/0000-0003-3656-9146
+ Dransfeld, Clemens/0000-0003-2912-7534}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation CTI project {[}127795.1]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is sponsored by Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation
+ CTI project 127795.1 PFIW-IW in partnership with North-TPT, RUAG AG,
+ Connova AG and IKT-FHNW. The authors wish to thank Professor J.P.
+ Reymondin of HEIG-VD for his technical assistance with the C-scan
+ analysis, and M. Thomas Crevoisier for his contribution on impact tests.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{52}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AO7RQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000341550700014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000340689000010,
+Author = {Esmaeilzare, A. and Rahimi, A. and Rezaei, S. M.},
+Title = {{Investigation of subsurface damages and surface roughness in grinding
+ process of Zerodur (R) glass-ceramic}},
+Journal = {{APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{313}},
+Pages = {{67-75}},
+Month = {{SEP 15}},
+Abstract = {{Subsurface damages and surface roughness are the two significant
+ parameters which determine the efficiency of optical components. In this
+ study, a cup diamond wheel is used in grinding process of the specimens
+ made of Zerodur (R) glass-ceramic, to investigate the influences of
+ grinding parameters on the SSD and SR. The grinding parameters used in
+ this study are depth of cut, cutting speed and feed rate; and effects of
+ these parameters are studied. The experimental results are compared with
+ the modified model of Lambropoulos, proposed by Li, and a good
+ accordance is observed between them. Two measuring techniques were used
+ to study the SSD. Cross-sectional polishing method and angle polishing
+ method; the first one, suitable for studying the material removal
+ mechanism and the other one convenient for examining the depth of
+ subsurface damages and distribution of micro-cracks in the ground
+ surface, respectively. A novel technique is introduced to measure the
+ cracks length in which the sum of all cracks in a specific area of a SEM
+ micrograph is calculated by image processing method and regarded as a
+ factor to study the cracks length. Also, a statistical model is
+ developed in order to predict the surface roughness and a good agreement
+ is observed between the experimental results and the predicted values.
+ (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Rahimi, A (Reprint Author), Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran 158754413, Iran.
+ Esmaeilzare, A.; Rahimi, A.; Rezaei, S. M., Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Tehran 158754413, Iran.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.137}},
+ISSN = {{0169-4332}},
+EISSN = {{1873-5584}},
+Keywords = {{Grinding; Subsurface damages; Surface roughness; Zerodur (R)
+ glass-ceramic; Cup diamond wheel}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATERIAL REMOVAL MECHANISMS; SILICON-WAFERS; FUSED-SILICA}},
+Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings \& Films; Physics,
+ Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter}},
+Author-Email = {{rahimi@aut.ac.ir}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{55}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Appl. Surf. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AN6EZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000340689000010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000340594600001,
+Author = {Hall, James S. and Fromme, Paul and Michaels, Jennifer E.},
+Title = {{Guided Wave Damage Characterization via Minimum Variance Imaging with a
+ Distributed Array of Ultrasonic Sensors}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{299-308}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Guided wave imaging with a distributed array of inexpensive transducers
+ offers a fast and cost-efficient means for damage detection and
+ localization in plate-like structures such as aircraft and spacecraft
+ skins. As such, this technology is a natural choice for inclusion in
+ condition-based maintenance and integrated structural health management
+ programs. One of the implementation challenges results from the complex
+ interaction of propagating ultrasonic waves with both the interrogation
+ structure and potential defects or damage. For example, a guided
+ ultrasonic wave interacts with a surface or sub-surface defect
+ differently depending on the angle of incidence, defect size and
+ orientation, excitation frequency, and guided wave mode. However, this
+ complex interaction also provides a mechanism for guided wave imaging
+ algorithms to perform damage characterization in addition to damage
+ detection and localization. Damage characterization provides a mechanism
+ to help discriminate actual damage (e.g. fatigue cracks) from benign
+ changes, and can be used with crack propagation models to estimate
+ remaining life. This work proposes the use of minimum variance imaging
+ to perform damage detection, localization, and characterization.
+ Scattering assumptions used to perform damage characterization are
+ obtained through both analytical and finite element models. Experimental
+ data from an in situ distributed array are used to demonstrate
+ feasibility of this approach using a through-hole and two
+ through-thickness notches of different orientations to simulate damage
+ in an aluminum plate.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Michaels, JE (Reprint Author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Hall, James S., Hidden Solut LLC, Kissimmee, FL USA.
+ Fromme, Paul, UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London, England.
+ Michaels, Jennifer E., Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10921-013-0212-x}},
+ISSN = {{0195-9298}},
+EISSN = {{1573-4862}},
+Keywords = {{Lamb waves; Structural health monitoring; Nondestructive evaluation;
+ Minimum variance; MVDR; Scattering}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-FREQUENCY REFLECTION; THROUGH-THICKNESS HOLE; LAMB WAVE; SCATTERING;
+ PLATE; CRACKS; LOCALIZATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{jemichaels@gatech.edu}},
+Author-Name={{Jennifer E. Michaels}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NASA Graduate Student Research Program {[}NNX08AY93H]; Air Force Office
+ of Scientific Research {[}FA9550-08-1-0241]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the NASA Graduate Student Research Program,
+ Grant No. NNX08AY93H (first author), and the Air Force Office of
+ Scientific Research, Grant No. FA9550-08-1-0241 (third author).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{25}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Nondestruct. Eval.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AN4YA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000340594600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000336950300009,
+Author = {Hojjati-Talemi, Reza and Wahab, Magd Abdel and De Pauw, Jan and De
+ Baets, Patrick},
+Title = {{Prediction of fretting fatigue crack initiation and propagation lifetime
+ for cylindrical contact configuration}},
+Journal = {{TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{76}},
+Number = {{SI}},
+Pages = {{73-91}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Note = {{7th International Symposium on Fretting Fatigue (ISFF), Univ Oxford,
+ ChristChurch, Oxford, ENGLAND, APR 08-11, 2013}},
+Abstract = {{A fretting fatigue failure scenario can be explained by accumulation of
+ damage, which leads to formation of initial macro-cracks at the contact
+ interface and propagation of macro-cracks to sudden rupture of bulk
+ material. The main aim of this study is estimating these two portions by
+ means of a numerical modelling approach. For this purpose, an uncoupled
+ damage model based on a thermodynamic potential function is used to
+ model the crack initiation lifetime. In order to model crack propagation
+ part a linear-elastic fracture mechanics approach under mixed-mode
+ loading conditions has been considered. The crack propagation direction
+ is defined based on experimental observation and compared with some
+ available criteria in the literature, which are usually used for
+ proportional loading conditions. The estimated results are compared with
+ observed experimental lifetime and show good agreement. (C) 2014
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hojjati-Talemi, R (Reprint Author), Univ Ghent, Fac Engn \& Architecture, Dept Mech Construct \& Production, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Hojjati-Talemi, Reza; Wahab, Magd Abdel; De Pauw, Jan; De Baets, Patrick, Univ Ghent, Fac Engn \& Architecture, Dept Mech Construct \& Production, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.triboint.2014.02.017}},
+ISSN = {{0301-679X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2464}},
+Keywords = {{Fretting fatigue; Damage mechanics; Crack initiation; Crack propagation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE MECHANICS; FRACTURE; PLASTICITY; SLIP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{Reza.HojjatiTalemi@UGent.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/K-4296-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/0000-0002-3610-865X}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{50}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Tribol. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AI5ZT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000336950300009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000329130100005,
+Author = {Hong, Ming and Su, Zhongqing and Wang, Qiang and Cheng, Li and Qing,
+ Xinlin},
+Title = {{Modeling nonlinearities of ultrasonic waves for fatigue damage
+ characterization: Theory, simulation, and experimental validation}},
+Journal = {{ULTRASONICS}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{54}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{770-778}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{A dedicated modeling technique for comprehending nonlinear
+ characteristics of ultrasonic waves traversing in a fatigued medium was
+ developed, based on a retrofitted constitutive relation of the medium by
+ considering the nonlinearities originated from material, fatigue damage,
+ as well as the ``breathing'' motion of fatigue cracks. Piezoelectric
+ wafers, for exciting and acquiring ultrasonic waves, were integrated in
+ the model. The extracted nonlinearities were calibrated by virtue of an
+ acoustic nonlinearity parameter. The modeling technique was validated
+ experimentally, and the results showed satisfactory consistency in
+ between, both revealing: the developed modeling approach is able to
+ faithfully simulate fatigue crack-incurred nonlinearities manifested in
+ ultrasonic waves; a cumulative growth of the acoustic nonlinearity
+ parameter with increasing wave propagation distance exists; such a
+ parameter acquired via a sensing path is nonlinearly related to the
+ offset distance from the fatigue crack to that sensing path; and neither
+ the incidence angle of the probing wave nor the length of the sensing
+ path impacts on the parameter significantly. This study has yielded a
+ quantitative characterization strategy for fatigue cracks using
+ embeddable piezoelectric sensor networks, facilitating deployment of
+ structural health monitoring which is capable of identifying small-scale
+ damage at an embryo stage and surveilling its growth continuously. (C)
+ 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Su, ZQ (Reprint Author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Hong, Ming; Su, Zhongqing; Cheng, Li, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Shenzhen Res Inst, Shenzhen 518057, Peoples R China.
+ Hong, Ming; Su, Zhongqing; Cheng, Li, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
+ Wang, Qiang, Nanjing Univ Posts \& Telecommun, Coll Automat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
+ Qing, Xinlin, Beijing Aeronaut Sci \& Technol Res Inst COMAC, Div Aviat Hlth \& Safety Management, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ultras.2013.09.023}},
+ISSN = {{0041-624X}},
+EISSN = {{1874-9968}},
+Keywords = {{Modeling; Fatigue crack characterization; Nonlinearity of ultrasonic
+ waves; Lamb waves; Structural health monitoring}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HARMONIC-GENERATION; STRUCTURAL DAMAGE; PLATES; IDENTIFICATION;
+ LOCALIZATION; PROPAGATION; PLASTICITY; METALS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine \& Medical Imaging}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine \& Medical Imaging}},
+Author-Email = {{MMSU@polyu.edu.hk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{SU, Zhongqing/G-9560-2015
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hong, Ming/0000-0002-4404-0704}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51375414, 11272272,
+ 11202107]; Hong Kong Research Grants Council via a General Research Fund
+ (GRF) {[}523313]; Doctoral Program of Higher Education
+ {[}20113223120008]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher
+ Education Institutions of China {[}11KJB130002]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China (Grant Nos. 51375414, 11272272 and 11202107). This project is also
+ supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council via a General
+ Research Fund (GRF) (No. 523313). Qiang Wang is grateful for the
+ Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20113223120008) and
+ Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of
+ China (Grant No. 11KJB130002).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{52}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Ultrasonics}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{281VW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000329130100005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000333390000012,
+Author = {Mehmanparast, A. and Davies, C. M. and Webster, G. A. and Nikbin, K. M.},
+Title = {{Creep crack growth rate predictions in 316H steel using stress dependent
+ creep ductility}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{31}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{84-94}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Short and long term trends in creep crack growth (CCG) rate data over
+ test times of 500-30 000 h are available for Austenitic Type 316H
+ stainless steel at 550 degrees C using compact tension, C(T), specimens.
+ The relationship between CCG rate and its dependence on creep ductility,
+ strain rate and plastic strain levels has been examined. Uniaxial creep
+ data from a number of batches of 316H stainless steel, over the
+ temperature range 550-750 degrees C, have been collected and analysed.
+ Power-law correlations have been determined between the creep ductility,
+ creep rupture times and average creep strain rate data with stress sigma
+ normalised by flow stress sigma(0.2) over the range
+ 0.2= 1/4 all fail by ductile fracture, those with R=1/6 fail
+ by either ductile fracture or mixed ductile and brittle fractures, and
+ for joints with R=1/12, brittle fracture is dominant. Furthermore,
+ results obtained have also shown that the crack growth driving forces,
+ K-I and K-II as well as the strain energy release rate, G(I), in the
+ Ni3Sn4 layer and at the Ni3Sn4/Ni interface, increase significantly with
+ decreasing R. Hence, under tensile loading the fracture mode of solder
+ joints changes from ductile to brittle as R is decreased. (C) 2014
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, XP (Reprint Author), S China Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci \& Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
+ Qin, H. B.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhou, M. B.; Zeng, J. B., S China Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci \& Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
+ Mai, Y. -W., Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mechatron Engn, CAMT, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2014.08.008}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{Lead-free solder joint; Size effect; Mechanical constraint; Fracture
+ behavior; Finite element analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NI3SN4 INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; LEAD-TIN ALLOYS; PB-FREE SOLDER;
+ INTERFACIAL REACTION; CU METALLIZATION; STRAIN-RATE; SHEAR TEST;
+ NANOINDENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{mexzhang@scut.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51275178]; Research Fund for
+ Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China {[}20110172110003];
+ Fundamental Research Fund for Central Universities {[}SCUT-2013ZM0026]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was performed in collaboration with the Center for Advanced
+ Materials Technology, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Australia,
+ in the thematic area of ``Fracture Behavior and Reliability of
+ Micro-scale Interconnects in Advanced Electronic Packages{''}. We thank
+ the support by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no.
+ 51275178, Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of
+ China under Grant no. 20110172110003, and Fundamental Research Fund for
+ Central Universities (SCUT-2013ZM0026).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AR8TA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000343846000003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000342247500047,
+Author = {Li Longbiao},
+Title = {{Modeling fatigue hysteresis behavior of unidirectional C/SiC
+ ceramic-matrix composite}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Pages = {{466-474}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, the fatigue hysteresis behavior of unidirectional C/SiC
+ ceramic-matrix composite at room and elevated temperatures in air
+ atmosphere has been investigated. The fatigue hysteresis modulus and
+ fatigue hysteresis loss energy corresponding to different cycles have
+ been analyzed. An approach to model fatigue hysteresis loops of
+ unidirectional ceramic composites considering fiber failure has been
+ developed. Based on the damage mechanism of fiber slipping relative to
+ matrix under fatigue loading, the unloading interface counter-slip
+ length and reloading interface new slip length are determined by
+ fracture mechanics approach. The interface shear stress and broken
+ fibers fraction corresponding to different cycles are obtained through
+ comparing the experimental fatigue hysteresis loss energy with
+ theoretical computational value considering fiber failure. The fatigue
+ hysteresis loops of unidirectional C/SiC composite have been predicted
+ for different number of cycles. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, LB (Reprint Author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, 29 Yudao St, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
+ Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.06.014}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1069}},
+Keywords = {{Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Fatigue; Debonding}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL HYSTERESIS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES;
+ ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCY; CRACKING; SHEAR; DAMAGE; LOOPS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{llb451@nuaa.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China {[}2012M511274]; Introduction
+ of Talents Scientific Research Foundation of NUAA {[}56YAH12034]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
+ (Grant No. 2012M511274) and the Introduction of Talents Scientific
+ Research Foundation of NUAA (Grant No. 56YAH12034). The author would
+ also thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their valuable
+ comments.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AP7HD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342247500047}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000343097600008,
+Author = {Chen, Yifeng and Hu, Shaohua and Wei, Kai and Hu, Ran and Zhou,
+ Chuangbing and Jing, Lanru},
+Title = {{Experimental characterization and micromechanical modeling of
+ damage-induced permeability variation in Beishan granite}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{71}},
+Pages = {{64-76}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Triaxial compression tests with measurements of permeability were
+ performed on core granite samples taken at 450-550 m depth from the
+ Beishan area in Gansu Province, a potential site for China's high-level
+ radioactive waste (HLW) disposal. Corresponding to the distinct features
+ in the stress-strain behaviors, the permeability of the Beishan granite
+ was found to evolve with a clear permeability decrease in the initial
+ microcrack closure region, a constant permeability value in the elastic
+ region and a dramatic permeability increase in the crack growth region.
+ The permeability increases by up to and over two orders of magnitude as
+ deviatoric stress increases up to sample failure; but at a given
+ deviatoric stress, the permeability reduces remarkably with the increase
+ of confining pressure. An empirical upper bound permeability model was
+ presented by relating the mechanisms involved in the microstructure
+ alteration to the permeability change, and the experimental results were
+ well simulated by the proposed model. Combined with field geological
+ characterization and numerical simulation, the implications of the
+ experimental results for China's HLW disposal were discussed. (C) 2014
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chen, YF (Reprint Author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources \& Hydropower Engn S, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
+ Chen, Yifeng; Hu, Shaohua; Wei, Kai; Hu, Ran; Zhou, Chuangbing, Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources \& Hydropower Engn S, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
+ Chen, Yifeng; Hu, Shaohua; Wei, Kai; Hu, Ran; Zhou, Chuangbing, Wuhan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Rock Mech Hydraul Struct, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
+ Jing, Lanru, Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmms.2014.07.002}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4545}},
+Keywords = {{Permeability; Damage; Microcracks; Micromechanics; Beishan granite}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; BRITTLE ROCKS; STRESS; PRESSURE; EVOLUTION; SIZE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{csyfchen@whu.edu.cn
+ lanru@kth.se}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhou, Chuangbing/A-6964-2015
+ Zhou, Chuang-Bing/B-4254-2017
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhou, Chuangbing/0000-0002-0114-735X
+ Chen, Yifeng/0000-0001-9104-4401}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51179136, 51222903]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their
+ valuable comments and constructive suggestions in improving this study,
+ and Prof. J. Wang from Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology for
+ his help in collecting the granite samples in this study. The financial
+ supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.
+ 51179136 and 51222903) are gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ8RE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000343097600008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000344003800002,
+Author = {Torok, Matthew M. and Golparvar-Fard, Mani and Kochersberger, Kevin B.},
+Title = {{Image-Based Automated 3D Crack Detection for Post-disaster Building
+ Assessment}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{28}},
+Number = {{5, SI}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{Natural disasters all too often place human lives and property at risk.
+ Recovery efforts following a disaster can be slow and painstaking work,
+ and potentially put responders in harm's way. A system which helps
+ identify defects in critical building elements (e.g., concrete columns)
+ before responders must enter a structure could save lives. In this paper
+ we propose such a system, centered around an imagebased
+ three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method and a new 3D crack
+ detection algorithm. The image-based method is capable of detecting and
+ analyzing surface damages in 3D. We also demonstrate how a robotic
+ platform could be used to gather the set of images from which the
+ reconstruction is created, further reducing the risk to responders. In
+ this regard, image-based 3D reconstructions represent a convenient
+ method of creating 3D models because most robotic platforms can carry a
+ lightweight camera payload. Additionally, the proposed 3D crack
+ detection algorithm also provides the advantage of being able to operate
+ on 3D mesh models regardless of their data collection source. Our
+ experimental results showed that the 3D crack detection algorithm
+ performed well on several sample building elements, successfully
+ identifying cracks, reconstructing 3D profiles, and measuring
+ geometrical characteristics on damaged elements and not finding any
+ cracks on intact ones. The operation and perceived benefits of the
+ proposed method in a post-disaster situation are also discussed in
+ detail. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.}},
+Publisher = {{ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS}},
+Address = {{1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Torok, MM (Reprint Author), Southwest Res Inst, 201 Randolph Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
+ Torok, Matthew M., Southwest Res Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
+ Golparvar-Fard, Mani, Univ Illinois, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Kochersberger, Kevin B., Virginia Tech, Unmanned Syst Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000334}},
+Article-Number = {{A4014004}},
+ISSN = {{0887-3801}},
+EISSN = {{1943-5487}},
+Keywords = {{Building; Crack detection; Three-dimensional (3D); Image-based; 3D
+ reconstruction; Robotics; Disaster response; Assessment; Element;
+ Automated}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SYSTEM; VISION; ROBOT; RECOVERY; RESCUE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Computer Science; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{mtorok@vt.edu
+ mgolpar@illinois.edu
+ kbk@vt.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Comput. Civil. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AS0YY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000344003800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000332812200001,
+Author = {Rousselier, Gilles and Luo, Meng},
+Title = {{A fully coupled void damage and Mohr-Coulomb based ductile fracture
+ model in the framework of a Reduced Texture Methodology}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{55}},
+Pages = {{1-24}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This paper deals with the modeling of ductile fracture in the whole
+ range of stress triaxiality. At high stress triaxiality, a classical
+ void damage based model is used. At low stress triaxiality, the
+ Mohr-Coulomb model at the slip system scale combines the resolved normal
+ and shear stresses for each slip plane and direction. These two models
+ are fully coupled in the framework of classical polycrystalline
+ plasticity. A Reduced Texture Methodology (RTM) is used to provide the
+ computational efficiency needed for numerical applications. The RTM
+ approach involves a significant reduction of the number of
+ representative crystallographic orientations. The model is applied to a
+ 6260 thin-walled aluminum extrusion. With RTM, a special hybrid
+ experimental numerical procedure is used to identify all plasticity
+ parameters (including texture) from mechanical experiments. The fracture
+ parameters are calibrated with fracture experiments on a flat notched
+ tensile specimen and the so-called butterfly shear specimen.
+ Fractographic examinations show a combination of dimples and large
+ smooth areas in the notched specimens (mixed fracture) and flat smooth
+ areas only in the shear specimens. It highlights the need of combined
+ fracture models. With the embedded new fracture model, finite element
+ analyses of the notched specimen can model the through-the-thickness
+ slant fracture propagating from the center towards the edges. Because of
+ the very large strains in the shear specimen tests/analyses, small edge
+ cracks first appear in the tensile areas before main shear cracks
+ initiate and propagate along the width of the specimen. The experimental
+ and numerical results are in good agreement with regard to fracture
+ strains and locations, macroscopic and microscopic features. (C) 2013
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Rousselier, G (Reprint Author), MINES Paris Tech, Ctr Mat, CNRS, UMR 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Rousselier, Gilles, MINES Paris Tech, Ctr Mat, CNRS, UMR 7633, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Luo, Meng, MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Impact \& Crashworthiness Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.09.002}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{Aluminum alloy; Anisotropic material; Edge Cracks; Finite elements;
+ Fracture mechanisms}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ANISOTROPIC ALUMINUM EXTRUSIONS; INCREMENTAL DEFORMATION-THEORY;
+ FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; PART II; STRESS TRIAXIALITY;
+ PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; INELASTIC BEHAVIOR; POROUS MATERIALS; MODIFIED
+ GURSON; LODE PARAMETER}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{gilles.rousselier@mines-paristech.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Luo, Meng/J-3829-2013}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{MIT Industrial Fracture Consortium}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful to Pr. Dirk Mohr from Ecole Polytechnique
+ ParisTech for his support. Volkswagen (Germany) is thanked for providing
+ the extruded aluminum profiles. The partial support of the MIT
+ Industrial Fracture Consortium is also gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{80}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AC8VC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000332812200001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000328006100004,
+Author = {Sweeney, Caoimhe A. and O'Brien, Barry and McHugh, Peter E. and Leen,
+ Sean B.},
+Title = {{Experimental characterisation for micromechanical modelling of CoCr
+ stent fatigue}},
+Journal = {{BIOMATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{35}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{36-48}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Fatigue of CoCr alloy stents has become a major concern in recent times,
+ owing to cases of premature fracture, often driven by microstructural
+ phenomena. This work presents the development of a micromechanical
+ framework for fatigue design, based on experimental characterisation of
+ a biomedical grade CoCr alloy, including both microscopy and mechanical
+ testing. Fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) within the micromechanical
+ framework are calibrated for the prediction of microstructure-sensitive
+ fatigue crack initiation (FCI). A multi-scale CoCr stent model is
+ developed, including a 3D global J(2) continuum stent-artery model and a
+ 2D micromechanical sub-model. Several microstructure realizations for
+ the stent sub-model allow assessment of the effect of crystallographic
+ orientations on stent fatigue crack initiation predictions. Predictions
+ of FCI are compared with traditional Basquin-Goodman total life
+ predictions, revealing more realistic scatter of data for the
+ microstructure-based FIP approach. Comparison of stent predictions with
+ performance of a 316L stent for the same generic design exposes the
+ design as over-conservative for the CoCr alloy. In response, the
+ micromechanical framework is used to modify the stent design for the
+ CoCr alloy, improving design efficiency. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sweeney, CA (Reprint Author), Natl Univ Ireland, Coll Engn \& Informat, Galway, Ireland.
+ Sweeney, Caoimhe A.; O'Brien, Barry; McHugh, Peter E.; Leen, Sean B., Natl Univ Ireland, Coll Engn \& Informat, Galway, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.087}},
+ISSN = {{0142-9612}},
+EISSN = {{1878-5905}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue; Cobalt alloy; Stent; Microstructure; Modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CORONARY STENTS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; CYCLE FATIGUE; CONSTITUTIVE
+ RELATIONS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CRACK INITIATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LIFE
+ PREDICTION; DAMAGE MODEL; DEFORMATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials}},
+Author-Email = {{c.sweeney4@nuigalway.ie}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Leen, Sean/0000-0002-9772-5651}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Irish Research Council under the EMBARK Foundation Scheme; Irish
+ Research Council under the New Foundation Scheme; Irish Centre for
+ High-End Computing (ICHEC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the Irish Research
+ Council under the EMBARK and New Foundations Schemes and the Irish
+ Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) for the provision of computational
+ facilities and support.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{62}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Biomaterials}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{266EL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000328006100004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000342477800005,
+Author = {Maruyama, Ippei and Sasano, Hiroshi and Nishioka, Yukiko and Igarashi,
+ Go},
+Title = {{Strength and Young's modulus change in concrete due to long-term drying
+ and heating up to 90 degrees C}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Pages = {{48-63}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Understanding changes in the strength and Young's modulus of concrete
+ under long-term drying or heating less than or equal to 90 degrees C is
+ crucial for managing the aging of industrial buildings. We collected
+ experimental data on changes in the physical properties of concrete
+ components, aggregates, cement pastes, and concretes containing
+ different aggregates and mortar under different heating and drying
+ conditions. The change in compressive strength of concretes under
+ various drying or heating conditions was explained by the behavior of
+ the cement paste matrix and damage accumulation caused by differences in
+ volume changes between the aggregate and mortar. In contrast, the
+ variation in the Young's modulus of concrete caused by the drying or
+ heating conditions was mainly explained by the increase in the number of
+ voids due to internal cracking in the concrete. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Maruyama, I (Reprint Author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, ES Bldg 546, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.
+ Maruyama, Ippei; Sasano, Hiroshi; Nishioka, Yukiko; Igarashi, Go, Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.07.016}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+EISSN = {{1873-3948}},
+Keywords = {{Long-term performance; Compressive strength; Elastic moduli; Shrinkage;
+ Aggregate}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IMAGE-CORRELATION; CEMENT PASTE; CRYSTAL; INTERFACE; ZONE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ippei@dali.nuac.nagoya-u.acjp
+ go.igarashi@archi.tohoku.ac.jp}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Maruyama, Ippei/0000-0001-7521-3586}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA, Japan); NRA}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work was performed at Nagoya University within the framework of the
+ Japan Ageing Management Program on System Safety project sponsored by
+ the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA, Japan). We thank the NRA for
+ their sponsorship. We also thank Professor Hidekazu Yoshida for
+ analyzing the polar micrograph of aggregates, Mr. Hidekazu Saito for
+ determining the proportion of concretes and aggregates, and Taiheiyo
+ Cement Corporation for providing the cement. We are grateful to
+ Professor Hideo Kasami (Kogakuin University), Dr. Kazuo Yamada (National
+ Institute for Environmental Studies), Dr. Makoto Tanimura (Taiheiyo
+ Cement Corpration), and Dr. Osamu Kontani (Kajima Corporation) for
+ valuable discussions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ0MQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342477800005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000341559400014,
+Author = {Tanguy, Doeme and Wang, Yu and Connetable, Damien},
+Title = {{Stability of vacancy-hydrogen clusters in nickel from first-principles
+ calculations}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{78}},
+Pages = {{135-143}},
+Month = {{OCT 1}},
+Abstract = {{The interactions of hydrogen (H) atoms with vacancies are investigated
+ by means of ab initio calculations. The lowest segregation energies are
+ -0.27 and -0.41 eV at single vacancies and divacancies, respectively.
+ These values are in excellent agreement with those corresponding to the
+ two characteristic peaks of the thermal desorption spectra. The
+ microscopic interpretation of the experimental data is therefore
+ clarified. An energetic model is built from the ab initio data and used
+ to study the influence of H bulk concentration and temperature on the
+ concentration of vacancy-H clusters. Analytical expressions, validated
+ by Monte Carlo simulations, are given. The mean vacancy occupation and
+ the H-induced vacancy enrichment are calculated at two temperatures
+ representative of H embrittlement experiments and stress corrosion
+ cracking at high temperatures. The stability domain of VH6 clusters is
+ found to significantly overlap with the experimental conditions for
+ embrittlement. Therefore, vacancy clustering at high concentrations can
+ be qualitatively discussed based on VH6-VH6 interactions that are found
+ weakly repulsive. Consequences on H damage in Ni are discussed. The
+ effect of metal vibrations on segregation and local hydride stability is
+ qualitatively evaluated by off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations using a
+ semi-empirical Ni H potential. They are shown to shift local hydride
+ stability towards higher H concentrations. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc.
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tanguy, D (Reprint Author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Inst Lumiere Mat, UMR5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Tanguy, Doeme; Wang, Yu, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Inst Lumiere Mat, UMR5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Wang, Yu; Connetable, Damien, Ecole Natl Ingn Arts Chim \& Technol ENSIACET, CIRIMAT, CNRS INP UPS UMR 5085, F-31030 Toulouse 4, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2014.06.021}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{Hydrogen; Ab initio calculations; Monte Carlo simulations; Statistical
+ thermodynamics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{H ALLOYS; LATTICE-DEFECTS; DIFFUSION; METALS; NI; THERMODYNAMICS;
+ CONSEQUENCES; BOUNDARIES; MIGRATION; DEUTERIUM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{dome.tanguy@univ-lyon1.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{, Connetable/0000-0003-3642-780X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under grant EcHyDNA
+ (Blanc) {[}10-19424]; CALMIP (CICT Toulouse, France) {[}2014-p0912,
+ 2014-p0749]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was granted access to the HPC resources of CALMIP (CICT
+ Toulouse, France) under allocations 2014-p0912 and 2014-p0749. The
+ authors acknowledge the support of the French Agence Nationale de la
+ Recherche (ANR), under grant EcHyDNA (Blanc 10-19424). The authors want
+ to thank Jacques Chene (CNRS - CEA Saclay) for fruitful discussions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{54}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AO7UZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000341559400014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000337512900002,
+Author = {Sbarufatti, C. and Manes, A. and Giglio, M.},
+Title = {{Application of sensor technologies for local and distributed structural
+ health monitoring}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL CONTROL \& HEALTH MONITORING}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{21}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{1057-1083}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{The work presented in this paper deals with the application of different
+ sensor technologies for fatigue crack damage monitoring of metallic
+ helicopter fuselages. A test programme has been conducted, consisting of
+ seven fatigue crack propagation tests on aluminium panels (skin with
+ riveted stringers) representative of the rear fuselage of a helicopter.
+ Electrical crack gauges and comparative vacuum monitoring sensors have
+ been used locally to monitor propagating cracks. A network of optical
+ fibre Bragg gratings is presented as a valid possibility for distributed
+ monitoring (based on strain field dependence on damage), alternative to
+ consolidated electrical resistance-based strain gauges. A Smart Layer
+ based on piezoelectric transducers that emit and receive Lamb wave
+ signals has also been analysed in this paper for distributed monitoring.
+ Two damages have been considered: a skin crack artificially initiated on
+ a panel bay and a skin crack propagating from a rivet hole after
+ stringer failure. Damage sensitivity has been evaluated and compared
+ among the considered technologies, thus providing useful recommendations
+ for each considered system, together with advantages and drawbacks
+ concerning their suitability for on-board installation and monitoring.
+ The damage index sensitivity to operative condition, load in particular,
+ is verified and compared with damage effect for distributed networks. A
+ finite element model able to describe any selected feature sensitivity
+ to the monitored damage is also presented as a useful tool for the
+ optimization of the structural health monitoring system design process.
+ Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sbarufatti, C (Reprint Author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Meccan, Via La Masa 1, I-20156 Milan, Italy.
+ Sbarufatti, C.; Manes, A.; Giglio, M., Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Meccan, I-20156 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/stc.1632}},
+ISSN = {{1545-2255}},
+EISSN = {{1545-2263}},
+Keywords = {{comparative vacuum monitoring; crack gauge; fibre Bragg grating; Smart
+ Layer; structural health monitoring; feature extraction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ARTIFICIAL NEURAL ALGORITHM; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION;
+ PART I; DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION; CRACK-PROPAGATION; NOVELTY DETECTION;
+ LAMB WAVES; METHODOLOGY; NETWORK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Instruments \&
+ Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Instruments \&
+ Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{claudio.sbarufatti@mail.polimi.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{MANES, ANDREA/0000-0001-7485-8980}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{33}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Control. Health Monit.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AJ2SR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000337512900002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000336405000028,
+Author = {Liu, Jun Wei and Baek, Dae Kyun and Ko, Tae Jo},
+Title = {{Chipping minimization in drilling ceramic materials with rotary
+ ultrasonic machining}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Number = {{9-12}},
+Pages = {{1527-1535}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Ultrasonic machining (USM) has been considered as a new cutting
+ technology that does not rely on the conductance of the workpiece. USM
+ presents no heating or electrochemical effects, with low surface damage
+ and small residual stresses on workpiece material, such as glass,
+ ceramics, and others; therefore, it is used to drill microholes in
+ brittle materials. However, this process is very slow and tool wear
+ dependent, so the entire process has low efficiency. Therefore, to
+ increase microhole drilling productivity or hole quality, rotary
+ ultrasonic machining (RUM) is considered as a strong alternative to USM.
+ RUM, which presents ultrasonic axial vibration with tool rotation, is an
+ effective solution for improving cutting speed, precision, tool wear,
+ and other machining responses beyond those of the USM. This study aims
+ to reduce the microchipping or cracking at the exit of the hole, which
+ inevitably occurs when brittle materials are drilled, with consideration
+ of tool wear. To this end, response surface analysis and desirability
+ functions are used for experimental optimization. The experimental
+ results showed that the proposed RUM scheme is suitable for microhole
+ drilling.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER LONDON LTD}},
+Address = {{236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ko, TJ (Reprint Author), Yeungnam Univ, Sch Mech Engn, 214-1 Dae Dong, Kyongsan 712749, Kyoungbuk, South Korea.
+ Liu, Jun Wei; Ko, Tae Jo, Yeungnam Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Kyongsan 712749, Kyoungbuk, South Korea.
+ Baek, Dae Kyun, Kyungpook Natl Univ, Inst Mech Engn Technol, Taegu 702701, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00170-014-5766-y}},
+ISSN = {{0268-3768}},
+EISSN = {{1433-3015}},
+Keywords = {{Ultrasonic vibration; Rotary ultrasonic machining; Tool wear; Exit
+ chipping; Response surface analysis; Optimization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATERIAL REMOVAL RATE; DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS; TITANIUM; ALLOYS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Automation \& Control Systems; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Automation \& Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing}},
+Author-Email = {{tjko@yu.ac.kr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ko, Tae Jo/0000-0003-1465-696X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation
+ of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)
+ {[}2011-0013496]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The Basic Science Research Program through the National Research
+ Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science
+ and Technology (MEST) (Grant No. 2011-0013496) supported this work.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{18}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{48}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AH8RD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000336405000028}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000345979300004,
+Author = {Classen, Martin and Hegger, Josef},
+Title = {{Anchoring behavior of composite dowels in slender concrete chords}},
+Journal = {{BAUTECHNIK}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{91}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{869-883}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Usually, lifting and tensile stresses between the steel profile and the
+ concrete slab of steel-concrete composite beams are unplanned and have
+ comparatively small load ordinates compared to the transferred shear
+ forces. That is why, these vertically lifting forces are generally not
+ relevant for the dimensioning of the composite joint. But, this does not
+ apply if shear connectors are systematically used for the anchorage of
+ tensile forces. While the anchorage behavior of conventional shear
+ connectors, like headed studs, is already extensively studied,
+ appropriate investigations on the anchorage behavior of composite dowels
+ are lacking so far, especially for composite dowels in slender and
+ cracked concrete chords. In this paper, the anchorage behavior of an
+ innovative, puzzle-shaped composite dowel is investigated in cracked and
+ uncracked concrete chords. Besides different arrangements of
+ reinforcement, the influence of different longitudinal stress levels in
+ the concrete slab ( tensile stress, compressive stress) is explored, in
+ particular. To this end, own test setups were developed. All tests were
+ recalculated using a three-dimensional, nonlinear finite element model.
+ Finally, an engineering model for the calculation of the load bearing
+ capacity of single composite dowels and composite dowel groups in
+ reinforced and unreinforced concrete is presented.}},
+Publisher = {{ERNST \& SOHN}},
+Address = {{ROTHERSTRASSE 21, BERLIN, DEUTSCHLAND 10245, GERMANY}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{German}},
+Affiliation = {{Classen, M (Reprint Author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Lehrstuhl \& Inst Massivbau, Mies van der Rohe Str 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
+ Classen, Martin; Hegger, Josef, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Lehrstuhl \& Inst Massivbau, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/bate.201400058}},
+ISSN = {{0932-8351}},
+EISSN = {{1437-0999}},
+Keywords = {{composite dowels; anchoring behavior; cracked and uncracked concrete;
+ experimental investigation; numerical simulation; engineering model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOAD-BEARING BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-DAMAGE MODEL; LARGE WEB OPENINGS; FLOOR
+ SYSTEM; SUSTAINABILITY; CONSTRUCTIONS; BEAMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{mclassen@imb.rwth-aachen.de
+ jhegger@imb.rwth-aachen.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Classen, Martin/G-3126-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Classen, Martin/0000-0002-7763-8438}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Bautechnik}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AW0JU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000345979300004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000345111100018,
+Author = {Ma, Yafei and Xiang, Yibing and Wang, Lei and Zhang, Jianren and Liu,
+ Yongming},
+Title = {{Fatigue life prediction for aging RC beams considering corrosive
+ environments}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{79}},
+Pages = {{211-221}},
+Month = {{NOV 15}},
+Abstract = {{A new crack growth-based corrosion fatigue life prediction method for
+ aging reinforced concrete beam is proposed in this paper. The proposed
+ method couples the corrosion growth kinetics and fatigue crack growth
+ kinetics together. The relationship between corrosion damage morphology
+ and corrosion loss is investigated by the experimental results. A
+ phenomenological model is proposed to obtain the stress concentration
+ factor model under different corrosion loss conditions. Following this,
+ the developed model is integrated with an asymptotic method to calculate
+ the stress intensity factor for the crack at corrosion pit roots. The
+ fatigue life is predicted by the integration of the fatigue crack growth
+ rate curve from the equivalent initial flaw size to the critical length.
+ Probabilistic analysis methodology is proposed to consider various
+ sources of uncertainties for the fatigue life prediction. Fatigue life
+ prediction results are validated with experimental observations for
+ various corroded steel bars and beams available in the literatures. (C)
+ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Liu, YM (Reprint Author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport \& Energy, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA.
+ Ma, Yafei; Wang, Lei; Zhang, Jianren, Changsha Univ Sci \& Technol, Sch Civil Engn \& Architecture, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Xiang, Yibing, Univ Massachusetts, Dept Struct, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
+ Liu, Yongming, Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport \& Energy, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.07.039}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7323}},
+Keywords = {{Reinforced concrete; Corrosion fatigue; Fatigue crack growth; EIFS; Life
+ prediction}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED-CONCRETE BEAMS; LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; STEEL BARS; STRUCTURAL
+ RELIABILITY; PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS; STRESS-CONCENTRATION;
+ MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; PITTING CORROSION; BRIDGE BEAMS; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{mayafei@hotmail.com
+ yibingxiang@umass.edu
+ leiwlei@hotmail.com
+ jianrenz@hotmail.com
+ yongming.liu@asu.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) {[}2015CB057700];
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51478050]; National
+ Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province
+ {[}14JJ1022]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors Ma, Wang, and Zhang acknowledge the financial supports from
+ the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No.
+ 2015CB057700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
+ No. 51478050) and the National Science Foundation for Distinguished
+ Young Scholars of Hunan Province (Grant No. 14JJ1022). The supports are
+ gratefully acknowledged. The authors also would like to acknowledge the
+ valuable comments from the anonymous reviewers to improve the quality of
+ the manuscript.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AT7JA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000345111100018}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000342888400030,
+Author = {Arslan, Hakan and Karatas, Ertugrul and Capar, Ismail Davut and Ozsu,
+ Damla and Doganay, Ezgi},
+Title = {{Effect of ProTaper Universal, Endoflare, Revo-S, HyFlex Coronal Flaring
+ Instruments, and Gates Glidden Drills on Crack Formation}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{40}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{1681-1683}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate crack
+ formation after flaring root canals with Gates Glidden drills and
+ ProTaper Universal (SX; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland),
+ Endoflare (MicroMega, Besancon, France), Revo-S (MicroMega), and HyFlex
+ (Coltene-Whaledent, Allsteften, Switzerland) flaring instruments.
+ Methods: One-hundred eight mandibular molars were selected. Eighteen
+ teeth were left unprepared to serve as negative controls; the
+ experimental groups consisted of the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root
+ canals of the remaining 90 teeth, which were instrumented with the
+ following coronal flaring instruments: Gates Glidden drills and ProTaper
+ Universal SX, Endoflare, Revo-S SC1, and HyFlex 25.08 instruments. All
+ roots were then sectioned perpendicular to the long axis at 1, 2, 3, 4,
+ 6, and 8 mm from the cementoenamel junction. The sections were inspected
+ under a stereomicroscope, and any crack formations were recorded. The
+ data were analyzed using the chi-square test (P = .05). Results: The
+ Gates Glidden drills resulted in a higher rate of crack formation than
+ that noted in the control group (P < .05). Flaring of the root canals
+ using the ProTaper Universal, Endoflare, Revo-S, and HyFlex instruments
+ resulted in crack formation similar to that of the control group (P >
+ .05). Conclusions: The use of the Gates Glidden drills resulted in the
+ formation of the most cracks. However, the results for the ProTaper
+ Universal, Endoflare, Revo-S, and HyFlex flaring instruments were
+ similar to those of the control group in terms of crack formation.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC}},
+Address = {{360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Arslan, H (Reprint Author), Ataturk Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Endodont, TR-26240 Erzurum, Turkey.
+ Arslan, Hakan; Karatas, Ertugrul; Ozsu, Damla; Doganay, Ezgi, Ataturk Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Endodont, TR-26240 Erzurum, Turkey.
+ Capar, Ismail Davut, Katip Celebi Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Endodont, Izmir, Turkey.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.joen.2014.06.004}},
+ISSN = {{0099-2399}},
+EISSN = {{1878-3554}},
+Keywords = {{Coronal flaring; cracks; dentinal damage; Endoflare; Gates Glidden;
+ HyFlex; ProTaper Universal; Revo-S}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ROOT-CANAL PREPARATION; NITI ROTARY INSTRUMENTS; SELF-ADJUSTING FILE;
+ DENTINAL DEFECTS; SAFETY; MTWO}},
+Research-Areas = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Dentistry, Oral Surgery \& Medicine}},
+Author-Email = {{dt\_hakan82@hotmail.com}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{capar, ismail davut/0000-0002-8729-8983}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Endod.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ5ZZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342888400030}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000343097600035,
+Author = {Chen, L. and Liu, J. F. and Wang, C. P. and Liu, J. and Su, R. and Wang,
+ J.},
+Title = {{Characterization of damage evolution in granite under compressive stress
+ condition and its effect on permeability}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{71}},
+Pages = {{340-349}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{With the aid of 3D acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system, the
+ cracking process of granite under compressive stress condition and its
+ effect on the hydro-mechanical properties is experimentally studied. The
+ granite is taken from Beishan area, a preferable region for high-level
+ radioactive waste (HLW) disposal in China. The experiment results
+ suggest that the rock failure and degradation of mechanical properties
+ are essentially related to the propagation and coalescence of induced
+ cracks. Using an anisotropic damage tensor proposed by Shao et al., the
+ damage evolution during the whole loading process is studied according
+ to the experimental data It is revealed that the damage evolution is
+ mainly initiated with the appearance of nonlinear mechanical behaviour,
+ and accelerated close to the failure point and in post-peak region. The
+ estimated damage variable in lateral direction is found be globally
+ higher than the value in vertical direction. The recorded AE events
+ indicate that cracking process of granite could be accelerated due to
+ the existence of hydraulic pressure. As a result, much lower compressive
+ strength is obtained under same effective confining pressure in
+ hydro-mechanical coupling tests. A similar tendency of damage and
+ permeability is noticed, and the permeability variation in granite is
+ found to be negligible before the coalescence of microcracks. Finally,
+ an empirical relation is proposed to describe the influence of damage
+ evolution and confining pressure on permeability variation. (C) 2014
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chen, L (Reprint Author), Beijing Res Inst Uranium Geol, CNNC Key Lab Geol Disposal High Level Radioact Wa, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
+ Chen, L.; Wang, C. P.; Liu, J.; Su, R.; Wang, J., Beijing Res Inst Uranium Geol, CNNC Key Lab Geol Disposal High Level Radioact Wa, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
+ Liu, J. F., Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul \& Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmms.2014.07.020}},
+ISSN = {{1365-1609}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4545}},
+Keywords = {{Damage evolution; Acoustic emission; Permeability; Beishan granite}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; ROCK; MICROMECHANICS; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH;
+ TENSORS; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Mining \& Mineral Processing}},
+Author-Email = {{chenliang@briug.cn
+ liujf@scu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{China Atomic Energy Authority; National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China {[}11202069, 51120145001]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work has been supported by the China Atomic Energy Authority
+ through the geological disposal program and the National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (no. 11202069, 51120145001).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ8RE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000343097600035}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000339697900006,
+Author = {Mehmanparast, Ali},
+Title = {{Prediction of creep crack growth behaviour in 316H stainless steel for a
+ range of specimen geometries}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{120}},
+Pages = {{55-65}},
+Month = {{AUG-SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The specimen geometry and constraint effects on the creep crack growth
+ behaviour of Type 316H stainless steel at 550 degrees C have been
+ examined over a wide range of load levels using finite element
+ simulations. Creep crack growth predictions are performed on a range of
+ specimen geometries by employing stress dependent creep ductility and
+ strain rate trends in creep damage calculations. The predicted creep
+ crack growth rates are characterised using the C{*} fracture mechanics
+ parameter and validated through comparison with the existing
+ experimental data. Comparisons have been made between the predicted
+ short term and long term creep crack growth behaviour in different
+ specimens and the results are discussed in terms of the specimen
+ constraint effects on the crack growth behaviour of the material. Two
+ material states including as-received and pre-compressed conditions have
+ been considered and their predicted creep crack growth results are
+ compared in each of the specimen geometries examined. (C) 2014 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mehmanparast, A (Reprint Author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England.
+ Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol \& Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijpvp.2014.05.006}},
+ISSN = {{0308-0161}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3541}},
+Keywords = {{Creep crack growth; CCG; Long term; Stress dependent ductility; 316H;
+ Specimen geometry; Finite element modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FAILURE SIMULATIONS; TIP CONSTRAINT; DUCTILITY; FRACTURE; STRESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{ali.mehmanparast@imperial.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mehmanparast, Ali/G-4680-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mehmanparast, Ali/0000-0002-7099-7956}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{9}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AM2RG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000339697900006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000338406200007,
+Author = {Guillamet, G. and Turon, A. and Costa, J. and Renart, J. and Linde, P.
+ and Mayugo, J. A.},
+Title = {{Damage occurrence at edges of non-crimp-fabric thin-ply laminates under
+ off-axis uniaxial loading}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{98}},
+Pages = {{44-50}},
+Month = {{JUN 27}},
+Abstract = {{Thin-ply based laminates are a promising development in composite
+ materials and are expected in the near future to outperform conventional
+ laminates in mechanical performance. A rational design with thin plies
+ requires understanding the effect of ply thickness on each damage
+ mechanism. This paper presents an experimental investigation into damage
+ occurrence in a quasi-isotropic laminate made from thin-ply, bi-axial,
+ Non-Crimp-Fabric (NCF), under different off-axis uniaxial loadings. The
+ NCF layers are positioned through the laminate thickness creating two
+ regions, namely THICK and THIN (with and without ply clustering). Then,
+ the onset and progress of three damage mechanisms (transverse matrix
+ cracking, matrix crack induced delamination and free-edge delamination)
+ for both regions are analyzed by monitoring the specimen's free-edge.
+ The results show that the critical region where damage occurs is that
+ with ply clustering (THICK), whereas delamination originating from
+ matrix cracks or free edge effects are delayed or even suppressed in the
+ THIN region. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Costa, J (Reprint Author), Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Campus Montilivi S-N, Girona 17071, Spain.
+ Guillamet, G.; Turon, A.; Costa, J.; Renart, J.; Mayugo, J. A., Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Girona 17071, Spain.
+ Linde, P., Airbus Operat GmbH, D-21129 Hamburg, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.04.014}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1050}},
+Keywords = {{Thin-ply laminates; Carbon fibres; Delamination; Matrix cracking}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITES; FAILURE; PLIES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{josep.costa@udg.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014
+ Costa, Josep/C-4941-2008
+ Mayugo, Joan Andreu/C-3772-2009
+ Renart, Jordi/B-7209-2014
+ Turon, Albert/C-6875-2008
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291
+ Costa, Josep/0000-0002-7134-7146
+ Mayugo, Joan Andreu/0000-0001-8210-3529
+ Renart, Jordi/0000-0003-0069-7103
+ Turon, Albert/0000-0002-2554-2653
+ Guillamet, Gerard/0000-0002-7544-1906}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Spanish government through the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad
+ {[}DPI2012-34465, MAT2012-37552-C03-03]; Generalitat de Catalunya
+ {[}2013FI-801062]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge Chomarat (Ardeche, France) and
+ Prof. S.W. Tsai (Stanford University, USA) for providing the material,
+ Aldila (Poway, California, USA) for the epoxy system pre-preg and VX
+ Aerospace (Leesburg, Virginia, USA) for manufacturing the panel. The
+ authors also acknowledge the support of the Spanish government through
+ the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under the contracts
+ DPI2012-34465 and MAT2012-37552-C03-03. The first author especially
+ acknowledges the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya with the
+ pre-doctoral Grant FI-DGR (2013FI-801062).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{21}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AK4PI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000338406200007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000335197500009,
+Author = {Li, Longbiao and Song, Yingdong and Sun, Youchao},
+Title = {{Effect of matrix cracking on hysteresis behavior of cross-ply ceramic
+ matrix composites}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1505-1530}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{The effect of matrix cracking on hysteresis behavior of cross-ply
+ ceramic matrix composites is investigated in the present analysis. The
+ cracking of cross-ply ceramic composites was classified into five modes,
+ where cracking mode 3 and mode 5 involve matrix cracking and
+ fiber/matrix interface debonding in 0 degrees ply. The matrix crack
+ space and interface debonded length are obtained by matrix statistical
+ cracking model and fracture mechanics interface debonding criterion.
+ Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix in
+ the interface debonded region, the unloading interface reverse slip
+ length and reloading interface new slip length of cracking mode 3 and
+ mode 5 are determined by the fracture mechanics approach. The hysteresis
+ loops of four different cases for cracking mode 3 and mode 5 are derived
+ respectively. The hysteresis loss energy as a function of interface
+ shear stress of mode 3 and mode 5 are analyzed. The theoretical results
+ have been compared with experimental data of two different cross-ply
+ ceramic composites.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, LB (Reprint Author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, 29 Yudao St, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
+ Li, Longbiao; Sun, Youchao, Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Civil Aviat, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
+ Song, Yingdong, Nanjing Univ Aeronaut \& Astronaut, Coll Energy \& Power Engn, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/0021998313488149}},
+ISSN = {{0021-9983}},
+EISSN = {{1530-793X}},
+Keywords = {{matrix cracking; cross-ply; Ceramic matrix composites; hysteresis loops;
+ interface debonding}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PROGRESSIVE TRANSVERSE CRACKING; MECHANICAL HYSTERESIS; FIBER
+ COMPOSITES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; FRACTURE; DAMAGE; LOOPS; STRESS;
+ STRAIN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{llb451@nuaa.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China {[}2012M511274]; Introduction
+ of Talents Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of
+ Aeronautics and Astronautics {[}56YAH12034]; National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China {[}51075204]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was sponsored by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
+ (Grant No. 2012M511274), the Introduction of Talents Scientific Research
+ Foundation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Grant
+ No. 56YAH12034) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
+ No. 51075204).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Compos Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AG1SX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000335197500009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000329427100003,
+Author = {Farid, N. and Harilal, S. S. and El-Atwani, O. and Ding, H. and
+ Hassanein, A.},
+Title = {{Experimental simulation of materials degradation of plasma-facing
+ components using lasers}},
+Journal = {{NUCLEAR FUSION}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{54}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{The damage and erosion of plasma-facing components (PFCs) due to
+ extremely high heat loads and particle bombardment is a key issue for
+ the nuclear fusion community. Currently high current ion and electron
+ beams are used in laboratories for simulating the behaviour of PFC
+ materials under ITER-like conditions. Our results indicate that
+ high-power nanosecond lasers can be used for laboratory simulation of
+ high heat flux PFC material degradation. We exposed tungsten (W)
+ surfaces with repetitive laser pulses from a nanosecond laser with a
+ power density similar to a few GW cm(-2). Emission spectroscopic
+ analysis showed that plasma features at early times followed by intense
+ particle emission at later times. Analysis of laser-exposed W surface
+ demonstrated cracks and grain structures. Our results indicate that the
+ typical particle emission features from laser-irradiated tungsten are
+ consistent with high-power particle beam simulation results.}},
+Publisher = {{IOP PUBLISHING LTD}},
+Address = {{TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Farid, N (Reprint Author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, Ctr Mat Extreme Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
+ Farid, N.; Harilal, S. S.; El-Atwani, O.; Hassanein, A., Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, Ctr Mat Extreme Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
+ Farid, N.; Ding, H., Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Phys \& Opt Engn, Key Lab Mat Modificat Laser Ion \& Electron Beams, Dalian, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1088/0029-5515/54/1/012002}},
+Article-Number = {{012002}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5515}},
+EISSN = {{1741-4326}},
+Keywords = {{plasma-facing components (PFCs); ITER; tungsten; surface erosion}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FUSION DEVICES; HEAT LOADS; TUNGSTEN; DIAGNOSTICS; MOLYBDENUM;
+ MECHANISMS; DUST; WALL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Physics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Physics, Fluids \& Plasmas}},
+Author-Email = {{hassanein@purdue.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Harilal, Sivanandan/B-5438-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Harilal, Sivanandan/0000-0003-2266-7976
+ El Atwani, Osman/0000-0002-1862-7018}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Science Foundation (NSF) Partnerships for International
+ Research and Education (PIRE) programme {[}1243490]; US Department of
+ Energy, Office of Fusion Energy sciences}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation
+ (NSF) Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE)
+ programme (Award No 1243490) and US Department of Energy, Office of
+ Fusion Energy sciences.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Nucl. Fusion}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{285XA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000329427100003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000329017400035,
+Author = {Sun, Zhi and Hu, Xiaozhi and Chen, Haoran},
+Title = {{Effects of aramid-fibre toughening on interfacial fracture toughness of
+ epoxy adhesive joint between carbon-fibre face sheet and aluminium
+ substrate}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Pages = {{288-294}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Brittle epoxy adhesive joints, between the carbon-fibre/epoxy face
+ sheets and aluminium substrate, were toughened using
+ randomly-distributed short aramid fibres. In this study, effects of the
+ epoxy adhesive thickness on interfacial fracture toughness of the
+ adhesive joints, with and without short aramid-fibre toughening, were
+ investigated. Short aramid fibres of 6 or 14 mm in length with an area
+ density of 12 g/m(2) were inserted between the carbon-fibre face sheet
+ and aluminium substrate during the laminating process. Two and six
+ layers of aluminium foils were inserted at the interface to form the
+ controlled thin and thick adhesive joints, which are around 20 and 70 mu
+ m in thickness. The two ``composite adhesive joints{''}, with different
+ volume densities of short aramid fibres, reversed the adhesive-thickness
+ influence on the interfacial toughness in comparison to that of the
+ plain epoxy adhesive joints. However, both ``composite adhesive
+ joints{''} with low and high aramid-fibre densities resulted in
+ significant improvement in the interfacial toughness. Analytical models,
+ together with optical and scanning electron microscopy observations,
+ were used to explain the experimental findings, and relevant toughening
+ mechanisms. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hu, XZ (Reprint Author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech \& Chem Engn, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
+ Sun, Zhi; Hu, Xiaozhi, Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech \& Chem Engn, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
+ Sun, Zhi; Chen, Haoran, Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Struct Anal Ind Equipment, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.09.023}},
+ISSN = {{0143-7496}},
+EISSN = {{1879-0127}},
+Keywords = {{Adhesive joints; Aramid fibre; Fracture toughness; Fibre bridging;
+ Composite adhesive joints}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MODE-I DELAMINATION; DISCONTINUOUS INTERLEAVES; SANDWICH STRUCTURES;
+ DAMAGE SUPPRESSION; FOAM SANDWICH; CRACK-GROWTH; LOADING RATE;
+ REINFORCEMENT; COMPOSITES; THICKNESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{xiao.zhi.hu@uwa.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sun, Zhi/K-1566-2014
+ Hu, Xiaozhi /H-4353-2011}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian Research Council; China Scholarship Council}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful to the financial supports of the Australian
+ Research Council and Research Funding for Senior Professor DUE One of us
+ (Z.S.) would like to thank the China Scholarship Council for providing a
+ postgraduate scholarship. The authors also would like to thank the UWA
+ Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis for the technical
+ support to the SEM study.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Adhes. Adhes.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{280GT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000329017400035}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000344095700005,
+Author = {Ciampa, F. and Onder, E. and Barbieri, E. and Meo, M.},
+Title = {{Detection and Modelling of Nonlinear Elastic Response in Damaged
+ Composite Structures}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{515-521}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper the nonlinear material response of damaged composite
+ structures under periodic excitation is experimentally and numerically
+ investigated. In particular, the nonlinear wave propagation problem was
+ numerically analysed through a finite element model able to predict the
+ nonlinear interaction of acoustic/ultrasonic waves with damage
+ precursors and micro-cracks. Such a constitutive model is based on the
+ Landau's semi-analytical approach to account for anharmonic effects of
+ the medium, and is able to provide an understanding of nonlinear elastic
+ phenomena such as the second harmonic generation. Moreover, Kelvin
+ tensorial formulation was used to extend the wave propagation problem in
+ orthotropic materials to the 3D Cartesian space. In this manner, the
+ interaction of the stress waves with the 3D crack could be analysed.
+ This numerical model was then experimentally validated on a composite
+ plate undergone to impact loading. Good agreement between the
+ experimental and numerical second harmonic response was found, showing
+ that this material model can be used as a simple and useful tool for
+ future structural diagnostic applications.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Meo, M (Reprint Author), Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Res Ctr, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
+ Ciampa, F.; Onder, E.; Meo, M., Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Res Ctr, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
+ Barbieri, E., Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Engn \& Mat Sci, London E1 4NS, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10921-014-0247-7}},
+ISSN = {{0195-9298}},
+EISSN = {{1573-4862}},
+Keywords = {{Nondestructive evaluation techniques; Nonlinear ultrasound; Finite
+ element method; Multiscale modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{WAVE SPECTROSCOPY NEWS; TIME-REVERSAL; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION;
+ IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; CONTACT; PLATE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{m.meo@bath.ac.uk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Meo, Michele/0000-0003-1633-8930
+ Barbieri, Ettore/0000-0003-1540-7551
+ Ciampa, Francesco/0000-0003-3846-8891}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Nondestruct. Eval.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AS2FR}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000344095700005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000343622600020,
+Author = {Shojaei, Amir and Li, Guoqiang and Fish, Jacob and Lan, P. J.},
+Title = {{Multi-scale constitutive modeling of Ceramic Matrix Composites by
+ Continuum Damage Mechanics}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{51}},
+Number = {{23-24}},
+Pages = {{4068-4081}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{The microscale damage mechanisms in brittle ceramics are investigated in
+ detail and a Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) model is developed in this
+ work to study two common failure modes in Ceramic Matrix Composites
+ (CMC), i.e. matrix/interphase fracture and fiber sliding. In order to
+ empower the developed framework for performing crashworthiness studies,
+ the effect of the dynamic energy density content on the microscale
+ fracture modes of CMCs is also considered. The CDM model is developed
+ within a physically consistent framework that includes basic fracture
+ mechanics of CMCs. Also the CDM model is developed in such a way that
+ most of the material parameters are directly obtainable form the
+ experimental data rather than cumbersome and time consuming numerical
+ curve fitting techniques. In order to construct a computationally
+ effective multiscale analysis platform for CMCs, this work aims to
+ provide an asymptotic solution for a microscale representative volume
+ element (RVE) which represents the fiber, interphase and matrix
+ interactions. The developed asymptotic solution can capture the
+ non-linear response of CMCs through CDM model; and it considerably
+ reduces the computational cost of hierarchical multiscale analysis in
+ comparison to the numerical methods, e.g. numerical models that simulate
+ the real microstructure. The CDM model and the RVE asymptotic solution
+ are utilized to study the microscale damage mechanisms in CMC systems.
+ It is shown that the developed scheme performs quite well in capturing
+ available experiments in the literature and provides a comprehensive
+ description of microscale damage mechanisms in CMCs. The developed
+ framework can be utilized in the future developments of the hierarchical
+ multiscale analysis of CMC systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, GQ (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Shojaei, Amir; Li, Guoqiang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Li, Guoqiang, Southern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA.
+ Fish, Jacob, Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn \& Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA.
+ Lan, P. J., UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.07.026}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{Multiscale modeling; CMC; Fiber pullout; Continuum Damage Mechanics;
+ Dynamic fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TRANSVERSE TENSILE BEHAVIOR; CRACK; FRACTURE; BRITTLE; INTERFACE;
+ COMPRESSION; STRENGTH; POLYCRYSTALS; TRIAXIALITY; FAILURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{A.Shojael.Mech.Eng@gmail.com
+ lguoqi1@lsu.edu
+ fishj@columbia.edu
+ pj.tan@ucl.ac.uk}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NASA {[}NNX11AM17A]; Louisiana Board of Regents {[}NNX11AM17A,
+ NASA/LEQSF (2011-14)-Phase3-05]; NSF {[}CMMI1333997]; Army Research
+ Office {[}W911NF-13-1-0145]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This investigation was partially supported by Cooperative Agreement
+ NNX11AM17A between NASA and the Louisiana Board of Regents under
+ contract NASA/LEQSF (2011-14)-Phase3-05. This study was also partially
+ supported by the NSF under Grant number CMMI1333997 and Army Research
+ Office under Grant number W911NF-13-1-0145.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{69}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{63}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AR5KB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000343622600020}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000342870500016,
+Author = {Caporale, A. and Feo, L. and Luciano, R.},
+Title = {{Damage mechanics of cement concrete modeled as a four-phase composite}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{65}},
+Number = {{SI}},
+Pages = {{124-130}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{In this contribution, a four-phase micromechanical model is proposed in
+ order to simulate the non-linear instantaneous pre-peak response of
+ cement concrete subjected to monotonically increasing loads. The
+ non-linear behavior is attributed to the creation of cracks in the
+ cement paste of the concrete; the effect of the cracks is taken into
+ account by introducing equivalent voids in the cement paste. The
+ concrete material is modeled as a four-phase composite with three
+ different types of heterogeneities: gravel, sand and voids, embedded in
+ a cement pure paste matrix. The composite homogenization is realized
+ with the Mori-Tanaka method and the overall non-linear response of the
+ concrete is determined by a secant approach. The proposed
+ micromechanical model is able to capture peculiar aspects of the
+ concrete stress-strain curve of uniaxial compression: in most concrete
+ materials, a higher compressive strength is associated with a higher
+ initial tangent Young's modulus. Further analogies between the
+ theoretical curves of the proposed method and the experimental curves
+ are shown. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Caporale, A (Reprint Author), Univ Cassino \& Southern Lazio, Dept Civil \& Mech Engn, Via G Biasio 43, I-03043 Cassino, FR, Italy.
+ Caporale, A.; Luciano, R., Univ Cassino \& Southern Lazio, Dept Civil \& Mech Engn, I-03043 Cassino, FR, Italy.
+ Feo, L., Univ Salerno, Dept Civil Engn, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.02.006}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1069}},
+Keywords = {{Elasticity; Strength; Stress concentrations; Micro-mechanics; Cement
+ concrete}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE; PERFORMANCE; STRENGTH; BOND}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{a.caporale@unicas.it}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Feo, Luciano/L-9750-2016
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Feo, Luciano/0000-0002-3180-7478
+ CAPORALE, Andrea/0000-0002-8153-3022}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AQ5TC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000342870500016}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000344455700074,
+Author = {Zhang, Wenyu and Zhang, Zhenjiang and Qi, Dapeng and Liu, Yun},
+Title = {{Automatic Crack Detection and Classification Method for Subway Tunnel
+ Safety Monitoring}},
+Journal = {{SENSORS}},
+Year = {{2014}},
+Volume = {{14}},
+Number = {{10}},
+Pages = {{19307-19328}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{Cracks are an important indicator reflecting the safety status of
+ infrastructures. This paper presents an automatic crack detection and
+ classification methodology for subway tunnel safety monitoring. With the
+ application of high-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)
+ industrial cameras, the tunnel surface can be captured and stored in
+ digital images. In a next step, the local dark regions with potential
+ crack defects are segmented from the original gray-scale images by
+ utilizing morphological image processing techniques and thresholding
+ operations. In the feature extraction process, we present a distance
+ histogram based shape descriptor that effectively describes the spatial
+ shape difference between cracks and other irrelevant objects. Along with
+ other features, the classification results successfully remove over 90\%
+ misidentified objects. Also, compared with the original gray-scale
+ images, over 90\% of the crack length is preserved in the last output
+ binary images. The proposed approach was tested on the safety monitoring
+ for Beijing Subway Line 1. The experimental results revealed the rules
+ of parameter settings and also proved that the proposed approach is
+ effective and efficient for automatic crack detection and
+ classification.}},
+Publisher = {{MDPI AG}},
+Address = {{POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, ZJ (Reprint Author), Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Beijing Municipal Commiss Educ, Sch Elect \& Informat Engn, Key Lab Commun \& Informat Syst, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
+ Zhang, Wenyu; Zhang, Zhenjiang; Qi, Dapeng; Liu, Yun, Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Beijing Municipal Commiss Educ, Sch Elect \& Informat Engn, Key Lab Commun \& Informat Syst, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.3390/s141019307}},
+ISSN = {{1424-8220}},
+Keywords = {{crack detection; crack classification; subway tunnel; line scan cameras}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EXTREME LEARNING-MACHINE; INSPECTION SYSTEM; DAMAGE DETECTION; VISION;
+ IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORM; FEATURES; IMAGES; BEAM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{13120179@bjtu.edu.cn
+ zhjzhang1@bjtu.edu.cn
+ 13120112@bjtu.edu.cn
+ liuyun@bjtu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation {[}61371071]; Beijing Natural
+ Science Foundation {[}4132057]; Academic Discipline and Postgraduate
+ Education Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation under
+ Grant 61371071, Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant 4132057,
+ Academic Discipline and Postgraduate Education Project of Beijing
+ Municipal Commission of Education.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{42}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Sensors}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AS7SS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000344455700074}},
+OA = {{gold}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2015.bib b/data/WoS_export/2015.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e86136d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2015.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3294 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000360594500004,
+Author = {Sun, B. A. and Wang, W. H.},
+Title = {{The fracture of bulk metallic glasses}},
+Journal = {{PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{74}},
+Pages = {{211-307}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{The fracture of metallic glasses has received relatively little
+ attention until recently. The development of bulk metallic glasses
+ (BMGs) with more compositions, large sample sizes and diverse fracture
+ behaviors provides a series of ideal model systems for the study of
+ fracture in glassy materials. The fracture toughness of different BMGs
+ varies significantly from approaching ideally brittle to the highest
+ known damage tolerance. Diverse fracture patterns on the fracture
+ surface, fracture modes and dynamic propagation of cracks have been
+ observed in different BMGs. In this review paper, we present a
+ comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art research on various aspects
+ of the fracture of BMGs, including fracture behavior and
+ characteristics, fracture mode, fracture criterion, fracture toughness,
+ and fracture morphology. Accumulated experimental data on BMG fracture
+ are presented and their possible theoretical connections with continuum
+ fracture mechanics and the atomic-scale process are introduced and
+ discussed. Modeling studies of the fracture of BMGs by various
+ computational methods are also reviewed. The review also presents a
+ number of perspectives, including the relation of BMG fracture study to
+ other topics, and unsolved issues for future investigation. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sun, BA (Reprint Author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
+ Sun, B. A.; Wang, W. H., Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.05.002}},
+ISSN = {{0079-6425}},
+Keywords = {{Fracture; Metallic glass; Fracture surface morphology; Crack;
+ Deformation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NI-CU-BE; FATIGUE-CRACK PROPAGATION; SHEAR-BAND FORMATION; ZR-TI;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; POISSONS
+ RATIO; PLASTIC-FLOW; INHOMOGENEOUS FLOW}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{iphysunba@gmail.com
+ whw@iphy.ac.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Sun, Baoan/C-6441-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Sun, Baoan/0000-0001-5306-1817}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSF of China {[}50321101, 50621061, 50921091, 50731008, 51271195]; MOST
+ 973 of China {[}2015CB856800]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial supports of the NSF of China (Grant Nrs. 50321101,
+ 50621061, 50921091, 50731008 and 51271195) and MOST 973 of China (Nrs.
+ 2015CB856800) are appreciated. We thank D.Q. Zhao, Z. Wang, X.K. Xi,
+ M.Z. Li, G. Wang, M.X. Pan, and H.Y. Bai for experimental assistance and
+ insightful discussions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{296}},
+Times-Cited = {{68}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{47}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{212}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Prog. Mater. Sci.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CQ4SI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000360594500004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000348920000009,
+Author = {Ambati, Marreddy and Gerasimov, Tymofiy and De Lorenzis, Laura},
+Title = {{A review on phase-field models of brittle fracture and a new fast hybrid
+ formulation}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{55}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{383-405}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{In this contribution we address the issue of efficient finite element
+ treatment for phase-field modeling of brittle fracture. We start by
+ providing an overview of the existing quasi-static and dynamic
+ phase-field fracture formulations from the physics and the mechanics
+ communities. Within the formulations stemming from Griffith's theory, we
+ focus on quasi-static models featuring a tension-compression split,
+ which prevent cracking in compression and interpenetration of the crack
+ faces upon closure, and on the staggered algorithmic implementation due
+ to its proved robustness. In this paper, we establish an appropriate
+ stopping criterion for the staggered scheme. Moreover, we propose and
+ test the so-called hybrid formulation, which leads within a staggered
+ implementation to an incrementally linear problem. This enables a
+ significant reduction of computational cost-about one order of
+ magnitude-with respect to the available (non-linear) models. The
+ conceptual and structural similarities of the hybrid formulation to
+ gradient-enhanced continuum damage mechanics are outlined as well.
+ Several benchmark problems are solved, including one with own
+ experimental verification.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gerasimov, T (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Appl Mech, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
+ Ambati, Marreddy; Gerasimov, Tymofiy; De Lorenzis, Laura, Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Appl Mech, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00466-014-1109-y}},
+ISSN = {{0178-7675}},
+EISSN = {{1432-0924}},
+Keywords = {{Phase-field modeling; Brittle fracture; Review; Hybrid formulation;
+ Staggered scheme; FEM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-PROPAGATION; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; DYNAMIC FRACTURE; DAMAGE;
+ APPROXIMATION; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{t.gerasimov@yahoo.com}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{De Lorenzis, Laura/0000-0003-2748-3287}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Research Council, ERC Starting Researcher Grant INTERFACES
+ {[}279439]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was funded by the European Research Council, ERC Starting
+ Researcher Grant INTERFACES, Grant Agreement No. 279439. The assistance
+ of Dr. Roland Kruse (Institute of Applied Mechanics, TU Braunschweig)
+ with the experimental tests for example 6 in Sect. 4 is gratefully
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{39}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{33}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CA5AS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000348920000009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000355884100005,
+Author = {Quan, Dong and Ivankovic, Alojz},
+Title = {{Effect of core-shell rubber (CSR) nano-particles on mechanical
+ properties and fracture toughness of an epoxy polymer}},
+Journal = {{POLYMER}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Pages = {{16-28}},
+Month = {{JUN 1}},
+Abstract = {{A DGEBA epoxy resin cured using dicyandiamide hardener, was modified by
+ using two types of CSR nano-particles over a range of volume fractions
+ from 0 vol.\% to 38 vol.\%. The size and microstructure of CSR particles
+ were studied and the measured diameters are 203 nm (with a 16.9 nm shell
+ thickness) and 74.1 nm respectively. Addition of CSR nano particles
+ increased the glass transition temperature due to the interaction
+ between matrix and particles. Addition of CSR particles increased the
+ ductility and Poisson's ratio of epoxy, but reduced the Young's modulus
+ and tensile strength. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and tensile
+ strength were well predicted by theoretical models using an effective
+ volume fraction of rubber. An optimum CSR content was found to exist,
+ when the fracture energy increased from 343 J/m(2) for matrix to 2671
+ J/m(2) for epoxy modified by 30 vol.\% of CSR particles, and then
+ started to decline. The main toughening mechanisms were proved to be
+ debonding of CSR particles from matrix, followed by plastic voids
+ growth, which was accompanied by shear bands yielding. Large-scale
+ plastic void growth was discovered at the subcritical tip of double
+ notch four points bending test (DN-4PB), and the values of fracture
+ energy were found to be proportional to the size of plastic damage zone
+ measured from subcritical crack tip of DN-4PB. This proved the plastic
+ void growth is the major toughening mechanism, which correlated well
+ with the results of fracture energy modelling. A theoretical model was
+ used to predict the fracture toughness increment due to the shear band
+ yielding and plastic void growth. The analytical values showed good
+ agreement with the experimental data, and further demonstrated the
+ proposed toughening mechanism. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ivankovic, A (Reprint Author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Mech \& Mat Engn, Dublin, Ireland.
+ Quan, Dong; Ivankovic, Alojz, Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Mech \& Mat Engn, Dublin, Ireland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.002}},
+ISSN = {{0032-3861}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2291}},
+Keywords = {{CSR nano particles; Epoxy polymers; Fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FILLED COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; FIBER-REINFORCED EPOXIES; WEAK BONDING
+ CONDITIONS; FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; PREDICTIVE
+ MODEL; PHASE-SEPARATION; GLASS PARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; MATRIX}},
+Research-Areas = {{Polymer Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Polymer Science}},
+Author-Email = {{alojz.ivankovic@ucd.ie}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ivankovic, Alojz/I-8547-2012}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ivankovic, Alojz/0000-0002-3938-828X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{China Scholarship Council; Henkel (Ireland)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The project was jointly supported by China Scholarship Council and
+ Henkel (Ireland). The authors would like to thank Dr. Ray Tully and Mr.
+ Simon Murphy from Henkel (Ireland) for the supply of materials.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{31}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{79}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Polymer}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CK0GQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000355884100005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000343687200030,
+Author = {Kudela, Pawel and Radzienski, Maciej and Ostachowicz, Wieslaw},
+Title = {{Identification of cracks in thin-walled structures by means of
+ wavenumber filtering}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{50-51}},
+Pages = {{456-466}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This research is related to a signal processing of full wavefield data
+ as an effective tool for detection, localization and visualization of a
+ crack growth in thin-walled structures. Full wavefield data of
+ propagating Lamb waves in structures such as plates and shells made out
+ of metallic alloys and composite laminates contain a wealth of
+ information about wave pattern anomalies due to occurrence of a damage.
+ The aim is to demonstrate a method for enhancing damage visualization in
+ structures such that estimation of the length and orientation of the
+ crack can be easily obtained. The proposed signal processing involves
+ application of discrete fast Fourier transform, wavenumber domain
+ filtering and inverse discrete Fourier transform. The method is further
+ enhanced by a technique for compensation of the wave attenuation so that
+ the effects of structural damage have the same influence regardless of
+ the location. The concept is first illustrated on numerically simulated
+ data, and then tested on experimental results. In the experiments, full
+ wavefield measurements are obtained using a scanning laser Doppler
+ vibrometer, which allows the measurement of displacements and/or
+ velocities along three axes over a user-defined grid. In the proposed
+ method only out-of-plane velocities are used. Tests performed on simple
+ aluminum and composite plates with artificially introduced longitudinal
+ cracks confirm the effectiveness of the method and its potential for
+ application to the inspection of a variety of structural components. (C)
+ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Kudela, P (Reprint Author), Fiszera 14 St, PL-80231 Gdansk, Poland.
+ Kudela, Pawel; Radzienski, Maciej; Ostachowicz, Wieslaw, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Fluid Flow Machinery, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland.
+ Ostachowicz, Wieslaw, Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Automot \& Construct Machinery, PL-02524 Warsaw, Poland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.05.041}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{Lamb waves; Wavefield; Crack identification; Wavenumber filtering; Laser
+ vibrometry}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SCANNING LASER VIBROMETRY; LAMB WAVES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{pk@imp.gda.pl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kudela, Pawel/A-1552-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Kudela, Pawel/0000-0002-5130-6443}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Center for Research and Development {[}PBS1/B6/8/2012]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research leading to these results has received funding from the
+ National Center for Research and Development under Grant agreement no
+ PBS1/B6/8/2012 (KOMPNDT project).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{26}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{33}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AR6IK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000343687200030}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000352905100014,
+Author = {Zhou, X. P. and Bi, J. and Qian, Q. H.},
+Title = {{Numerical Simulation of Crack Growth and Coalescence in Rock-Like
+ Materials Containing Multiple Pre-existing Flaws}},
+Journal = {{ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{1097-1114}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{A novel meshless numerical method, called general particle dynamics
+ (GPD), is proposed to simulate samples of rock-like brittle
+ heterogeneous material containing four preexisting flaws under uniaxial
+ compressive loads. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate
+ the initiation, growth, and coalescence of cracks using a GPD code. An
+ elasto-brittle damage model based on an extension of the Hoek-Brown
+ strength criterion is applied to reflect crack initiation, growth, and
+ coalescence and the macrofailure of the rock-like material. The
+ preexisting flaws are simulated by empty particles. The particle is
+ killed when its stresses satisfy the Hoek-Brown strength criterion, and
+ the growth path of cracks is captured through the sequence of such
+ damaged particles. A statistical approach is applied to model the
+ heterogeneity of the rock-like material. It is found from the numerical
+ results that samples containing four preexisting flaws may produce five
+ types of cracks at or near the tips of preexisting flaws including wing,
+ coplanar or quasi-coplanar secondary, oblique secondary, out-of-plane
+ tensile, and out-of-plane shear cracks. Four coalescence modes are
+ observed from the numerical results: tensile (T), compression (C), shear
+ (S), and mixed tension/shear (TS). A higher load is required to induce
+ crack coalescence in the shear mode (S) than the tensile (T) or mixed
+ (TS) mode. It is concluded from the numerical results that crack
+ coalescence occurs following the weakest coalescence path among all
+ possible paths between any two flaws. The numerical results are in good
+ agreement with reported experimental observations.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER WIEN}},
+Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhou, XP (Reprint Author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
+ Zhou, X. P.; Bi, J.; Qian, Q. H., Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
+ Qian, Q. H., PLA Univ Sci \& Technol, Engn Inst Engn Crops, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00603-014-0627-4}},
+ISSN = {{0723-2632}},
+EISSN = {{1434-453X}},
+Keywords = {{General particle dynamics (GPD); Crack propagation; Crack coalescence;
+ Macrofailure}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS;
+ UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; MANIFOLD METHOD; PROPAGATION; INITIATION; MODEL;
+ SPH; FAILURE; MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{cqxpzhou@hotmail.com}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{project 973 {[}2014CB046903]; National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China {[}51325903, 51279218]; Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ
+ CSTC {[}cstc2013kjrc-ljrccj0001, cstc2013jcy-jys0005]; Research Fund of
+ the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China {[}20130191110037]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by project 973 (grant no. 2014CB046903), the
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 51325903 and
+ 51279218), Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC (nos.
+ cstc2013kjrc-ljrccj0001 and cstc2013jcy-jys0005), and Research Fund of
+ the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (no. 20130191110037).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{44}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Rock Mech. Rock Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CF9RY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000352905100014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000350839800021,
+Author = {Tan, Wei and Falzon, Brian G. and Chiu, Louis N. S. and Price, Mark},
+Title = {{Predicting low velocity impact damage and Compression-After-Impact (CAI)
+ behaviour of composite laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{71}},
+Pages = {{212-226}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Low-velocity impact damage can drastically reduce the residual strength
+ of a composite structure even when the damage is barely visible. The
+ ability to computationally predict the extent of damage and
+ compression-after-impact (CAI) strength of a composite structure can
+ potentially lead to the exploration of a larger design space without
+ incurring significant time and cost penalties. A high-fidelity
+ three-dimensional composite damage model, to predict both low-velocity
+ impact damage and CAI strength of composite laminates, has been
+ developed and implemented as a user material subroutine in the
+ commercial finite element package, ABAQUS/Explicit. The intralaminar
+ damage model component accounts for physically-based tensile and
+ compressive failure mechanisms, of the fibres and matrix, when subjected
+ to a three-dimensional stress state. Cohesive behaviour was employed to
+ model the interlaminar failure between plies with a bi-linear
+ traction-separation law for capturing damage onset and subsequent damage
+ evolution. The virtual tests, set up in ABAQUS/Explicit, were executed
+ in three steps, one to capture the impact damage, the second to
+ stabilize the specimen by imposing new boundary conditions required for
+ compression testing, and the third to predict the CAI strength. The
+ observed intralaminar damage features, delamination damage area as well
+ as residual strength are discussed. It is shown that the predicted
+ results for impact damage and CAI strength correlated well with
+ experimental testing without the need of model calibration which is
+ often required with other damage models. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Falzon, BG (Reprint Author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Ashby Bldg, Belfast BT9 5AH, Antrim, North Ireland.
+ Tan, Wei; Falzon, Brian G.; Price, Mark, Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Belfast BT9 5AH, Antrim, North Ireland.
+ Chiu, Louis N. S., Monash Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.01.025}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+EISSN = {{1878-5840}},
+Keywords = {{Laminates; Impact behaviour; Damage mechanics; Finite element analysis
+ (FEA)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{INTRALAMINAR FAILURE MECHANISMS; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES;
+ NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; FE IMPLEMENTATION; MATRIX CRACKING; PART II;
+ DELAMINATION; SIMULATION; MODELS; CFRP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{b.falzon@qub.ac.uk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Falzon, Brian/0000-0002-3613-2924}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Bombardier; Royal Academy of Engineering; Queen's University
+ Belfast/China Scholarship Council (QUB/CSC) PhD Scholarship}},
+Funding-Text = {{The corresponding author would like to acknowledge the financial support
+ of Bombardier and the Royal Academy of Engineering. The authors would
+ also like to gratefully acknowledge the funding from the Queen's
+ University Belfast/China Scholarship Council (QUB/CSC) PhD Scholarship
+ and the support from the Research Computing Team at QUB in accessing the
+ HPC facilities.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{38}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{41}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CD1MU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000350839800021}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000359172000037,
+Author = {Papasidero, Jessica and Doquet, Veronique and Mohr, Dirk},
+Title = {{Ductile fracture of aluminum 2024-T351 under proportional and
+ non-proportional multi-axial loading: Bao-Wierzbicki results revisited}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{69-70}},
+Pages = {{459-474}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The effect of stress state and loading path on the ductile fracture of
+ aluminum 2024-T351 is characterized through tension-torsion experiments
+ on tubular specimens. The experimental program includes proportional and
+ non-proportional loading paths leading to the onset of fracture at
+ nearly plane stress conditions at stress triaxialities between 0 and
+ 0.6. Stereo digital image correlation is used to measure the
+ displacements and rotations applied to the specimen shoulders. An
+ isotropic non-quadratic Hosford plasticity model with combined
+ Voce-Swift hardening is used to obtain estimates of the local stress and
+ strain fields within the specimen gage section. The hybrid
+ experimental-numerical results indicate a higher strain to fracture for
+ pure shear than for uniaxial tension. The calibration of a
+ Hosford-Coulomb fracture initiation model suggests that the ductility of
+ aluminum 2024-T351 decreases monotonically as a function of the stress
+ triaxiality, whereas it is a non-symmetric convex function of the Lode
+ angle parameter. It is shown that a simple non-linear damage
+ accumulation rule can describe the effect of non-proportional loading on
+ the strain to fracture. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mohr, D (Reprint Author), Ecole Polytech, Dept Mech, Solid Mech Lab CNRS UMR 7649, Palaiseau, France.
+ Papasidero, Jessica; Doquet, Veronique; Mohr, Dirk, Ecole Polytech, Dept Mech, Solid Mech Lab CNRS UMR 7649, Palaiseau, France.
+ Mohr, Dirk, MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Impact \& Crashworthiness Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.05.006}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{Ductile fracture; Stress triaxiality; Lode angle; Non-proportional
+ loading; Tension-torsion}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PART I EXPERIMENTS; STRESS-TRIAXIALITY; LODE PARAMETER; GURSON MODEL;
+ ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS; FLOW LOCALIZATION; COMBINED TENSION; CRACK
+ FORMATION; PLASTIC STRAIN; YIELD FUNCTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mohr@mit.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Mohr, Dirk/B-6492-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mohr, Dirk/0000-0003-0278-3443}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Jessica Papasidero through a Monge Fellowship from Ecole Polytechnique;
+ Region Ile-de-France; French National Research Agency
+ {[}ANR-11-BS09-0008]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial support of Jessica Papasidero through a Monge Fellowship
+ from Ecole Polytechnique is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also
+ supported by the Sesame 2006 grants from the Region Ile-de-France. The
+ partial financial support through the French National Research Agency
+ (Grant ANR-11-BS09-0008, LOTERIE) is gratefully acknowledged. The
+ authors are grateful to Professor Tomasz Wierzbicki (MIT) for valuable
+ discussions and comments on our manuscript.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{22}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CO5AM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000359172000037}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000351962800008,
+Author = {Zhu, Q. Z. and Shao, J. F.},
+Title = {{A refined micromechanical damage-friction model with strength prediction
+ for rock-like materials under compression}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{60-61}},
+Pages = {{75-83}},
+Month = {{MAY 15}},
+Abstract = {{Inelastic deformation and damage evolution at microdefects are two
+ essential nonlinear mechanisms that govern macroscopic mechanical
+ behaviors of quasi-brittle solids. The present paper deals in a unified
+ framework with two dissipative processes in microcracks: inelastic
+ deformation due to frictional sliding and damage by crack growth,
+ usually arising and strongly coupled in cohesive materials under
+ compression. Contributions by this work are threefold: (i) based on the
+ Mod-Tanaka method, the free enthalpy of the representative elementary
+ volume composed of a matrix phase and randomly oriented and distributed
+ penny-shaped microcracks is determined for the general case of multiple
+ crack families. The constitutive formulations are now presented in an
+ elegant manner by using two orientation-dependent tensorial operators;
+ (ii) the friction criterion is formulated in terms of the local stress
+ applied onto microcracks. This local stress contains a back stress term
+ that allows unified modeling of material hardening/softening behavior:
+ friction-induced hardening is attributed to the cumulation of frictional
+ shearing while damage-related softening is induced by crack growth and
+ coalescence; (iii) originally, strength prediction is achieved through
+ damage-friction coupling analyses. In that process, a basic feature of
+ the damage resistance is revealed, leading to a novel damage criterion
+ suitable for describing and modeling nonlinear mechanical behavior of
+ quasi-brittle materials. Moreover, trans-scale relationship between the
+ parameters in the local criteria and experimental data from laboratory
+ tests is set up, which is always appealing in multiscale modeling. As a
+ first phase of validation, the refined micromechanical model is finally
+ applied to simulate laboratory tests on a granite under triaxial
+ compression. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhu, QZ (Reprint Author), Hohai Univ, Inst Geotech Engn, 1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
+ Zhu, Q. Z.; Shao, J. F., Hohai Univ, Inst Geotech Engn, Res Grp 2MS2E, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
+ Zhu, Q. Z., Univ Paris Est, CNRS UMR8208, MSME, Marne La Vallee, France.
+ Shao, J. F., Univ Lille, CNRS UMR8107, LML, Villeneuve Dascq, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.02.005}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{Micromechanics; Induced anisotropies; Damage-friction coupling; Back
+ stress hardening/softening; Brittle rocks; Beishan granite}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS; ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE; BEISHAN GRANITE; STRESS;
+ CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{qizhi.zhu@gmail.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{zhu, qizhi/B-7101-2011
+ Zhu, Qizhi/E-4187-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{zhu, qizhi/0000-0003-2749-4998
+ Zhu, Qizhi/0000-0003-2749-4998}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}11202063]; Fundamental
+ Research Funds for the Central Universities {[}2013B17214, 2014B06914];
+ National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) {[}2011CB013504]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The author thanks financial supports from the National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (No. 11202063), the Fundamental Research Funds for
+ the Central Universities (Nos. 2013B17214, 2014B06914), the project
+ (2011CB013504) by the National Basic Research Program of China (973
+ Program).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{24}},
+Times-Cited = {{22}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{42}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CE6QK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000351962800008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000348961200050,
+Author = {Su, Z. C. and Tay, T. E. and Ridha, M. and Chen, B. Y.},
+Title = {{Progressive damage modeling of open-hole composite laminates under
+ compression}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{122}},
+Pages = {{507-517}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Despite the recent success of modeling progressive damage of open-hole
+ fiber reinforced composites subjected to tension (OHT), it is still a
+ challenging task to predict the strengths and the damage progression of
+ open-hole composite laminates under compressive loading (OHC). Herein,
+ we propose a progressive damage model for OHC based on our early model
+ for OHT and apply it to study the size effects of OHC. In the proposed
+ model, continuum shell elements are used to account for both in-plane
+ and out-of-plane deformation and delamination is modeled using cohesive
+ elements. A smeared crack model is used to model the progressive failure
+ of composite plies. It is found that the proposed model can predict
+ accurately the experimental strengths and damage patterns with the
+ assumption that the translaminar fracture toughness for blocked plies
+ increases. The different failure mechanisms of the sublaminate scaled
+ laminates of the stacking sequence {[}45/90/ - 45/0](ms) and the
+ ply-level scaled laminates of stacking sequence {[}45(n)/90(n)/ -
+ 45(n)/0(n)](s) are found to be closely related to the in-plane shear
+ stress of the central 0 degrees ply block and the initiation of
+ interface delamination. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Su, ZC (Reprint Author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mech Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
+ Su, Z. C.; Tay, T. E.; Ridha, M.; Chen, B. Y., Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mech Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.022}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{Progressive damage; Composite laminates; Compression; Strength}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TRANSLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; NOTCHED
+ COMPOSITES; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; FAILURE MODELS; PART II; STRENGTH;
+ CRITERIA; DELAMINATION; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{mpesz@nus.edu.sg}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Chen, Boyang/J-1271-2016
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chen, Boyang/0000-0001-7393-4363
+ Su, Zhoucheng/0000-0002-2131-5242
+ Tay, Tong-Earn/0000-0002-2846-1947}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Marinetime and Port Authority (MPA), Singapore {[}R-265-000-396-490]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support given to
+ this study by the Marinetime and Port Authority (MPA), Singapore (Award
+ No. R-265-000-396-490).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{22}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CA5PV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000348961200050}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000347290800001,
+Author = {Wang, Yongxiang and Waisman, Haim},
+Title = {{Progressive delamination analysis of composite materials using XFEM and
+ a discrete damage zone model}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{55}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{1-26}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{The modeling of progressive delamination by means of a discrete damage
+ zone model within the extended finite element method is investigated.
+ This framework allows for both bulk and interface damages to be
+ conveniently traced, regardless of the underlying mesh alignment. For
+ discrete interfaces, a new mixed-mode force-separation relation, which
+ accounts for the coupled interaction between opening and sliding modes,
+ is proposed. The model is based on the concept of Continuum Damage
+ Mechanics and is shown to be thermodynamically consistent. An
+ integral-type nonlocal damage is adopted in the bulk to regularize the
+ softening material response. The resulting nonlinear equations are
+ solved using a Newton scheme with a dissipation-based arc-length
+ constraint, for which an analytical Jacobian is derived. Several
+ benchmark delamination studies, as well as failure analyses of a
+ fiber/epoxy unit cell, are presented and discussed in detail. The
+ proposed model is validated against available analytical/experimental
+ data and is found to be robust and mesh insensitive.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Waisman, H (Reprint Author), Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn \& Engn Mech, 610 Seeley W Mudd Bldg,500 West 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA.
+ Wang, Yongxiang; Waisman, Haim, Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn \& Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00466-014-1079-0}},
+ISSN = {{0178-7675}},
+EISSN = {{1432-0924}},
+Keywords = {{Extended finite element method; Discrete interface; Cohesive crack;
+ Mixed-mode delamination; Nonlocal damage model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; COHESIVE-ZONE; CONCRETE STRUCTURES; CRACK-GROWTH;
+ NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; REINFORCED-CONCRETE;
+ INTERFACE ELEMENTS; BRITTLE MATERIALS; CONTINUUM DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{waisman@civil.columbia.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wang, Yongxiang/0000-0002-4156-9485}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{71}},
+Times-Cited = {{21}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{46}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AY0MP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000347290800001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000357351000004,
+Author = {Genikomsou, Aikaterini S. and Polak, Maria Anna},
+Title = {{Finite element analysis of punching shear of concrete slabs using
+ damaged plasticity model in ABAQUS}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{98}},
+Pages = {{38-48}},
+Month = {{SEP 1}},
+Abstract = {{Nonlinear finite element analyses of reinforced concrete slab-column
+ connections under static and pseudo-dynamic loadings were conducted to
+ investigate their failures modes in terms of ultimate load and cracking
+ patterns. The 3D finite element analyses (FEA) were performed with the
+ appropriate modeling of element size and mesh, and the constitutive
+ modeling of concrete. The material parameters of the damaged plasticity
+ model in ABAQUS were calibrated based on the test results of an interior
+ slab-column connection. The predictive capability of the calibrated
+ model was demonstrated by simulating different slab-column connections
+ without shear reinforcement. Interior slab-column specimens under static
+ loading, interior specimens under static and reversed cyclic loadings,
+ and edge specimens under static and horizontal loadings were examined.
+ The comparison between experimental and numerical results indicates that
+ the calibrated model properly predicts the punching shear response of
+ the slabs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Genikomsou, AS (Reprint Author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
+ Genikomsou, Aikaterini S.; Polak, Maria Anna, Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.04.016}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7323}},
+Keywords = {{Concrete slabs; Punching shear; Cracking pattern; Finite element method;
+ Damaged plasticity model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COLUMN CONNECTIONS; RETROFIT; BOLTS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{agenikom@uwaterloo.ca
+ polak@uwaterloo.ca}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada}},
+Funding-Text = {{The presented work has been supported by a Grant from the Natural
+ Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. The authors
+ are grateful for this support.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{19}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{45}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CM0EK}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000357351000004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000350825500006,
+Author = {Yang, Ruizhen and He, Yunze and Gao, Bin and Tian, Gui Yun and Peng,
+ Jianping},
+Title = {{Lateral heat conduction based eddy current thermography for detection of
+ parallel cracks and rail tread oblique cracks}},
+Journal = {{MEASUREMENT}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{66}},
+Pages = {{54-61}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Rail tread oblique crack, initiated by rolling contact fatigue (RCF)
+ damage, is one of the most significant phenomena and has serious
+ influence on rail industry. Electromagnetic non-destructive testing (EM
+ NDT) methods are usually used in rail regular inspection. However, the
+ conventional EM NDT methods based on eddy current field distribution are
+ difficult to detect the cracks parallel to the inductive coil (parallel
+ cracks) and natural oblique cracks. This paper studied lateral heat
+ conduction (LHC) induced by eddy current for detection of these defects.
+ The proposed method was verified through both numerical and experimental
+ studies as well as the investigation of characteristic of LHC. Due to
+ significant temperature gradient in the direction of lateral heat
+ conduction, the spatial derivative and gradient were proposed to improve
+ the defect detectability on the thermo-grams. Finally, the test of
+ natural oblique cracks on a rail was conducted to validate the proposed
+ methods. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yang, RZ (Reprint Author), Changsha Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Changsha 410022, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Yang, Ruizhen, Changsha Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Changsha 410022, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ He, Yunze, Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Mechatron Engn \& Automat, Changsha 410073, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Gao, Bin; Tian, Gui Yun, Univ Elect Sci \& Technol China, Sch Automat Engn, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
+ Peng, Jianping, Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Phys Sci \& Technol, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.measurement.2015.01.024}},
+ISSN = {{0263-2241}},
+EISSN = {{1873-412X}},
+Keywords = {{Eddy current thermography; Lateral heat conduction; Rail oblique crack;
+ Parallel crack}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CURRENT PULSED THERMOGRAPHY; ROLLING-CONTACT FATIGUE; BLIND SOURCE
+ SEPARATION; DEFECTS; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; SENSOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{xbaiyang@163.com
+ hejicker@gmail.com}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{He, Yunze/0000-0002-7081-8225
+ Yang, Ruizhen/0000-0003-4225-3797}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51408071, 51105396,
+ 51377015]; China Scholarship Council}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank the China Scholarship Council for
+ sponsoring Mr. Yunze He visiting to Newcastle University, UK. The work
+ was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
+ Nos. 51408071, 51105396 and 51377015).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{19}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Measurement}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CD1HL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000350825500006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000346836100004,
+Author = {Jahangir, Rezwan and Little, Dallas and Bhasin, Amit},
+Title = {{Evolution of asphalt binder microstructure due to tensile loading
+ determined using AFM and image analysis techniques}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{16}},
+Number = {{4}},
+Pages = {{337-349}},
+Month = {{APR 21}},
+Abstract = {{In this study atomic force microscopy (AFM) creep indentations were
+ performed to extract viscoelastic properties of the different domains
+ (defined as microrheology) observed in bitumen samples from two
+ different sources. The microrheology and geometry obtained using the AFM
+ were used to perform finite element (FE) simulations to study the effect
+ of bitumen microstructure on internal stress distribution. FE analyses
+ suggest that microstructures with varying mechanical properties cause
+ localised stress amplification that can lead to cracking/phase
+ separation. A custom-made loading frame in conjunction with an AFM was
+ used to examine the effects of tensile strain on bitumen microstructure.
+ FE simulation and experimental results show that applying strain
+ resulted in damage/phase separation concentrated in the interstitial
+ zone between neighbouring bee structures, defined as load-induced phase
+ separation. This study suggests that evaluating the bitumen
+ microstructure and microrheology is critical to understanding the
+ mechanisms of damage evolution in bitumen and engineering binders with
+ higher inherent durability.}},
+Publisher = {{TAYLOR \& FRANCIS LTD}},
+Address = {{4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bhasin, A (Reprint Author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural \& Environm Engn, 301 E Dean Keeton St Stop C1761, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
+ Jahangir, Rezwan, Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Little, Dallas, Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77802 USA.
+ Bhasin, Amit, Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural \& Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1080/10298436.2014.942863}},
+ISSN = {{1029-8436}},
+EISSN = {{1477-268X}},
+Keywords = {{microstructure; microrheology; finite element analysis; asphalt; AFM;
+ image analysis; micro scale response; load induced phase separation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; STRAIN DISTRIBUTION; CREEP; BITUMEN; MEMS;
+ NANOINDENTATION; FATIGUE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{a-bhasin@mail.utexas.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); NSF {[}CMMI-1053925]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is part of the research being undertaken by the Asphalt
+ Research Consortium (ARC) and is funded by the Federal Highway
+ Administration (FHWA). The authors would also like to acknowledge NSF
+ {[}grant number CMMI-1053925] for partially supporting this study.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{17}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{94}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Pavement Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AX3JQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000346836100004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000352250300002,
+Author = {Chen, Jianbin and Fang, Qihong and Li, Ping},
+Title = {{Effect of grinding wheel spindle vibration on surface roughness and
+ subsurface damage in brittle material grinding}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS \& MANUFACTURE}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{91}},
+Pages = {{12-23}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{The external interference and vibration can seriously affect the
+ machining errors in brittle materials grinding process. This paper
+ proposes a new model to analyze the relationship between surface
+ roughness (SR) and subsurface damage (SSD) depth on the basis of
+ grinding kinematics analysis and indentation fracture mechanics of
+ brittle materials taking the wheel spindle vibration into account. The
+ basic equations, for example, equations of grain trajectory and
+ penetration depth are derived in new forms. Based on the basic equations
+ above, the existing SR and SSD formulae are modified for further study.
+ The effects of grinding and vibration parameters on SR and SSD are
+ respectively analyzed in detail. Results show that both SR and SSD
+ increase with the increase of table speed and vibration amplitude
+ resulting in bad surface and subsurface quality. On the other hand, both
+ the increasing grinding speed and decreasing vibration frequency can
+ improve the quality of ground surface and subsurface with small SR and
+ SSD. In addition, the increase of initial grinding depth and vibration
+ initial phase increase the depth of SSD but have little effect on SR.
+ The penetration depth and distance between grain's tip and finished
+ surface are the two main factors considered to cause the different
+ effect laws on SR and SSD among these parameters. Experiment is carried
+ out to validate the rationality of proposed model. The effect trends of
+ various grinding parameters on SR obtained by our model consist with
+ measured experimental data. The typical subsurface crack system is
+ clearly revealed through the experimental observation on SSD using SEM.
+ Finally, the relationship between the two is fitted utilizing quadratic
+ polynomial. Results show that the SSD depth is nonlinear monotone
+ increasing with SR and the fitting accuracy is more or less affected by
+ both grinding and vibration parameters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fang, QH (Reprint Author), Hunan Univ, State Key Lab Adv Design \& Mfg Vehicle Body, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Chen, Jianbin; Fang, Qihong, Hunan Univ, State Key Lab Adv Design \& Mfg Vehicle Body, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Chen, Jianbin; Fang, Qihong; Li, Ping, Hunan Univ, Coll Mech \& Vehicle Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Li, Ping, Hunan Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr High Efficiency Grinding, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2015.01.003}},
+ISSN = {{0890-6955}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2170}},
+Keywords = {{Surface roughness; Subsurface damage; Grinding; Wheel vibration; Optical
+ glass}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{OPTICAL-GLASS BK7; MATERIAL REMOVAL MECHANISMS; UNDEFORMED CHIP
+ THICKNESS; FUSED-SILICA PARTS; ANALYTICAL-MODEL; CRACK DEPTH; CERAMICS;
+ CHATTER; MICROFRACTURE; SUPPRESSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{fangqh1327@hnu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}11172094, 11372103,
+ 11172095]; Hunan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young
+ Scholars {[}2015JJ1006]; Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation, China
+ {[}141005]; Interdisciplinary Research Project of Hunan University;
+ Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation {[}CX2014B154]; {[}NCET-11-0122]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to deeply appreciate the support from the
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (11172094, 11372103 and
+ 11172095), the NCET-11-0122, the Hunan Provincial Science Fund for
+ Distinguished Young Scholars (2015JJ1006), the Fok Ying-Tong Education
+ Foundation, China (141005), the Interdisciplinary Research Project of
+ Hunan University and the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation For
+ Postgraduate (CX2014B154).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{64}},
+Times-Cited = {{17}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{45}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CF0QW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000352250300002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000348085500039,
+Author = {Lee, Chi-Seung and Kim, Jeong-Hyeon and Kim, Seul-kee and Ryu, Dong-Man
+ and Lee, Jae-Myung},
+Title = {{Initial and progressive failure analyses for composite laminates using
+ Puck failure criterion and damage-coupled finite element method}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{121}},
+Pages = {{406-419}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{In the present study, an evaluation method for the initial and
+ progressive failure of composite laminates was proposed based on the
+ Puck failure criterion and damage mechanics, respectively. In other
+ words, the initial failure (crack initiation in the fiber and/or matrix)
+ and progressive failure (crack growth in the fiber and/or matrix) were
+ evaluated using the Puck failure criterion, and fiber- and
+ matrix-dependent damage variables, respectively. In addition, the ABAQUS
+ user-defined subroutine UMAT was developed based on coupling theories
+ for the failure criterion and damage mechanics in order to efficiently
+ analyze the progressive failure phenomenon in glass/carbon
+ fiber-reinforced composite laminates. The developed subroutine was
+ applied to the failure of industrial composite laminates, and the
+ analysis results were compared to the experimental/numerical results
+ previously reported in the literature. This comparative study confirmed
+ that the simulation results were in good agreement with the reported
+ composite failure results. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lee, JM (Reprint Author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Naval Architecture \& Ocean Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea.
+ Lee, Chi-Seung; Kim, Jeong-Hyeon; Kim, Seul-kee; Ryu, Dong-Man; Lee, Jae-Myung, Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Naval Architecture \& Ocean Engn, Pusan 609735, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.11.011}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{Composite laminates; Puck failure criterion; Damage mechanics;
+ Progressive failure; ABAQUS user-defined subroutine}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; DEFINED MATERIAL SUBROUTINE; GAS INSULATION
+ SYSTEM; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES; MODEL;
+ IMPLEMENTATION; BEHAVIOR; JOINTS; HOLES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{jaemlee@pusan.ac.kr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Lee, Jae-Myung/0000-0002-8096-4306}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Education (MOE); National Research Foundation of Korea
+ {[}NRF-2013H1B8A2078346]; Basic Science Research Program through the
+ National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education
+ {[}2014R1A1A2006102]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Education
+ (MOE) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2013H1B8A2078346)
+ through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation
+ (2013 Pilot Project). In addition, this research was supported by Basic
+ Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of
+ Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2014R1A1A2006102).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AZ2TP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000348085500039}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000349882100003,
+Author = {Ghafoori, E. and Motavalli, M. and Nussbaumer, A. and Herwig, A. and
+ Prinz, G. S. and Fontana, M.},
+Title = {{Determination of minimum CFRP pre-stress levels for fatigue crack
+ prevention in retrofitted metallic beams}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{84}},
+Pages = {{29-41}},
+Month = {{FEB 1}},
+Abstract = {{The majority of fatigue strengthening studies focus on reducing
+ propagation rates of existing cracks, ignoring the crack initiation
+ stage. Many existing metallic bridge members however do not contain
+ existing cracks, but rather are nearing their design fatigue life.
+ Limited research exists on the prevention of crack initiation using
+ carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. In this paper,
+ constant life diagrams (CLDs) are used to determine the minimum level of
+ CFRP pre-stress required to indefinitely extend the fatigue life of
+ existing metallic beams. It is shown that by applying a compressive
+ force to an existing fatigue-susceptible detail using pre-stressed CFRP
+ plates, the mean stress level can be reduced such that the detail is
+ shifted from the `finite life' regime to the `infinite life' regime. The
+ proposed fatigue strengthening approach is advantageous particularly
+ when the stress history from the prior traffic loadings is not known. To
+ validate the proposed method, a pre-stressed un-bonded CFRP
+ reinforcement system is introduced and tested on four metallic beams.
+ The proposed un-bonded CFRP system is advantageous over traditional
+ bonded CFRP systems as it can be applied to rough or obstructed surfaces
+ (surfaces containing rivet heads or corrosion pitting for example).
+ Additionally, the new un-bonded CFRP system offers a fast on-site
+ installation (no glue and surface preparation are required) and an
+ adaptive pre-stress level. Experimental results show that strengthening
+ using pre-stressed CFRP plates are capable of shifting the working
+ stresses from a finite fatigue-life zone to an infinite fatigue-life
+ zone preventing crack initiation. Although according to many structural
+ standards, the stress range is the main parameter that affects the
+ fatigue life of a metallic detail, the results of this study clearly
+ show that the mean stress level also plays a significant rule in the
+ detail fatigue life. Based on the proposed CLD approach in this paper,
+ the combined effects of the stress range and mean stress level can be
+ taken into account for prediction of fatigue life of metallic members.
+ (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ghafoori, E (Reprint Author), Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci \& Technol, Struct Engn Res Lab, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ Ghafoori, E.; Motavalli, M.; Herwig, A., Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci \& Technol, Struct Engn Res Lab, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ Nussbaumer, A., EPFL, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Steel Struct Lab ICOM, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
+ Prinz, G. S., Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
+ Ghafoori, E.; Fontana, M., ETHZ, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich, Inst Struct Engn IBK, Zurich, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.11.017}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7323}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue damage prevention; Mean stress influence; Constant life diagram
+ (CLD); Fatigue crack; Metallic beams; Pre-stressed carbon fiber
+ reinforced; polymer (CFRP); Strengthening; Steel}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PLATES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{elyas.ghafoori@empa.ch}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ghafoori, Elyas/0000-0002-4924-0668}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Swiss Commission of Technology and Innovation (CTI) {[}12993.1 PFIW-IW];
+ SAMP;P Clever Reinforcement AG Company; Swiss Federal Railways (SBB)}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study was funded by the Swiss Commission of Technology and
+ Innovation (CTI) (Grant No. 12993.1 PFIW-IW). Financial and
+ technological support from S\&P Clever Reinforcement AG Company and the
+ Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) are also acknowledged. Furthermore, the
+ authors would like to thank Prof. Xiao-Ling Zhao from Monash University,
+ Australia, for his helpful comments on this study while he was visiting
+ Empa.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{8}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CB8LW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000349882100003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000348627800003,
+Author = {Tangwarodomnukun, V. and Likhitangsuwat, P. and Tevinpibanphan, O. and
+ Dumkum, C.},
+Title = {{Laser ablation of titanium alloy under a thin and flowing water layer}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS \& MANUFACTURE}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{89}},
+Pages = {{14-28}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Underwater laser ablation has become an alternative machining process
+ that is able to reduce the thermal damage in work materials caused by
+ lasers. However, the disturbance of water to the laser beam is a crucial
+ concern for the ablation performance in water and cut surface quality
+ obtained. In this study, a new laser ablation technique has been
+ proposed, in which a waterjet was applied to impinge the top workpiece
+ surface in order to form a thin and flowing water layer. With the assist
+ of such water layer during the laser ablation, the redeposition and
+ heat-affected zone can be minimized. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) selected
+ as a work sample was grooved by using a nanosecond-pulse laser under
+ different machining conditions. The cut geometry and heat-affected zone
+ were observed and analyzed to justify the process performance. The
+ metallurgical change and cracks that occurred on and underneath the
+ groove surface were also investigated in this study. The experimental
+ results revealed that a clean cut with less thermal damage can be
+ obtained when the workpiece was ablated by a laser under the flowing
+ water layer. In addition, a narrower and deeper groove can be fabricated
+ when a higher waterjet flow rate was applied. The laser ablation under
+ the flowing water layer developed in this study could be a potential
+ method for machining titanium alloy or even other thermal-sensitive
+ materials. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tangwarodomnukun, V (Reprint Author), King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi, Dept Prod Engn, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
+ Tangwarodomnukun, V.; Likhitangsuwat, P.; Tevinpibanphan, O.; Dumkum, C., King Mongkuts Univ Technol Thonburi, Dept Prod Engn, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2014.10.013}},
+ISSN = {{0890-6955}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2170}},
+Keywords = {{Laser; Ablation; Heat-affected zone; Titanium alloy; Underwater}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; FEMTOSECOND LASER; SILICON; DRY;
+ ENVIRONMENT; PARAMETERS; SURFACE; LIQUID}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{viboon.tan@kmutt.ac.th}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi}},
+Funding-Text = {{This project was financially supported by the Faculty of Engineering,
+ King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi under the 2013-2015
+ Research Strengthening Scheme.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CA0SX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000348627800003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000346541800002,
+Author = {Zinszner, J. L. and Forquin, P. and Rossiquet, G.},
+Title = {{Experimental and numerical analysis of the dynamic fragmentation in a
+ SiC ceramic under impact}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{76}},
+Pages = {{9-19}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Silicon carbide ceramics are generally used in armour configurations for
+ the foot-soldier or military vehicles. However, their behaviour during
+ impact is not fully understood. In this work, the dynamic fragmentation
+ of silicon carbide has been characterised through different impact
+ configurations: Edge-on impact tests and normal impact tests have been
+ conducted in open and sarcophagus configuration. In the first
+ configuration, an ultra-high speed camera is used to visualise the
+ fragmentation process with an interframe time set to 1 pis. The
+ sarcophagus configuration provides a post-mortem view of the damage
+ pattern. Moreover, a comparison with numerical results given by an
+ anisotropic damage model shows a good capacity to predict the damage
+ patterns and the cracking densities of the ceramic after impact but also
+ the damage kinetics observed during impact. In addition, an original
+ impact configuration is proposed for characterising the dynamic
+ behaviour of a pre-fragmented ceramic. The tests have been compared to
+ experiments performed with a plane aluminium alloy target. The results
+ underline the good penetration resistance of the fragmented ceramic. (C)
+ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Forquin, P (Reprint Author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Sols Solides Struct Risques 3SR, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France.
+ Zinszner, J. L., Univ Lorraine, Lab Etud Microstruct \& Mecan Mat LEM3, F-57045 Metz 1, France.
+ Zinszner, J. L., CEA, DAM, GRAMAT, F-46500 Gramat, France.
+ Forquin, P., Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Sols Solides Struct Risques L3SR, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France.
+ Rossiquet, G., St Gobain CREE, Lab Synth \& Fonctionnalisat Ceram, F-84306 Cavaillon, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.07.007}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3509}},
+Keywords = {{Fragmentation; Ceramic; Silicon carbide; Impact; DFH damage model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SILICON-CARBIDE; BRITTLE MATERIALS; DAMAGE MODEL; MICROCRACKING;
+ PENETRATION; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; DESIGN; ARMOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{pascal.forquin@3sr-grenoble.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Forquin, Pascal/0000-0003-0730-5483}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission); DGA
+ (French General Delegation for Armament); Saint-Gobain CREE}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work has been performed with the financial support of the CEA
+ (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission) and of the
+ DGA (French General Delegation for Armament) and was sponsored by
+ Saint-Gobain CREE. The support of these organisations is gratefully
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{44}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AW8XD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000346541800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000349272300007,
+Author = {Ferjaoui, A. and Yue, T. and Wahab, M. Abdel and Hojjati-Talemi, R.},
+Title = {{Prediction of fretting fatigue crack initiation in double lap bolted
+ joint using Continuum Damage Mechanics}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{73}},
+Pages = {{66-76}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{In fretting fatigue, the combination of small oscillatory motion, normal
+ pressure and cyclic axial loading develops a noticeable stress
+ concentration at the contact zone leading to accumulation of damage in
+ fretted region, which produces micro cracks, and consequently forms a
+ leading crack that can lead to failure. In fretting fatigue experiments,
+ it is very difficult to detect the crack initiation phase. Damages and
+ cracks are always hidden between the counterpart surfaces. Therefore,
+ numerical modeling techniques for analyzing fretting fatigue crack
+ initiation provide a precious tool to study this phenomenon. This
+ article gives an insight in fretting fatigue crack initiation. This is
+ done by means of an experimental set up and numerical models developed
+ with the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software package ABAQUS. Using
+ Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) approach in conjunction with FEA, an
+ uncoupled damage evolution law is used to model fretting fatigue crack
+ initiation lifetime of Double Bolted Lap Joint (DBLJ). The predicted
+ fatigue lifetimes are in good agreement with the experimentally measured
+ ones. This comparison provides insight to the contribution of damage
+ initiation and crack propagation in the total fatigue lifetime of DBLJ
+ test specimens. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wahab, MA (Reprint Author), Univ Ghent, Fac Engn \& Architecture, Dept Mech Construct \& Prod, Technol Pk Zwijnaarde 903, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
+ Ferjaoui, A.; Yue, T.; Wahab, M. Abdel; Hojjati-Talemi, R., Univ Ghent, Fac Engn \& Architecture, Dept Mech Construct \& Prod, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.11.012}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3452}},
+Keywords = {{Fretting fatigue; Crack initiation; Continuum Damage Mechanics; Finite
+ Element Analysis; Double Bolted Lap Joint}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ALUMINUM-ALLOY; LIFETIME}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{Magd.AbdelWahab@UGent.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Abdel Wahab, Magd/K-4296-2015}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Chinese Scholarship Council; Ghent University (Bijzonder
+ Onderzoeksfonds) {[}BOF 01N02410]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Chinese Scholarship
+ Council and Special Funding of Ghent University (Bijzonder
+ Onderzoeksfonds), in the framework of BOF project BOF 01N02410.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CA9VG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000349272300007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000349889700007,
+Author = {Peng, Ruidong and Ju, Yang and Wang, J. G. and Xie, Heping and Gao, Feng
+ and Mao, Lingtao},
+Title = {{Energy Dissipation and Release During Coal Failure Under Conventional
+ Triaxial Compression}},
+Journal = {{ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{48}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{509-526}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that energy
+ dissipation and release play an important role in the deformation and
+ failure of coal rocks. To determine the relationship between energy
+ transformation and coal failure, the mechanical behaviors of coal
+ specimens taken from a 600-m deep mine were investigated by conventional
+ triaxial compression tests using five different confining pressures.
+ Each coal specimen was scanned by microfocus computed tomography before
+ and after testing to examine the crack patterns. Sieve analysis was used
+ to measure the post-failure coal fragments, and a fractal model was
+ developed for describing the size distribution of the fragments. Based
+ on the test results, a damage evolution model of the rigidity
+ degeneration of coal before the peak strength was also developed and
+ used to determine the initial damage and critical damage variables. It
+ was found that the peak strength increased with increasing confining
+ pressure, but the critical damage variable was almost invariant. More
+ new cracks were initiated in the coal specimens when there was no
+ confining pressure or the pressure was too high. The parameters of
+ failure energy ratio beta and stress drop coefficient alpha are further
+ proposed to describe the failure mode of coal under different confining
+ pressures. The test results revealed that beta was approximately
+ linearly related to the fractal dimension of the coal fragments and that
+ a higher failure energy ratio corresponded to a larger fractal dimension
+ and more severe failure. The stress drop coefficient alpha decreased
+ approximately exponentially with increasing confining pressure, and
+ could be used to appropriately describe the evolution of the coal
+ failure mode from brittle to ductile with increasing confining pressure.
+ A large beta and small alpha under a high confining pressure were
+ noticed during the tests, which implied that the failure of the coal was
+ a kind of pseudo-ductile failure. Brittle failure occurred when the
+ confining pressure was unloaded-an observation that is important for the
+ safety assessment of deep mines, where a high in situ stress might
+ result in brittle failure of the coal seam, or sudden outburst.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER WIEN}},
+Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Peng, RD (Reprint Author), China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Coal Resources \& Safe Min, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
+ Peng, Ruidong; Ju, Yang; Mao, Lingtao, China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Coal Resources \& Safe Min, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
+ Ju, Yang; Wang, J. G.; Gao, Feng, China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Xuzhou 221116, Peoples R China.
+ Wang, J. G., Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech \& Chem Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
+ Xie, Heping, Sichuan Univ, Coll Hydraul \& Hydroelect Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00603-014-0602-0}},
+ISSN = {{0723-2632}},
+EISSN = {{1434-453X}},
+Keywords = {{Coal; Triaxial compression; Computed tomography image; Failure; Damage
+ variable; Energy dissipation; Energy release}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE MODEL; ROCK MASS; EVOLUTION; MECHANICS; DEFORMATION; CONCRETE;
+ GEOMATERIALS; SIMULATION; STRENGTH; STRESSES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{prd@cumtb.edu.cn
+ juy@cumtb.edu.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Wang, J.G./K-2926-2013
+ Peng, Ruidong/F-5432-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wang, J.G./0000-0003-2988-7867
+ Peng, Ruidong/0000-0003-2926-183X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Basic Research Program of China {[}2010CB226804, 2011CB201201];
+ National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of China
+ {[}51125017]; National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}10802092];
+ Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
+ {[}NCET-12-0966]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
+ Universities {[}2009QM03]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study was financially supported by the National Basic Research
+ Program of China (Nos. 2010CB226804 and 2011CB201201), the National
+ Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of China (Grant
+ No. 51125017), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.
+ 10802092), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
+ (No. NCET-12-0966), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
+ Universities (No. 2009QM03).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{72}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Rock Mech. Rock Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CB8ON}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000349889700007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000350943900010,
+Author = {Shao, Shishi and Ranjith, P. G. and Wasantha, P. L. P. and Chen, B. K.},
+Title = {{Experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical behaviour of
+ Australian Strathbogie granite at high temperatures: An application to
+ geothermal energy}},
+Journal = {{GEOTHERMICS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{54}},
+Pages = {{96-108}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The effect of temperature on the mechanical behaviour of Strathbogie
+ granite (fine-grained) was studied under unconfined stress conditions.
+ Fracturing behaviour of test specimens was studied using an acoustic
+ emission (AE) detection system and some crack propagation was also
+ performed using electron microscopy scanning (SEM). The stress-strain
+ curves showed plastic and post-peak behaviour for temperatures above 800
+ degrees C and the brittle-plastic transition was observed to occur
+ between 600 and 800 degrees C for the uniaxially tested Strathbogie
+ granite at a strain rate of 0.1 mm/min and room humidity. Specimens were
+ heated at a rate of 5 degrees C/min with a 1 h holding period before
+ testing. The AE results showed that the increasing temperature reduces
+ the stress thresholds for crack initiation and crack damage and extends
+ the duration of stable crack propagation. Prevalence of ductile
+ properties with increasing temperature was also observed from AE
+ results. The stress-strain and AE results reveal that the failure modes
+ of Strathbogie granite specimens changed from brittle fracturing to
+ quasi-brittle shear fracturing and eventually to ductile failure with
+ increasing temperature. Temperature was observed to influence the colour
+ of granite, and the initial white/grey colour changed to an oxidated
+ reddish colour with increasing temperature. The stress-strain data of
+ tested specimens were incorporated into a finite element model (ABAQUS
+ 6.7.1), so that both plastic and ductile behaviour of the Strathbogie
+ granite could be predicted over a wide range of temperatures. (C) 2014
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ranjith, PG (Reprint Author), Monash Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Deep Earth Energy Res Lab, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia.
+ Shao, Shishi; Ranjith, P. G.; Wasantha, P. L. P., Monash Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Deep Earth Energy Res Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia.
+ Chen, B. K., Monash Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.11.005}},
+ISSN = {{0375-6505}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3576}},
+Keywords = {{Geothermal; Granite; Brittle-plastic; High temperature}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; PROPAGATION THRESHOLDS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ROCKS;
+ TRANSITION; PRESSURE; STRESS; MICROSTRUCTURES; DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Energy \& Fuels; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Energy \& Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ranjith.pg@monash.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Ranjith, PG/F-1603-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ranjith, PG/0000-0003-0094-7141}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Geothermics}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CD2YC}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000350943900010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000345520000080,
+Author = {Zhang, J. W. and Wang, G. Z. and Xuan, F. Z. and Tu, S. T.},
+Title = {{The influence of stress-regime dependent creep model and ductility in
+ the prediction of creep crack growth rate in Cr-Mo-V steel}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS \& DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{65}},
+Pages = {{644-651}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, the stress-regime dependent creep model and ductility
+ have been implemented in a ductility exhaustion based damage model, and
+ their influence on creep crack growth (CCG) behavior of materials have
+ been analyzed. By using the stress-regime dependent creep model and
+ ductility, the CCG rate in a Cr-Mo-V steel over a wide range of C{*} has
+ been predicted by finite element analyses. The predicted CCG rates agree
+ with the available experimental data in the literature. The analysis
+ results show that with increasing C{*}, the creep model and ductility
+ for determining crack-tip creep damage accumulation change from the
+ low-stress regime model and ductility through a combination of low- and
+ high-stress regime model and ductility to high-stress regime model and
+ ductility. These changes lead to the line segments of the da/dt-C{*}
+ curves. In CCG life analyses and designs of high temperature components,
+ the stress-regime dependent creep model and ductility need to be used.
+ (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wang, GZ (Reprint Author), E China Univ Sci \& Technol, Key Lab Pressurized Syst \& Safety, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.
+ Zhang, J. W.; Wang, G. Z.; Xuan, F. Z.; Tu, S. T., E China Univ Sci \& Technol, Key Lab Pressurized Syst \& Safety, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.matdes.2014.09.070}},
+ISSN = {{0264-1275}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4197}},
+Keywords = {{Creep crack growth rate; Creep model; Creep ductility; Stress-regime;
+ Chromium alloy steel}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FAILURE SIMULATIONS; SPECIMEN SIZE; BEHAVIOR; 316H; MECHANISMS;
+ CONSTRAINT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{gzwang@ecust.edu.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{xuan, fu-zhen/L-5683-2016}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51375165, 51325504]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was financially supported by the Projects of the National
+ Natural Science Foundation of China (51375165, 51325504).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{29}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AU3NI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000345520000080}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000364917900015,
+Author = {Djukic, M. B. and Zeravcic, V. Sijacki and Bakic, G. M. and Sedmak, A.
+ and Rajicic, B.},
+Title = {{Hydrogen damage of steels: A case study and hydrogen embrittlement model}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{58}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{485-498}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Note = {{20th European Conference on Fracture (ECF), Trondheim, NORWAY, JUN
+ 30-JUL 04, 2014}},
+Organization = {{European Struct Integr Soc}},
+Abstract = {{Many efforts have been made to understand the effects of hydrogen on
+ steels, resulting in an abundance of theoretical models and papers.
+ However, a fully developed and practically applicable predictive
+ physical model still does not exist industrially for predicting and
+ preventing hydrogen damage. In practice, it is observed that different
+ types of damages to industrial boiler components have been associated
+ with the presence and localization of hydrogen in metals. In this paper,
+ a damaged boiler tube made of grade 20 - St. 20 (or 20G, equivalent to
+ AISI 1020) was investigated. The experimental research was conducted in
+ two distinctive phases: failure analysis of the boiler evaporator tube
+ sample and subsequent postmortem analysis of the viable hydrogen
+ embrittlement mechanisms (HE) in St. 20 steel. Numerous tested samples
+ were cut out from the boiler tubes of fossil fuel power plant, damaged
+ due to high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) during service, as a
+ result of the development of hydrogen-induced corrosion process. Samples
+ were prepared for the chemical composition analysis, tube wall thickness
+ measurement, tensile testing, hardness measurement, impact strength
+ testing (on instrumented Charpy machine), analysis of the chemical
+ composition of corrosion products - deposit and the microstructural
+ characterization by optical and scanning electron microscopy SEM/EDX.
+ The HTHA damage mechanism is a primary cause of boiler tube fracture.
+ Based on the multi-scale special model, applied in subsequent postmortem
+ investigations, the results indicate a simultaneous action of the
+ hydrogen-enhanced decohesion (HEDE) and hydrogen-enhanced localized
+ plasticity (HELP) mechanisms of HE, depending on the local concentration
+ of hydrogen in investigated steel. The model is based on the correlation
+ of mechanical properties to the SEM fractography analysis of fracture
+ surfaces. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Djukic, MB (Reprint Author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Mech Engn, Kraljice Marije 16, Belgrade 11120, Serbia.
+ Djukic, M. B.; Zeravcic, V. Sijacki; Bakic, G. M.; Sedmak, A.; Rajicic, B., Univ Belgrade, Fac Mech Engn, Belgrade 11120, Serbia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.05.017}},
+ISSN = {{1350-6307}},
+EISSN = {{1873-1961}},
+Keywords = {{Low carbon steel; Hydrogen-assisted cracking; Hydrogen embrittlement;
+ Fractography; Impact strength}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STAINLESS-STEELS; FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; METALS;
+ DEGRADATION; CRACKING; DEFECTS; STRESS; PIPES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{mdjukic@mas.bg.ac.rs}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Djukic, Milos/E-9477-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Djukic, Milos/0000-0002-9317-9032}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fail. Anal.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CW3UQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000364917900015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000355741200005,
+Author = {Classen, Martin and Herbrand, Martin},
+Title = {{Shear behaviour of composite dowels in transversely cracked concrete}},
+Journal = {{STRUCTURAL CONCRETE}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{16}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{195-206}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{In steel-concrete composite girders, innovative composite dowels can be
+ used to transfer the shear forces between the concrete slab and the
+ steel section. Today, composite dowels are predominately used in
+ engineering structures such as prefabricated composite bridges. However,
+ due to their ease of manufacture, good loadbearing and deformation
+ properties and suitability for slender concrete slabs, these composite
+ dowels are being used more than ever in building construction as well.
+ The present article describes shear tests on puzzle-shaped composite
+ dowels for slender concrete slabs with a depth of only 10 cm. Aside from
+ different reinforcement configurations, the influence of different
+ longitudinal stress states and transverse cracking in the concrete slab
+ have been investigated. In previous studies of the shear force capacity
+ of composite dowels, the influence of transverse cracking has been
+ neglected. However, our own experiments described in this paper show
+ that the shear capacity of composite dowels is significantly affected by
+ concrete cracking. In order to simulate the experiments performed and to
+ analyse the shear behaviour of the composite dowels in cracked and
+ uncracked concrete, a three-dimensional, non-linear finite element model
+ of the shear tests was set up. The results of both the experimental and
+ numerical investigations are summarized in this paper.}},
+Publisher = {{ERNST \& SOHN}},
+Address = {{ROTHERSTRASSE 21, BERLIN, DEUTSCHLAND 10245, GERMANY}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Classen, M (Reprint Author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Struct Concrete, Mies van der Rohe Str 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
+ Classen, Martin; Herbrand, Martin, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Struct Concrete, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/suco.201400100}},
+ISSN = {{1464-4177}},
+EISSN = {{1751-7648}},
+Keywords = {{steel-concrete composite construction; composite dowels; transverse
+ concrete cracking; shear test; finite element simulation; testing;
+ experiments; anchorage; general}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOAD-BEARING BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-DAMAGE MODEL; FLOOR SYSTEM; BEAMS;
+ SUSTAINABILITY; STEEL; CONNECTORS; OPENINGS; CHORDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{mclassen@imb.rwth-aachen.de
+ mherbrand@imb.rwth-aachen.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Classen, Martin/G-3126-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Classen, Martin/0000-0002-7763-8438}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Struct. Concr.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CJ8HQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000355741200005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000351083900003,
+Author = {Matthews, Manyalibo J. and Yang, Steven T. and Shen, Nan and Elhadj,
+ Selim and Raman, Rajesh N. and Guss, Gabe and Bass, Isaac L. and
+ Nostrand, Michael C. and Wegner, Paul J.},
+Title = {{Micro-Shaping, Polishing, and Damage Repair of Fused Silica Surfaces
+ Using Focused Infrared Laser Beams}},
+Journal = {{ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{17}},
+Number = {{3}},
+Pages = {{247-252}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Localized infrared (IR) laser heating of fused silica optics has proven
+ highly effective in reducing or removing surface flaws, which tend to
+ limit performance in high power laser systems. Here, we present both
+ simulation and experimental results to examine the use of IR laser light
+ to polish, anneal, and micro-shape fused silica surfaces used in high
+ power laser systems. We show how the resulting material response can be
+ tuned by considering the temperature-dependent optical constants of the
+ material and choosing the appropriate laser parameter set. For example,
+ non-evaporative laser polishing of glass surfaces to heal crack networks
+ is shown most effective when using mid-IR lasers, which lead to laser
+ energy coupling up to approximate to 1mm in depth. In contrast,
+ long-wave IR light tuned to the Restrahlen frequency of the material is
+ shown to evaporate material most efficiently with penetration depths of
+ <1m. Through calibrated, time-resolved thermal imaging we are able to
+ monitor the laser polishing process, to control material response. The
+ results of our studies can be applied beyond the practical application
+ of damage mitigation in high energy pulsed laser systems to any which
+ require laser-smoothing and shaping of silica surfaces.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH}},
+Address = {{BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Matthews, MJ (Reprint Author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
+ Matthews, Manyalibo J.; Yang, Steven T.; Shen, Nan; Elhadj, Selim; Raman, Rajesh N.; Guss, Gabe; Bass, Isaac L.; Nostrand, Michael C.; Wegner, Paul J., Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/adem.201400349}},
+ISSN = {{1438-1656}},
+EISSN = {{1527-2648}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-TEMPERATURES; RELAXATION; GLASS; RAMAN}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{ibo@llnl.gov}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{LLNL Lab-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) {[}08-ERD-057,
+ 11-ERD-026]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
+ Laboratory {[}DE-AC52-07NA27344]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by LLNL Lab-Directed Research and Development
+ (LDRD) grants 08-ERD-057 and 11-ERD-026. This work was performed under
+ the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore
+ National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Laboratory
+ assistance from N. Nielsen, B. Woods and D. Cooke is gratefully
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{19}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Adv. Eng. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CD4VS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000351083900003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000349880700003,
+Author = {Swolfs, Yentl and McMeeking, Robert M. and Verpoest, Ignaas and
+ Gorbatikh, Larissa},
+Title = {{Matrix cracks around fibre breaks and their effect on stress
+ redistribution and failure development in unidirectional composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{108}},
+Pages = {{16-22}},
+Month = {{FEB 25}},
+Abstract = {{Despite the crucial significance of failure prediction in composites,
+ such an objective remains challenging, even in unidirectional (UD)
+ systems. A strength model for UD composites was used that has great
+ versatility in handling various matrix and fibre behaviours. This model
+ includes a simplified superposition principle that was found to be
+ reliable in predicting stress concentration factors irrespective of the
+ presence of matrix cracks. The model revealed the negligible influence
+ of matrix cracks on stress concentrations, ineffective length, cluster
+ development and failure strain. The presence of matrix cracks can
+ therefore be safely neglected in models for UD composites. This
+ information is important for experimental validations and for advancing
+ the state of the art in strength models for UD composites. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Swolfs, Y (Reprint Author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Mat Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44 Bus 2450, Leuven, Belgium.
+ Swolfs, Yentl; Verpoest, Ignaas; Gorbatikh, Larissa, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Mat Engn, Leuven, Belgium.
+ McMeeking, Robert M., Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ McMeeking, Robert M., Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ McMeeking, Robert M., Univ Aberdeen, Kings Coll, Sch Engn, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.01.002}},
+ISSN = {{0266-3538}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1050}},
+Keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Matrix cracking; Stress
+ concentrations; Probabilistic methods}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; SHEAR-LAG; FIBROUS COMPOSITES;
+ INFLUENCE SUPERPOSITION; CFRP COMPOSITES; BROKEN FIBER; DAMAGE; MODEL;
+ EPOXY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{yentl.swolfs@mtm.kuleuven.be
+ rmcm@engineering.ucsb.edu
+ ignaas.verpoest@mtm.kuleuven.be
+ larissa.gorbatikh@mtm.kuleuven.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gorbatikh, Larissa/P-6702-2014
+ Swolfs, Yentl/F-6622-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Gorbatikh, Larissa/0000-0001-6575-3351
+ Swolfs, Yentl/0000-0001-7278-3022}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}246389]; Agency for Innovation by Science and
+ Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO Flanders; UCSB Center for Scientific
+ Computing at CNSI; UCSB MRL: an NSF MRSEC {[}DMR-1121053]; NSF
+ {[}CNS-0960316]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work leading to this publication has received funding from the
+ European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the
+ topic NMP-2009-2.5-1, as part of the project HIVOCOMP (Grant Agreement
+ No. 246389). The authors thank the Agency for Innovation by Science and
+ Technology in Flanders (IWT) for a PhD. grant and FWO Flanders for a
+ travel grant to Y. Swolfs. The authors also thank A.R. Melro and P.
+ Camanho for the permission to use their random fibre packing generator.
+ I. Verpoest holds the Toray Chair in Composite Materials at KU Leuven.
+ We acknowledge support from the UCSB Center for Scientific Computing at
+ CNSI, the UCSB MRL: an NSF MRSEC (DMR-1121053) and NSF Grant
+ CNS-0960316.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Sci. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CB8LI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000349880700003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000346852100039,
+Author = {Liang, Shaoxiong and Gning, Papa-Birame and Guillaumat, Laurent},
+Title = {{Quasi-static behaviour and damage assessment of flax/epoxy composites}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS \& DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{67}},
+Pages = {{344-353}},
+Month = {{FEB 15}},
+Abstract = {{Experimental investigations were conducted on flax and E-glass fibres
+ reinforced epoxy matrix composites subjected to quasi-static loadings.
+ Flax/epoxy samples having {[}0](12), {[}90](12), {[}0/90](3S) and {[}+/-
+ 45](3S) stacking sequences, with a fibre volume fraction of 43\% have
+ been tested under tension, compression and in-plane shear loadings.
+ Overall, the compression strength of glass/epoxy was 76\% greater than
+ for the flax/epoxy composite. The damage evolution of flax/epoxy of
+ {[}0/90](3S) and {[}+/- 45](3S) samples has been evaluated in terms of
+ transverse crack densities with respect to the load increment. The crack
+ density exhibited a classical ``S{''} shaped pattern for {[}0/90](3S)
+ and linearly for {[}+/- 45](3S) specimens versus the applied load. The
+ final crack densities were respectively of 32/cm and 25/cm for the
+ {[}0/90](3S) and {[}+/- 45](3S) samples. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Liang, SX (Reprint Author), Arts \& Metiers ParisTech, LAMPA, F-49100 Angers, France.
+ Liang, Shaoxiong; Gning, Papa-Birame, Univ Bourgogne, DRIVE ISAT, F-58027 Nevers, France.
+ Liang, Shaoxiong; Guillaumat, Laurent, Arts \& Metiers ParisTech, LAMPA, F-49100 Angers, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.matdes.2014.11.048}},
+ISSN = {{0264-1275}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4197}},
+Keywords = {{Flax fibres; E-glass fibres; Polymer-matrix composites; Mechanical
+ properties; Damage mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FLAX-FIBERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE BEHAVIOR; EPOXY COMPOSITES;
+ REINFORCED EPOXY; GLASS-FIBERS; FAILURE; CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{shaoxiong.liang@ensam.eu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{FABER fund from the Bourgogne Region, France}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial support of the FABER fund from the Bourgogne Region,
+ France is gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AX3PT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000346852100039}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000345111200015,
+Author = {Thiagarajan, Ganesh and Kadambi, Anirudha V. and Robert, Stephen and
+ Johnson, Carol F.},
+Title = {{Experimental and finite element analysis of doubly reinforced concrete
+ slabs subjected to blast loads}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Pages = {{162-173}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents research on the response and behavior of both high
+ strength concrete (107 MPa) and normal strength concrete (27.6 MPa)
+ slabs doubly reinforced with high strength low alloy vanadium (HSLA-V)
+ reinforcement (VR) and conventional steel reinforcing bars (NR)
+ subjected to explosive loads. Four types of reinforced concrete (RC)
+ slabs namely High Strength Concrete (HSC) with HSLA-V Steel Reinforcing
+ bars (HSC-VR), High Strength Concrete with Conventional Steel
+ Reinforcing bars (HSC-NR), Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) with HSLA-V
+ Steel Reinforcing bars (NSC-VR), and Normal Strength Concrete with
+ Conventional Steel Reinforcing bars (NSC-NR) have been studied and
+ compared both experimentally and numerically. The slabs were subjected
+ to blast loads using a shock tube capable of generating both positive
+ and negative phase pressures. Data collected during the dynamic
+ experiments consisted of reflected pressure obtained from several
+ pressure gages arranged along the perimeter of the test article and
+ mid-span deflections captured from an accelerometer, a laser device, and
+ high speed video. The numerical analysis was performed with the
+ commercial program LS-DYNA using two material models. The concrete
+ material models considered were Winfrith Concrete Model (WCM) and
+ Concrete Damage Model Release 3 (CDMR3). Results from the numerical
+ simulation are compared with the experimental values to determine
+ material parameters and other finite element model related constraints.
+ Mesh sensitivity and crack propagation studies were also conducted. From
+ this study it was observed that CDMR3 and WCM can be used over a wider
+ range of concrete compressive strengths. The advantages and
+ disadvantages of using high strength materials are discussed. (C) 2014
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Thiagarajan, G (Reprint Author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, 352 Flarsheim Hall,5100 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
+ Thiagarajan, Ganesh; Kadambi, Anirudha V., Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
+ Robert, Stephen; Johnson, Carol F., US Army Engineer Res \& Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.07.018}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3509}},
+Keywords = {{Blast loading; Reinforced concrete slab; Experimental data; Finite
+ element simulation; High strength materials}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MATERIAL MODEL; PERFORATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{ganesht@umkc.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AT7JB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000345111200015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000347502100024,
+Author = {Yu, Linwen and Francois, Raoul and Vu Hiep Dang and L'Hostis, Valerie
+ and Gagne, Richard},
+Title = {{Development of chloride-induced corrosion in pre-cracked RC beams under
+ sustained loading: Effect of load-induced cracks, concrete cover, and
+ exposure conditions}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{67}},
+Pages = {{246-258}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper deals with corrosion initiation and propagation in
+ pre-cracked reinforced concrete beams under sustained loading during
+ exposure to a chloride environment. Specimen beams that were cast in
+ 2010 were compared to specimens cast in 1984. The only differences
+ between the two sets of beams were the casting direction in relation to
+ tensile reinforcement and the exposure conditions in the salt-fog
+ chamber. The cracking maps, corrosion maps, chloride profiles, and
+ cross-sectional loss of one group of two beams cast in 2010 were studied
+ and their calculated corrosion rates were compared to that of beams cast
+ in 1984 in order to investigate the factors influencing the natural
+ corrosion process. Experimental results show that, after rapid
+ initiation of corrosion at the crack tip, the corrosion process
+ practically halted and the time elapsing before corrosion resumed
+ depended on the exposure conditions and cover depth. (C) 2014 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Francois, R (Reprint Author), INSA Genie Civil, LMDC, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France.
+ Yu, Linwen; Francois, Raoul, Univ Toulouse, UPS, INSA, LMDC, Toulouse, France.
+ Vu Hiep Dang, Hanoi Architectural Univ, Fac Civil Engn, Hanoi, Vietnam.
+ L'Hostis, Valerie, CEA Saclay, CEA, DEN, DPC,SECR,Lab Etud Comportement Betons \& Argiles, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
+ Yu, Linwen; Gagne, Richard, Univ Sherbrooke, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.10.007}},
+ISSN = {{0008-8846}},
+EISSN = {{1873-3948}},
+Keywords = {{Corrosion; Chloride; Reinforcement}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCEMENT CORROSION; STEEL; DIFFUSION; WIDTH; PENETRATION;
+ PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{raoul.francois@insa-toulouse.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{francois, raoul/G-4900-2011
+ YU, Linwen/C-2322-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{francois, raoul/0000-0002-9090-8711
+ YU, Linwen/0000-0002-3360-2484}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Res.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AY3SF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000347502100024}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000362920100033,
+Author = {He, C. G. and Huang, Y. B. and Ma, L. and Guo, J. and Wang, W. J. and
+ Liu, Q. Y. and Zhu, M. H.},
+Title = {{Experimental investigation on the effect of tangential force on wear and
+ rolling contact fatigue behaviors of wheel material}},
+Journal = {{TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{92}},
+Pages = {{307-316}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{The study aims to explore the effect of tangential force on wear and
+ rolling contact fatigue (RCF) behaviors of wheel material using a JD-1
+ wheel/rail simulation facility. The normal, tangential and lateral
+ forces between the wheel/rail rollers are controlled, and the magnetic
+ power brake was used to generate the tangential forces (16-330 N). The
+ results indicate that the surface hardness and wear loss of wheel
+ rollers increase with the tangential force increasing. The surface
+ cracks mouths are perpendicular to the resultant directions of the
+ frictional forces. There are visible secondary cracks and multilayer
+ cracks and the interlayer material of multilayer cracks are easy to
+ break. The compositions of wear debris consist of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and
+ iron.(C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wang, WJ (Reprint Author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Tribol Res Inst, State Key Lab Tract Power, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
+ He, C. G.; Huang, Y. B.; Ma, L.; Guo, J.; Wang, W. J.; Liu, Q. Y.; Zhu, M. H., Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Tribol Res Inst, State Key Lab Tract Power, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.triboint.2015.07.012}},
+ISSN = {{0301-679X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2464}},
+Keywords = {{Wheel material; Tangential force; Wear; Rolling contact fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RAILWAY WHEELS; DAMAGE; ADHESION; CRACKS; MODEL; PREDICTION; VALIDATION;
+ GROWTH; SLIP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{wwj527@swjtu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51475393, 51275430];
+ Innovative Research Teams in University {[}IRT1178]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China (Nos. 51475393 51275430) and Innovative Research Teams in
+ University (No. IRT1178).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{33}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Tribol. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CT6JU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000362920100033}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000369433300003,
+Author = {Bobaru, Florin and Zhang, Guanfeng},
+Title = {{Why do cracks branch? A peridynamic investigation of dynamic brittle
+ fracture}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{196}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{59-98}},
+Month = {{NOV}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper we review the peridynamic model for brittle fracture and
+ use it to investigate crack branching in brittle homogeneous and
+ isotropic materials. The peridynamic simulations offer a possible
+ explanation for the generation of dynamic instabilities in dynamic
+ brittle crack growth and crack branching. We focus on two systems, glass
+ and homalite, often used in crack branching experiments. After a brief
+ review of theoretical and computational models on crack branching, we
+ discuss the peridynamic model for dynamic fracture in linear
+ elastic-brittle materials. Three loading types are used to investigate
+ the role of stress waves interactions on crack propagation and
+ branching. We analyze the influence of sample geometry on branching.
+ Simulation results are compared with experimental ones in terms of crack
+ patterns, propagation speed at branching and branching angles. The
+ peridynamic results indicate that as stress intensity around the crack
+ tip increases, stress waves pile-up against the material directly in
+ front of the crack tip that moves against the advancing crack; this
+ process ``deflects{''} the strain energy away from the symmetry line and
+ into the crack surfaces creating damage away from the crack line. This
+ damage ``migration{''}, seen as roughness on the crack surface in
+ experiments, modifies, in turn, the strain energy landscape around the
+ crack tip and leads to preferential crack growth directions that branch
+ from the original crack line. We argue that nonlocality of damage growth
+ is one key feature in modeling of the crack branching phenomenon in
+ brittle fracture. The results show that, at least to first order, no
+ ingredients beyond linear elasticity and a capable damage model are
+ necessary to explain/predict crack branching in brittle homogeneous and
+ isotropic materials.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bobaru, F (Reprint Author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
+ Bobaru, Florin; Zhang, Guanfeng, Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-015-0056-8}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+EISSN = {{1573-2673}},
+Keywords = {{Dynamic fracture; Crack branching; Brittle fracture; Peridynamics;
+ Nonlocal methods}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{IMPACT DAMAGE; ADAPTIVE REFINEMENT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PROPAGATING
+ CRACKS; FIELD DESCRIPTION; MESHFREE METHOD; MODEL; INSTABILITIES;
+ MECHANICS; SOLIDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{fbobaru2@unl.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bobaru, Florin/0000-0002-9954-6489}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{ARO/ARL {[}W911NF1010431]; AFOSR's MURI Center for Material Failure
+ Prediction Through Peridynamics}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research has been supported by ARO/ARL (Grant Number
+ W911NF1010431), program manager Dr. Asher Rubinstein (ARO) and Dr.
+ Chian-Fong Yen (ARL), and by the AFOSR's MURI Center for Material
+ Failure Prediction Through Peridynamics, program managers Dr. David
+ Stargel, Dr. Ali Sayir, and Dr. Fariba Fahroo. We are grateful for all
+ their support without which this research would not have been possible.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{103}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{27}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DC7XE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000369433300003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000356988000029,
+Author = {Pegorin, F. and Pingkarawat, K. and Daynes, S. and Mouritz, A. P.},
+Title = {{Influence of z-pin length on the delamination fracture toughness and
+ fatigue resistance of pinned composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{78}},
+Pages = {{298-307}},
+Month = {{SEP 1}},
+Abstract = {{The effect of z-pin length-on the mode I and mode II delamination
+ toughness and fatigue resistance of z-pinned carbon-epoxy composites is
+ investigated. Experimental testing and mechanical modelling reveals that
+ both the mode I fracture toughness and fatigue resistance increase with
+ the z-pin length due to increased bridging traction loads generated by
+ elastic stretching and pull-out of the pins. The opposite trend occurs
+ for mode II toughness, which decreases with increasing z-pin length due
+ to lower traction loads arising from restrictions on the shear-induced
+ rotation and pull-out of the pins. The mode II fatigue resistance is
+ increased by z-pinning, although it is not dependent on the z-pin
+ length. Increasing the z-pin length beyond a critical size also changes
+ the mode I and mode II delamination fracture and fatigue processes from
+ single to multiple cracking. The effect of z-pin length on the
+ delamination toughening and fatigue strengthening mechanisms is
+ determined. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Mouritz, AP (Reprint Author), RMIT Univ, Sir Lawrence Wackett Aerosp Res Ctr, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mfg Engn, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
+ Pegorin, F.; Pingkarawat, K.; Daynes, S.; Mouritz, A. P., RMIT Univ, Sir Lawrence Wackett Aerosp Res Ctr, Sch Aerosp Mech \& Mfg Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.093}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1069}},
+Keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); 3-Dimensional reinforcement; De
+ lamination; Fatigue; Pins}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MODE-I DELAMINATION; T-JOINTS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; SANDWICH
+ COMPOSITE; DAMAGE TOLERANCE; LAP JOINTS; COMPRESSION; MECHANISMS;
+ IMPACT; REINFORCEMENT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{adrian.mouritz@rmit.edu.au}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Daynes, Stephen/0000-0003-1373-8111}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{20}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CL5GO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000356988000029}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000353080600009,
+Author = {Li, Jun and Hao, Hong},
+Title = {{Damage detection of shear connectors under moving loads with relative
+ displacement measurements}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{60-61}},
+Pages = {{124-150}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{This paper investigates the use of relative displacement measurements
+ from the newly developed relative displacement sensors to identify the
+ damage of shear connectors in composite bridges. Continuous Wavelet
+ Transform and Hilbert-Huang Transform are applied to analyze the
+ measured dynamic responses and to identify the damage of shear
+ connectors in the composite bridge model under moving loads. Comparative
+ studies by using the relative displacement, acceleration and
+ displacement measurements respectively for the damage detection are
+ conducted. A comparative study of using relative displacements and
+ acceleration responses of the bridge under ambient excitations to
+ monitor the shear connector conditions is also conducted. Numerical and
+ experimental studies demonstrate that both relative displacement and
+ acceleration measurements can identify the location and the instant of
+ damage occurrence in shear connectors when the bridge is under moving
+ loads. The results demonstrate that relative displacement is a better
+ response quantity for structural health monitoring of composite bridges.
+ (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, J (Reprint Author), Curtin Univ, Sch Civil \& Mech Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
+ Li, Jun; Hao, Hong, Curtin Univ, Sch Civil \& Mech Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.09.014}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{Relative displacement measurement; Structural health monitoring;
+ Composite bridges; Shear connectors; Damage detection; Moving loads}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONCRETE COMPOSITE BEAMS; HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM; SLAB-GIRDER BRIDGES;
+ CRACK IDENTIFICATION; WAVELET TRANSFORM; DECOMPOSITION; VEHICLE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{junli@curtin.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Li, Jun/C-6954-2015
+ Hao, Hong/D-6540-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Li, Jun/0000-0002-0148-0419
+ Hao, Hong/0000-0001-7509-8653}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award
+ {[}DE140101741]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The work described in this paper was supported by Australian Research
+ Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award DE140101741
+ ``Development of a Self-powered Wireless Sensor Network from Renewable
+ Energy for Integrated Structural Health Monitoring and Diagnosis{''}.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CG2BT}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000353080600009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000352967300014,
+Author = {Carrere, N. and Martin, E. and Leguillon, D.},
+Title = {{Comparison between models based on a coupled criterion for the
+ prediction of the failure of adhesively bonded joints}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{138}},
+Pages = {{185-201}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{This article is aimed at comparing two models based on the same
+ assumptions to analyze the failure of adhesively bonded joints. These
+ models combine the use of two criteria: a stress criterion for the
+ initiation of micro-cracks and an energy criterion for the propagation
+ of these micro-cracks to create a macro-crack. The first model only
+ requires elastic calculations but the second is a continuum damage
+ model. It is shown that the comparison of the two models against
+ experimental results permits to describe in a correct manner the effect
+ of geometrical parameters on the strength of a bonded joint. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Carrere, N (Reprint Author), ENSTA Bretagne, LBMS, Brest, France.
+ Carrere, N., ENSTA Bretagne, LBMS, Brest, France.
+ Martin, E., Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, LCTS, UMR 5801, Pessac, France.
+ Leguillon, D., Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IJLRA, UMR 7190, Paris, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.03.004}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7315}},
+Keywords = {{Finite fracture mechanics; Continuum damage model; Bonded joints; Finite
+ Element}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FRACTURE-MECHANICS MODEL; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; DAMAGE MODEL; STRENGTH;
+ THICKNESS; TOUGHNESS; BEHAVIOR; TENSILE; STRESS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{nicolas.carrere@ensta-bretagne.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{UIMM (Union des Industriels des Metiers de la Metallurgie); La Region
+ Bretagne}},
+Funding-Text = {{One of the authors (N. Carrere) would like to thank the financial
+ support of the UIMM (Union des Industriels des Metiers de la
+ Metallurgie) and ``La Region Bretagne''.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CG0PA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000352967300014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000347585800034,
+Author = {Liu, R. and Zhang, Z. J. and Zhang, P. and Zhang, Z. F.},
+Title = {{Extremely-low-cycle fatigue behaviors of Cu and Cu-Al alloys: Damage
+ mechanisms and life prediction}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{83}},
+Pages = {{341-356}},
+Month = {{JAN 15}},
+Abstract = {{The extremely-low-cycle fatigue (ELCF) behaviors of pure Cu and Cu-Al
+ alloys are comprehensively studied following the cyclic push pull
+ loading tests with extremely high strain amplitudes (up to +/- 9.5\%).
+ Compared with the common low-cycle fatigue (LCF) region, several unique
+ features in the ELCF regime can be noticed, including the deviations of
+ fatigue life from the Coffin-Manson law, the non-negligible proportion
+ occupied by the cyclic hardening stage of the whole fatigue life,
+ special microstructures formed by cyclic loading containing deformation
+ twins, shear bands and ultra-fine grains and the transformation of
+ fatigue cracking modes. All these characteristics indicate the existence
+ of special interior fatigue damage mechanisms of ELCF. To help discover
+ the new damage mechanisms under ELCF, a model of fatigue life prediction
+ with a hysteresis energy-based criterion is proposed. Based on the
+ analysis of the experimental and modeling results, two intrinsic factors
+ determining the ELCF properties were concluded: the capacity of ELCF
+ damage, and the defusing and dispersion ability of the external
+ mechanical work. The former can be evaluated by a parameter of the model
+ called the intrinsic fatigue toughness W-0, which is related to the
+ microstructure evolution condition, the cyclic hardening ability, the
+ deformation homogeneity and possibly the static toughness. The latter
+ can be represented by the damage transition exponent beta, which can be
+ enhanced by improving the planarity, reversibility and uniformity of
+ plastic deformation, reflecting the decline in the degree of surface
+ damage and the dispersion of fatigue cracks. For Cu-Al alloys with
+ increasing Al content, cooperation between an increasing damage capacity
+ and a decreasing damage accumulation rate leads to a comprehensive
+ improvement in the ELCF properties. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc.
+ Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zhang, ZF (Reprint Author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.
+ Liu, R.; Zhang, Z. J.; Zhang, P.; Zhang, Z. F., Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2014.10.002}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{Extremely-low-cycle fatigue; Cyclic hardening; Fatigue crack; Hysteresis
+ energy; Damage mechanism}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; DUCTILE CRACK INITIATION; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED CU;
+ MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; HYSTERESIS ENERGY; STEEL; STRAIN;
+ DEFORMATION; ASSESSMENTS; TRANSITION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{zhfzhang@imr.ac.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Zhefeng/A-9732-2010
+ Zhang Group, SPD/C-6497-2014
+ Zhang, Peng/F-2399-2010}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Peng/0000-0002-0907-2110}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}51101162,
+ 51201165, 51331007]; National Basic Research Program of China
+ {[}2010CB631006]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. 51101162, 51201165, 51331007
+ and the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.
+ 2010CB631006.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{89}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AY5AL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000347585800034}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000347948000019,
+Author = {Chen, Xin and Michaels, Jennifer E. and Michaels, Thomas E.},
+Title = {{A Methodology for Estimating Guided Wave Scattering Patterns From Sparse
+ Transducer Array Measurements}},
+Journal = {{IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{62}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{208-219}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Note = {{23rd International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics
+ (ISAF), Pennsylvania State Univ, Univ Pk, PA, MAY 12-16, 2014}},
+Abstract = {{Ultrasonic guided waves are one of the primary methods being
+ investigated for structural health monitoring of plate-like components.
+ A common practice is to collect measurements from a sparse transducer
+ array using the pitch-catch method, which enables interrogation of
+ defects from multiple directions. Thus, knowledge of how guided waves
+ scatter from defects is very useful for detection, localization, and
+ characterization of damage. One way to describe scattering patterns is
+ with a matrix indexed by incident angle and scattered angle, and sparse
+ array measurements essentially sample this matrix. A methodology is
+ proposed in this paper to estimate the complete scattering matrix from
+ these limited array measurements. First, recorded array signals are
+ compensated for geometric spreading loss, wave packet spreading loss,
+ and transducer differences. Initial scattering values are then extracted
+ from the scattered wave packets after baseline subtraction and are
+ augmented using transducer reciprocity and any a priori knowledge of
+ defect geometric symmetry. Finally, radial basis function interpolation
+ is performed on these values to obtain the complete scattering matrix.
+ Scattering matrices are generated from experimental data by cutting
+ notches of different lengths originating from a through-hole in an
+ aluminum plate specimen that is instrumented with a sparse transducer
+ array. The methodology is validated by laser vibrometry measurements
+ performed on a nominally identical specimen for one notch length.}},
+Publisher = {{IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC}},
+Address = {{445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chen, X (Reprint Author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Chen, Xin; Michaels, Jennifer E.; Michaels, Thomas E., Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect \& Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1109/TUFFC.2014.006747}},
+ISSN = {{0885-3010}},
+EISSN = {{1525-8955}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-FREQUENCY REFLECTION; THROUGH-THICKNESS HOLE; LAMB WAVE; RECTANGULAR
+ NOTCH; FINITE-ELEMENT; PLATE; INTERPOLATION; DISPERSION; MATRICES;
+ CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Acoustics; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical \& Electronic}},
+Author-Email = {{jemichaels@gatech.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chen, Xin/0000-0002-0306-7767}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{American Society of Nondestructive Testing}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the American Society of Nondestructive
+ Testing in the form of a graduate fellowship to Mr. Xin Chen.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AZ0PU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000347948000019}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000358807500014,
+Author = {Rathnaweera, T. D. and Ranjith, P. G. and Perera, M. S. A. and Haque, A.
+ and Lashin, A. and Al Arifi, N. and Chandrasekharam, D. and Yang, S. Q.
+ and Xu, T. and Wanh, S. H. and Yasar, E.},
+Title = {{CO2-induced mechanical behaviour of Hawkesbury sandstone in the Gosford
+ basin: An experimental study}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{641}},
+Pages = {{123-137}},
+Month = {{AUG 12}},
+Abstract = {{Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestered in saline aquifers undergoes a variety
+ of chemically-coupled mechanical effects, which may cause CO2-induced
+ mechanical changes and time-dependent reservoir deformation. This paper
+ investigates the mineralogical and microstructural changes that occur in
+ reservoir rocks following injection of CO2 in deep saline aquifers and
+ the manner in which these changes influence the mechanical properties of
+ the reservoir rocks. In this study, cylindrical sandstone specimens, 38
+ mm in diameter and 76 mm high, obtained from the Gosford basin, were
+ used to perform a series of un-confined compressive strength (UCS)
+ tests. Different saturation conditions: dry, water- and brine-saturated
+ sandstone samples with and without scCO(2) (super-critical carbon
+ dioxide) injection, were considered in the study to obtain a
+ comprehensive understanding of the impact of scCO(2) injection during
+ the CO2 sequestration process on saline aquifer mechanical properties.
+ An acoustic emission (AE) system was employed to identify the stress
+ threshold values of crack closure, crack initiation and crack damage for
+ each testing condition during the whole deformation process of the
+ specimens. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray
+ diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were performed
+ to evaluate the chemical and mineralogical changes that occur in
+ reservoir rocks during CO2 injection. From the test results, it is clear
+ that the CO2-saturated samples possessed a lower peak strength compared
+ to non-CO2 saturated samples. According to SEM, XRD and XRF analyses,
+ considerable quartz mineral corrosion and dissolution of calcite and
+ siderite were observed during the interactions of the CO2/water/rock and
+ CO2/brine/rock systems, which implies that mineralogical and geochemical
+ rock alterations affect rock mechanical properties by accelerating the
+ collapse mechanisms of the pore matrix. AE results also reveal the
+ weakening effect of rock pore structure with CO2 injection, which
+ suggests a significant effect of CO2 on failure mechanisms of the
+ reservoir rock, with CO2 saturation showing a significant influence on
+ crack initiation and crack damage stages. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ranjith, PG (Reprint Author), Monash Univ, Deep Earth Energy Lab, Bldg 60, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia.
+ Rathnaweera, T. D.; Ranjith, P. G.; Perera, M. S. A.; Haque, A.; Yang, S. Q., Monash Univ, Deep Earth Energy Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia.
+ Lashin, A., King Saud Univ, Coll Engn, Petr \& Nat Gas Engn Dept, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
+ Lashin, A., Benha Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geol \& Geophys, Banha, Egypt.
+ Al Arifi, N.; Chandrasekharam, D., King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geol \& Geophys, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
+ Chandrasekharam, D., Indian Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India.
+ Yang, S. Q., China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Xuzhou 221116, Peoples R China.
+ Xu, T.; Wanh, S. H., Northeastern Univ, Ctr Rock Instabil \& Seism Res, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.
+ Yasar, E., Iskenderun Tech Univ, Fac Mech Engn, Dept Petr \& Nat Gas Engn, TR-31200 Ankara, Turkey.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.029}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{CO2 sequestration; Saline aquifers; Strength; Crack formation;
+ Microstructure; CO2 storage in Australia}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DEEP-SALINE AQUIFERS; CO2 SEQUESTRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DISSOLUTION
+ KINETICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STORAGE; SOLUBILITY; PRESSURE; MODEL; WATER}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{ranjith.pg@monash.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{XU, Tao/D-6563-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{XU, Tao/0000-0001-8971-674X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian Research Council {[}DP120103003]; King Saud University, Saudi
+ Arabia {[}IRG14-36]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was supported under Australian Research Council's
+ Discovery Projects funding scheme (project number DP120103003). The
+ authors (Ranjith, Aref and Nassir) extend their appreciation to the
+ Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia,
+ for funding the work through the international research group project
+ (IRG14-36).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{51}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{42}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CN9YQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000358807500014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000356207600027,
+Author = {Cao, Yang and Guo, Chunhuan and Zhu, Shifan and Wei, Ningxia and Javed,
+ Raja Ahsan and Jiang, Fengchun},
+Title = {{Fracture behavior of Ti/Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL)
+ composite under dynamic loading}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{637}},
+Pages = {{235-242}},
+Month = {{JUN 18}},
+Abstract = {{Ti/Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composite is fabricated
+ using Ti and Al foils through the vacuum sintering process. The fracture
+ behavior of the MIL laminate composite under dynamic loading is
+ investigated via modified Hopkinson bar loaded three-point bending
+ fracture test. An experimental-numerical hybrid method is used to
+ simulate the fracture behavior of MIL composite. In this method, the
+ brittle damage model and plastic kinematic model are employed to
+ represent the dynamic responses of the brittle intermetallic matrix
+ Al3Ti and ductile reinforcement of Ti, respectively. As the boundary
+ condition, displacement data obtained from dynamic three-point bending
+ fracture test are imported into the finite element software package for
+ simulation. Finite element model is validated through the comparison of
+ the load-displacement curves from numerical simulation and the Hopkinson
+ bar loaded three-point bending test. In addition, the dynamic damage
+ evolution behaviors of the laminate composite, including crack
+ deflection, delamination, plastic deformation, and brittle fracture are
+ investigated using the post-process technique of finite element software
+ package. The current study demonstrates that the MIL composite has
+ excellent damage tolerance due to the multiple energy-absorbing
+ mechanisms. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jiang, FC (Reprint Author), Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Superlight Mat \& Surface Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China.
+ Cao, Yang; Zhu, Shifan; Javed, Raja Ahsan, Harbin Engn Univ, Coll Mech \& Elect Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China.
+ Guo, Chunhuan; Wei, Ningxia; Jiang, Fengchun, Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Superlight Mat \& Surface Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2015.04.025}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{Metal-intermetallic laminate composite; Three-point bending test;
+ Numerical simulation; Damage evaluation; Hopkinson pressure bar}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE EVOLUTION; RESISTANCE-CURVE; TITANIUM; FAILURE; FOILS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{fengchunjiang@hrbeu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing
+ Institute of Technology {[}KFJJ12-7M]; National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China {[}11172074, 11402060]; Aeronautical Science
+ Foundation of China {[}201311P6001]; Fundamental Research funds for the
+ Central Universities {[}HEUCF201403014]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from State Key
+ Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of
+ Technology (No. KFJJ12-7M), the National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China (Nos. 11172074 and 11402060), Aeronautical Science Foundation of
+ China (201311P6001), and the Fundamental Research funds for the Central
+ Universities (HEUCF201403014).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CK4QF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000356207600027}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000364735600003,
+Author = {Gallo, Gerard J. and Thostenson, Erik T.},
+Title = {{Electrical characterization and modeling of carbon nanotube and carbon
+ fiber self-sensing composites for enhanced sensing of microcracks}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{3}},
+Pages = {{17-26}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{Carbon nanotube (CNT) networks and carbon fibers have been investigated
+ for in situ sensing of micro-scale damage. The electrical resistance
+ change due to transverse matrix cracking in {[}0/90](s) is cross-ply
+ carbon fiber-reinforced and CNT/glass fiber-reinforced hybrid composites
+ is analyzed for the purpose of improving measurement sensitivity. Two
+ different types of conductively modified glass fiber/epoxy/nanotube
+ composites are characterized and compared with a carbon fiber/epoxy
+ laminate. Two-dimensional finite element models are generated using
+ electrical properties obtained from experimental characterization.
+ Electrostatic simulations are performed to investigate the effect of the
+ electrical anisotropy and various electrode parameters on the
+ measurement sensitivity to matrix cracking. Simulation results are
+ verified by cyclic loading experiments which are used to correlate the
+ change in electrical resistance to transverse matrix cracks. The damage
+ sensitivity of the electrical network is highly dependent on the network
+ morphology and electrical anisotropy. Glass fiber composites with
+ nanotubes dispersed uniformly throughout the polymer matrix exhibited
+ low electrical anisotropy and showed the highest sensitivity to matrix
+ cracking. The choice of electrode configuration and spacing also becomes
+ an important consideration as the anisotropy increases. Carbon fiber
+ laminates are comparatively less sensitive to matrix damage but
+ modification of the polymer matrix using carbon nanotubes provides
+ opportunity to increase damage sensitivity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Thostenson, ET (Reprint Author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
+ Gallo, Gerard J.; Thostenson, Erik T., Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
+ Gallo, Gerard J.; Thostenson, Erik T., Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mtcomm.2015.01.009}},
+ISSN = {{2352-4928}},
+Keywords = {{Carbon nanotube composites; Polymer composites; Sensors}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RESISTANCE CHANGE METHOD; DAMAGE; STRAIN; RESISTIVITY; NETWORKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{thosten@udel.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) {[}FA9550-11-C-0003]; Acellent
+ Technologies; National Science Foundation {[}1234830]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Award
+ No. FA9550-11-C-0003 (Phase II STIR with Acellent Technologies, Dr.
+ David Stargel, Program Manager) and the National Science Foundation
+ (Award \#1234830), Kishor Mehta, Program Director of HSME.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Today Commun.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CW1FS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000364735600003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000352797600001,
+Author = {Louks, R. and Susmel, L.},
+Title = {{The linear-elastic Theory of Critical Distances to estimate high-cycle
+ fatigue strength of notched metallic materials at elevated temperatures}},
+Journal = {{FATIGUE \& FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{6}},
+Pages = {{629-640}},
+Month = {{JUN}},
+Abstract = {{This paper investigates the accuracy of the linear-elastic Theory of
+ Critical Distances (TCD) in estimating high-cycle fatigue strength of
+ notched metallic materials experiencing elevated temperatures during
+ in-service operations. The TCD postulates that the fatigue damage extent
+ can be estimated by directly post-processing the entire linear-elastic
+ stress field acting on the material in the vicinity of the crack
+ initiation locations. The key feature of this theory is that the
+ high-cycle fatigue assessment is based on a scale length parameter that
+ is assumed to be a material property. The accuracy of this design method
+ was checked against a number of experimental results generated, under
+ axial loading, by testing, at 250 degrees C, notched specimens of carbon
+ steel C45. To further investigate the reliability of the TCD, its
+ accuracy was also checked via several data taken from the literature,
+ these experimental results being generated by testing notched samples of
+ Inconel 718 at 500 degrees C as well as notched specimens of
+ directionally solidified superalloy DZ125 at 850 degrees C. This
+ validation exercise allowed us to prove that the linear-elastic TCD is
+ successful in estimating high-cycle fatigue strength of notched metallic
+ materials exposed to elevated temperature, resulting in estimates
+ falling within an error interval of +/- 20\%. Such a high level of
+ accuracy suggests that, in situations of practical interest, reliable
+ high-cycle fatigue assessment can be performed without the need for
+ taking into account those non-linearities characterising the mechanical
+ behaviour of metallic materials at high temperature, the used critical
+ distance being still a material property whose value does not depend on
+ the sharpness of the notch being designed.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Susmel, L (Reprint Author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.
+ Louks, R.; Susmel, L., Univ Sheffield, Dept Civil \& Struct Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/ffe.12273}},
+ISSN = {{8756-758X}},
+EISSN = {{1460-2695}},
+Keywords = {{Theory of Critical Distances; notch endurance limit; high temperature}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ENERGY DENSITY APPROACH; ESTIMATE FINITE LIFE; CRACK INITIATION;
+ PREDICTION; COMPONENTS; STRESS; PROPAGATION; BEHAVIOR; STEEL; THRESHOLDS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{l.susmel@sheffield.ac.uk}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Safe Technology Limited}},
+Funding-Text = {{Safe Technology Limited (www.safetechnology.com) is acknowledged for
+ supporting the present research investigation.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{55}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CF8HS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000352797600001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000354155400001,
+Author = {Huang, Sheng and Xia, Kaiwen},
+Title = {{Effect of heat-treatment on the dynamic compressive strength of Longyou
+ sandstone}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING GEOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{191}},
+Pages = {{1-7}},
+Month = {{MAY 29}},
+Abstract = {{Temperature plays an important role in many rock engineering practices.
+ The increase or decrease of temperature induces the damage characterized
+ by cracks/voids in the rock and thus reduces its strength. Therefore it
+ is essential to quantify the damage induced by the heat-treatment and
+ establish its correlation to the mechanical properties of rocks. In this
+ study, X-ray Micro-computed tomography (CT), a non-destructive
+ observation technique was utilized to quantify the damage induced by the
+ heat-treatment. Using CT images, the damage variables were measured for
+ Longyou sandstone (IS) at three heat-treatment temperatures, 250 degrees
+ C, 450 degrees C, and 600 degrees C, and room temperature of 25 degrees
+ C. The dynamic compressive strength of LS was then obtained by a
+ modified split Hopkinson pressure bar system with the loading rate from
+ 10(2) to 10(4) GPa/s. An empirical equation to quantify the correlation
+ between the damage variable and the dynamic compressive strength was
+ established from the experimental data. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Xia, KW (Reprint Author), Tianjin Univ, Sch Civil Engn, State Key Lab Hydraul Engn Simulat \& Safety, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
+ Xia, Kaiwen, Tianjin Univ, Sch Civil Engn, State Key Lab Hydraul Engn Simulat \& Safety, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
+ Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.03.007}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7952}},
+EISSN = {{1872-6917}},
+Keywords = {{Thermal effect; Dynamic uniaxial compressive strength; X-ray Micro-CT;
+ Damage; SHPB; Longyou sandstone}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELASTIC-WAVE VELOCITIES; 1000 DEGREES-C; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WESTERLY
+ GRANITE; THERMAL-CRACKING; ROCK FRACTURE; PRESSURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{sh.huang@mail.utoronto.ca
+ kaiwen@ecf.utoronto.ca}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
+ {[}72031326]; Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (NSFC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
+ Council of Canada (NSERC) through Discovery Grant No. 72031326. K.X.'s
+ research was partially supported by the Innovative Research Groups of
+ the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{55}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Geol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CH6OH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000354155400001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000353089900005,
+Author = {Vazquez, Patricia and Shushakova, Victoria and Gomez-Heras, Miguel},
+Title = {{Influence of mineralogy on granite decay induced by temperature
+ increase: Experimental observations and stress simulation}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING GEOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{189}},
+Pages = {{58-67}},
+Month = {{APR 30}},
+Abstract = {{Rocks can be subjected to high temperatures in several instances as for
+ example in geothermal processes or if affected by fires. Temperature
+ variations lead to a complex stress distribution in crystalline rocks
+ due to mineral thermal expansion. In polymineralic such as granites,
+ these stresses depend on fabric parameters such as mineral proportion,
+ grain size and their related thermal properties.
+ Eight granitic rocks were heated to less than 400 degrees C and their
+ decay patterns were observed and quantified by means of scanning
+ electron microscopy. Heating was also modeled by finite-element
+ simulations (OOF software) with polymineralic microstructures. Quartz,
+ feldspar and biotite contents were used as a variable in the model in
+ order to elucidate the influence of mineralogy on the thermal-elastic
+ response of granites.
+ Real and modeled heating showed similar trends of microcracking in
+ microstructures and of thermal expansion coefficients. Microscopic
+ observations of real samples revealed mainly intragranular microcracks
+ in quartz, opening of cleavage plains and deformation in mica.
+ Simulations confirmed that in spite of the high thermal and anisotropic
+ expansion of quartz, the microstructure of rocks with large amounts of
+ quartz does not necessarily experience large stresses. Biotite produces
+ a concentration of stresses along their grain boundaries. As a result,
+ OOF models with 10\% biotite showed higher stresses than monomineral
+ ones. Thermal expansion coefficients of real granites fitted within the
+ limits of the simulated ones proving once more the success of using
+ finite element modeling applied to polymineralic rocks. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vazquez, P (Reprint Author), Univ Reims, GEGENAA, EA3795, CREA, 2 Esplanade Roland Garros, F-51100 Reims, France.
+ Vazquez, Patricia, Univ Reims, GEGENAA, EA3795, CREA, F-51100 Reims, France.
+ Vazquez, Patricia, Univ Oviedo, Fac Geol, Oviedo 33005, Spain.
+ Shushakova, Victoria, Univ Gottingen, Geowissensch Zentrum, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.
+ Shushakova, Victoria, DBE TECHNOL GmbH, Bereich Forsch \& Entwicklung, D-31224 Peine, Germany.
+ Gomez-Heras, Miguel, Univ Politecn Madrid, UCM, CSIC, ETS Arquitectura, Madrid, Spain.
+ Gomez-Heras, Miguel, UCM, Inst Geociencias, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.01.026}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7952}},
+EISSN = {{1872-6917}},
+Keywords = {{High temperature; Granite; Stone decay; Finite-element modeling;
+ Microcracking; Maximum principal stress}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NATURAL BUILDING STONES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; THERMAL-DAMAGE; CRACK
+ NETWORK; MARBLE; ROCK; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR; FIRE; MICROSTRUCTURES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{patricia.vazquez@univ-reims.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Gomez-Heras, Miguel/A-8492-2008
+ Vazquez, Patricia/G-5218-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Gomez-Heras, Miguel/0000-0001-8272-2362
+ Vazquez, Patricia/0000-0002-5392-6451}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{MICINN (Spain) {[}IB-09-080, 2S2013/MIT-2914]; University of Reims
+ Champagne-Ardenne (France); Moncloa Campus of International Excellence
+ (UCM-UPM, CSIC)}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge David M. Saylor for generating the
+ artificial microstructures used in this study with the Microstructure
+ Builder program, which he was developing in collaboration with Carnegie
+ Mellon University and Alcoa Technical Center. Prof. Dr. Edwin Fuller and
+ Prof. Dr. Siegesmund are gratefully acknowledged for their helpful
+ suggestions. Part of this research was funded by MICINN (Spain) project
+ IB-09-080 and Geomateriales 2S2013/MIT-2914 (Madrid). Financial support
+ for Victoria Shushakova was provided by University of Reims
+ Champagne-Ardenne (France) through the project MEFETRO and is gratefully
+ acknowledged. Research by Miguel Gomez-Heras was supported by a PICATA
+ postdoctoral fellowship of the Moncloa Campus of International
+ Excellence (UCM-UPM, CSIC).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Geol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CG2FI}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000353089900005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000352642900022,
+Author = {Li, Bin and Peco, Christian and Millan, Daniel and Arias, Irene and
+ Arroyo, Marino},
+Title = {{Phase-field modeling and simulation of fracture in brittle materials
+ with strongly anisotropic surface energy}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{102}},
+Number = {{3-4, SI}},
+Pages = {{711-727}},
+Month = {{APR 20}},
+Abstract = {{Crack propagation in brittle materials with anisotropic surface energy
+ is important in applications involving single crystals, extruded
+ polymers, or geological and organic materials. Furthermore, when this
+ anisotropy is strong, the phenomenology of crack propagation becomes
+ very rich, with forbidden crack propagation directions or complex
+ sawtooth crack patterns. This problem interrogates fundamental issues in
+ fracture mechanics, including the principles behind the selection of
+ crack direction. Here, we propose a variational phase-field model for
+ strongly anisotropic fracture, which resorts to the extended
+ Cahn-Hilliard framework proposed in the context of crystal growth.
+ Previous phase-field models for anisotropic fracture were formulated in
+ a framework only allowing for weak anisotropy. We implement numerically
+ our higher-order phase-field model with smooth local maximum entropy
+ approximants in a direct Galerkin method. The numerical results exhibit
+ all the features of strongly anisotropic fracture and reproduce
+ strikingly well recent experimental observations. Copyright (C) 2014
+ John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Arroyo, M (Reprint Author), Univ Politecn Catalunya BarcelonaTech UPC, LaCaN, Barcelona, Spain.
+ Li, Bin; Peco, Christian; Millan, Daniel; Arias, Irene; Arroyo, Marino, Univ Politecn Catalunya BarcelonaTech UPC, LaCaN, Barcelona, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1002/nme.4726}},
+ISSN = {{0029-5981}},
+EISSN = {{1097-0207}},
+Keywords = {{fracture; meshfree methods; phase-field models; strongly anisotropic
+ surface energy; local maximum entropy approximants}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MAXIMUM-ENTROPY APPROXIMANTS; ADAPTIVE MESHFREE METHOD; GRADIENT DAMAGE
+ MODELS; ISOGEOMETRIC ANALYSIS; CRACK-PROPAGATION; LOCAL REFINEMENT;
+ CRYSTALS; CONSTRUCTION; FORMULATION; INTERFACES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications}},
+Author-Email = {{marino.arroyo@upc.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Arroyo, Marino/B-5696-2008
+ Arias, Irene/B-1528-2014
+ Millan, Daniel/E-5093-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Arroyo, Marino/0000-0003-1647-940X
+ Arias, Irene/0000-0002-6761-3499
+ Millan, Daniel/0000-0001-6917-0460}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Spanish Ministry of Science and Competitiveness {[}DPI2011-26589]; China
+ Scholarship Council; FPU grant from Spanish Ministry of Science and
+ Competitiveness}},
+Funding-Text = {{We acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and
+ Competitiveness through grant number DPI2011-26589. Bin Li gratefully
+ acknowledges the financial supports from the China Scholarship Council.
+ CP acknowledges FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and
+ Competitiveness.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{58}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{16}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CF6BZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000352642900022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000349729300011,
+Author = {Colombi, Pierluigi and Fava, Giulia and Sonzogni, Lisa},
+Title = {{Fatigue crack growth in CFRP-strengthened steel plates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{72}},
+Pages = {{87-96}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper fatigue crack growth in steel plates reinforced by using
+ carbon fiber reinforced (CFRP) strips is investigated from the
+ experimental, numerical and analytical point of view. Single edge
+ notched tension (SENT) specimens were strengthened with different
+ reinforcement configurations and tested at a stress ratio R of 0.4.
+ Different initial damage levels were considered and the experimental
+ results showed that the reinforcement application can effectively reduce
+ the crack growth rate and significantly extend the fatigue life.
+ Numerical models (finite elements) were also developed to evaluate the
+ stress intensity factor (SIF) and the crack opening displacement (COD)
+ profile. Based on the numerical results, an analytical model was
+ proposed to predict the fatigue crack growth rate and the fatigue crack
+ growth curves. The analytical results are validated by comparing the
+ fatigue crack growth curves to the experimental ones. (C) 2014 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Colombi, P (Reprint Author), ABC Politecn Milano, Dept Architecture Built Environm \& Construct Engn, Pzza L da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
+ Colombi, Pierluigi; Fava, Giulia; Sonzogni, Lisa, ABC Politecn Milano, Dept Architecture Built Environm \& Construct Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.11.036}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1069}},
+Keywords = {{Carbon fiber; Fatigue; Debonding; Finite element analysis (FEA)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITE PATCH; FRP MATERIALS; BEHAVIOR; LIFE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{pierluigi.colombi@polimi.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Fava, Giulia/0000-0001-5730-437X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Politecnico di Milano}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial support of the Politecnico di Milano is gratefully
+ acknowledged. Thanks are also expressed to Sika Italia spa for providing
+ the pultruded strips and the epoxy adhesive used in the experimental
+ program.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{28}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CB6HY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000349729300011}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000348255300003,
+Author = {Shojaei, Amir and Sharafi, Soodabeh and Li, Guoqiang},
+Title = {{A multiscale theory of self-crack-healing with solid healing agent
+ assisted by shape memory effect}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICS OF MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{81}},
+Pages = {{25-40}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Solid healing agents, such as thermoplastic particles, have been widely
+ used in molecular healing of thermosetting polymers, including
+ conventional thermosetting polymers such as epoxy and thermosetting
+ shape memory polymers (SMPs) such as polystyrene. Despite extensive
+ experimental developments in this field, there is an urgent need for
+ healing theories with the ability to correlate molecular level healing
+ events to the bulk scale recovered material properties. A multiscale
+ healing constitutive theory is developed in this manuscript for
+ self-crack-healing composites with embedded solid healing agents. It is
+ assumed that the matrix is made of SMP; and the model accounts for
+ several microscopic healing processes including; (a) rearrangement of
+ free crack surfaces, (b) surface approaching due to shape memory effect,
+ (c) wetting the free surfaces by the molten solid healing agent, (d)
+ diffusion of the solid healing agent, which has been molten upon
+ heating, into the crack surfaces, and (e) randomization. The Continuum
+ Damage Healing Mechanics (CDHM) is utilized to bridge the microscopic
+ and bulk scales. The healing parameters correlate the microscopic level
+ descriptions of the healing to the recovery of bulk material properties.
+ The model is then introduced into the ABAQUS, through user-defined
+ coding, and it is shown that it correlates well with the experimental
+ observations. The developed physically consistent multiscale theory
+ provides material designers with the ability to optimize their
+ self-healing systems via computer aided simulations. (C) 2014 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, GQ (Reprint Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Shojaei, Amir; Sharafi, Soodabeh; Li, Guoqiang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
+ Li, Guoqiang, Southern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.10.008}},
+ISSN = {{0167-6636}},
+EISSN = {{1872-7743}},
+Keywords = {{Self-healing; Smart composites; Shape memory polymer and alloy;
+ Multi-scale modeling; CAD/CAM}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POLYMER COMPOSITES; FINITE DEFORMATION; GLASSY-POLYMERS; SYNTACTIC FOAM;
+ THERMOMECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE;
+ FIBERS; RELAXATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{A.Shojaei.Mech.Eng@gmail.com
+ sshara2@lsu.edu
+ lguoqi1@lsu.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NASA {[}NNX11AM17A]; Louisiana Board of Regents under NASA/LEQSF
+ {[}(2011-14)-Phase3-05]; NSF - United States {[}CMMI 1333997]; Army
+ Research Office - United States {[}W911NF-13-1-0145]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This investigation was partially supported by Cooperative Agreement
+ NNX11AM17A between NASA and the Louisiana Board of Regents under
+ contract NASA/LEQSF (2011-14)-Phase3-05. This study was also partially
+ supported by the NSF - United States under grant number CMMI 1333997 and
+ Army Research Office - United States under grant number
+ W911NF-13-1-0145.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{48}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{91}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AZ5IP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000348255300003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000346058000006,
+Author = {Zhu, Hehua and Zhou, Shuai and Yan, Zhiguo and Ju, J. Woody and Chen,
+ Qing},
+Title = {{A two-dimensional micromechanical damage-healing model on
+ microcrack-induced damage for microcapsule-enabled self-healing
+ cementitious composites under tensile loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{24}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{95-115}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{Concretes with micro-encapsulated healing agents are very appealing due
+ to the advantages of self-healing and the potential for controllable
+ quantifiable healing on a large scale with little initial damage. Based
+ on experimental observation and Taylor's model, a two-dimensional
+ micromechanical damage-healing model of microcapsule-enabled
+ self-healing cementitious materials under tensile loading has been
+ proposed. The healing effect on microcrack-induced damage can now be
+ predicted quantitatively by its microscopic healing mechanism. The
+ kinetic equations of damage-healing evolution and the formulations of
+ compliance after healing are developed. Subsequently, simple and
+ efficient numerical simulations are presented and different system
+ parameters of microcapsule-enabled self-healing concretes, such as the
+ radius and volume fraction of microcapsules, fracture toughness of
+ healing agents and initial damage degree, are investigated. In
+ particular, the proposed micromechanical damage-healing model
+ demonstrates the potential capability to explain and simulate the
+ physical behavior of microcapsule-enabled self-healing materials on the
+ mesoscale.}},
+Publisher = {{SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD}},
+Address = {{1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yan, ZG (Reprint Author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
+ Zhu, Hehua; Yan, Zhiguo, Tongji Univ, State Key Lab Disaster Reduct Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
+ Zhu, Hehua; Zhou, Shuai; Yan, Zhiguo; Ju, J. Woody; Chen, Qing, Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
+ Zhu, Hehua; Zhou, Shuai; Yan, Zhiguo; Chen, Qing, Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech \& Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
+ Ju, J. Woody, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1177/1056789514522503}},
+ISSN = {{1056-7895}},
+EISSN = {{1530-7921}},
+Keywords = {{Self-healing; microcapsule; 2D micromechanical damage-healing model;
+ tensile loading; cementitious composites; healing probability}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COUPLED ELASTOPLASTIC DAMAGE; TOUGHENED EPOXY COMPOSITE; EFFECTIVE
+ ELASTIC-MODULI; CONTINUUM DAMAGE; FABRIC TENSORS; BRITTLE SOLIDS; PART
+ I; INTERACTING MICROCRACKS; COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS; FATIGUE CRACKS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{yanzguo@tongji.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Key Basic Research and Development Program (973 Program)
+ {[}2011CB013800]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
+ Universities; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research
+ Team in University (PCSIRT) {[}IRT1029]; Kwang-Hua Fund for the College
+ of Civil Engineering, Tongji University}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research and
+ Development Program (973 Program, No. 2011CB013800). This work is also
+ supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
+ Universities, the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative
+ Research Team in University (PCSIRT, IRT1029), and the Kwang-Hua Fund
+ for the College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{48}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{39}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Damage Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AW1OF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000346058000006}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000356551400007,
+Author = {Yang, Ge and Cai, Zongxi and Zhang, Xiaochuan and Fu, Donghui},
+Title = {{An experimental investigation on the damage of granite under uniaxial
+ tension by using a digital image correlation method}},
+Journal = {{OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{73}},
+Pages = {{46-52}},
+Month = {{OCT}},
+Abstract = {{This paper presents an experimental investigation of the damage
+ mechanisms of granites under uniaxial tension. The displacement
+ distribution and surface tensile strain of the specimens were measured
+ by using a digital image correlation (DIC) method. A substantially large
+ strain localization region emerged on the surface of the specimens
+ before the tensile stress approached its ultimate value; subsequently,
+ this strain localization region coincided with the final crack. Based on
+ the measured tensile strain, a parameter was proposed to describe the
+ average gradient of the tensile strain. This parameter was found to be
+ much larger near the crack than in the other regions. Experimental
+ results showed that the damage was related to the strain as well as to
+ the strain gradient. These results may provide a practical foundation
+ for a new gradient damage theory for rocks under tensile loading. (C)
+ 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cai, ZX (Reprint Author), Tianjin Univ, Dept Mech, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
+ Yang, Ge; Cai, Zongxi; Fu, Donghui, Tianjin Univ, Dept Mech, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
+ Zhang, Xiaochuan, Tianjin Univ Commerce, Sch Mech Engn, Tianjin 300134, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.optlaseng.2015.04.004}},
+ISSN = {{0143-8166}},
+EISSN = {{1873-0302}},
+Keywords = {{Granite; Tensile damage; Strain localization; Strain gradient; Digital
+ image correlation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FRACTURE ENERGY; ROCK; STRENGTH; COMPRESSION; CONCRETE; FAILURE; TESTS;
+ MODEL; LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Optics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Optics}},
+Author-Email = {{zxcai@tju.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) {[}11172200];
+ National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) {[}2013CB035402];
+ National. High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program)
+ {[}2012AA041801]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
+ of China (NSFC, Grant no. 11172200), the National Basic Research Program
+ of China (973 Program, Grant no. 2013CB035402), and the National. High
+ Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program, Grant no.
+ 2012AA041801).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{11}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{43}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Opt. Lasers Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CK9HO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000356551400007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000359293400004,
+Author = {Leopold, G. and Nadot, Y. and Billaudeau, T. and Mendez, J.},
+Title = {{Influence of artificial and casting defects on fatigue strength of
+ moulded components in Ti-6Al-4V alloy}},
+Journal = {{FATIGUE \& FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{38}},
+Number = {{9, SI}},
+Pages = {{1026-1041}},
+Month = {{SEP}},
+Abstract = {{The influence of defects on the fatigue strength of a cast Ti-6Al-4V
+ alloy has been investigated. An experimental programme has been defined
+ with different castings. On a first stage, a flat fatigue specimen has
+ been developed to be representative of the real aircraft component.
+ Then, reference fatigue properties have been determined and reduction of
+ the fatigue strength has been quantified for artificial and natural
+ defects. It is shown that an artificial defect with a chemically milled
+ surface is representative of an in-service component surface machining:
+ surface pinholes have similar influence on the fatigue behaviour.
+ Furthermore, the experimental results have shown that the geometrical
+ morphology is not the major parameter that governs the fatigue life
+ reduction: the defect type has a major influence. It is also shown that
+ the initiation stage is not negligible in the total fatigue life about
+ 10(5)cycles. Kitagawa diagrams were built to determine critical defect
+ sizes.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Nadot, Y (Reprint Author), Univ Poitiers, CNRS, Dept Phys \& Mecan Mat, Inst PPrime,ENSMA,UPR 3346, Teleport 2,1 Ave Clement Ader,BP 40109, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.
+ Leopold, G.; Nadot, Y.; Mendez, J., Univ Poitiers, CNRS, Dept Phys \& Mecan Mat, Inst PPrime,ENSMA,UPR 3346, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.
+ Billaudeau, T., AIRBUS, Zone Ind Andromede, F-31700 Blagnac, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/ffe.12326}},
+ISSN = {{8756-758X}},
+EISSN = {{1460-2695}},
+Keywords = {{artificial defect; cast titanium alloy; casting defect; high-cycle
+ fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ALPHA-CASE FORMATION; MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE; CRACK INITIATION; LIMIT;
+ MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN; DAMAGE; IRON}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{yves.nadot@ensma.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{40}},
+Times-Cited = {{11}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CO6UX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000359293400004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000354139800002,
+Author = {Zubillaga, L. and Turon, A. and Renart, J. and Costa, J. and Linde, P.},
+Title = {{An experimental study on matrix crack induced delamination in composite
+ laminates}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{127}},
+Pages = {{10-17}},
+Month = {{SEP 1}},
+Abstract = {{Matrix crack induced delamination is one of the predominant failure
+ mechanisms in laminated composites under off-axis loading. However,
+ there exist a reduced number of experimental studies on the literature
+ specifically devoted to this failure mechanism. In this work, an
+ experimental campaign focused on the occurrence of matrix cracking and
+ delamination induced by matrix crack is presented. Five different carbon
+ epoxy lay-ups have been tested under tensile load, leading to different
+ damage evolutions. The experimental data has been compared with a
+ failure criterion recently developed by the authors. A good agreement
+ between the experimental data and the predictions of the failure
+ criterion has been obtained. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Turon, A (Reprint Author), Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Campus Montilivi S-N, Girona 17071, Spain.
+ Zubillaga, L.; Turon, A.; Renart, J.; Costa, J., Univ Girona, Polytech Sch, AMADE, Girona 17071, Spain.
+ Zubillaga, L., IK4 IKERLAN, Arrasate Mondragon 20500, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
+ Linde, P., AIRBUS Operat GmbH, D-21129 Hamburg, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.077}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{Composites; Damage mechanisms; Matrix crack induced delamination;
+ Failure criterion}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FAILURE; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{albert.turon@udg.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Costa, Josep/C-4941-2008
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014
+ Renart, Jordi/B-7209-2014
+ Turon, Albert/C-6875-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Costa, Josep/0000-0002-7134-7146
+ AMADE Research Group, AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291
+ Renart, Jordi/0000-0003-0069-7103
+ Turon, Albert/0000-0002-2554-2653}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{AIRBUS; Airbus - Germany; Spanish government through DG-CICYT
+ {[}DPI2012-34465, MAT2012-37552-C03-03]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was funded by AIRBUS under project iComp - the integrated
+ method for the structural design of Composite components. The authors
+ gratefully acknowledge the support provided by Airbus - Germany, along
+ with the support of the Spanish government through DG-CICYT under
+ Contract DPI2012-34465 and MAT2012-37552-C03-03.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{17}},
+Times-Cited = {{11}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CH6IH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000354139800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000355360100048,
+Author = {Basseville, Stephanie and Cailletaud, Georges},
+Title = {{An evaluation of the competition between wear and crack initiation in
+ fretting conditions for Ti-6Al-4V alloy}},
+Journal = {{WEAR}},
+Year = {{2015}},
+Volume = {{328}},
+Pages = {{443-455}},
+Month = {{APR 15}},
+Abstract = {{The fretting process can lead to material removal (wear), nucleation and
+ propagation of cracks (fatigue), or both. In the first step, the aim of
+ the present paper is to investigate the influence of non-linear
+ behaviour on the wear profiles, in order to evaluate the role of
+ plasticity under different slip regimes for a cylinder-on-flat contact
+ fretting wear. The material of the study is a classical titanium alloy,
+ Ti-6Al-4V (noted TA6V in the following) that is represented by a von
+ Mises equivalent stress, and a combination of non-linear kinematic
+ hardening and isotropic hardening. Since wear is not the only damage
+ mechanism, crack propagation is also considered in the second step. The
+ competition between wear and crack initiation is investigated, thanks to
+ two types of fatigue criteria, purely stress dependent models (Dang Van
+ and Crossland), and a stress strain dependent fatigue model (Smith
+ Watson Topper). The contact evolution influences fretting crack
+ nucleation. The objective is to determine the relevant fatigue criterion
+ and compare the numerical results to the experimental fretting map. (C)
+ 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Basseville, S (Reprint Author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, LISV, 45 Ave Etats Unis, F-78000 Versailles, France.
+ Basseville, Stephanie, Univ Versailles St Quentin, LISV, F-78000 Versailles, France.
+ Cailletaud, Georges, PSL Res Univ, MINES ParisTech, Ctr Mat, CNRS UMR 7633, F-91003 Evry, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.wear.2015.03.010}},
+ISSN = {{0043-1648}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2577}},
+Keywords = {{Finite elements; Fretting; Plasticity; Wear; Fatigue criteria; Ti-6Al-4V}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRYSTAL PLASTICITY MODEL; FINITE-ELEMENT; FATIGUE; CONTACT; NUCLEATION;
+ BEHAVIOR; SIMULATION; DAMAGE; SLIP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{stephanie.basseville@uvsq.fr
+ georges.cailletaud@mines-paristech.fr}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{46}},
+Times-Cited = {{11}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{25}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Wear}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CJ3CD}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000355360100048}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/data/WoS_export/2016.bib b/data/WoS_export/2016.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab82ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/WoS_export/2016.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,3537 @@
+
+@article{ ISI:000375816300010,
+Author = {Bekas, D. G. and Tsirka, K. and Baltzis, D. and Paipetis, A. S.},
+Title = {{Self-healing materials: A review of advances in materials, evaluation,
+ characterization and monitoring techniques}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{87}},
+Pages = {{92-119}},
+Month = {{FEB 15}},
+Abstract = {{Self-healing materials are attracting increasing interest of the
+ research community, over the last decades, due to their efficiency in
+ detecting and ``autonomically{''} healing damage. Numerous attempts are
+ being presented every year focusing on the development of different
+ self-healing systems as well as their integration to large scale
+ production With the best possible property cost relationship. The
+ current work aims to present the most recent breakthroughs in these
+ attempts from many different research groups published during the last
+ five years. The current review focuses in polymeric systems and their
+ composites. The reviewed literature is presented in three distinct
+ categories, based on three different scopes of interest. These
+ categories are (i) the materials and systems employed, (ii) the
+ experimental techniques for the evaluation of materials properties and
+ self-healing efficiency of the materials/structures and (iii) the
+ characterization techniques utilized in order to evaluate (off-line) and
+ monitor (on-line) the healing efficiency of the proposed systems.
+ Published works are presented separately in all the different
+ categories, thus the interested reader is advised to follow the
+ structure of the review and refer to the chapter of interest. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Paipetis, AS (Reprint Author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
+ Bekas, D. G.; Tsirka, K.; Baltzis, D.; Paipetis, A. S., Univ Ioannina, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.057}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1069}},
+Keywords = {{Self-healing materials; Polymer matrix composites (PMCs); Mechanical
+ properties; Mechanical testing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; DIELS-ALDER REACTION; CORROSION PROTECTION;
+ MENDABLE POLYMER; MICROVASCULAR NETWORKS; ANTICORROSIVE COATINGS;
+ GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITES; DELAMINATION CRACKS; EPOXY-RESIN; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{paipetis@cc.uoi.gr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union (European Social Fund - ESF); Greek national funds
+ through the Operational Program ``Education and Lifelong Learning{''} of
+ the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding
+ Program: THALES; {[}ACP3-GA-2013-605412-HIPOCRATES]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European
+ Social Fund - ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational
+ Program ``Education and Lifelong Learning{''} of the National Strategic
+ Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: THALES. Investing
+ in knowledge society through the European Social Fund. The authors also
+ acknowledge the ``ACP3-GA-2013-605412-HIPOCRATES{''} research programs
+ for financial support.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{137}},
+Times-Cited = {{24}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{65}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{195}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DL7JF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000375816300010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000369452200013,
+Author = {Lambiase, F. and Di Ilio, A.},
+Title = {{Damage analysis in mechanical clinching: Experimental and numerical
+ study}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{230}},
+Pages = {{109-120}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{A numerical model describing the evolution of ductile damage was
+ developed to predict the onset of fracture during the clinch joining of
+ thin aluminium AA6082-T6 sheets. The damage model was calibrated and
+ validated using instrumented punch-out tests in order to increase the
+ reliability and robustness of the damage parameter. An inverse analysis
+ was performed (by varying the damage parameter) by minimizing the
+ difference between the experimental and numerical prediction concerning
+ the load-stroke curves and the geometries of punched cross-sections.
+ Then, a numerical model of mechanical clinching using the damage
+ parameter was developed and compared with experimental clinched
+ connections. The results show that the model enables the onset of cracks
+ in critical regions to be predicted. The critical regions are the
+ punch-sided sheet neck and die-sided sheet bulge. The established
+ numerical model of clinching provides a viable means for optimizing the
+ geometry of the clinching tools so as to improve the mechanical
+ behaviour of the joints (by maximizing the undercut and reducing the
+ neck thinning) other than preventing the onset of cracks on the joints.
+ (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Lambiase, F (Reprint Author), Univ Aquila, Dept Ind \& Informat Engn \& Econ, Zona Ind Pile, I-67100 Laquila, AQ, Italy.
+ Lambiase, F.; Di Ilio, A., Univ Aquila, Dept Ind \& Informat Engn \& Econ, Zona Ind Pile, I-67100 Laquila, AQ, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.11.013}},
+ISSN = {{0924-0136}},
+Keywords = {{Mechanical joining; Clinching; Damage; FEM; Aluminium alloy; Thin
+ sheets; Numerical model; Ductility; Formability; Failure analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRENGTH STEEL SHEETS; FAILURE BEHAVIOR; JOINTS; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science,
+ Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{francesco.lambiase@univaq.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Di Ilio, Antoniomaria/0000-0001-9593-5682
+ lambiase, francesco/0000-0001-8220-4901}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{25}},
+Times-Cited = {{21}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Mater. Process. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DC8EH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000369452200013}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000373419600042,
+Author = {Pineau, Andre and Benzerga, A. Amine and Pardoen, Thomas},
+Title = {{Failure of metals III: Fracture and fatigue of nanostructured metallic
+ materials}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{107}},
+Pages = {{508-544}},
+Month = {{APR 1}},
+Abstract = {{Pushing the internal or external dimensions of metallic alloys down to
+ the nanometer scale gives rise to strong materials, though most often at
+ the expense of a low ductility and a low resistance to cracking, with
+ negative impact on the transfer to engineering applications. These
+ characteristics are observed, with some exceptions, in bulk ultra-fine
+ grained and nanocrystalline metals, nano-twinned metals, thin metallic
+ coatings on substrates and freestanding thin metallic films and
+ nanowires. This overview encompasses all these systems to reveal
+ commonalities in the origins of the lack of ductility and fracture
+ resistance, in factors governing fatigue resistance, and in ways to
+ improve properties. After surveying the various processing methods and
+ key deformation mechanisms, we systematically address the current state
+ of the art in terms of plastic localization, damage, static and fatigue
+ cracking, for three classes of systems: (1) bulk ultra-fine grained and
+ nanocrystalline metals, (2) thin metallic films on substrates, and (3)
+ 1D and 2D freestanding micro and nanoscale systems. In doing so, we aim
+ to favour cross-fertilization between progress made in the fields of
+ mechanics of thin films, nanomechanics, fundamental researches in bulk
+ nanocrystalline metals and metallurgy to impart enhanced resistance to
+ fracture and fatigue in high-strength nanostructured systems. This
+ involves exploiting intrinsic mechanisms, e.g. to enhance hardening and
+ rate-sensitivity so as to delay necking, or improve grain-boundary
+ cohesion to resist intergranular cracks or voids. Extrinsic methods can
+ also be utilized such as by hybridizing the metal with another material
+ to delocalize the deformation - as practiced in stretchable electronics.
+ Fatigue crack initiation is in principle improved by a fine structure,
+ but at the expense of larger fatigue crack growth rates. Extrinsic
+ toughening through hybridization allows arresting or bridging cracks.
+ The content and discussions are based on experimental, theoretical and
+ simulation results from the recent literature, and focus is laid on
+ linking microstructure and physical mechanisins to the overall
+ mechanical behavior. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Pineau, A (Reprint Author), Mines ParisTech, Ctr Mat, CNRS UMR 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Pardoen, T (Reprint Author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Mech Mat \& Civil Engn, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium.
+ Pineau, Andre, Mines ParisTech, Ctr Mat, CNRS UMR 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Benzerga, A. Amine, Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Benzerga, A. Amine, Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
+ Pardoen, Thomas, Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Mech Mat \& Civil Engn, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.049}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{Ductility; Fracture; Fatigue; Metals; Nanocrystalline; Thin films;
+ Necking; Damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRAIN-GRADIENT PLASTICITY; DISCRETE DISLOCATION PLASTICITY;
+ CRACK-GROWTH RESISTANCE; IN-SITU TEM; CENTERED-CUBIC METALS;
+ ULTRAFINE-GRAINED COPPER; ALUMINUM THIN-FILMS; LOW-CARBON STEEL;
+ TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ASSISTED MULTIPHASE STEELS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{andre.pineau@mines-paristech.fr
+ thomas.pardoen@uclouvain.be}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Benzerga, Amine/K-2045-2014}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Benzerga, Amine/0000-0002-6644-470X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Belgian Science Policy {[}IAP 7/21]; Communaute Francaise de Belgique
+ under the program ``Actions de Recherche Concertees{''} {[}ARC
+ 05/10-330]; National Science Foundation through the International
+ Institute for Multifunctional Materials for Energy Conversion (IIMEC)
+ {[}DMR-0844082]; ARC Convention {[}11/16-037]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The support of the Belgian Science Policy through the IAP 7/21 project
+ as well as of the ``Communaute Francaise de Belgique{''} under the
+ program ``Actions de Recherche Concertees{''} ARC 05/10-330 and ARC
+ Convention No11/16-037 are gratefully acknowledged by TP. AAB
+ acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (Grant Number
+ DMR-0844082) through the International Institute for Multifunctional
+ Materials for Energy Conversion (IIMEC) established at Texas A\&M
+ University. A. Pineau would like to acknowledge the Ecole des Mines, the
+ Ministry of Industry, the French CNRS, industry laboratories such as
+ Snecma, ArcelorMittal, EDF, AREVA and many others, and research
+ organizations, such as CEA and Onera, which have largely contributed to
+ the development of his research. He would like, together with AAB and
+ TP, to thank also all of his undergraduate and PhD students. Without
+ them it would have been impossible to develop his research agenda.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{400}},
+Times-Cited = {{17}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{34}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{109}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DI3SU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000373419600042}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000370106000020,
+Author = {Hannawi, Kinda and Bian, Hui and Prince-Agbodjan, William and Raghavan,
+ Balaji},
+Title = {{Effect of different types of fibers on the microstructure and the
+ mechanical behavior of Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concretes}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{86}},
+Pages = {{214-220}},
+Month = {{FEB 1}},
+Abstract = {{This study investigates the effect of adding different types of fibers
+ on the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of cementitious
+ composites, in particular on UHPC. These fibers were distinguished
+ mainly by their differing nature (steel, mineral and synthetic), their
+ dimensions (macroscopic or microscopic), and their mechanical
+ properties. The microstructure of the specimens was examined by using
+ SEM observation and by measuring the porosity, the intrinsic
+ permeability and the P-wave velocity. The mechanical behavior under
+ loading has been studied using a uni-axial compression test which
+ combines the gas permeability and the acoustic emission (AE)
+ measurement. This work focuses on the cracking process under mechanical
+ loading. The experimental results show that the fiber has a relatively
+ slight influence on the compressive strength and elastic modulus of
+ concrete, except for the steel fiber which improves the strength because
+ of its intrinsic rigidity. However, The addition of fiber significantly
+ reduces the lateral strain at peak loading and increases the threshold
+ of initial cracking (sigma(k-ci)) and that of unstable cracking
+ (sigma(k-pi)). Therefore, the fibers clearly restrain the cracking
+ process in concrete under the mechanic loading. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
+ All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Hannawi, K (Reprint Author), INSA Rennes, LGCGM, 20 Ave Buttes Coesmes,CS 70839, F-35708 Rennes 7, France.
+ Hannawi, Kinda; Bian, Hui; Prince-Agbodjan, William; Raghavan, Balaji, INSA Rennes, LGCGM, 20 Ave Buttes Coesmes,CS 70839, F-35708 Rennes 7, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.059}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1069}},
+Keywords = {{Fibres; Microstructures; Mechanical properties; Acoustic emission}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE; COMPRESSION; STRESS; DAMAGE; PERMEABILITY;
+ DURABILITY; GRANITE; ROCK; SIZE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{Kinda.hannawi@insa-rennes.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{raghavan, balaji/0000-0003-0231-9050}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{38}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DD7LM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000370106000020}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000366233200001,
+Author = {Zhu, Shun-Peng and Huang, Hong-Zhong and Peng, Weiwen and Wang, Hai-Kun
+ and Mahadevan, Sankaran},
+Title = {{Probabilistic Physics of Failure-based framework for fatigue life
+ prediction of aircraft gas turbine discs under uncertainty}},
+Journal = {{RELIABILITY ENGINEERING \& SYSTEM SAFETY}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{146}},
+Pages = {{1-12}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{A probabilistic Physics of Failure-based framework for fatigue life
+ prediction of aircraft gas turbine discs operating under uncertainty is
+ developed. The framework incorporates the overall uncertainties
+ appearing in a structural integrity assessment. A comprehensive
+ uncertainty quantification (UQ) procedure is presented to quantify
+ multiple types of uncertainty using multiplicative and additive UQ
+ methods. In addition, the factors that contribute the most to the
+ resulting output uncertainty are investigated and identified for
+ uncertainty reduction in decision-making. A high prediction accuracy of
+ the proposed framework is validated through a comparison of model
+ predictions to the experimental results of GH4133 superalloy and
+ full-scale tests of aero engine high-pressure turbine discs. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Huang, HZ (Reprint Author), Univ Elect Sci \& Technol China, Sch Mechatron Engn, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China.
+ Zhu, Shun-Peng; Huang, Hong-Zhong; Peng, Weiwen; Wang, Hai-Kun, Univ Elect Sci \& Technol China, Sch Mechatron Engn, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China.
+ Mahadevan, Sankaran, Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ress.2015.10.002}},
+ISSN = {{0951-8320}},
+EISSN = {{1879-0836}},
+Keywords = {{Life prediction; Bayesian inference; Physics of Failure; Uncertainty
+ quantification; Gas turbine disc}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE FATIGUE;
+ FRACTURE-MECHANICS; MODEL UNCERTAINTY; CRACK INITIATION;
+ ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; DUCTILITY EXHAUSTION; THERMAL FATIGUE; ENERGY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Operations Research \& Management Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research \& Management Science}},
+Author-Email = {{hzhuang@uestc.edu.cn}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Peng, Weiwen/0000-0001-9535-9187}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}11302044, 11272082]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China under the contract numbers 11302044 and 11272082.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{73}},
+Times-Cited = {{15}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{16}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{49}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CY2IW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000366233200001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000370086500037,
+Author = {Krause, Amanda R. and Garces, Hector F. and Dwivedi, Gopal and Ortiz,
+ Angel L. and Sampath, Sanjay and Padture, Nitin P.},
+Title = {{Calcia-magnesia-alumino-silicate (CMAS)-induced degradation and failure
+ of air plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier
+ coatings}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{105}},
+Pages = {{355-366}},
+Month = {{FEB 15}},
+Abstract = {{Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in gas-turbine engines experience
+ severe degradation by calciamagnesia-alumino-silicate (CMAS) deposits
+ during high-temperature operation. The present study identified and
+ evaluated the chemical and microstructural changes in air plasma-sprayed
+ (APS) 7 wt.\% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (7YSZ) TBCs caused by CMAS attack
+ under isothermal conditions at 1340 degrees C. Additionally, a `model'
+ experimental study was conducted by characterizing 7YSZ ceramic powders
+ immersed in molten CMAS glass at 1300 degrees C for different exposure
+ times. The combined results from both studies highlight the importance
+ of local CMAS glass composition on the 7YSZ/CMAS interaction.
+ Specifically, low Y-content in the glass, caused by a relatively large
+ glass `sink,' produces Y-depleted ZrO2 grains that undergo tetragonal
+ (t) -> monoclinic (m) phase transformation upon cooling. Alternatively,
+ small pockets of Y-enriched glass induce the formation of t `'-ZrO2, a
+ phase characterized by its high stabilizer content. After prolonged
+ high-temperature exposure, solution-reprecipitation induces the
+ formation of both m-ZrO2 and t `'-ZrO2 throughout the APS 7YSZ TBC in
+ accordance with the phase diagram. Using a thermomechanical model it is
+ shown that the strain associated with the martensitic t -> m phase
+ transformation plays an important role in the delamination failure of
+ TBCs attacked by CMAS. (C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Padture, NP (Reprint Author), Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
+ Krause, Amanda R.; Garces, Hector F.; Padture, Nitin P., Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
+ Dwivedi, Gopal; Sampath, Sanjay, SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
+ Ortiz, Angel L., Univ Extremadura, Dept Ingn Mecan Energet \& Mat, Badajoz 06006, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2015.12.044}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{Thermal barrier coatings; CMAS; Glass; Zirconia; Mechanics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-TEMPERATURE ATTACK; GLASSY DEPOSITS; CMAS GLASS; FLY-ASH;
+ RESISTANT; DELAMINATION; CRACKING; DAMAGE; DIFFRACTION; MITIGATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{nitin\_padture@brown.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Office of Naval Research {[}N00014-12-1-0175, N00014-15-1-2375];
+ Department of Energy {[}DE-FE-0008933, DE-FE-0004771]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The funding for the research at Brown University from the Office of
+ Naval Research (grant nos. N00014-12-1-0175 and N00014-15-1-2375,
+ monitored by Dr. D. Shifter) and the Department of Energy (grant no.
+ DE-FE-0008933) is gratefully acknowledged. We acknowledge the support
+ from the Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FE-0004771) for the work
+ performed at Stony Brook University. We thank Profs. J.W. Hutchinson
+ (Harvard University) and E.H. Jordan (University of Connecticut) for
+ fruitful discussions, and Mr. V. Viswanathan (Stony Brook University)
+ and Mr. X. Li (Brown University) for experimental assistance.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{54}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DD7EM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000370086500037}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000370061500015,
+Author = {Zerbst, Uwe and Vormwald, Michael and Pippan, Reinhard and Gaenser,
+ Hans-Peter and Sarrazin-Baudoux, Christine and Madia, Mauro},
+Title = {{About the fatigue crack propagation threshold of metals as a design
+ criterion - A review}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{153}},
+Pages = {{190-243}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The fatigue crack propagation threshold Delta K-th is of paramount
+ importance for any kind of damage tolerant design, but in contrast to
+ this importance, the determination and application of the parameter is
+ not on the firm ground as previously assumed. The paper discusses
+ questions of its experimental determination as well as of its
+ application to components. In both fields, new questions have been
+ raised with the potential to challenge or modify long-standing
+ knowledge. Against this background, the paper is an attempt to
+ systematize the established knowledge as well as questions and open
+ issues. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zerbst, U (Reprint Author), BAM Fed Inst Mat Res \& Testing, Div 9 1, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
+ Zerbst, Uwe; Madia, Mauro, BAM Fed Inst Mat Res \& Testing, Div 9 1, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
+ Vormwald, Michael, Tech Univ Darmstadt, Mat Mech Grp, Franziska Braun Str 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
+ Pippan, Reinhard, Austrian Acad Sci, Erich Schmid Inst Mat Sci, A-8700 Leoben, Austria.
+ Gaenser, Hans-Peter, Mat Ctr Leoben Forsch GmbH, A-8700 Leoben, Austria.
+ Sarrazin-Baudoux, Christine, Pprime Inst, 1 Ave Clement Ader,BP 40109, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.12.002}},
+ISSN = {{0013-7944}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7315}},
+Keywords = {{Fatigue crack propagation threshold; Experimental determination;
+ Influencing factors; Transferability to components}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REGIME N-GREATER-THAN-10(7) CYCLES; GASEOUS-HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT;
+ FRACTURE SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; STRIP-YIELD MODEL; GROWTH-RATE DATA;
+ MIXED-MODE; NEAR-THRESHOLD; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; LOAD RATIO; STAINLESS-STEEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{uwe.zerbst@bam.de}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Vormwald, Michael/A-3679-2016
+ Gaenser, Hans-Peter/A-7346-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Vormwald, Michael/0000-0002-4277-785X
+ Gaenser, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-8392-4943}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{201}},
+Times-Cited = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{53}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Fract. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DD6VB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000370061500015}},
+OA = {{No}},
+ESI-Highly-Cited-Paper = {{Y}},
+ESI-Hot-Paper = {{N}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000372558800008,
+Author = {Siracusano, Giulio and Lamonaca, Francesco and Tomasello, Riccardo and
+ Garesci, Francesca and La Corte, Aurelio and Carni, Domenico Luca and
+ Carpentieri, Mario and Grimaldi, Domenico and Finocchio, Giovanni},
+Title = {{A framework for the damage evaluation of acoustic emission signals
+ through Hilbert-Huang transform}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{75}},
+Pages = {{109-122}},
+Month = {{JUN 15}},
+Abstract = {{The acoustic emission (AE) is a powerful and potential nondestructive
+ testing method for structural monitoring in civil engineering. Here, we
+ show how systematic investigation of crack phenomena based on AE data
+ can be significantly improved by the use of advanced signal processing
+ techniques. Such data are a fundamental source of information that can
+ be used as the basis for evaluating the status of the material, thereby
+ paving the way for a new frontier of innovation made by data-enabled
+ analytics. In this article, we propose a framework based on the
+ Hilbert-Huang Transform for the evaluation of material damages that (i)
+ facilitates the systematic employment of both established and promising
+ analysis criteria, and (ii) provides unsupervised tools to achieve an
+ accurate classification of the fracture type, the discrimination between
+ longitudinal (P-) and traversal (S-) waves related to an AE event. The
+ experimental validation shows promising results for a reliable
+ assessment of the health status through the monitoring of civil
+ infrastructures. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Siracusano, G (Reprint Author), Univ Messina, Dept Math \& Comp Sci, Phys Sci \& Earth Sci, Viale F Stagno dAlcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
+ Siracusano, Giulio; Finocchio, Giovanni, Univ Messina, Dept Math \& Comp Sci, Phys Sci \& Earth Sci, Viale F Stagno dAlcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
+ Lamonaca, Francesco; Tomasello, Riccardo; Carni, Domenico Luca; Grimaldi, Domenico, Univ Calabria, Dept Informat Modeling Elect \& Syst Engn, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy.
+ Lamonaca, Francesco, Univ Sannio, Dept Engn, I-82100 Benevento, Italy.
+ Garesci, Francesca, Univ Messina, Dept Engn, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
+ La Corte, Aurelio, Univ Catania, Dept Elect Elect \& Comp Engn, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
+ Carpentieri, Mario, Politecn Bari, Dept Elect \& Informat Engn, Via E Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.12.004}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{Acoustic emission; Damage detection; Structural Health Monitoring;
+ Compression test; Hilbert-Huang Transform; 3D crack localization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; REINFORCED-CONCRETE BEAMS;
+ COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; SPEED ESTIMATION; LOCALIZATION; PARAMETERS;
+ CLASSIFICATION; PROPAGATION; LOCATION; SPECTRUM}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{giuliosiracusano@gmail.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{La Corte, Aurelio/H-4519-2017
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Carpentieri, Mario/0000-0001-5165-5873
+ Siracusano, Giulio/0000-0002-5390-5140}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Italian MIUR {[}PRIN2010ECA8P3, PON04a2\_F]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work has been supported by the following projects: PRIN2010ECA8P3
+ and PON04a2\_F named SIGLOD, both funded by the Italian MIUR. The
+ authors thank Domenico Romolo for making the graphical abstract.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{84}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{79}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DH1QA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000372558800008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000373419600041,
+Author = {Pineau, Andre and McDowell, David L. and Busso, Esteban P. and
+ Antolovich, Stephen D.},
+Title = {{Failure of metals II: Fatigue}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{107}},
+Pages = {{484-507}},
+Month = {{APR 1}},
+Abstract = {{In this interpretive review, fatigue in metallic systems is considered
+ primarily from the perspective of interactions between the
+ microstructure, the deformation mode and the mechanical state at both
+ low and high temperatures. In Part 1 the development and early
+ propagation of cracks is considered in terms of the basic damage
+ mechanisms and the relative size of the crack with respect to applicable
+ micro structural feature(s). In this section, a multistage grain scale
+ approach to microstructure-sensitive fatigue crack formation and growth
+ is presented which uses Fatigue Indicator Parameters (FIPs) to correlate
+ these processes. Various FIPs parameters are discussed in terms of their
+ indication of the state of fatigue. The development and early crack
+ propagation is considered in the context of microstructure and notches,
+ and probabilistic aspects of the notch fatigue problem are discussed.
+ These features are integrated into a systematic approach for the
+ selection of fatigue resistant microstructures for given applications.
+ In Part 2, attention is focused on Ni-base superalloys and the
+ interaction between oxidation, creep and microstructure (including
+ coatings) in the formation and propagation of cracks. This part of the
+ overview addresses both experimental and modelling aspects.
+ Methodologies based upon fundamental physical processes are presented
+ for understanding and predicting the development and propagation of
+ fatigue cracks, including effects of sequential oxide type formation and
+ of creep on either restraining or accelerating damage by oxidation. The
+ variable fatigue resistance of discs in jet engines is seen to depend
+ upon the variability of microstructure and its influence on the severity
+ of creep oxidation interactions. All of these factors are considered in
+ the practical case where both temperature and loading parameters vary
+ simultaneously (thermomechanical fatigue). A physics-based life
+ prediction model considering the interactions of deformation and
+ environmental damage is reviewed in terms of its applicability to life
+ prediction of components. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Busso, EP (Reprint Author), Off Natl Etud \& Rech Aerosp, Sci Directorate, BP 80100, F-91123 Palaiseau, France.
+ Pineau, Andre, MINES ParisTech, Ctr Mat, CNRS UMR 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ McDowell, David L.; Antolovich, Stephen D., Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci \& Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ McDowell, David L.; Antolovich, Stephen D., Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
+ Antolovich, Stephen D., Washington State Univ, Sch Mech \& Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
+ Busso, Esteban P., Off Natl Etud \& Rech Aerosp, Sci Directorate, BP 80100, F-91123 Palaiseau, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.050}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{Local and global fatigue approaches; Fatigue in metallic alloys;
+ Multistage fatigue; Environment-microstructure interaction; Oxidation;
+ Superalloys; Intergranular cracking, thermomechanical fatigue}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; NI-BASE SUPERALLOY; BARRIER COATING SYSTEMS;
+ SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERALLOYS; CRACK-GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION-INDUCED
+ DEGRADATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE FATIGUE; NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY; STRENGTH
+ AL-ALLOYS; THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{SNECMA; NASA; AFOSR; GE Aviation; Pratt Whitney; Siemens-UK; Hitachi;
+ UK's EPSRC; France's ANR}},
+Funding-Text = {{DLM is grateful for the support of the Carter N. Paden, Jr.
+ Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing. AP would like to thank SNECMA
+ for the support of many of his studies devoted to high temperature
+ fatigue of Ni-Base superalloys. SDA is grateful to NASA, AFOSR, GE
+ Aviation, Pratt \& Whitney for financial support over many years and to
+ the Ecole des Mines de Paris for making it possible to spend several
+ sabbatical visits at the Centre des Materiaux. The support received by
+ EPB from Siemens-UK, Hitachi, UK's EPSRC and France's ANR to study high
+ temperature alloys is greatly appreciated. The authors would also like
+ to acknowledge the contributions of their research students over the
+ years, many of whom occupy important positions in industry, academia and
+ in related government laboratories in Europe and the US.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{211}},
+Times-Cited = {{12}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{72}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DI3SU}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000373419600041}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000383005300031,
+Author = {Martinez-Paneda, Emilio and Niordson, Christian F. and Gangloff, Richard
+ P.},
+Title = {{Strain gradient plasticity-based modeling of hydrogen environment
+ assisted cracking}},
+Journal = {{ACTA MATERIALIA}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{117}},
+Pages = {{321-332}},
+Month = {{SEP 15}},
+Abstract = {{Finite element analysis of stress about a blunt crack tip, emphasizing
+ finite strain and phenomenological and mechanism-based strain gradient
+ plasticity (SGP) formulations, is integrated with electrochemical
+ assessment of occluded-crack tip hydrogen (H) solubility and two
+ H-decohesion models to predict hydrogen environment assisted crack
+ growth properties. SGP elevates crack tip geometrically necessary
+ dislocation density and flow stress, with enhancement declining with
+ increasing alloy strength. Elevated hydrostatic stress promotes
+ high-trapped H concentration for crack tip damage; it is imperative to
+ account for SGP in H cracking models. Predictions of the threshold
+ stress intensity factor and H-diffusion limited Stage II crack growth
+ rate agree with experimental data for a high strength austenitic Ni-Cu
+ superalloy (Monel (R) K-500) and two modern ultra-high strength
+ martensitic steels (AerMet (TM) 100 and Ferrium (TM) M54) stressed in
+ 0.6 M NaCl solution over a range of applied potential. For Monel (R)
+ K-500, K-TH is accurately predicted versus cathodic potential using
+ either classical or gradient-modified formulations; however, Stage II
+ growth rate is best predicted by a SGP description of crack tip stress
+ that justifies a critical distance of 1 mu m. For steel, threshold and
+ growth rate are best predicted using high-hydrostatic stress that
+ exceeds 6 to 8 times alloy yield strength and extends 1 mu m ahead of
+ the crack tip. This stress is nearly achieved with a three-length
+ phenomenological SGP formulation, but additional stress enhancement is
+ needed, perhaps due to tip geometry or slip-microstructure. (C) 2016
+ Acta. Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Martinez-Paneda, E (Reprint Author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Construct \& Mfg Engn, Gijon 33203, Spain.
+ Martinez-Paneda, Emilio, Univ Oviedo, Dept Construct \& Mfg Engn, Gijon 33203, Spain.
+ Niordson, Christian F., Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Mech Engn, Solid Mech, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
+ Gangloff, Richard P., Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.022}},
+ISSN = {{1359-6454}},
+EISSN = {{1873-2453}},
+Keywords = {{Hydrogen embrittlement; Multiscale simulations; Electrochemistry; Strain
+ gradient plasticity; Environment-assisted cracking}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; ALLOY MONEL K-500;
+ MARTENSITIC STEELS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; EMBRITTLEMENT; TIP; DIFFUSION;
+ METALS; MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy \& Metallurgical
+ Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{mail@empaneda.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Martinez-Paneda, Emilio/B-1238-2013
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Martinez-Paneda, Emilio/0000-0002-1562-097X
+ Niordson, Christian F./0000-0001-6779-8924}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain {[}MAT2011-29796-C03-03];
+ University of Oviedo {[}UNOV-13-PF]; Danish Council for Independent
+ Research under the research career program Sapere Aude in the project
+ ``Higher Order Theories in Solid Mechanics{''} {[}11-105098]; Faculty
+ Affiliate programs of the Alcoa Technical Center; Northrup Grumman
+ Corporation}},
+Funding-Text = {{E. Martinez-Paneda acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of
+ Science and Innovation of Spain (grant MAT2011-29796-C03-03), and from
+ the University of Oviedo (UNOV-13-PF). C.F. Niordson acknowledges
+ support from the Danish Council for Independent Research under the
+ research career program Sapere Aude in the project ``Higher Order
+ Theories in Solid Mechanics{''} (11-105098). R.P. Gangloff acknowledges
+ support from the Faculty Affiliate programs of the Alcoa Technical
+ Center and the Northrup Grumman Corporation.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{77}},
+Times-Cited = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{21}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{40}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Acta Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DV5XZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000383005300031}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000376806600010,
+Author = {Xu, Man and Hallinan, Bryan and Wille, Kay},
+Title = {{Effect of loading rates on pullout behavior of high strength steel
+ fibers embedded in ultra-high performance concrete}},
+Journal = {{CEMENT \& CONCRETE COMPOSITES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{70}},
+Pages = {{98-109}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper single fiber pull-out performance of high strength steel
+ fibers embedded in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is
+ investigated. The research emphasis is placed on the experimental
+ performance at various pullout rates to better understand the dynamic
+ tensile behavior of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete
+ (UHP-FRC). Based on the knowledge that crack formation is strain rate
+ sensitive, it is hypothesized that the formation of micro-splitting
+ cracks and the damage of cement-based matrix in the fiber tunnel are
+ mainly attributing to the rate sensitivity. Hereby, different pull-out
+ mechanisms of straight and mechanically bonded fibers will be examined
+ more closely. The experimental investigation considers four types of
+ high strength steel fibers as follows: straight smooth brass-coated with
+ a diameter of 0.2 mm and 038 mm, half end hooked with a diameter of 0.38
+ mm and twisted fibers with an equivalent diameter of 03 mm. Four
+ different pull out loading rates were applied ranging from 0.025 mm/s to
+ 25 mm/s. The loading rate effects on maximum fiber tensile stress, use
+ of material, pullout energy, equivalent bond strength, and average bond
+ strength are characterized and analyzed. The test results indicate that
+ half-hooked fibers exhibit highest loading rate sensitivity of all
+ fibers used in this research, which might be attributed to potential
+ matrix split cracking. Furthermore, the effect of fiber embedment angles
+ on the loading rate sensitivity of fiber pullout behavior is
+ investigated. Three fiber embedment angles, 0 degrees, 20 degrees, and
+ 45 degrees, are considered. The results reveal that there is a
+ correlation between fiber embedment angle and loading rate sensitivity
+ of fiber pullout behavior. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wille, K (Reprint Author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
+ Xu, Man; Hallinan, Bryan; Wille, Kay, Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.03.014}},
+ISSN = {{0958-9465}},
+EISSN = {{1873-393X}},
+Keywords = {{Ultra high performance concrete; High strength fiber; Bond behavior;
+ Pull out; Dynamic impact factor; Fiber embedment angle}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATRIX; BOND}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{kwille@engr.uconn.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); University of Michigan;
+ University of Connecticut}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research has been supported by a fellowship within the
+ Postdoctoral-Programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD),
+ the University of Michigan and the University of Connecticut. Special
+ appreciation is sent to Prof. Naaman and Prof. El-Tawil, who provided
+ excellent research conditions for acquiring the experimental data at the
+ University of Michigan. The writers also like to acknowledge the
+ following companies for providing material free of charge: Bekaert,
+ Elkem Materials and Lehigh Cement Company.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Cem. Concr. Compos.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DN1DN}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000376806600010}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000370159600005,
+Author = {Stinville, J. C. and Echlin, M. P. and Texier, D. and Bridier, F. and
+ Bocher, P. and Pollock, T. M.},
+Title = {{Sub-Grain Scale Digital Image Correlation by Electron Microscopy for
+ Polycrystalline Materials during Elastic and Plastic Deformation}},
+Journal = {{EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{56}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{197-216}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Damage during loading of polycrystalline metallic alloys is localized at
+ or below the scale of individual grains. Quantitative assessment of the
+ heterogeneous strain fields at the grain scale is necessary to
+ understand the relationship between microstructure and elastic and
+ plastic deformation. In the present study, digital image correlation
+ (DIC) is used to measure the strains at the sub-grain level in a
+ polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy where plasticity is localized
+ into physical slip bands. Parameters to minimize noise given a set
+ speckle pattern (introduced by chemical etching) when performing DIC in
+ a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were adapted for measurements in
+ both plastic and elastic regimes. A methodology for the optimization of
+ the SEM and DIC parameters necessary for the minimization of the
+ variability in strain measurements at high spatial resolutions is
+ presented. The implications for detecting the early stages of damage
+ development are discussed.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Echlin, MP (Reprint Author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ Stinville, J. C.; Echlin, M. P.; Pollock, T. M., Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
+ Texier, D.; Bridier, F.; Bocher, P., Ecole Technol Super, Montreal, PQ, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s11340-015-0083-4}},
+ISSN = {{0014-4851}},
+EISSN = {{1741-2765}},
+Keywords = {{High resolution digital image correlation; DIC; Scanning electron
+ microscopy; SEM; Slip bands; Polycrystalline materials; In-situ tensile
+ testing; Rene 88DT; Strain localization}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; STRAIN LOCALIZATION;
+ QUANTITATIVE SMALL; CRACK INITIATION; TWIN BOUNDARIES; MAGNIFICATIONS;
+ FATIGUE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science,
+ Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{stinville@engineering.ucsb.edu
+ mechlin@engineering.ucsb.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{GE Global Research; Air Force Center of Excellence {[}FA9550-12-1-0445]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of GE Global Research and
+ appreciate useful discussions with J. Laflen, A. Loghin, S. Daly, and W.
+ LePage. Remco Guerts (FEI) is also acknowledged for his iFAST
+ contributions and support. The Air Force Center of Excellence (Grant \#
+ FA9550-12-1-0445) is also acknowledged for their support. Nicolas
+ Vanderesse is also acknowledged for the development of the OpenDIC
+ software.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{41}},
+Times-Cited = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{11}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{29}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Exp. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DD8FA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000370159600005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000372773500008,
+Author = {Li, Nan and Sun, Junjun and Jiao, Jingpin and Wu, Bin and He, Cunfu},
+Title = {{Quantitative evaluation of micro-cracks using nonlinear ultrasonic
+ modulation method}},
+Journal = {{NDT \& E INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{79}},
+Pages = {{63-72}},
+Month = {{APR}},
+Abstract = {{Nonlinear acoustic coefficients have a close relationship with
+ structural cracks. A nonlinear ultrasonic modulation method for
+ micro-crack quantitative evaluation is developed. The influence of phase
+ threshold on the crack evaluation is discussed. Ultrasonic modulation
+ using a unilateral incentive model is applied to the quantitative
+ evaluation of micro-cracks for different specimens. The experimental
+ results indicate that the method can be beneficially applied for
+ micro-cracks detection. A proper phase threshold can improve the
+ reliability of the method based on nonlinear ultrasonic modulation. The
+ presented modulation factor can be used to quantitatively evaluate the
+ structural cracks, and it is suitable for small-crack quantitative
+ evaluation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Li, N (Reprint Author), Beijing Univ Technol, Ping Le Yuan 100, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
+ Li, Nan; Sun, Junjun; Jiao, Jingpin; Wu, Bin; He, Cunfu, Beijing Univ Technol, Ping Le Yuan 100, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ndteint.2015.12.003}},
+ISSN = {{0963-8695}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1174}},
+Keywords = {{Non-destructive test; Quantitative evaluation; Nonlinear ultrasonic
+ modulation; Bispectral analysis; Modulation factor}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELASTIC-WAVE SPECTROSCOPY; DISCERN MATERIAL DAMAGE; ACOUSTIC
+ INTERACTION; BISPECTRAL ANALYSIS; METALLIC STRUCTURES; CONTACT
+ INTERFACES; LASER ULTRASONICS; NEWS TECHNIQUES; EXCITATION; FATIGUE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Characterization \& Testing}},
+Author-Email = {{nan.li@hotmail.co.uk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Li, nan/0000-0003-3731-1518}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51475013, 11272017,
+ 11402008]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (Grant nos. 51475013, 11272017 and 11402008).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{45}},
+Times-Cited = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{NDT E Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DH4RQ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000372773500008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000368744000001,
+Author = {Chen, Shunhua and Zang, Mengyan and Wang, Di and Zheng, Zumei and Zhao,
+ Chunlai},
+Title = {{Finite element modelling of impact damage in polyvinyl butyral laminated
+ glass}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{138}},
+Pages = {{1-11}},
+Month = {{MAR 15}},
+Abstract = {{Automotive laminated glass is normally comprised of two soda-lime glass
+ sheets bonded with one plastic interlayer, polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
+ Glass-ply cracking is the principal damage pattern in PVB laminated
+ glass under low-velocity impact. The purpose of this work is to
+ numerically investigate the glass-ply cracking mechanism in the
+ framework of cohesive zone modelling. Toward this end, the glass-ply
+ cracking is modelled via an extrinsic cohesive model. Besides, a
+ laminated glass model is proposed, in which brick elements are adopted
+ and an intrinsic cohesive formulation is employed to model the adhesion
+ between glass and PVB. The nonlinear characteristic of PVB is described
+ by using a Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model. Then, the glass-ply
+ cracking behaviours of a laminated glass beam under drop-weight impact
+ are simulated. The proposed approach is qualitatively validated by
+ comparing the simulation results with the experimental observations. In
+ the simulation, the propagations of stress waves of the laminated glass
+ beam during the crack process are illustrated, and the glass-ply
+ cracking mechanism is revealed. Finally, the effects of the PVB film and
+ the adhesion on glass-ply cracking are investigated. (C) 2015 Elsevier
+ Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zang, MY (Reprint Author), 381 Wushan Rd, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
+ Chen, Shunhua; Zang, Mengyan; Wang, Di; Zheng, Zumei; Zhao, Chunlai, S China Univ Technol, Sch Mech \& Automot Engn, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.11.042}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{PVB laminated glass; Laminated glass model; Extrinsic cohesive model;
+ Glass-ply cracking; Mooney-Rivlin model}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONTACT SEARCH ALGORITHM; COMBINED DE/FE ALGORITHM; LAYER-WISE THEORY;
+ NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BLAST LOADS; FRACTURE-ANALYSIS; BRITTLE-FRACTURE;
+ SAFETY GLASS; PANELS; SUBJECT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{myzang@scut.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}11172104]; International
+ S\&T Cooperation Program of Guangdong Province {[}2013B051000012];
+ International S\&T Cooperation Program of China {[}2013DFG60080]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China (No. 11172104), the International S\&T Cooperation Program of
+ Guangdong Province (No. 2013B051000012) and the International S\&T
+ Cooperation Program of China (No. 2013DFG60080).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{56}},
+Times-Cited = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{32}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DB8CH}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000368744000001}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000372065600004,
+Author = {Sabet, Fereshteh A. and Najafi, Ahmad Raeisi and Hamed, Elham and
+ Jasiuk, Iwona},
+Title = {{Modelling of bone fracture and strength at different length scales: a
+ review}},
+Journal = {{INTERFACE FOCUS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{6}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Month = {{FEB 6}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, we review analytical and computational models of bone
+ fracture and strength. Bone fracture is a complex phenomenon due to the
+ composite, inhomogeneous and hierarchical structure of bone. First, we
+ briefly summarize the hierarchical structure of bone, spanning from the
+ nanoscale, sub-microscale, microscale, mesoscale to the macroscale, and
+ discuss experimental observations on failure mechanisms in bone at these
+ scales. Then, we highlight representative analytical and computational
+ models of bone fracture and strength at different length scales and
+ discuss the main findings in the context of experiments. We conclude by
+ summarizing the challenges in modelling of bone fracture and strength
+ and list open topics for scientific exploration. Modelling of bone,
+ accounting for different scales, provides new and needed insights into
+ the fracture and strength of bone, which, in turn, can lead to improved
+ diagnostic tools and treatments of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.}},
+Publisher = {{ROYAL SOC}},
+Address = {{6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Review}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jasiuk, I (Reprint Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci \& Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Sabet, Fereshteh A.; Najafi, Ahmad Raeisi; Hamed, Elham; Jasiuk, Iwona, Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci \& Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1098/rsfs.2015.0055}},
+Article-Number = {{20150055}},
+ISSN = {{2042-8898}},
+EISSN = {{2042-8901}},
+Keywords = {{bone fracture; bone strength; multiscale modelling; hierarchical
+ structure; computational modelling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT MODELS; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; MINERALIZED COLLAGEN
+ FIBRILS; HUMAN TRABECULAR BONE; HUMAN PROXIMAL FEMUR;
+ AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; TROPOCOLLAGEN-HYDROXYAPATITE BIOMATERIALS;
+ NANOSCALE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; CRACK-GROWTH-RESISTANCE; QUASI-BRITTLE
+ DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Life Sciences \& Biomedicine - Other Topics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Biology}},
+Author-Email = {{ijasiuk@illinois.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Center for Supercomputing Applications Faculty Fellows
+ programme; National Science Foundation {[}DMR-1507978]}},
+Funding-Text = {{We acknowledge funding from the National Center for Supercomputing
+ Applications Faculty Fellows programme and the National Science
+ Foundation (DMR-1507978). The findings, conclusions and recommendations
+ expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not
+ necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{248}},
+Times-Cited = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{51}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Interface Focus}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DG4TM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000372065600004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000369214600029,
+Author = {Sockalingam, Subramani and Bremble, Reid and Gillespie, Jr., John W. and
+ Keefe, Michael},
+Title = {{Transverse compression behavior of Kevlar KM2 single fiber}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{81}},
+Pages = {{271-281}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{This paper investigates the quasi static transverse compression behavior
+ of Kevlar KM2 single fiber widely used in high velocity impact (HVI)
+ applications. The nominal stress strain response of single fibers
+ exhibits nonlinear inelastic behavior under transverse compression. The
+ nonlinearity is due to both geometric and material nonlinearities. The
+ inelastic behavior is attributed to plastic deformation and
+ microstructural damage resulting from fibrillation and micro cracking.
+ The experimental set up allows for the observation and measurement of
+ compressed width in real time. An experimental methodology is presented
+ to determine the fiber material constitutive behavior by removing the
+ geometric nonlinearity due to the growing contact area. Results from
+ finite element model of the test method are correlated with the
+ experimental results to assess the accuracy of the constitutive model.
+ (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sockalingam, S (Reprint Author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
+ Sockalingam, Subramani; Bremble, Reid; Gillespie, John W., Jr.; Keefe, Michael, Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
+ Sockalingam, Subramani; Bremble, Reid; Gillespie, John W., Jr.; Keefe, Michael, Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
+ Gillespie, John W., Jr., Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
+ Gillespie, John W., Jr., Univ Delaware, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.11.032}},
+ISSN = {{1359-835X}},
+EISSN = {{1878-5840}},
+Keywords = {{Aramid fiber; Plastic deformation; Finite element analysis (FEA)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{HIGH-PERFORMANCE FIBERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PPTA FIBERS; MODULUS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{sockalsi@udel.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Army Research Laboratory {[}W911NF-12-2-0022]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory and was
+ accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-12-2-0022. The
+ views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the
+ authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official
+ policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory
+ or the U.S. Government. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce
+ and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any
+ copyright notation herein. The authors also wish to acknowledge Dr.
+ Ahmad Abu Obaid, Dr. Joe Dietzel, Mr. Raja Ganesh and Mr. Sandeep
+ Tamrakar of the University of Delaware for useful discussions.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
+Times-Cited = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{11}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DC4UA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000369214600029}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000366865300003,
+Author = {Wang, Yongxiang and Waisman, Haim},
+Title = {{From diffuse damage to sharp cohesive cracks: A coupled XFEM framework
+ for failure analysis of quasi-brittle materials}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{299}},
+Pages = {{57-89}},
+Month = {{FEB 1}},
+Abstract = {{Failure of quasi-brittle materials is governed by crack formation and
+ propagation which can be characterized by two phases: (i) diffuse
+ material degradation process with initial crack formation and (ii)
+ severe localization of damage leading to the propagation of large cracks
+ and fracture. While continuum damage mechanics provides an excellent
+ framework to describe the first failure phase, it is unable to represent
+ discontinuous displacement fields. In sharp contrast, cohesive zone
+ models are poorly suited for describing diffuse damage but can
+ accurately resolve discrete cracks.
+ In this manuscript, we propose a coupled continuous/discontinuous
+ approach to model the two failure phases of quasi-brittle materials in a
+ coherent way. The proposed approach involves an integral-type nonlocal
+ continuum damage model coupled with an extrinsic discrete interface
+ model. The transition from diffuse damage to macroscopic cohesive cracks
+ is made through an equivalent thermodynamic framework established in
+ multidimensional settings, in which the dissipated energy is computed
+ numerically and weakly matched. The method is implemented within the
+ extended finite element framework, which allows for crack propagation
+ without remeshing. A few benchmark problems involving straight and
+ curved cracks are investigated to demonstrate the applicability and
+ robustness of the coupled XFEM cohesive-damage approach.
+ Force-displacement responses, as well as predicted propagation paths,
+ are presented and shown to be in close agreement with available
+ experimental data. Furthermore, the method is found to be insensitive to
+ various damage threshold values for damage-crack transition, yielding
+ energetically consistent results. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Waisman, H (Reprint Author), Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn \& Engn Mech, 610 Seeley W Mudd Bldg,500 West 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA.
+ Wang, Yongxiang; Waisman, Haim, Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn \& Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.cma.2015.10.019}},
+ISSN = {{0045-7825}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2138}},
+Keywords = {{Continuous/discontinuous framework; Nonlocal damage model; Extrinsic
+ discrete damage zone model; Cohesive zone models; Energetic equivalence;
+ Extended finite element method}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; MIXED-MODE FRACTURE; NONLOCAL CONTINUUM DAMAGE;
+ GRADIENT-ENHANCED DAMAGE; ZONE MODEL; SHEAR BANDS; CONCRETE; GROWTH;
+ PROPAGATION; MECHANICS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
+ Applications; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{waisman@civil.columbia.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Wang, Yongxiang/0000-0002-4156-9485}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{69}},
+Times-Cited = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{22}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CZ1KS}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000366865300003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000380078800005,
+Author = {Roostaei, Ali A. and Jahed, Hamid},
+Title = {{Role of loading direction on cyclic behaviour characteristics of AM30
+ extrusion and its fatigue damage modelling}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{670}},
+Pages = {{26-40}},
+Month = {{JUL 18}},
+Abstract = {{Anisotropic fatigue and cyclic behaviour of AM30 Mg alloy extrusion is
+ investigated by performing fully-reversed strain-controlled
+ tension-compression cyclic tests at strain amplitudes between 0.3\% and
+ 2.3\%, along extrusion (ED) and transverse (TD) directions. The shapes
+ of half-life hysteresis loops suggest the predominance of slip and
+ twinning/de-twinning mechanisms below and above the strain amplitude of
+ 0.5\%, respectively. The twinning/de-twinning occurrence is found to be
+ more extensive during straining along ED, which results in higher
+ asymmetry of hysteresis loops, and thereby, higher induced mean stress.
+ This adversely affects the fatigue resistance and yields to less number
+ of cycles before failure in ED. Optical microscopy and texture analysis
+ are employed to validate the findings. In addition, fracture surfaces
+ are studied by scanning electron microscopy to identify the sources of
+ fatigue crack initiation. Persistent slip bands (PSBs) and twin lamellae
+ interfaces are evidenced as crack initiation sites at low and high
+ strain amplitudes, respectively. Cracks emanated from debonded inclusion
+ interface are also observed. Lastly, estimated fatigue life by
+ Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) and Jahed-Varvani (JV) fatigue models are
+ compared with experimental life obtained through this study as well as
+ the ones reported in the literature. The JV energy model is proven to
+ yield better life predictions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights
+ reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Jahed, H (Reprint Author), Univ Waterloo, Mech \& Mechatron Engn Dept, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
+ Roostaei, Ali A.; Jahed, Hamid, Univ Waterloo, Mech \& Mechatron Engn Dept, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2016.05.116}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{Magnesium alloys; Fatigue; Anisotropy; Texture; Twinning; Electron
+ microscopy}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{EXTRUDED MAGNESIUM ALLOY; CAST AM60B MAGNESIUM; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS;
+ MECHANICAL ANISOTROPY; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION;
+ ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NONBASAL SLIP; PRE-STRAIN; MG ALLOY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{aaroostaei@uwaterloo.ca
+ hjahed@uwaterloo.ca}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) under
+ Automotive Partnership of Canada (APC) program {[}APCPJ 459269-13];
+ Government of Ontario through Ontario Trillium Scholarship (OTS) program}},
+Funding-Text = {{This study was partially funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering
+ Research Council (NSERC) under Automotive Partnership of Canada (APC)
+ program (Grant no. APCPJ 459269-13). The financial support of the
+ Government of Ontario through Ontario Trillium Scholarship (OTS) program
+ is also acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{72}},
+Times-Cited = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DR7KP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000380078800005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000381594000099,
+Author = {Liang, Lixi and Luo, Danxu and Liu, Xiangjun and Xiong, Jian},
+Title = {{Experimental study on the wettability and adsorption characteristics of
+ Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin, China}},
+Journal = {{JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{33}},
+Pages = {{1107-1118}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, the core shale samples from the Lower Longmaxi Formation
+ (LF) in the southwest of the Sichuan Basin of China are carried out
+ laboratory experiments to investigate the wettability and adsorption
+ characteristics. The influences of the wettability on the development of
+ the shale gas reservoirs were discussed. And the influences of the
+ kerogen and the pure mineral on the methane adsorption capacity were
+ discussed. The differences between the methane adsorption capacity of
+ the pure mineral and the mixed minerals were also discussed. The results
+ show that the spontaneous imbibition rate of the LF shale samples tended
+ to rise firstly and then become stable with the increasing of the time;
+ The spontaneous imbibition rate of water was higher than the spontaneous
+ imbibition rate of oil; The methane adsorption capacity on the kerogen
+ and the pure minerals first increased rapidly and then increased slowly
+ and tended to be stable with the increasing of the pressure; The methane
+ adsorption capacity on the kerogen was much larger than the different
+ pure minerals; And among the different pure minerals, the order of the
+ methane adsorption capacity is that: illite > chlorite > quartz; The
+ water molecules would reduce the methane adsorption capacity on the
+ Kerogen; The methane adsorption capacity of the Mixed minerals can be
+ approximately equal to the sum of the methane adsorption capacity of the
+ pure minerals calculated by the mass ratios. The water blocking damage
+ in the shale formation can't be assessed according to the water blocking
+ damage evaluation system of the conventional oil and gas reservoirs. The
+ mixed wettability, the influence of the water on the methane adsorption
+ capacity and water-induced cracks should be considered in the water
+ blocking damage evaluation system of the shale reservoir. (C) 2016
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Liu, XJ (Reprint Author), Southwest Petr Univ, State Key Lab Oil \& Gas Reservoir Geol \& Exploita, Chengdu 610500, Peoples R China.
+ Liang, Lixi; Luo, Danxu; Liu, Xiangjun; Xiong, Jian, Southwest Petr Univ, State Key Lab Oil \& Gas Reservoir Geol \& Exploita, Chengdu 610500, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.jngse.2016.05.024}},
+ISSN = {{1875-5100}},
+EISSN = {{2212-3865}},
+Keywords = {{Longmaxi Formation shale; Wettability; Spontaneous imbibition; Kerogen;
+ Pure mineral; Methane adsorption capacity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION; METHANE ADSORPTION; PORE STRUCTURE;
+ HIGH-PRESSURE; GAS SHALES; THERMAL MATURITY; WATER; RESERVOIRS; SYSTEMS;
+ FRACTURES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Energy \& Fuels; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Energy \& Fuels; Engineering, Chemical}},
+Author-Email = {{liuxiangjunswpi@163.com}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{United Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China
+ {[}U1262209]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
+ {[}51274172]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to give sincere thanks for the continuous supply
+ of funds. This research was supported by the United Fund Project of
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1262209), the
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No.
+ 51274172).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{54}},
+Times-Cited = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{15}},
+Journal-ISO = {{J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DT6KV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000381594000099}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000376788900008,
+Author = {Xu, Juechun and Wu, Chengqing and Xiang, Hengbo and Su, Yu and Li,
+ Zhong-Xian and Fang, Qin and Hao, Hong and Liu, Zhongxian and Zhang,
+ Yadong and Li, Jun},
+Title = {{Behaviour of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete columns
+ subjected to blast loading}},
+Journal = {{ENGINEERING STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{118}},
+Pages = {{97-107}},
+Month = {{JUL 1}},
+Abstract = {{Ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is a
+ cement-based composite material mixing with reactive powder and steel
+ fibres. It is characterized by its high strength, high ductility and
+ high toughness and such characteristics enable its great potential in
+ protective engineering against extreme loads such as impact or
+ explosion. In the present study, a series of field tests were conducted
+ to investigate the behaviour of UHPFRC columns subjected to blast
+ loading. In total four 0.2 m x 0.2 m x 2.5 m UHPFRC columns were tested
+ under different designed explosions but all at a standoff distance of
+ 1.5 m. Blast tests were also performed on four high strength reinforced
+ concrete (HSRC) columns with the same size and reinforcement as UHPFRC
+ columns to evaluate their behaviour under the same loading conditions.
+ The data collected from each specimen included reflected overpressures,
+ column deflections at centre and near the supports. Three major damage
+ modes, including flexural, shear and concrete spalling failure modes,
+ were observed. The post blast crack patterns, permanent deflections and
+ different levels of damage observations showed that UHPFRC columns
+ performed superior in blast loading resistance as compared with HSRC
+ columns. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Wu, CQ (Reprint Author), Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn, Ctr Built Infrastructure Res, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
+ Xu, Juechun; Wu, Chengqing; Su, Yu; Li, Zhong-Xian; Liu, Zhongxian; Li, Jun, TCU UA, Joint Res Ctr Disaster Prevent \& Mitigat, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
+ Su, Yu; Li, Jun, Univ Adelaide, Sch Civil Environm \& Min Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
+ Wu, Chengqing, Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn, Ctr Built Infrastructure Res, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
+ Xiang, Hengbo; Fang, Qin; Zhang, Yadong, PLA Univ Sci \& Technol, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
+ Hao, Hong, Curtin Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Perth, WA, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.048}},
+ISSN = {{0141-0296}},
+EISSN = {{1873-7323}},
+Keywords = {{UHPFRC; Nano additives; Columns; Blasts; Experimental analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NORMAL STRENGTH; STEEL FIBERS; UHPFRC; IMPACT; BEAMS; SLABS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Civil}},
+Author-Email = {{chengqing.wu@uts.edu.au}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hao, Hong/D-6540-2013
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hao, Hong/0000-0001-7509-8653
+ Li, Jun/0000-0003-2457-1994
+ Wu, Chengqing/0000-0001-8907-8493
+ Wu, Chengqing/0000-0001-6786-7934}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Basic Research Programme {[}2015CB058002]; Key Projects of
+ Tianjin Science and Technology Support Plan {[}14ZCZDSF0016]; ARC
+ Discovery Grant {[}DP140103025, DP160104661]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The research presented in this paper jointly supported by The National
+ Basic Research Programme 2015CB058002, and the Key Projects of Tianjin
+ Science and Technology Support Plan 14ZCZDSF0016, and the ARC Discovery
+ Grant DP140103025 and DP160104661, is gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{31}},
+Times-Cited = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{30}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Eng. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DN0WX}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000376788900008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000369560700004,
+Author = {Alkan, Sertan and Chowdhury, Piyas and Sehitoglu, Huseyin and Rateick,
+ Richard G. and Maier, Hans J.},
+Title = {{Role of nanotwins on fatigue crack growth resistance - Experiments and
+ theory}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{84}},
+Pages = {{28-39}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{The study of near-threshold fatigue crack growth has long remained an
+ empirical field due principally to the highly microstructure-sensitive
+ nature thereof. The primary challenges have been to forward physical
+ model(s) informed by the governing micromechanism(s), which would be
+ able to predict the experimental behaviors devoid of empiricism. Today,
+ we have sophisticated experimental techniques (e.g. digital image
+ correlation, electron microscopy) as well as atomistic simulation tools
+ (e.g. molecular dynamics) at our disposal to finally revisit the century
+ old fatigue problem in the light of physical phenomena therein. This
+ paper is geared towards achieving such a feat with a very special type
+ of materials, nano-twinned alloys, as the candidate materials, which are
+ of great recent interest due to their reportedly superior damage
+ properties. Specifically, we investigate how the microstructural
+ features (e.g. slip transfer mechanism at coherent twin boundaries, twin
+ thickness/spacing, frictional stress, pre-existent near-tip slip
+ density) can be modulated to improve the damage resistance. The results
+ suggest that these parameters considerably affect the crack propagation
+ impedance (as quantified in terms of Delta K-eff(th)). A thorough
+ discussion of the current findings and the most recent literature
+ developments in this regard are provided. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sehitoglu, H (Reprint Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci \& Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Alkan, Sertan; Chowdhury, Piyas; Sehitoglu, Huseyin, Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci \& Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
+ Rateick, Richard G., Honeywell Aerosp, 3520 Westmoor St, South Bend, IN 46628 USA.
+ Maier, Hans J., Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Werkstoffkunde, D-30823 Hannover, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.11.012}},
+ISSN = {{0142-1123}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3452}},
+Keywords = {{Damage tolerance; Nanoscale twin; Threshold stress intensity;
+ Microstructure; Residual dislocation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{PEIERLS-NABARRO MODEL; NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS;
+ DISLOCATION; TIP; DEFORMATION; STRESS; METALS; COPPER; IRREVERSIBILITY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{huseyin@illinois.edu}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chowdhury, Piyas/0000-0002-3120-7018}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Honeywell Aerospace Corporation}},
+Funding-Text = {{The support of Honeywell Aerospace Corporation is gratefully
+ acknowledged. We also acknowledge the use of Taub cluster, the parallel
+ computing resource, at the University of Illinois.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{49}},
+Times-Cited = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{34}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fatigue}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DC9SG}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000369560700004}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000372755800002,
+Author = {Boyce, B. L. and Kramer, S. L. B. and Bosiljevac, T. R. and Corona, E.
+ and Moore, J. A. and Elkhodary, K. and Simha, C. H. M. and Williams, B.
+ W. and Cerrone, A. R. and Nonn, A. and Hochhalter, J. D. and Bomarito,
+ G. F. and Warner, J. E. and Carter, B. J. and Warner, D. H. and
+ Ingraffea, A. R. and Zhang, T. and Fang, X. and Lua, J. and Chiaruttini,
+ V. and Maziere, M. and Feld-Payet, S. and Yastrebov, V. A. and Besson,
+ J. and Chaboche, J. -L. and Lian, J. and Di, Y. and Wu, B. and
+ Novokshanov, D. and Vajragupta, N. and Kucharczyk, P. and Brinnel, V.
+ and Doebereiner, B. and Muenstermann, S. and Neilsen, M. K. and Dion, K.
+ and Karlson, K. N. and Foulk, III, J. W. and Brown, A. A. and Veilleux,
+ M. G. and Bignell, J. L. and Sanborn, S. E. and Jones, C. A. and Mattie,
+ P. D. and Pack, K. and Wierzbicki, T. and Chi, S. -W. and Lin, S. -P.
+ and Mahdavi, A. and Predan, J. and Zadravec, J. and Gross, A. J. and
+ Ravi-Chandar, K. and Xue, L.},
+Title = {{The second Sandia Fracture Challenge: predictions of ductile failure
+ under quasi-static and moderate-rate dynamic loading}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{198}},
+Number = {{1-2}},
+Pages = {{5-100}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Ductile failure of structural metals is relevant to a wide range of
+ engineering scenarios. Computational methods are employed to anticipate
+ the critical conditions of failure, yet they sometimes provide
+ inaccurate and misleading predictions. Challenge scenarios, such as the
+ one presented in the current work, provide an opportunity to assess the
+ blind, quantitative predictive ability of simulation methods against a
+ previously unseen failure problem. Rather than evaluate the predictions
+ of a single simulation approach, the Sandia Fracture Challenge relies on
+ numerous volunteer teams with expertise in computational mechanics to
+ apply a broad range of computational methods, numerical algorithms, and
+ constitutive models to the challenge. This exercise is intended to
+ evaluate the state of health of technologies available for failure
+ prediction. In the first Sandia Fracture Challenge, a wide range of
+ issues were raised in ductile failure modeling, including a lack of
+ consistency in failure models, the importance of shear calibration data,
+ and difficulties in quantifying the uncertainty of prediction {[}see
+ Boyce et al. (Int J Fract 186:5-68, 2014) for details of these
+ observations]. This second Sandia Fracture Challenge investigated the
+ ductile rupture of a Ti-6Al-4V sheet under both quasi-static and
+ modest-rate dynamic loading (failure in 0.1 s). Like the previous
+ challenge, the sheet had an unusual arrangement of notches and holes
+ that added geometric complexity and fostered a competition between
+ tensile- and shear-dominated failure modes. The teams were asked to
+ predict the fracture path and quantitative far-field failure metrics
+ such as the peak force and displacement to cause crack initiation.
+ Fourteen teams contributed blind predictions, and the experimental
+ outcomes were quantified in three independent test labs. Additional
+ shortcomings were revealed in this second challenge such as
+ inconsistency in the application of appropriate boundary conditions,
+ need for a thermomechanical treatment of the heat generation in the
+ dynamic loading condition, and further difficulties in model calibration
+ based on limited real-world engineering data. As with the prior
+ challenge, this work not only documents the `state-of-the-art' in
+ computational failure prediction of ductile tearing scenarios, but also
+ provides a detailed dataset for non-blind assessment of alternative
+ methods.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Boyce, BL (Reprint Author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
+ Boyce, B. L.; Kramer, S. L. B.; Bosiljevac, T. R.; Corona, E.; Neilsen, M. K.; Bignell, J. L.; Sanborn, S. E.; Jones, C. A.; Mattie, P. D., Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
+ Moore, J. A., Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA.
+ Elkhodary, K., Amer Univ Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
+ Simha, C. H. M.; Williams, B. W., Nat Resources Canada, CanmetMAT, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
+ Cerrone, A. R., GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY USA.
+ Nonn, A., Ostbayer Tech Hsch, Regensburg, Germany.
+ Hochhalter, J. D.; Bomarito, G. F.; Warner, J. E., NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
+ Carter, B. J.; Warner, D. H.; Ingraffea, A. R., Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
+ Zhang, T.; Fang, X.; Lua, J., Global Engn \& Mat Inc, Princeton, NJ USA.
+ Chiaruttini, V.; Feld-Payet, S.; Chaboche, J. -L., Univ Paris Saclay, Onera, Chatillon, France.
+ Maziere, M.; Yastrebov, V. A.; Besson, J., PSL Res Univ, MINES ParisTech, Ctr Mat, CNRS UMR 7633, Evry, France.
+ Lian, J.; Di, Y.; Wu, B.; Novokshanov, D.; Vajragupta, N.; Kucharczyk, P.; Brinnel, V.; Doebereiner, B.; Muenstermann, S., Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
+ Dion, K.; Karlson, K. N.; Foulk, J. W., III; Brown, A. A.; Veilleux, M. G., Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA.
+ Pack, K.; Wierzbicki, T., MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
+ Chi, S. -W.; Lin, S. -P.; Mahdavi, A., Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA.
+ Predan, J.; Zadravec, J., Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
+ Gross, A. J.; Ravi-Chandar, K., Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
+ Xue, L., Thinkviewer LLC, Sugar Land, TX USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-016-0089-7}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+EISSN = {{1573-2673}},
+Keywords = {{Fracture; Rupture; Tearing; Deformation; Plasticity; Metal; Alloy;
+ Simulation; rediction; Modeling}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{POLYCRYSTALLINE AL 6061-T6; KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; STRENGTH STEEL
+ SHEETS; HIGH-STRAIN-RATE; CRACK-PROPAGATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DAMAGE;
+ MODEL; BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{blboyce@sandia.gov
+ slkrame@sandia.gov
+ trbosil@sandia.gov
+ ecorona@sandia.gov
+ johnallanmoore@gmail.com
+ khalile@aucegypt.edu
+ Hari.Simha@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca
+ Bruce.Williams@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca
+ albert.cerrone@ge.com
+ aida.nonn@oth-regensburg.de
+ jacob.d.hochhalter@nasa.gov
+ geoffrey.f.bomarito@nasa.gov
+ james.e.warner@nasa.gov
+ bjc21@cornell.edu
+ reddhw52@cornell.edu
+ ari1@cornell.edu
+ tzhang@gem-innovation.com
+ xfang@gem-innovation.com
+ jlua@gem-innovation.com
+ vincent.chiaruttini@onera.fr
+ matthieu.maziere@mines-paristech.fr
+ sylvia.feld-payet@onera.fr
+ vladislav.yastrebov@mines-paristech.fr
+ jacques.besson@mines-paristech.fr
+ jean-louis.chaboche@onera.fr
+ junhe.lian@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ yidu.di@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ bo.wu@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ denis.novokshanov@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ napat.vajragupta@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ pawel.kucharczyk@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ victoria.brinnel@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ benedikt.doebereiner@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ sebastian.muenstermann@iehk.rwth-aachen.de
+ mkneils@sandia.gov
+ kdion@sandia.gov
+ knkarls@sandia.gov
+ jwfoulk@sandia.gov
+ aabrown@sandia.gov
+ mgveill@sandia.gov
+ jbignel@sandia.gov
+ sesanbo@sandia.gov
+ cajone@sandia.gov
+ pdmatti@sandia.gov
+ kpack@mit.edu
+ wierz@mit.edu
+ swchi@uic.edu
+ slin46@ford.com
+ amahda2@uic.edu
+ jozef.predan@um.si
+ zadravec.jozef@gmail.com
+ andrew.gross@mail.utexas.edu
+ ravi@utexas.edu
+ xue@alum.mit.edu}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Besson, Jacques/A-4144-2008
+ Munstermann, Sebastian/E-5480-2012
+ Xue, Liang/A-1266-2007
+ Warner, Derek/A-2303-2012
+ Lian, Junhe/C-5492-2009
+ Maziere, Matthieu/D-8574-2012
+ Vajragupta, Napat/M-6347-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Bomarito, Geoffrey/0000-0002-5540-6871
+ Besson, Jacques/0000-0003-1975-2408
+ Munstermann, Sebastian/0000-0002-6251-2429
+ Xue, Liang/0000-0003-0468-0624
+ Lian, Junhe/0000-0003-0323-3486
+ Maziere, Matthieu/0000-0002-2654-1257
+ }},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
+ {[}DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Office of Naval Research: MURI
+ {[}N00014-06-1-0505-A00001]; Office of Naval Research: FNC Project
+ {[}N00014-08-1-0189]; Office of Naval Research {[}N00014-11-C-0487];
+ National Science Foundation {[}CMMI-1532528]}},
+Funding-Text = {{BLB and HEF would like to thank Dr. James Redmond for managing Sandia's
+ role in this work through the DOE Advanced Scientific Computing program.
+ SLBK and TRB would like to thank Dr. Dennis Croessmann and Dr. David Epp
+ for their management role supporting the experimental efforts at Sandia
+ for this work through the NNSA Weapon System Engineering and Assessment
+ Technology Engineering Campaign. JLB, SES, and CAJ would like to thank
+ DOE/NE and Ryan Bechtel for partially supporting their participation in
+ this challenge. The Sandia authors would like to thank the follow-ing
+ individuals for providing laboratory support of the experiments: Thomas
+ Crenshaw, John Laing, Jhana Gearhart, Mathew Ingraham, Artis Jackson,
+ Darren Pendley, Jack Heister, and Alice Kilgo. Sandia National
+ Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by
+ Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin
+ Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
+ Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work of
+ AJG and KRC at the University of Texas was performed during the course
+ of an investigation into ductile failure under two related research
+ programs funded by the Office of Naval Research: MURI Project
+ N00014-06-1-0505-A00001 and FNC Project: N00014-08-1-0189; this support
+ is gratefully acknowledged. The authors from GEM are grateful for the
+ support provided by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-11-C-0487) for
+ which Dr. Paul Hess and Dr. Ken Nahshon serve as the technical monitors.
+ KP and TW are grateful to Dr. Borja Erice at Ecole Polytechnique for the
+ development of the user material subroutine; thanks are also due to Dr.
+ Christian C. Roth at MIT for a valuable discussion. The authors
+ gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science
+ Foundation (Grant Number CMMI-1532528, ``Summit on Predictive Modeling
+ of Ductile Failure{''}) towards holding a Summit to discuss and distill
+ the results reported in this article.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{68}},
+Times-Cited = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{35}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DH4KV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000372755800002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000367277100071,
+Author = {Duan, Ping and Yan, Chunjie and Zhou, Wei},
+Title = {{Influence of partial replacement of fly ash by metakaolin on mechanical
+ properties and microstructure of fly ash geopolymer paste exposed to
+ sulfate attack}},
+Journal = {{CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{42}},
+Number = {{2, B}},
+Pages = {{3504-3517}},
+Month = {{FEB 1}},
+Abstract = {{This work aims to investigate compressive strength changes,
+ Vickers-hardness of exposed surface, microstructure evolution and pore
+ structure of geopolymer prepared using fly ash as resource material and
+ activated by sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions after
+ exposed to sulfate attack for 28, 90 and 180 days when fly ash was
+ partially replaced by metakaolin at levels ranging from 0\% to 20\% with
+ an interval of 5\%, by weight.
+ The experimental results uncover that geopolymer suffers strength loss
+ after sulfate attack exposure but gains strength with increasing
+ replacement level of fly ash by metakaolin from 5\% to 20\% and obvious
+ increasing in compressive strength could be observed when the
+ replacement percentage exceeds 15\%. The sulfate attack exposure shifts
+ the peak value of pore size to a higher value and leads to the
+ development of a macropore system with high porosity and deduction of
+ surface Vickers-hardness. A denser microstructure with higher surface
+ Vickers-hardness of metakaolin containing geopolymer can be obtained
+ compared to geopolymer without metakaolin. A good linear relationship
+ has been found between compressive strength loss and Vickers-hardness
+ values of exposed surface. Compressive strength loss in geopolymer after
+ sulfate attack exposure relates to the microcrack development and high
+ porosity. Longer exposure leads to higher deduction in compressive
+ strength and acceleration in deterioration degree which lead to
+ expansion stress and cracks. Partial replacement of fly ash by
+ metakaolin improves the mechanical properties, optimizes the
+ microstructure and reduces the level of damage from sulfate attack. (C)
+ 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yan, CJ (Reprint Author), China Univ Geosci, Fac Mat Sci \& Chem, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
+ Duan, Ping; Yan, Chunjie; Zhou, Wei, China Univ Geosci, Fac Mat Sci \& Chem, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
+ Duan, Ping; Yan, Chunjie, China Univ Geosci, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Nanogeomat, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
+ Duan, Ping; Yan, Chunjie, China Univ Geosci, Zhejiang Res Inst, Hangzhou 311305, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.10.154}},
+ISSN = {{0272-8842}},
+EISSN = {{1873-3956}},
+Keywords = {{Porosity; Geopolymer; Fly ash; Metakaolin; Sulfate attack; Mechanical
+ strength}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE; RICE HUSK ASH; DURABILITY CHARACTERISTICS;
+ COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; POZZOLANIC ACTIVITY; PORTLAND-CEMENT; PORE
+ STRUCTURE; SILICA FUME; SLAG; PERFORMANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Ceramics}},
+Author-Email = {{chjyan2005@126.com
+ chjyan2005@126.com}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51502272]; Fundamental
+ Researchal Universities {[}G1323511543]; China University of
+ Geosciences, Wuhan; Public Service Project of the Chinese Ministry of
+ Land and Resources {[}201311024]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
+ {[}1231512]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
+ (51502272), the Fundamental Researchal Universities (G1323511543), China
+ University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
+ (1231512) and Public Service Project of the Chinese Ministry of Land and
+ Resources (201311024).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{61}},
+Times-Cited = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{51}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Ceram. Int.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CZ7KA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000367277100071}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000364796400047,
+Author = {Vecchio, Kenneth S. and Jiang, Fengchun},
+Title = {{Fracture toughness of Ceramic-Fiber-Reinforced
+ Metallic-Intermetallic-Laminate (CFR-MIL) composites}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{649}},
+Pages = {{407-416}},
+Month = {{JAN 1}},
+Abstract = {{Novel Ceramic-Fiber-Reinforced-Metal-Intermetallic-Laminate (CFR-MIL)
+ composites, Ti-Al3Ti-Al2O3-Al, were synthesized by reactive foil
+ sintering in air. Microstructure controlled material architectures were
+ achieved with continuous Al2O3 fibers oriented in 0 and 90 layers to
+ form fully dense composites in which the volume fractions of all four
+ component phases can be tailored. Bend fracture specimens were cut from
+ the laminate plates in divider orientation, and bend tests were
+ performed to study the fracture behavior of CFR-MIL composites under
+ three-point and four-point bending loading conditions. The
+ microstructures and fractured surfaces of the CFR-MIL composites were
+ examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to
+ establish a correlation between the fracture toughness, fracture surface
+ morphology and microstructures of CFR-MIL composites. The fracture and
+ toughening mechanisms of the CFR-MIL composites are also addressed. The
+ present experimental results indicate that the fracture toughness of
+ CFR-MIL composites determined by three- and four-point bend loading
+ configurations are quite similar, and increased significantly compared
+ to MIL composites without ceramic fiber reinforcement. The interface
+ cracking behavior is related to the volume fraction of the brittle Al3Ti
+ phase and residual ductile Al, but the fracture toughness values appear
+ to be insensitive to the ratio of these two phases. The toughness
+ appears to be dominated by the ductility/strength of the Ti layers and
+ the strength and crack bridging effect of the ceramic fibers. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Vecchio, KS (Reprint Author), Univ Calif, Dept NanoEngn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
+ Vecchio, Kenneth S., Univ Calif, Dept NanoEngn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
+ Jiang, Fengchun, Harbin Engn Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Superlight Mat \& Surface Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.018}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{Ceramic-Fiber-Reinforced-Metal-Intermetallic-Laminate (CFR-MIL);
+ Fracture toughness}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MATRIX COMPOSITES; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; RESISTANCE-CURVE; VOLUME FRACTION;
+ STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; CRACK; BEND; INITIATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{kvecchio@ucsd.edu}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{39}},
+Times-Cited = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{11}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{44}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CW2BP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000364796400047}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000380002700005,
+Author = {Buljac, Ante and Taillandier-Thomas, Thibault and Morgeneyer, Thilo F.
+ and Helfen, Lukas and Roux, Stephane and Hild, Francois},
+Title = {{Slant strained band development during flat to slant crack transition in
+ AA 2198 T8 sheet: in situ 3D measurements}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{200}},
+Number = {{1-2, SI}},
+Pages = {{49-62}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{Symposium on Ductile Failure and Localization, Maison Polytechniciens,
+ Paris, FRANCE, MAR 17-20, 2016}},
+Organization = {{Int Union Theoret \& Appl Mech}},
+Abstract = {{In this work 3D strain and damage analyses are performed in the
+ immediate vicinity of the notch root of a flat CT-like specimen made of
+ aluminum alloy. Experimental data, partially exploited by Morgeneyer et
+ al. (Acta Mat 69:78-91, 2014b), were obtained by using synchrotron
+ laminography and the 3D reconstructed volumes are subsequently analyzed
+ via Digital volume correlation. These data enable for in situ
+ assessments of strain fields and ductile damage in the zone where the
+ stress triaxiality evolves from elevated to lower levels, which is
+ accompanied by flat-to-slant crack transition. The measured strain field
+ patterns in this area are analyzed herein in a systematic manner by
+ studying the incremental strain activity during several loading steps.
+ It is shown that from the very beginning of the loading history multiple
+ slant strained bands appear in front of the notch root while the
+ corresponding damage growth sets in at later loading stages and higher
+ strains. The activity of the different strained bands at the notch root
+ is alternating between different locations over the loading history.
+ However, the band leading to final rupture is always active. The region
+ where slant fracture occurs is identified to be in plane strain
+ condition with respect to the crack propagation direction.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Buljac, A (Reprint Author), Univ Paris Saclay, LMT, ENS Cachan, CNRS, 61 Ave President Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ Buljac, A (Reprint Author), PSL Res Univ, MAT Ctr Mat, MINES ParisTech, CNRS,UMR 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Buljac, Ante; Taillandier-Thomas, Thibault; Roux, Stephane; Hild, Francois, Univ Paris Saclay, LMT, ENS Cachan, CNRS, 61 Ave President Wilson, F-94235 Cachan, France.
+ Buljac, Ante; Taillandier-Thomas, Thibault; Morgeneyer, Thilo F., PSL Res Univ, MAT Ctr Mat, MINES ParisTech, CNRS,UMR 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry, France.
+ Helfen, Lukas, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, ANKA Inst Photon Sci \& Synchrotron Radiat, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
+ Helfen, Lukas, European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-015-0052-z}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+EISSN = {{1573-2673}},
+Keywords = {{Damage; Digital volume correlation; Flat-to-slant transition;
+ Laminography; Plasticity}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{RADIATION COMPUTED LAMINOGRAPHY; DIGITAL VOLUME CORRELATION; THIN
+ SHEETS; 2 GRADES; FRACTURE; INITIATION; ALLOY; 2024-ALUMINUM-ALLOY;
+ RECONSTRUCTION; HOLOTOMOGRAPHY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{buljac@lmt.ens-cachan.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Morgeneyer, Thilo/B-9696-2008}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Morgeneyer, Thilo/0000-0002-0278-9565}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{44}},
+Times-Cited = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DR6HJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000380002700005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000380002700002,
+Author = {Maire, Eric and Le Bourlot, Christophe and Adrien, Jerome and Mortensen,
+ Andreas and Mokso, Rajmund},
+Title = {{20 Hz X-ray tomography during an in situ tensile test}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{200}},
+Number = {{1-2, SI}},
+Pages = {{3-12}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Note = {{Symposium on Ductile Failure and Localization, Maison Polytechniciens,
+ Paris, FRANCE, MAR 17-20, 2016}},
+Organization = {{Int Union Theoret \& Appl Mech}},
+Abstract = {{This paper describes an in-situ tensile test in synchrotron tomography
+ achieved for the first time with a frequency of 20 tomograms per second
+ (20 Hz acquisition frequency). This allows us to capture rapid material
+ fracture processes, such as that of a metal matrix composite composed of
+ 45 \% of alumina particles embedded into 55 \% of pure aluminium, which
+ fractures by the sudden coalescence of internal damage. Qualitatively,
+ the images show the nucleation and propagation of a crack during 9 s
+ leading to total fracture of the sample. The images are then
+ post-processed quantitatively to analyze the evolving shape of the crack
+ and to derive the instantaneous speed of its tip. It is shown that the
+ crack clearly propagates from one particle to the next, pausing briefly
+ before propagating to the next particle, lending experimental support to
+ a local load sharing analysis of the fracture of this class of
+ composite.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article; Proceedings Paper}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Maire, E (Reprint Author), Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, UCBL,MATEIS, 7 Ave Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Maire, Eric; Le Bourlot, Christophe; Adrien, Jerome, Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, UCBL,MATEIS, 7 Ave Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
+ Mokso, Rajmund, Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
+ Mortensen, Andreas, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, LMM IMX STI, Stn 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s10704-016-0077-y}},
+ISSN = {{0376-9429}},
+EISSN = {{1573-2673}},
+Keywords = {{X-ray tomography; Fracture; Metal matrix composite}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MICRO-TOMOGRAPHY; FATIGUE-CRACK; PURE ALUMINUM; DAMAGE; VELOCITY;
+ METALS; PROPAGATION; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{eric.maire@insa-lyon.fr
+ andreas.mortensen@epfl.ch}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Mortensen, Andreas/0000-0002-8267-2008}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{32}},
+Times-Cited = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{7}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Fract.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DR6HJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000380002700002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000371324500022,
+Author = {Wang, Changchu and Fang, Qihong and Chen, Jianbin and Liu, Youwen and
+ Jin, Tan},
+Title = {{Subsurface damage in high-speed grinding of brittle materials
+ considering kinematic characteristics of the grinding process}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{83}},
+Number = {{5-8}},
+Pages = {{937-948}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{Subsurface damage (SSD) induced during abrasive grain machining process
+ strongly influences the mechanical strength and subsurface quality of
+ the brittle components. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the
+ relationship between SSD and grinding parameters. The methods of
+ theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental testing are
+ used to analyze the SSD of brittle materials in high-speed grinding. The
+ results of numerical simulation are consistent with those of theoretical
+ analysis and experimental testing, which indicates that the present
+ numerical method is reasonable. The investigation focuses on the effects
+ of wheel speed, grinding depth, and apex angle of the abrasive grain on
+ the SSD of brittle materials. It shows that when maximum undeformed chip
+ thickness (M-UCT) is greater than the critical thickness of brittle
+ fracture, the material removal is mainly in the brittle mode. A high
+ wheel speed is beneficial to achieving a good subsurface quality.
+ However, under certain conditions, an ultra-high wheel speed with quite
+ small grinding depth is not helpful in SSD control. Due to the kinematic
+ characteristics of the grinding process, the effect of grinding depth on
+ SSD is weaker than that of wheel speed and a smaller abrasive grain is
+ of advantage to subsurface quality. In addition, the grinding force is
+ one of the major factors influencing the subsurface quality.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER LONDON LTD}},
+Address = {{236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Fang, QH (Reprint Author), Hunan Univ, State Key Lab Adv Design \& Mfg Vehicle Body, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Fang, QH (Reprint Author), Hunan Univ, Coll Mech \& Vehicle Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Wang, Changchu; Fang, Qihong; Chen, Jianbin; Liu, Youwen, Hunan Univ, State Key Lab Adv Design \& Mfg Vehicle Body, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Wang, Changchu; Fang, Qihong; Chen, Jianbin; Liu, Youwen, Hunan Univ, Coll Mech \& Vehicle Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.
+ Jin, Tan, Hunan Univ, Natl Res Ctr High Efficiency Grinding, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00170-015-7627-8}},
+ISSN = {{0268-3768}},
+EISSN = {{1433-3015}},
+Keywords = {{Subsurface damage; High-speed grinding; Brittle materials; Kinematic
+ characteristics}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{OPTICAL-GLASS BK7; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS;
+ INDENTATION CRACKING; SIMULATION; CERAMICS; DUCTILE; SILICON;
+ INHOMOGENEITIES; MECHANISMS}},
+Research-Areas = {{Automation \& Control Systems; Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Automation \& Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing}},
+Author-Email = {{fangqh1327@hnu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NNSFC {[}11172094, 11372103, 11172095]; Hunan Provincial Science Fund
+ for Distinguished Young Scholars {[}2015JJ1006]; Fok Ying-Tong Education
+ Foundation, China {[}141005]; Interdisciplinary Research Project of
+ Hunan University; {[}NCET-11-0122]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to deeply appreciate the support from the NNSFC
+ (11172094, 11372103, and 11172095), the NCET-11-0122, the Hunan
+ Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (2015JJ1006),
+ the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation, China (141005), and the
+ Interdisciplinary Research Project of Hunan University.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{52}},
+Times-Cited = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DF4NB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000371324500022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000369190800022,
+Author = {Karayannis, Chris G. and Chalioris, Constantin E. and Angeli, Georgia M.
+ and Papadopoulos, Nikos A. and Favvata, Maria J. and Providakis, Costas
+ P.},
+Title = {{Experimental damage evaluation of reinforced concrete steel bars using
+ piezoelectric sensors}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{105}},
+Pages = {{227-244}},
+Month = {{FEB 15}},
+Abstract = {{This study presents an experimental effort for the damage assessment of
+ concrete reinforcing bars using bonded piezoelectric transducers and the
+ implementation of an integration analytical approach based on the
+ electromechanical admittance method. Tests are performed in (i) single
+ steel reinforcing bars with predefined and artificially induced damages
+ corresponding to two different damage states and (ii) steel reinforcing
+ bars embedded in typical large scale reinforced concrete beams subjected
+ to flexural load at two different loading levels (before and after
+ yielding) that inevitably cause two different damage levels. The damage
+ of the embedded steel bars in the concrete beams after yielding is the
+ result of excessive elongation of the bars due to yielding caused by
+ flexural deformation of the beams. Test measurements of healthy and
+ damaged steel bars and reinforced concrete beams have been conducted
+ using the developed monitoring system. The experimental program
+ comprises data acquisition of current intensity curves for healthy and
+ damaged bars as detected by the test instrumentation and implementation
+ of the adopted admittance-based procedure to evaluate damages at
+ different levels. It can be concluded that the sensitivity of the
+ piezoelectric transducers greatly depends on the selection of the
+ excitation frequencies. Admittance signatures showed a clear gradation
+ of the examined damage levels. The experimental results provide cogent
+ evidence that piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducers are
+ sensitive to damage detection in concrete and in steel reinforcing bars
+ from an early stage of the performed tests. Thus, the use of these
+ sensors for monitoring and detecting concrete cracking and steel
+ yielding by employing the electromechanical admittance approach can be
+ considered as a highly promising non-destructive structural health
+ monitoring method. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chalioris, CE (Reprint Author), Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Civil Engn, GR-67100 Xanthi, Greece.
+ Karayannis, Chris G.; Chalioris, Constantin E.; Angeli, Georgia M.; Papadopoulos, Nikos A.; Favvata, Maria J., Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Civil Engn, GR-67100 Xanthi, Greece.
+ Providakis, Costas P., Tech Univ Crete, Sch Architectural Engn, Khania 73100, Greece.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.019}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+EISSN = {{1879-0526}},
+Keywords = {{Reinforced concrete; Beam; Steel reinforcing bar; Piezoelectric lead
+ zirconate titanate transducer (PZT); Electromechanical admittance (EMA);
+ Damage detection; Experimental testing; Structural Health Monitoring
+ (SHM)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ELECTROMECHANICAL IMPEDANCE TECHNIQUE; PIEZO-TRANSDUCERS; PZT PATCHES;
+ JOINTS; PERFORMANCE; SIGNATURES; SYSTEM; BEAMS; CFRP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{chaliori@civil.duth.gr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Chalioris, Constantin/0000-0001-8283-1382}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union (European Social Fund - ESF); Greek National Funds
+ through the Operational Programme ``Education and Lifelong Learning{''}
+ of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding
+ Program: THALES. Investing in knowledge society through the European
+ Social Fund}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European
+ Social Fund - ESF) and Greek National Funds through the Operational
+ Programme ``Education and Lifelong Learning{''} of the National
+ Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: THALES.
+ Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{47}},
+Times-Cited = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{18}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DC4KW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000369190800022}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000367689000008,
+Author = {Ambati, Marreddy and Kruse, Roland and De Lorenzis, Laura},
+Title = {{A phase-field model for ductile fracture at finite strains and its
+ experimental verification}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Number = {{1}},
+Pages = {{149-167}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{In this paper, a phase-field model for ductile fracture previously
+ proposed in the kinematically linear regime is extended to the
+ three-dimensional finite strain setting, and its predictions are
+ qualitatively and quantitatively compared with several experimental
+ results, both from ad-hoc tests carried out by the authors and from the
+ available literature. The proposed model is based on the physical
+ assumption that fracture occurs when a scalar measure of the accumulated
+ plastic strain reaches a critical value, and such assumption is
+ introduced through the dependency of the phase-field degradation
+ function on this scalar measure. The proposed model is able to capture
+ the experimentally observed sequence of elasto-plastic deformation,
+ necking and fracture phenomena in flat specimens; the occurrence of
+ cup-and-cone fracture patterns in axisymmetric specimens; the role
+ played by notches and by their size on the measured displacement at
+ fracture; and the sequence of distinct cracking events observed in more
+ complex specimens.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{De Lorenzis, L (Reprint Author), TU Braunschweig, Inst Appl Mech, Braunschweig, Germany.
+ Ambati, Marreddy; Kruse, Roland; De Lorenzis, Laura, TU Braunschweig, Inst Appl Mech, Braunschweig, Germany.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00466-015-1225-3}},
+ISSN = {{0178-7675}},
+EISSN = {{1432-0924}},
+Keywords = {{Phase-field model; Finite strains; Ductile fracture; Elasto-plastic
+ solids; Finite element}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{GRADIENT DAMAGE MODELS; MAXIMUM PLASTIC DISSIPATION; CUP-CONE FRACTURE;
+ BRITTLE-FRACTURE; MULTIPLICATIVE DECOMPOSITION; ISOGEOMETRIC ANALYSIS;
+ NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; INCOMPATIBLE MODES; PROJECTION METHODS;
+ CRACK-PROPAGATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{l.delorenzis@tu-braunschweig.de}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Research Council, ERC {[}279439]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research was funded by the European Research Council, ERC Starting
+ Researcher Grant INTERFACES, Grant Agreement No. 279439.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{60}},
+Times-Cited = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{12}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DA3HY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000367689000008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000385600100070,
+Author = {Fu, Chuanqing and Ye, Hailong and Jin, Xianyu and Yan, Dongming and Jin,
+ Nanguo and Peng, Zhaoxiong},
+Title = {{Chloride penetration into concrete damaged by uniaxial tensile fatigue
+ loading}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{125}},
+Pages = {{714-723}},
+Month = {{OCT 30}},
+Abstract = {{In this work, the chloride penetration into concrete damaged by uniaxial
+ tensile fatigue loading was characterized. Various fatigue-damaged
+ concrete were exposed to two environmental conditions (i.e. immersion
+ and drying-wetting cycles) for different durations. A quantitative
+ correlation has been established to predict the effects of residual
+ strains on the apparent chloride diffusivity of fatigue-damaged
+ concrete. The experimental results show that the tensile fatigue damage
+ can accelerate the chloride penetration in concrete by 1.5-3.0 times,
+ when the magnitude of maximum tensile fatigue load is between 25\% and
+ 45\% of the ultimate tensile load of the specimen. When the maximum
+ fatigue load is greater than 30\% of the ultimate tensile loads, the
+ chloride penetration is substantially accelerated. In summary, the
+ chloride ingress into concrete is dependent on the exposure condition,
+ duration, type of binder, and degree of fatigue damage. (C) 2016
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yan, DM (Reprint Author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Civil Engn \& Architecture, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.
+ Fu, Chuanqing; Peng, Zhaoxiong, Zhejiang Univ Technol, Coll Civil Engn \& Architecture, Hangzhou 310034, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
+ Jin, Xianyu; Yan, Dongming; Jin, Nanguo, Zhejiang Univ, Coll Civil Engn \& Architecture, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.
+ Ye, Hailong, Penn State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, 3127 Res Dr, State Coll, PA 16801 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.096}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+EISSN = {{1879-0526}},
+Keywords = {{Chloride-induced corrosion; Concrete; Fatigue; Damaged concrete;
+ Residual strains}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REINFORCED-CONCRETE; SATURATED CONCRETE; PERMEABILITY; DIFFUSIVITY;
+ MICROCRACKING; DURABILITY; CORROSION; STRENGTH; CRACKING; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{chuanqingfu@126.com
+ yehailong1@gmail.com
+ dmyan@zju.edu.cn}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ye, Hailong/0000-0003-2665-3942}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Basic Research Program of the People's Republic of China
+ {[}2015CB655103]; National Natural Science Foundation {[}51308503,
+ 51578497, 514784192016]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The financial support from the National Basic Research Program (Grant
+ No. 2015CB655103), of the People's Republic of China and the National
+ Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 51308503, 51578497, and
+ 514784192016) is gratefully acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{7}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{13}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DZ1LO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000385600100070}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000374812200034,
+Author = {Cao, Mao-Sen and Xu, Wei and Ren, Wei-Xin and Ostachowicz, Wieslaw and
+ Sha, Gang-Gang and Pan, Li-Xia},
+Title = {{A concept of complex-wavelet modal curvature for detecting multiple
+ cracks in beams under noisy conditions}},
+Journal = {{MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{76-77}},
+Pages = {{555-575}},
+Month = {{AUG}},
+Abstract = {{Detection of multiple damage using modal curvature in noisy environments
+ has become a research focus of considerable challenge and great
+ significance over the last few years. However, a noticeable deficiency
+ of modal curvature is its susceptibility to noise, which usually results
+ in a noisy modal curvature with obscured damage signature. To address
+ this deficiency, this study formulates a new concept of complex-wavelet
+ modal curvature. Complex-wavelet modal curvature features the ability to
+ reveal and delineate damage under noisy conditions. The effectiveness of
+ the concept is analytically verified using cracked beams with various
+ types of boundary conditions. The applicability is further
+ experimentally validated by an aluminum beam with a single crack and a
+ carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composite beam with three cracks in the
+ laboratory with mode shapes measured by a scanning laser vibrometer.
+ Both analytical and experimental results have demonstrated that the
+ complex-wavelet modal curvature is capable of revealing slight damage by
+ eliminating noise interference, with no need for prior knowledge of
+ either material properties or boundary conditions of the beam under
+ inspection. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Cao, MS (Reprint Author), Hohai Univ, Coll Mech \& Mat, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
+ Cao, Mao-Sen; Xu, Wei; Sha, Gang-Gang; Pan, Li-Xia, Hohai Univ, Coll Mech \& Mat, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
+ Ren, Wei-Xin, Hefei Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Hefei 230009, Peoples R China.
+ Ostachowicz, Wieslaw, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Fluid Flow Machinery, PL-80231 Gdansk, Poland.
+ Ostachowicz, Wieslaw, Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Automot \& Construct Machinery, PL-02524 Warsaw, Poland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.01.012}},
+ISSN = {{0888-3270}},
+Keywords = {{Wavelet transform; Complex wavelet; Damage detection; Mode shape;
+ Fracture mechanics; Scanning laser vibrometer}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TIME-FREQUENCY LOCALIZATION; DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION; NATURAL FREQUENCIES;
+ CANTILEVER BEAM; TEAGER ENERGY; SHAPE; TRANSFORM; PLATES; LOCATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical}},
+Author-Email = {{cmszhy@hhu.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Key Natural Science Foundation of China {[}11132003]; Fundamental
+ Research Funds for Key Universities in China {[}2014B03914, 2012B05814]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful for the partial support provided by Key Natural
+ Science Foundation of China (No. 11132003) and the Fundamental Research
+ Funds for the Key Universities in China (Grant nos. 2014B03914 and
+ 2012B05814).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{67}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mech. Syst. Signal Proc.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DK3JF}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000374812200034}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000380298400079,
+Author = {Lee, Mm Wook and Sett, Soumyadip and Yoon, Sam S. and Yarin, Alexander
+ L.},
+Title = {{Fatigue of Self-Healing Nanofiber-based Composites: Static Test and
+ Subcritical Crack Propagation}},
+Journal = {{ACS APPLIED MATERIALS \& INTERFACES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{8}},
+Number = {{28}},
+Pages = {{18462-18470}},
+Month = {{JUL 20}},
+Abstract = {{Here, we studied the self-healing of composite materials filled with
+ epoxy-containing nanofibers. An initial incision in the middle of a
+ composite sample stretched in a static fatigue test can result in either
+ crack propagation or healing. In this study, crack evolution was
+ observed in real time. A binary epoxy, which acted as a self-healing
+ agent, was encapsulated in two separate types of interwoven
+ nano/microfibers formed by dual-solution blowing, with the core
+ containing either epoxy or hardener and the shell being formed from
+ poly(vinylidene fluoride)/ poly(ethylene oxide) mixture. The core shell
+ fibers were encased in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix. When the fibers
+ were damaged by a growing crack in this fiber-reinforced composite
+ material because of static stretching in the fatigue test, they broke
+ and released the healing agent into the crack area. The epoxy used in
+ this study was cured and solidified for approximately an hour at room
+ temperature, which then conglutinated and healed the damaged location.
+ The observations were made for at least several hours and in some cases
+ up to several days. It was revealed that the presence of the healing
+ agent (the epoxy) in the fibers successfully prevented the propagation
+ of cracks in stretched samples subjected to the fatigue test. A
+ theoretical analysis of subcritical cracks was performed, and it
+ revealed a jumplike growth of subcritical cracks, which was in
+ qualitative agreement with the experimental results.}},
+Publisher = {{AMER CHEMICAL SOC}},
+Address = {{1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yarin, AL (Reprint Author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
+ Yoon, SS; Yarin, AL (Reprint Author), Korea Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea.
+ Lee, Mm Wook; Sett, Soumyadip; Yarin, Alexander L., Univ Illinois, Dept Mech \& Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
+ Yoon, Sam S.; Yarin, Alexander L., Korea Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Seoul 136713, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1021/acsami.6b05390}},
+ISSN = {{1944-8244}},
+Keywords = {{self-healing; nanofiber; composite; fatigue; crack propagation}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CORE-SHELL NANOFIBERS; MICROVASCULAR NETWORKS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
+ POLYMERS; RUBBER; TIME}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{skyoon@korea.ac.kr
+ ayarin@uic.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{International Collaboration Program - Agency for Defense Development}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the International Collaboration Program
+ funded by the Agency for Defense Development.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{42}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{17}},
+Journal-ISO = {{ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DS0PE}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000380298400079}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000376696600077,
+Author = {Alavi, Amir H. and Hasni, Hassene and Lajnef, Nizar and Chatti, Karim},
+Title = {{Continuous health monitoring of pavement systems using smart sensing
+ technology}},
+Journal = {{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{114}},
+Pages = {{719-736}},
+Month = {{JUL 1}},
+Abstract = {{Recently, significant attention has been devoted to the utilization of
+ new sensing technologies for pavement maintenance and preservation
+ systems. This study presents a new approach for the continuous health
+ monitoring of asphalt concrete pavements based on piezoelectric
+ self-powered sensing technology. The beauty of this technology is that
+ the signal sensed by the piezoelectric transducers from traffic loading
+ can be used both for empowering the self-powered sensors and damage
+ diagnosis. Numerical and experimental studies were carried out to
+ evaluate the damage detection performance of the proposed self-sustained
+ sensing system. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was
+ performed to obtain the pavement responses under moving tire loading.
+ Damage was introduced as bottom-up fatigue cracks at the bottom of the
+ asphalt layer. Thereafter, features extracted from the dynamic strain
+ data for a number of sensing nodes were used to detect the damage
+ progression. The laboratory tests were carried out on an asphalt
+ concrete specimen in three point bending mode. For the protection of the
+ embedded sensors, a new miniaturized spherical packaging system was
+ designed and tested. Based on the results of the numerical study, the
+ sensing nodes located along the loading path are capable of detecting
+ the damage progression. Besides, the experimental study indicates that
+ the proposed method is efficient in detecting different damage states
+ including crack propagation. Finally, the possibility of localizing the
+ damage and quantifying its severity was investigated and discussed. (C)
+ 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Alavi, AH (Reprint Author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
+ Alavi, Amir H.; Hasni, Hassene; Lajnef, Nizar; Chatti, Karim, Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.128}},
+ISSN = {{0950-0618}},
+EISSN = {{1879-0526}},
+Keywords = {{Pavement health monitoring; Self-powered wireless sensor; Fatigue
+ cracking; Damage}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE DETECTION; CONCRETE STRUCTURES; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; WIRELESS
+ SENSOR; ASPHALT PAVEMENTS; INSTRUMENTATION; NETWORKS; CLASSIFICATION;
+ THICKNESSES; PERFORMANCE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Construction \& Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials
+ Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{alavi@msu.edu
+ hasniha1@msu.edu
+ lajnefni@egr.msu.edu
+ chatti@egr.msu.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) {[}DTFH61-13-C-00015]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The presented work is supported by a research grant from the Federal
+ Highway Administration (FHWA) (DTFH61-13-C-00015).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{75}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{36}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Constr. Build. Mater.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DM9OW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000376696600077}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000379015700008,
+Author = {Ding, Qi-Le and Ju, Feng and Mao, Xian-Biao and Ma, Dan and Yu,
+ Bang-Yong and Song, Shuai-Bing},
+Title = {{Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior in Unloading
+ Conditions of Sandstone After High-Temperature Treatment}},
+Journal = {{ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{49}},
+Number = {{7}},
+Pages = {{2641-2653}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{A detailed understanding of damage evolution in rock after
+ high-temperature treatment in unloading conditions is extremely
+ important in underground engineering applications, such as the disposal
+ of highly radioactive nuclear waste, underground coal gasification, and
+ post-disaster reconstruction. We have studied the effects of temperature
+ (200, 400, 600 and 800 A degrees C) and confining pressure (20, 30 and
+ 40 MPa) on the mechanical properties of sandstone. Scanning electron
+ microscopy studies revealed that at temperatures exceeding 400 A degrees
+ C, new cracks formed, and original cracks extended substantially. When
+ the confining pressure was 20 MPa, a temperature increase from 400 to
+ 800 A degrees C resulted in a 75.2\% increase in peak strain, a decrease
+ in Young's modulus and peak strength of 62.5 and 35.8 \%, respectively,
+ and transition of the failure mechanism from brittleness to ductility.
+ In the triaxial compression tests, the specimen deformed in a more
+ obvious ductile failure manner at higher confining pressure, whereas in
+ the unloading confining pressure experiments, brittle failure was more
+ obvious when the initial confining pressure was higher. We focused on
+ the effects of temperature and initial confining pressure on peak
+ effective loading stress and peak ductile deformation during unloading.
+ At temperatures of > 400 A degrees C, the peak ductile deformation
+ increased rapidly with increases in the high temperature treatment or
+ initial confining pressure. The peak effective loading stress decreased
+ sharply with increased temperature but barely changed when the initial
+ confining pressure was varied.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER WIEN}},
+Address = {{SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Ju, F (Reprint Author), China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Xuzhou 221116, Peoples R China.
+ Ding, Qi-Le, China Univ Min \& Technol, Sch Mines, State Key Lab Coal Resources \& Safe Min, Xuzhou 221116, Peoples R China.
+ Ju, Feng; Mao, Xian-Biao; Ma, Dan; Yu, Bang-Yong; Song, Shuai-Bing, China Univ Min \& Technol, State Key Lab Geomech \& Deep Underground Engn, Xuzhou 221116, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00603-016-0944-x}},
+ISSN = {{0723-2632}},
+EISSN = {{1434-453X}},
+Keywords = {{Sandstone; High temperature; Unloading confining pressure; Mechanical
+ behavior; Laboratory tests}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{STRATHBOGIE GRANITE; THERMAL-DAMAGE; ROCK; PERMEABILITY; EVOLUTION;
+ PRESSURE; MUDSTONE; POROSITY; ENERGY; MARBLE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Geology}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{fjucumt@126.com}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Ma, Dan/0000-0002-3347-2026}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Basic Research Program of China {[}2013CB227900]; National
+ Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51304206, U1261201]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
+ (Grant No. 2013CB227900) and the National Natural Science Foundation of
+ China (Grant No. 51304206 and No. U1261201). The authors also thank the
+ editor, two anonymous reviewers, and Dr. W. M. Yang for their valuable
+ suggestions, which have greatly improved this paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{34}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{93}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{146}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Rock Mech. Rock Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DQ2EV}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000379015700008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000378190600014,
+Author = {Qi, M. and Shao, J. F. and Giraud, A. and Zhu, Q. Z. and Colliat, J. B.},
+Title = {{Damage and plastic friction in initially anisotropic quasi brittle
+ materials}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{82}},
+Pages = {{260-282}},
+Month = {{JUL}},
+Abstract = {{A three dimensional micro-mechanical model is developed for modeling
+ micro-crack growth and plastic frictional sliding in initially
+ anisotropic quasi brittle materials under compressive loading.
+ Macroscopic strains are attributed to elastic deformation of matrix and
+ displacement discontinuity on micro-cracks. Effective elastic properties
+ of cracked materials are determined using a Eshelby's solution based
+ linear homogenization technique by considering micro-cracks as
+ spheroidal inclusions. An efficient numerical method is used to
+ calculate Hill polarization tensor for spheroidal micro-cracks
+ arbitrarily embedded in transversely isotropic solid matrix. Based on
+ this, the plastic strain related to frictional sliding on closed
+ micro-cracks is determined by combining irreversible thermodynamics and
+ homogenization method. A specific plastic friction criterion is
+ formulated in terms of the local stress field on crack surfaces. The
+ presence of a back stress tensor allows description of material
+ hardening and softening without any additional functions. A specific
+ damage evolution law is finally proposed. The evolutions of the
+ friction-related plastic strain and crack-propagation induced damage are
+ inherently coupled. A series of numerical assessments are presented for
+ various loading paths such as uniaxial compression, triaxial compression
+ and shear. The obtained numerical results clearly reveal that the
+ macroscopic behaviors of cracked materials are strongly affected by the
+ initial anisotropy. Finally, the performance of the proposed
+ micro-mechanical model is verified by comparing numerical results and
+ experimental data for a typical rock-like materials, shale. (C) 2016
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Shao, JF (Reprint Author), Univ Lille, Lab Mech Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Qi, M.; Shao, J. F.; Zhu, Q. Z., Hohai Univ, Coll Civil \& Transportat Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
+ Qi, M.; Shao, J. F.; Colliat, J. B., Univ Lille, Lab Mech Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
+ Giraud, A., Univ Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources Lab, UMR7359, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Ls Nancy, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.03.008}},
+ISSN = {{0749-6419}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2154}},
+Keywords = {{Porous material; Rock; Concrete; Constitutive behaviour; Voids and
+ inclusions}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; DUCTILE DAMAGE; FRAMEWORK; ELASTOPLASTICITY;
+ COMPOSITES; INCLUSIONS; CONCRETE; ENERGY}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{jian-fu.shao@polytech-lille.fr}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{giraud, albert/O-6888-2015
+ Zhu, Qizhi/E-4187-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{giraud, albert/0000-0002-6310-0864
+ Zhu, Qizhi/0000-0003-2749-4998}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{TOTAL Scientific and Technical Center at Pau {[}FR6770]; Natural Science
+ Foundation of China {[}11272114]; TAMER European project (Trans-Atlantic
+ Micromechanics Evolving Research Materials containing inhomogeneities of
+ diverse physical properties,shapes and orientations), FP7 Project TAMER
+ {[}IRSES-GA-2013-610547]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The joint supports to this work by TOTAL Scientific and Technical Center
+ at Pau through the grant FR6770 and the Natural Science Foundation of
+ China through the grant 11272114 are gratefully acknowledged. The third
+ author (A. Giraud) gratefully acknowledges the support from TAMER
+ European project (Trans-Atlantic Micromechanics Evolving Research
+ Materials containing inhomogeneities of diverse physical
+ properties,shapes and orientations), FP7 Project TAMER
+ IRSES-GA-2013-610547.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{8}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Plast.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DP0PB}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000378190600014}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000371781200003,
+Author = {Liu, Libin and Liang, Xihui and Zuo, Ming J.},
+Title = {{Vibration signal modeling of a planetary gear set with transmission path
+ effect analysis}},
+Journal = {{MEASUREMENT}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{85}},
+Pages = {{20-31}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{For a planetary gear set, the transducer-perceived vibration signal
+ contains vibration information from multiple sources including the sun
+ gear, planet gears, and the ring gear. All these vibration sources are
+ subject to corresponding transmission path effects. In this paper, a
+ comprehensive vibration signal model for a planetary gear set is
+ proposed considering all the vibration sources and transmission path
+ effects. Vibration sources were generated with a nonlinear
+ two-dimensional lumped-parameter dynamic model. Transmission path
+ effects are modeled as two parts: the part inside the gearbox to the
+ casing and the other part along the casing to the transducer position.
+ Given the gear sizes, the transmission path effect modeling parameters
+ are estimated. Then the influences of different transmission paths on
+ resultant vibration signals are analyzed. Some vibration characteristics
+ are revealed for one healthy planetary gear set. These vibration
+ characteristics are validated with lab experimental data in both time
+ domain and frequency domain. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Zuo, MJ (Reprint Author), Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
+ Liu, Libin; Liang, Xihui; Zuo, Ming J., Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.measurement.2016.02.006}},
+ISSN = {{0263-2241}},
+EISSN = {{1873-412X}},
+Keywords = {{Planetary gear set; Dynamic modeling; Vibration signal modeling;
+ Transmission path effect; Vibration analysis}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{MESH STIFFNESS; FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; TOOTH CRACK; GEARBOXES; DAMAGE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments \& Instrumentation}},
+Author-Email = {{ming.zuo@ualberta.ca}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{liang, xihui/S-4239-2016}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{liang, xihui/0000-0003-1192-1238}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC);
+ China Scholarship Council (CSC); Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures
+ (AITF); Alberta Innovation \& Advanced Education}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering
+ Research Council of Canada (NSERC), China Scholarship Council (CSC),
+ Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures (AITF), and Alberta Innovation \&
+ Advanced Education. Comments and suggestions from anonymous reviewers
+ and the Editor are highly appreciated.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{26}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Measurement}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DG0UM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000371781200003}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000372689700008,
+Author = {Seisson, G. and Prudhomme, G. and Frugier, P. -A. and Hebert, D. and
+ Lescoute, E. and Sollier, A. and Videau, L. and Mercier, P. and Boustie,
+ M. and Berthe, L.},
+Title = {{Dynamic fragmentation of graphite under laser-driven shocks:
+ Identification of four damage regimes}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{91}},
+Pages = {{68-79}},
+Month = {{MAY}},
+Abstract = {{This study presents the results of a large experimental campaign
+ conducted on, the Luli2000 laser facility. Thin targets of a commercial
+ grade of porous graphite were submitted to high-power laser-driven
+ shocks leading to their fragmentation. Many diagnostics were used such
+ as high-speed time- and space resolved imaging systems (shadowgraphy and
+ photography), laser velocimetry (PDV and VISAR), debris collection and
+ post-mortem X-ray tomography. They provided the loading levels into the
+ targets, the spall strength of the material, the shape and size of
+ debris and the localization of the subsurface cracks. The crossed data
+ reduction of all the records showed their reliability and allowed to get
+ a better insight into the damage phenomena at play in graphite. Thereby,
+ four damage regimes, ranked according to their severity and loading
+ level, were identified. It confirms that laser shocks are very
+ complementary to classical impact tests (plates and spheres) since they
+ ally two-dimensional loadings to the possibility of using both, in-situ
+ and post-mortem diagnostics. Finally, the campaign shall be able to
+ provide large and consistent data to develop and adjust reliable models
+ for shock wave propagation and damage into porous graphite. (C) 2016
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Seisson, G (Reprint Author), CEA, DIF, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chetel, Arpajon, France.
+ Seisson, G.; Prudhomme, G.; Frugier, P. -A.; Lescoute, E.; Sollier, A.; Videau, L.; Mercier, P., CEA, DIF, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chetel, Arpajon, France.
+ Hebert, D., CEA, CESTA, 15 Ave Sablieres CS60001, F-33116 Le Barp, France.
+ Boustie, M., Univ Poitiers, CNRS, Inst P, UPR3346,ENSMA, 1 Ave Clement Aden, F-86961 Futuroscope, France.
+ Berthe, L., Arts \& Metiers ParisTech, UPR8006, CNRS, Lab PIMM, 151 Blvd Hop, F-75013 Paris, France.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.12.012}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3509}},
+Keywords = {{Carbon; Damage; PDV; VISAR; Strength}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{TARGETS; WAVES; ALUMINUM; PLASMA; VELOCITIES; SIMULATION; METALS; IMPACT}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{gabriel.seisson@cea.fr}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{BERTHE, Laurent /0000-0002-9978-9843}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{French Lasers and Plasmas Institute {[}ILP - FR2707]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors would like to thank Yannick Pannier (Institut P' - UPR3346)
+ for his help conducting the tomographies and all the LULI staff members
+ for their technical and administrative support during the campaign. The
+ access to the Luli2000 facility was granted by the French Lasers and
+ Plasmas Institute (ILP - FR2707).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{19}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DH3LY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000372689700008}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000371550000046,
+Author = {Martinez-Paneda, Emilio and Garcia, Tomas E. and Rodriguez, Cristina},
+Title = {{Fracture toughness characterization through notched small punch test
+ specimens}},
+Journal = {{MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
+ MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{657}},
+Pages = {{422-430}},
+Month = {{MAR 7}},
+Abstract = {{In this work a novel methodology for fracture toughness characterization
+ by means of the small punch test (SPT) is presented. Notched specimens
+ are employed and fracture resistance is assessed through a critical
+ value of the notch mouth displacement delta(SPT). Finite element
+ simulations and interrupted experiments are used to track the evolution
+ of delta(SPT) as a function of the punch displacement. The onset of
+ crack propagation is identified by means of a ductile damage model and
+ the outcome is compared to the crack tip opening displacement estimated
+ from conventional tests at crack initiation. The proposed
+ numerical-experimental scheme is examined with two different grades of
+ CrMoV steel and the differences in material toughness captured.
+ Limitations and uncertainties arising from the different damage
+ phenomena observed in the lowest toughness material examined are
+ thoroughly discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Martinez-Paneda, E (Reprint Author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Construct \& Mfg Engn, Gijon 33203, Spain.
+ Martinez-Paneda, Emilio; Garcia, Tomas E.; Rodriguez, Cristina, Univ Oviedo, Dept Construct \& Mfg Engn, Gijon 33203, Spain.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.msea.2016.01.077}},
+ISSN = {{0921-5093}},
+EISSN = {{1873-4936}},
+Keywords = {{Small punch test; Fracture toughness; Damage; Finite elements; ODD}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DUCTILE FRACTURE; DAMAGE; PARAMETERS; STEELS; METHODOLOGY; TENSILE;
+ GROWTH; MODELS; VOIDS; CRACK}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy \&
+ Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Nanoscience \& Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
+ Metallurgy \& Metallurgical Engineering}},
+Author-Email = {{mail@empaneda.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Martinez-Paneda, Emilio/B-1238-2013}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Martinez-Paneda, Emilio/0000-0002-1562-097X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain {[}MAT2011-28796-CO3-03];
+ University of Oviedo {[}UNOV-13-PF]; Principado de Asturias Regional
+ Government through the Severo Ochoa Scholarship Programme {[}BP12-160]}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support form the Ministry
+ of Science and Innovation of Spain through Grant MAT2011-28796-CO3-03.
+ E. Martinez-Paneda also acknowledges financial support from University
+ of Oviedo through Grant UNOV-13-PF. T.E. Garcia additionally
+ acknowledges financial support form Principado de Asturias Regional
+ Government through the Severo Ochoa Scholarship Programme (BP12-160).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{27}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{8}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DF7PL}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000371550000046}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000367399200002,
+Author = {Saucedo-Mora, Luis and Mostafavi, Mahmoud and Khoshkhou, Danial and
+ Reinhard, Christina and Atwood, Robert and Zhao, Shuang and Connolly,
+ Brian and Marrow, Thomas James},
+Title = {{Observation and simulation of indentation damage in a SiC-SiCfibre
+ ceramic matrix composite}},
+Journal = {{FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{110}},
+Pages = {{11-19}},
+Month = {{MAR}},
+Abstract = {{FEMME, a multi-scale Finite Element Microstructure MEshfree fracture
+ model has been applied to simulate the effect of microstructure on the
+ development of discontinuous cracking and damage coalescence during the
+ Hertzian indentation of a SiC-SiC fibre composite. This was studied
+ experimentally by digital volume correlation analysis of high-resolution
+ synchrotron X-ray computed tomographs, which quantified the damage via
+ measurement of the 3D displacement fields within the material. The
+ experimental data are compared with the model simulations, and
+ demonstrate the applicability of the modelling strategy to simulate
+ damage development in a heterogeneous quasi-brittle material. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
+Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Saucedo-Mora, L (Reprint Author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
+ Saucedo-Mora, Luis; Marrow, Thomas James, Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
+ Mostafavi, Mahmoud, Univ Bristol, Dept Mech Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
+ Khoshkhou, Danial; Connolly, Brian, Univ Birmingham, Dept Met \& Mat, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
+ Reinhard, Christina; Atwood, Robert, Harwell Sci \& Innovat Campus, Diamond Light Source, Chilton, England.
+ Zhao, Shuang, Natl Univ Def Technol, Key Lab Adv Ceram Fibers \& Composites, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.finel.2015.11.003}},
+ISSN = {{0168-874X}},
+EISSN = {{1872-6925}},
+Keywords = {{X-ray computed tomography; Digital volume correlation; Hertzian
+ indentation; Microstructure; SiC-SiC fibre composite; Finite elements;
+ Meshfree; Multi-scale}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DIGITAL VOLUME CORRELATION; X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
+ SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONTACT; MODEL; STRENGTH;
+ FRACTURE}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{luis.saucedomora@materials.ox.ac.uk}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Saucedo-Mora, Luis/0000-0003-1091-6875
+ Marrow, Thomas/0000-0001-6120-9826}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{UK EPSRC {[}EP/J019992/1]; Oxford Martin School; Linacre College, Oxford}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was carried out with the support of the UK EPSRC project
+ ``QUBE: Quasi-Brittle fracture: a 3D Experimentally-validated
+ approach{''} (EP/J019992/1) and also contributes to the Joint Programme
+ on Nuclear Materials (JPNM) of the European Energy Research Alliance
+ (EERA). The authors acknowledge the beam time award at the Joint
+ Engineering, Environmental and Processing (112) beamline (Experiment
+ EE7730) and the help of Dr. H. Cetinel and Mr. S. Barhli to conduct the
+ experiment. MM and TJM gratefully acknowledge the support of Oxford
+ Martin School and MM acknowledges the support of Linacre College, Oxford
+ through a Junior Research Fellowship. The Manchester X-Ray Imaging
+ Facility (Dr. S.A. McDonald and Professor P.M. Mummery) are thanked for
+ the loan of the loading rig.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{35}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{37}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Finite Elem. Anal. Des.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{CZ9DY}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000367399200002}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000369377400001,
+Author = {Yan, Zhonghua and Zhang, Chuanchao and Liu, Wei and Li, Jinshan and
+ Huang, Ming and Wang, Xuming and Zhou, Guorui and Tan, Bisheng and Yang,
+ Zongwei and Li, Zhijie and Li, Li and Yan, Hongwei and Yuan, Xiaodong
+ and Zu, Xiaotao},
+Title = {{Ultraviolet Laser-induced ignition of RDX single crystal}},
+Journal = {{SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{6}},
+Month = {{FEB 5}},
+Abstract = {{The RDX single crystals are ignited by ultraviolet laser (355 nm, 6.4
+ ns) pulses. The laser-induced damage morphology consisted of two
+ distinct regions: a core region of layered fracture and a peripheral
+ region of stripped material surrounding the core. As laser fluence
+ increases, the area of the whole crack region increases all the way,
+ while both the area and depth of the core region increase firstly, and
+ then stay stable over the laser fluence of 12 J/cm(2). The experimental
+ details indicate the dynamics during laser ignition process. Plasma
+ fireball of high temperature and pressure occurs firstly, followed by
+ the micro-explosions on the (210) surface, and finally shock waves
+ propagate through the materials to further strip materials outside and
+ yield in-depth cracks in larger surrounding region. The plasma fireball
+ evolves from isotropic to anisotropic under higher laser fluence
+ resulting in the damage expansion only in lateral direction while
+ maintaining the fixed depth. The primary insights into the interaction
+ dynamics between laser and energetic materials can help developing the
+ superior laser ignition technique.}},
+Publisher = {{NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP}},
+Address = {{MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Liu, W (Reprint Author), Univ Elect Sci \& Technol China, Sch Phys Elect, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
+ Liu, W (Reprint Author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
+ Yuan, XD (Reprint Author), China Acad Engn Phys, Res Ctr Laser Fus, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China.
+ Yan, Zhonghua; Liu, Wei; Wang, Xuming; Li, Zhijie; Li, Li; Zu, Xiaotao, Univ Elect Sci \& Technol China, Sch Phys Elect, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
+ Yan, Zhonghua; Liu, Wei, Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci \& Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
+ Zhang, Chuanchao; Zhou, Guorui; Yan, Hongwei; Yuan, Xiaodong, China Acad Engn Phys, Res Ctr Laser Fus, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China.
+ Li, Jinshan; Huang, Ming; Tan, Bisheng; Yang, Zongwei, China Acad Engn Phys, Inst Chem Mat, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China.}},
+DOI = {{10.1038/srep20251}},
+Article-Number = {{20251}},
+ISSN = {{2045-2322}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ENERGETIC MATERIALS; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE TRINITRAMINE; PENTAERYTHRITOL
+ TETRANITRATE; LEAD AZIDE; INITIATION; EXPLOSIVES; RADIATION; WAVELENGTH;
+ MECHANISM; GROWTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
+Author-Email = {{weiliu@uestc.edu.cn
+ yxd66my@163.com}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Liu, Wei/C-2366-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Liu, Wei/0000-0002-4403-737X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{NSAF Joint Foundation of China {[}U1330108]; National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China {[}11372289]; China Scholarship Council
+ {[}201506075044]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
+ Universities {[}ZYGX2014J035]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Z.J. Li was financially supported by the NSAF Joint Foundation of China
+ (NO. U1330108), B.S. Tan was supported by the National Natural Science
+ Foundation of China (NO. 11372289), W. Liu was supported by the Project
+ Sponsored by the China Scholarship Council (NO. 201506075044), the
+ Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYGX2014J035).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{24}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Sci Rep}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DC7CW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000369377400001}},
+OA = {{gold}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000371898800050,
+Author = {Al-Rawabdeh, Abdulla and He, Fangning and Moussa, Adel and El-Sheimy,
+ Naser and Habib, Ayman},
+Title = {{Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Digital Imaging System to Derive
+ a 3D Point Cloud for Landslide Scarp Recognition}},
+Journal = {{REMOTE SENSING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{8}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{Landslides often cause economic losses, property damage, and loss of
+ lives. Monitoring landslides using high spatial and temporal resolution
+ imagery and the ability to quickly identify landslide regions are the
+ basis for emergency disaster management. This study presents a
+ comprehensive system that uses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and
+ Semi-Global dense Matching (SGM) techniques to identify and extract
+ landslide scarp data. The selected study area is located along a major
+ highway in a mountainous region in Jordan, and contains creeping
+ landslides induced by heavy rainfall. Field observations across the
+ slope body and a deformation analysis along the highway and existing
+ gabions indicate that the slope is active and that scarp features across
+ the slope will continue to open and develop new tension crack features,
+ leading to the downward movement of rocks. The identification of
+ landslide scarps in this study was performed via a dense 3D point cloud
+ of topographic information generated from high-resolution images
+ captured using a low-cost UAV and a target-based camera calibration
+ procedure for a low-cost large-field-of-view camera. An automated
+ approach was used to accurately detect and extract the landslide head
+ scarps based on geomorphological factors: the ratio of normalized
+ Eigenvalues (i.e., 1/2 3) derived using principal component analysis,
+ topographic surface roughness index values, and local-neighborhood slope
+ measurements from the 3D image-based point cloud. Validation of the
+ results was performed using root mean square error analysis and a
+ confusion (error) matrix between manually digitized landslide scarps and
+ the automated approaches. The experimental results using the fully
+ automated 3D point-based analysis algorithms show that these approaches
+ can effectively distinguish landslide scarps. The proposed algorithms
+ can accurately identify and extract landslide scarps with
+ centimeter-scale accuracy. In addition, the combination of UAV-based
+ imagery, 3D scene reconstruction, and landslide scarp
+ recognition/extraction algorithms can provide flexible and effective
+ tool for monitoring landslide scarps and is acceptable for landslide
+ mapping purposes.}},
+Publisher = {{MDPI AG}},
+Address = {{ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Al-Rawabdeh, A (Reprint Author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
+ Al-Rawabdeh, Abdulla; Moussa, Adel; El-Sheimy, Naser, Univ Calgary, Dept Geomat Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
+ He, Fangning; Habib, Ayman, Purdue Univ, Lyles Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
+ Moussa, Adel, Port Said Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Port Said 42523, Egypt.}},
+DOI = {{10.3390/rs8020095}},
+Article-Number = {{95}},
+ISSN = {{2072-4292}},
+Keywords = {{landslides scarps; geomorphology; slope; surface roughness; Semi-Global
+ dense matching (SGM); unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{REMOTE-SENSING TECHNIQUES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STABILITY ANALYSIS; HAZARD
+ ASSESSMENT; MOUNTAIN BELT; DEBRIS FLOWS; LOW-COST; GIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
+ FEATURES}},
+Research-Areas = {{Remote Sensing}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Remote Sensing}},
+Author-Email = {{amalrawa@ucalgary.ca
+ he270@purdue.edu
+ amelsaye@ucalgary.ca
+ elsheimy@ucalgary.ca
+ ahabib@purdue.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Yarmouk University in Jordan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
+ Council of Canada (NSERC); University of Calgary}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors are grateful to Yarmouk University in Jordan for financing
+ the first author's scholarship at the Department of Geomatics
+ Engineering in University of Calgary, Canada. We also express our
+ gratitude to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
+ Canada (NSERC) and the University of Calgary for the financial support
+ given through human resources. The authors would like to express their
+ appreciation for the anonymous reviewers and editors, whose comments
+ have helped to improve the overall quality of this paper.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{109}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{14}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{61}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Remote Sens.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DG2LO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000371898800050}},
+OA = {{gold}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000372284300005,
+Author = {Petracca, Massimo and Pela, Luca and Rossi, Riccardo and Oller, Sergio
+ and Camata, Guido and Spacone, Enrico},
+Title = {{Regularization of first order computational homogenization for
+ multiscale analysis of masonry structures}},
+Journal = {{COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{57}},
+Number = {{2}},
+Pages = {{257-276}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{This paper investigates the possibility of using classical first order
+ computational homogenization together with a simple regularization
+ procedure based on the fracture energy of the micro-scale-constituents.
+ A generalized geometrical characteristic length takes into account the
+ size of the macro-scale element as well as the size of the RVE (and its
+ constituents). The proposed regularization ensures objectivity of the
+ dissipated energy at the macro-scale, with respect to the size of the FE
+ in both scales and with respect to the size of the RVE. The proposed
+ method is first validated against benchmark examples, and finally
+ applied to the numerical simulation of experimental tests on in-plane
+ loaded shear walls made of periodic masonry.}},
+Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
+Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Petracca, M (Reprint Author), Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, CIMNE, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
+ Petracca, M (Reprint Author), Univ G dAnnunzio Chieti \& Pescara, Dept Engn, I-65127 Pescara, Italy.
+ Petracca, Massimo; Pela, Luca; Rossi, Riccardo; Oller, Sergio, Tech Univ Catalonia UPC, CIMNE, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
+ Petracca, Massimo; Camata, Guido; Spacone, Enrico, Univ G dAnnunzio Chieti \& Pescara, Dept Engn, I-65127 Pescara, Italy.}},
+DOI = {{10.1007/s00466-015-1230-6}},
+ISSN = {{0178-7675}},
+EISSN = {{1432-0924}},
+Keywords = {{Computational multiscale homogenization; Periodic microstructure; Strain
+ localization; Characteristic length; Fracture energy regularization;
+ Masonry shear wall}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{CRACK-TRACKING TECHNIQUE; PLASTIC-DAMAGE MODEL; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS;
+ COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; FAILURE; LOCALIZATION; MECHANICS; CONTINUA;
+ CONCRETE; SCHEME}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mathematics; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{mpetracca@cimne.upc.edu
+ luca.pela@upc.edu
+ rrossi@cimne.upc.edu
+ oller@cimne.upc.edu
+ g.camata@unich.it
+ espacone@unich.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Petracca, Massimo/0000-0001-5083-6533
+ SPACONE, ENRICO/0000-0002-8304-7028
+ Rossi, Riccardo/0000-0003-0528-7074}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Graduate School of the University ``G. D' Annunzio{''} of
+ Chieti-Pescara; Italian Department of Civil Protection through the
+ Reluis Project; MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the
+ Spanish Government); ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through
+ the MICROPAR project {[}BIA2012-32234]; Excellence Programme for
+ Knowledge Generation by MINECO through the EACY project
+ {[}MAT2013-48624-C2-1-P]; European Research Council {[}ERC-2012-AdG
+ 320815 COMP-DES-MAT]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This research has received the financial support from the Graduate
+ School of the University ``G. D' Annunzio{''} of Chieti-Pescara, from
+ the Italian Department of Civil Protection through the Reluis Project,
+ from the MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish
+ Government) and the ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through
+ the MICROPAR project (Identification of mechanical and strength
+ parameters of structural masonry by experimental methods and numerical
+ micro-modelling, ref num. BIA2012-32234) and from the Excellence
+ Programme for Knowledge Generation by MINECO, through the EACY project
+ (Enhanced accuracy computational and experimental framework for strain
+ localization and failure mechanisms, ref. MAT2013-48624-C2-1-P).; S.
+ Oller acknowledges the support of the European Research Council under
+ the Advanced Grant: ERC-2012-AdG 320815 COMP-DES-MAT ``Advanced tools
+ for computational design of engineering materials{''}.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{54}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{2}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Comput. Mech.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DG7SP}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000372284300005}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000371282900068,
+Author = {Sun, X. C. and Wisnom, M. R. and Hallett, S. R.},
+Title = {{Interaction of inter- and intralaminar damage in scaled quasi-static
+ indentation tests: Part 2-Numerical simulation}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{136}},
+Pages = {{727-742}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{A numerical study, accompanied by the experimental data from Part 1 of
+ this paper, provides a clear picture of the global damage behaviour and
+ local response of four scaled Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
+ laminates under quasi-static transverse loading. Interface elements with
+ a cohesive formulation are employed to model delamination, matrix cracks
+ and their interaction. The predictive damage from different numerical
+ simulations with different levels of detail is presented, and the
+ validity is illustrated both qualitatively and quantitatively.
+ Specifically the number of inserted potential intralaminar crack paths
+ is varied from no cracks, through single, then double, to multiple
+ cracks. It is shown that the models with the capability to simulate
+ multiple matrix cracks best predict the key aspects of barely visible
+ damage of composite laminate during quasi-static loading. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Sun, XC (Reprint Author), Univ Bristol, ACCIS, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
+ Sun, X. C.; Wisnom, M. R.; Hallett, S. R., Univ Bristol, ACCIS, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.09.062}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{Interface elements; Impact damage; Finite element analysis (FEA);
+ Fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; MULTIPLE DELAMINATIONS;
+ COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; MATRIX CRACKS; TENSILE TESTS; PLATES; MODEL;
+ ELEMENTS; PREDICTION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{Ric.Sun@bristol.ac.uk}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/D-2573-2011}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Hallett, Stephen/0000-0003-0751-8323}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{57}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DF3XW}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000371282900068}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000368204500042,
+Author = {Tang, S. B. and Zhang, H. and Tang, C. A. and Liu, H. Y.},
+Title = {{Numerical model for the cracking behavior of heterogeneous brittle
+ solids subjected to thermal shock}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{80}},
+Pages = {{520-531}},
+Month = {{FEB}},
+Abstract = {{A finite element based numerical model is developed to simulate the
+ thermal cracking behavior of brittle solids subjected to thermal shock.
+ The heterogeneity of the brittle solids at mesoscopic level is taken
+ into account using the Weibull distribution. Furthermore, the cracking
+ behavior of meso-element is modeled using continuum damage mechanics.
+ The finite element method (FEM) is used to obtain thermal stress
+ distribution, and then damage threshold is determined by the maximum
+ tensile stress criterion. In the present work, the cracking behavior,
+ including the initiation and propagation of microcracks, and the
+ formation of approximately equally spaced surface cracks, are well
+ captured by the numerical model. Furthermore, the impact of thermal
+ conductivity on the cracking pattern of the heterogeneous brittle solids
+ is also discussed in this study. The numerical simulation results are
+ found to be consistent with the experimental observations in the
+ literature, which indicates that the proposed numerical model is a
+ potentially powerful tool to study the cracking behavior of the
+ heterogeneous brittle solids subjected to thermal shock. (C) 2015
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Tang, SB (Reprint Author), Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal \& Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.
+ Tang, S. B.; Zhang, H.; Tang, C. A., Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal \& Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.
+ Liu, H. Y., Univ Tasmania, Sch Engn, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
+ Liu, H. Y., Univ Tasmania, ICT, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.10.012}},
+ISSN = {{0020-7683}},
+EISSN = {{1879-2146}},
+Keywords = {{Thermal shock; Finite element method; Cracking pattern; Brittle solid}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COLLISION RESOLUTION; COMPRESSIVE FAILURE; STRESS RESISTANCE; CERAMIC
+ MATERIALS; FRACTURE; ROCK; GROWTH; STATISTICS; PRESSURE; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{Tang\_Shibin@dlut.edu.cn}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) {[}2014CB047100];
+ National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51421064, 51474046,
+ U1562103]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
+ {[}DUT14LK21]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This project was financially supported by the National Basic Research
+ Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2014CB047100), the National
+ Natural Science Foundation of China (51421064, 51474046, U1562103) and
+ the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT14LK21).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{62}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{26}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Solids Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DB0NJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000368204500042}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000367861500009,
+Author = {Amani, J. and Oterkus, E. and Areias, P. and Zi, G. and Nguyen-Thoi, T.
+ and Rabczuk, T.},
+Title = {{A non-ordinary state-based peridynamics formulation for thermoplastic
+ fracture}},
+Journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{87}},
+Number = {{SI}},
+Pages = {{83-94}},
+Month = {{JAN}},
+Abstract = {{In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) non-ordinary state-based
+ peridynamics (NOSB-PD) formulation for thermomechanical brittle and
+ ductile fracture is presented. The Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive and
+ damage model is used to taken into account plastic hardening, thermal
+ softening and fracture. The formulation is validated by considering two
+ benchmark examples: 1) The Taylor-bar impact and 2) the Kalthoff-Winkler
+ tests. The results show good agreements between the numerical
+ simulations and the experimental results. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Rabczuk, T (Reprint Author), Ton Duc Thang Univ, DCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
+ Rabczuk, T., Ton Duc Thang Univ, DCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
+ Nguyen-Thoi, T., Ton Duc Thang Univ, Inst Computat Sci INCOS, Div Computat Math \& Engn CME, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
+ Nguyen-Thoi, T.; Rabczuk, T., Ton Duc Thang Univ, Fac Civil Engn, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
+ Amani, J.; Rabczuk, T., Bauhaus Univ Weimar, Inst Struct Mech, D-99423 Weimar, Germany.
+ Oterkus, E., Univ Strathclyde, Dept Naval Architecture Ocean \& Marine Engn, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
+ Areias, P., Univ Evora, Colgio Lus Antnio Verney, Dept Phys, Evora, Portugal.
+ Zi, G.; Rabczuk, T., Korea Univ, Sch Civil Environm \& Architectural Engn, Seoul, South Korea.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.06.019}},
+ISSN = {{0734-743X}},
+EISSN = {{1879-3509}},
+Keywords = {{Non-local model; Peridynamics; Thermoplasticity; Johnson-Cook model;
+ Fracture}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{ADAPTIVE MULTISCALE METHOD; ARBITRARY EVOLVING CRACKS; TRANSIENT
+ HEAT-CONDUCTION; SHEAR-BAND PROPAGATION; FLAT-ENDED PROJECTILES; DYNAMIC
+ YIELD-STRESS; MESHLESS METHODS; MESHFREE METHOD; IMPACT; MODEL}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Mechanics}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics}},
+Author-Email = {{jafar.amani.dashlejeh@uni-weimar.de
+ erkan.oterkus@strath.ac.uk
+ pmaa@uevora.pt
+ g-zi@korea.ac.kr
+ nguyenthoitrung@tdt.edu.vn
+ timon.rabczuk@tdt.edu.vn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Areias, Pedro/A-8849-2013
+ Rabczuk, Timon/A-3067-2009
+ Zi, Goangseup/A-6157-2012
+ Trung, Nguyen-Thoi/B-9524-2014
+ }},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Areias, Pedro/0000-0001-6865-1326
+ Rabczuk, Timon/0000-0002-7150-296X
+ Zi, Goangseup/0000-0001-6384-5375
+ Trung, Nguyen-Thoi/0000-0001-7985-6706
+ Amani Dashlejeh, Jafar/0000-0002-2397-0670}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{European Union {[}ERC-2013-CoG-615132]; New \& Renewable Energy Core
+ Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology
+ Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) from the Ministry of Trade, Industry \&
+ Energy, Republic of Korea {[}20133010021770]}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was supported by European Union through ERC-2013-CoG-615132
+ grant for COMBAT (Computational modeling and design of lithium-ion
+ batteries) which is greatfully acknowledged by the first and last
+ author. Prof. Zi appreciates the financial support of New \& Renewable
+ Energy Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy
+ Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource
+ from the Ministry of Trade, Industry \& Energy, Republic of Korea. (No.
+ 20133010021770).}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{71}},
+Times-Cited = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{4}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Int. J. Impact Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DA5RZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000367861500009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000387122200009,
+Author = {Gallo, P. and Sumigawa, T. and Kitamura, T. and Berto, F.},
+Title = {{Evaluation of the strain energy density control volume for a nanoscale
+ singular stress field}},
+Journal = {{FATIGUE \& FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS \& STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{39}},
+Number = {{12}},
+Pages = {{1557-1564}},
+Month = {{DEC}},
+Abstract = {{Fracture mechanics at micro- and nano-scale has become a very attractive
+ topic in the last years. However, the results are still few, mostly
+ because of the lack of effective analytical tools and of the difficult
+ to conduct experimental tests at those scales. In this study, the
+ authors report preliminary analysis on the application of the Strain
+ Energy Density (SED) method at nano-scale. In detail, starting from
+ mechanical properties experimentally evaluated on small single crystal
+ silicon cracked specimens, a first evaluation of the control volume due
+ to a nano-size singular stress field is carried out. If the extension of
+ the SED approach at micro- nano-scale is given in near future, an easy
+ and fast tool to design against fatigue will be provided for micro-
+ nano-devices such as MEMS and NEMS, resulting in a significant
+ technological impact and providing an easy and fast tool to conduct
+ static and fatigue assessment at micro- and nano-scale.}},
+Publisher = {{WILEY-BLACKWELL}},
+Address = {{111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Gallo, P (Reprint Author), Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, Stradella San Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.
+ Gallo, P.; Berto, F., Univ Padua, Dept Management \& Engn, Stradella San Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy.
+ Sumigawa, T.; Kitamura, T., Kyoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn \& Sci, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158246, Japan.
+ Berto, F., NTNU, Dept Engn Design \& Mat, Richard Birkelands Vei 2b, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.}},
+DOI = {{10.1111/ffe.12468}},
+ISSN = {{8756-758X}},
+EISSN = {{1460-2695}},
+Keywords = {{fracture toughness; nanometer; nanoscale crack; silicon single crystal;
+ singular stress field; strain energy density}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FATIGUE-STRENGTH;
+ MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRACK-TIP; COMPONENTS; INITIATION; NOTCHES;
+ DAMAGE; SHARP}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary}},
+Author-Email = {{pgallo@gest.unipd.it}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Gallo, Pasquale/0000-0001-5742-8647}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{48}},
+Times-Cited = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{2}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{5}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{EB1OJ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000387122200009}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000383936200012,
+Author = {Tarfaoui, M. and Lafdi, K. and El Moumen, A.},
+Title = {{Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes based polymer composites}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{103}},
+Pages = {{113-121}},
+Month = {{OCT 15}},
+Abstract = {{The objective of this paper was to understand the effect of carbon
+ nanotubes (CNT) additives on the elastic behaviors of textile based
+ composites. The materials consist of three phases namely, carbon fibers
+ fabric, Epoxy matrix and carbon nanotubes. Different volume fractions of
+ CNTs were used (0\% as reference, 0.5\%, 1\%, 2\% and 4\%). A set of
+ mechanical tests as Open Hole Tension, shear Beam Test and Flatwise
+ Tension tests were performed. A damage initiation and cracks propagation
+ in composite specimens were controlled. The experimental results show an
+ increase the mechanical performance of the composite up to 2\% of CNT
+ additives. However, beyond this value, the material strength shows a
+ significant decay. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{El Moumen, A (Reprint Author), ENSTA Bretagne, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-29200 Brest, France.
+ Tarfaoui, M.; El Moumen, A., ENSTA Bretagne, FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, F-29200 Brest, France.
+ Lafdi, K., Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.08.016}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1069}},
+Keywords = {{Carbon-carbon composites; Polymer-matrix composites; Mechanical
+ properties; Laminates; Carbon nanotubes}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{NANOCOMPOSITES; STRENGTH; LOAD}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{ahmed.el\_moumen@ensta-bretagne.fr}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{DGA (Direction generale de l'armement - Ministry of Defense); MRIS
+ project: Study of composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNT); DGA,
+ France}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was funded by DGA (Direction generale de l'armement - Ministry
+ of Defense), MRIS project: Study of composites reinforced by carbon
+ nanotubes (CNT). The Authors of this paper gratefully acknowledge the
+ financial support of the DGA, France. Acknowledgments have also
+ addressed to Pr. Bruno Mortaigne and Dr. Nickerson William from DGA and
+ Office of Naval Research, respectively.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{22}},
+Times-Cited = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{13}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{31}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DW8WM}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000383936200012}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000382413700033,
+Author = {Yang, Zhi-Bo and Radzienski, Maciej and Kudela, Pawel and Ostachowicz,
+ Wieslaw},
+Title = {{Scale-wavenumber domain filtering method for curvature modal damage
+ detection}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{154}},
+Pages = {{396-409}},
+Month = {{OCT 15}},
+Abstract = {{In damage assessment of composite structures, the modal curvature
+ appears to be one of the most important damage indices in the past
+ decades. However, a noticeable deficiency of the modal curvature is its
+ susceptibility to noise, which is mainly induced by the numerical
+ difference estimation. This study proposes the scale-wavenumber domain
+ filtering method based on the combination of the continuous wavelets
+ transform, the discrete Fourier transform-based modal curvature and the
+ scale wavenumber domain filtering method. The continuous wavelet
+ transform provides the scale domain for noisy mode shape analysis, in
+ which the normal fluctuations and the noise-induced fluctuations are
+ filtered from the inspected mode shapes. The discrete Fourier
+ transform-based modal curvature supplies the wavenumber domain
+ expressions of the scaled mode shapes. In the scale and wavenumber
+ domains, some special filters are designed and used in noise
+ suppression. The effectiveness of the proposed method is analytically
+ verified by employing the cracked composite beam model, and the
+ performance is further validated by the experimental data from the
+ carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer beam with crack. Based on these
+ validations, it is observed that the proposed method is capable of
+ revealing slight damage in noisy condition, without the requirement for
+ the prior knowledge of material properties. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All
+ rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Yang, ZB (Reprint Author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
+ Yang, Zhi-Bo, Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
+ Yang, Zhi-Bo, State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
+ Yang, Zhi-Bo; Radzienski, Maciej; Kudela, Pawel; Ostachowicz, Wieslaw, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Fluid Flow Machinery, PL-80231 Gdansk, Poland.
+ Ostachowicz, Wieslaw, Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Automot \& Construct Machinery, PL-02524 Warsaw, Poland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.07.074}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{Scale-wavenumber domain filtering; Modal curvature; Wavelet; Discrete
+ Fourier transform; Composite beam; Damage detection}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITE LAMINATED BEAMS; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; PLATE-LIKE STRUCTURES;
+ CRACK IDENTIFICATION; SPATIAL WAVELETS; TEAGER ENERGY; TRANSFORM;
+ FREQUENCY; SHAPES; LOCALIZATION}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{phdapple@mail.xjtu.edu.cn}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Kudela, Pawel/A-1552-2008
+ Yang, Zhibo/J-1831-2017}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Kudela, Pawel/0000-0002-5130-6443
+ Yang, Zhibo/0000-0002-9815-5013}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National Natural Science Foundation of China {[}51405369, 51421004];
+ China Scholarship Council; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
+ {[}2014M560766]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province}},
+Funding-Text = {{The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.
+ 51405369 \& 51421004), the China Scholarship Council, the China
+ Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2014M560766), and the Postdoctoral
+ Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{52}},
+Times-Cited = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{6}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{14}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DU7SA}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000382413700033}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000381647500028,
+Author = {Bienias, Jaroslaw and Jakubczak, Patryk and Dadej, Konrad},
+Title = {{Low-velocity impact resistance of aluminium glass laminates -
+ Experimental and numerical investigation}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{152}},
+Pages = {{339-348}},
+Month = {{SEP 15}},
+Abstract = {{The purpose of the present study was to determine the nature and area of
+ damage in fibre metal laminates subjected to low-velocity impact using a
+ numerical model based on defined damage criteria in relation to executed
+ experimental tests. The plates 1.5-3.5 mm thick made of
+ aluminium/epoxy-glass composite produced in autoclave process were
+ subjected to tests. The low-velocity impact test was performed at room
+ temperature using a drop-weight impact tester with impact energy 10 J
+ and 25 J. On the basis of obtained results, the results of experimental
+ tests and numerical analyses have been found compatible in the scope of
+ specific relationships i.e. force vs. time, internal damage areas and
+ laminates damage mechanism prevailing in their structure. The principal
+ laminates damage forms encompassed delaminations occurring in composite
+ interlayers and on metal-composite interface, cracks in composite layers
+ and in lower layers of metal. Presented modelling of impact in fibre
+ metal laminates using VUMAT code enables the evaluation of their
+ structure damage and the selection of proper laminate configuration in
+ future in terms of their resistance to low-velocity impact. (C) 2016
+ Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Bienias, J (Reprint Author), Lublin Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Dept Mat Engn, Nadbystrzycka 36, PL-20618 Lublin, Poland.
+ Bienias, Jaroslaw; Jakubczak, Patryk; Dadej, Konrad, Lublin Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Dept Mat Engn, Nadbystrzycka 36, PL-20618 Lublin, Poland.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.05.056}},
+ISSN = {{0263-8223}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1085}},
+Keywords = {{Fibre metal laminates; Low-velocity impact; Finite element analysis;
+ Damage; Ultrasonic testing}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; PERFORATION FAILURE; FIBER; DAMAGE; SIMULATION;
+ BEHAVIOR}},
+Research-Areas = {{Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{j.bienias@pollub.pl}},
+ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Dadej, Konrad/A-8902-2015
+ Jakubczak, Patryk/A-7210-2015}},
+ORCID-Numbers = {{Jakubczak, Patryk/0000-0003-3770-571X}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Structural Funds in the Operational Programme - Innovative Economy (IE
+ OP) - European Regional Development Fund {[}POIG.0101.02-00-015/08]}},
+Funding-Text = {{Financial support of Structural Funds in the Operational Programme -
+ Innovative Economy (IE OP) financed from the European Regional
+ Development Fund-Project No. POIG.0101.02-00-015/08 is gratefully
+ acknowledged.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{36}},
+Times-Cited = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{28}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Struct.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DT7DO}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000381647500028}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
+
+@article{ ISI:000381324200007,
+Author = {Chowdhury, Nabil M. and Chiu, Wing Kong and Wang, John and Chang, Paul},
+Title = {{Experimental and finite element studies of bolted, bonded and hybrid
+ step lap joints of thick carbon fibre/epoxy panels used in aircraft
+ structures}},
+Journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
+Year = {{2016}},
+Volume = {{100}},
+Pages = {{68-77}},
+Month = {{SEP 1}},
+Abstract = {{A prior study conducted by the authors had investigated the behaviour of
+ thin composite double lap joint repairs. This investigation was an
+ extension to the previous study and focused on analysing the behaviour
+ of thick step lap joint repairs which are more complicated in nature.
+ Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to verify the static and
+ fatigue strength of bolted, bonded and hybrid joint configurations.
+ Thick carbon fibre/epoxy laminates and aerospace grade film adhesive and
+ fasteners were selected. Several configurations were considered in this
+ case. These include varying the number of fasteners in the joint region
+ as well as inclusion of bondline defects. Adhesive non-linear material
+ properties, fastener contacts and frictional forces were all included in
+ the three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models. The progressive
+ failure process was simulated and the Multicontinuum Theory (MCT) was
+ used to determine the stress states in all specimens considered. The
+ strain energy release rate (SERR) as a function of crack length was also
+ utilised to gain further understanding into the fatigue behaviour.
+ Overall the FE models are able to accurately predict the bonded, bolted
+ and hybrid joint strengths. SERR results suggest it is vital to place
+ fasteners closer to the ends of the overlap to suppress the peak peeling
+ stresses and to delay the effects of early crack initiation. This
+ overall improves the longevity of a conventional bonded joint design.
+ (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
+Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}},
+Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}},
+Type = {{Article}},
+Language = {{English}},
+Affiliation = {{Chowdhury, NM (Reprint Author), Monash Univ, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
+ Chowdhury, Nabil M.; Chiu, Wing Kong, Monash Univ, Dept Mech \& Aerosp Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
+ Wang, John; Chang, Paul, Def Sci \& Technol Grp, Aerosp Div, 506 Lorimer St, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia.}},
+DOI = {{10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.061}},
+ISSN = {{1359-8368}},
+EISSN = {{1879-1069}},
+Keywords = {{Carbon fibre; Damage tolerance; Finite element analysis (FEA);
+ Joints/joining}},
+Keywords-Plus = {{DAMAGE MECHANISMS; COMPOSITE; STRENGTH}},
+Research-Areas = {{Engineering; Materials Science}},
+Web-of-Science-Categories = {{Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites}},
+Author-Email = {{nabil.chowdhury@monash.edu}},
+Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Program}},
+Funding-Text = {{This work was undertaken as part of a CRC-ACS research program,
+ established and supported under the Australian Government's Cooperative
+ Research Centres Program. Special thanks to Ivan Stoyanovski for his
+ help and advice during the specimen manufacture stage.}},
+Number-of-Cited-References = {{43}},
+Times-Cited = {{5}},
+Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{9}},
+Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{23}},
+Journal-ISO = {{Compos. Pt. B-Eng.}},
+Doc-Delivery-Number = {{DT2PZ}},
+Unique-ID = {{ISI:000381324200007}},
+OA = {{No}},
+DA = {{2017-08-29}},
+}
diff --git a/scripts/plot.py b/scripts/plot.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c7dcb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/plot.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatter
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+import seaborn as sns
+
+from matplotlib import rcParams
+rcParams.update({'figure.autolayout': True})
+rcParams.update({'text.usetex':True})
+
+sns.set(color_codes=True)
+
+sns.set(style="darkgrid")
+
+data = pd.read_csv('data.csv')
+data['Year'] = data['Year'].astype(int)
+data['Data'] = data['Data'].astype(int)
+
+plt.xticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.yticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
+plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
+plt.ylim(ymax=12)
+plt.tight_layout()
+
+plt.xticks( data['Year'], rotation=35 )
+
+sns.regplot(x="Year", y="Data", data=data)
+
+plt.ylabel("Data available")
+plt.savefig("Data_available.pdf")
+
+plt.clf()
+
+plt.xticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.yticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
+plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
+plt.ylim(ymax=12)
+
+plt.xticks( data['Year'], rotation=35 )
+
+sns.regplot(x="Year", y="Bounce", data=data)
+plt.savefig("Bounce.pdf")
+
+plt.clf()
+
+plt.xticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.yticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
+plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
+plt.ylim(ymax=12)
+
+plt.xticks( data['Year'], rotation=35 )
+
+sns.regplot(x="Year", y="Reply", data=data)
+plt.savefig("Reply.pdf")
+
+plt.clf()
+
+plt.xticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.yticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
+plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
+plt.ylim(ymax=12)
+
+plt.xticks( data['Year'], rotation=35 )
+
+sns.regplot(x="Year", y="No reply", data=data)
+plt.savefig("No_Reply.pdf")
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/scripts/prob.py b/scripts/prob.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bafe51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/prob.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import statsmodels.api as sm
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+from matplotlib import rcParams
+rcParams.update({'figure.autolayout': True})
+rcParams.update({'text.usetex':True})
+
+import seaborn as sns
+
+sns.set(color_codes=True)
+
+sns.set(style="darkgrid")
+
+data = pd.read_csv('data.csv')
+
+data['Data'] = data['Data'] / data['Reply'] * 100.
+data['b'] = data['a'] / data['Reply'] * 100.
+data['c'] = data['c'] / data['Reply'] * 100.
+data['Reply'] = data['Reply'] / 11. * 100.
+data['Data'] = (data['Data']*data['Reply']) / (data['Data']*data['Reply'] + (1.-data['Data'])*data['Reply'])
+data['b'] = (data['b']*data['Reply']) / (data['b']*data['Reply'] + (1.-data['b'])*data['Reply'])
+data['c'] = (data['c']*data['Reply']) / (data['c']*data['Reply'] + (1.-data['c'])*data['Reply'])
+
+# Probability that one got an reply
+
+sns.regplot(x='Year', y='Reply', data=data)
+plt.xticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.yticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.xticks( data['Year'], rotation=35 )
+plt.xlabel('Year')
+plt.ylabel(r'$P($ get reply $)$')
+
+plt.ylim(0,100)
+plt.savefig("Reply_probability.pdf")
+
+
+plt.clf()
+
+# Probability that data is available for the reply
+
+sns.regplot(x='Year', y='Data', data=data)
+plt.xticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.yticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.xticks( data['Year'], rotation=35 )
+plt.xlabel('Year')
+plt.ylabel(r'$P($ data available $\vert$ get reply $)$')
+
+plt.ylim(0,100)
+plt.savefig("Data_probability.pdf")
+
+plt.clf()
+
+# Probability that data is confidential for the reply
+
+sns.regplot(x='Year', y='Data', data=data)
+plt.xticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.yticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.xticks( data['Year'], rotation=35 )
+plt.xlabel('Year')
+plt.ylabel(r'$P($ data available $\vert$ get reply $)$')
+
+plt.ylim(0,100)
+plt.savefig("Data_confidential.pdf")
+
+plt.clf()
+
+# Probability that a reference is provided for the reply
+
+sns.regplot(x='Year', y='c', data=data)
+plt.xticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.yticks(fontsize=11)
+plt.xticks( data['Year'], rotation=35 )
+plt.xlabel('Year')
+plt.ylabel(r'$P($ reference is provided $\vert$ get reply $)$')
+
+plt.ylim(0,100)
+plt.savefig("Data_reference.pdf")
diff --git a/scripts/run1.py b/scripts/run1.py
index 984f64d..b3db64c 100644
--- a/scripts/run1.py
+++ b/scripts/run1.py
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@
values = []
for i in range(2013,2014):
print i
- with open("../data/"+str(i)+".bib") as bibtex_file:
+ with open("../data/"+"extra"+".bib") as bibtex_file:
+ #with open("../data/"+str(i)+".bib") as bibtex_file:
#with open("./"+str(i)+"_test"+".bib") as bibtex_file:
print "Opened file", "./"+str(i)+"_test"+".bib"
bibtex_str = bibtex_file.read()
@@ -88,10 +89,10 @@
customSubject = subject.replace("",data[k]['year'].encode("utf8"))
customSubject = customSubject.replace("",data[k]['title'].encode("utf8"))
-
to = data[k]['author-email']
cc = ""
- bcc = "patrick.diehl@polymtl.ca"
+ bcc = ""
+
rcpt = cc.split(",") + bcc.split(",") + [to]
msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
msg['From'] = address
diff --git a/scripts/run2.py b/scripts/run2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b85f7dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/run2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import csv
+import smtplib
+from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
+from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
+import yaml, codecs
+import sys
+import bibtexparser
+
+reload(sys)
+sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
+
+file = open("text.dat.example",'r')
+plainText = file.read()
+
+username= ""
+server= ""
+password= ""
+port = -1
+address = ""
+subject = ""
+
+print "Starting e-mail sending script"
+
+#with open("config.yaml.example",'r') as f:
+# doc = yaml.load(f)
+# username = doc["Mail"]["user"]
+# server = doc["Mail"]["server"]
+# password = doc["Mail"]["pw"]
+# port = int(doc["Mail"]["port"])
+# address = doc["Mail"]["address"]
+# subject = doc["Mail"]["subject"]
+# print "Loading config data for", username, server, port
+
+#server = smtplib.SMTP(server, port)
+#server.starttls()
+#server.login(username, password)
+
+
+with open('second.csv', 'rb') as csvfile:
+ spamreader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',', quotechar='|')
+ for row in spamreader:
+ if len(row[3]) == 0 or len(row[4]) == 0:
+
+ name = ""
+ with open("../data/"+row[0]+".bib") as bibtex_file:
+ bibtex_str = bibtex_file.read()
+ bib_database = bibtexparser.loads(bibtex_str)
+ for k, entry in enumerate(bib_database.entries):
+ if entry['author-email'] == row[1]:
+ name = entry['author-name']
+
+ customText = plainText.replace("",name.encode("utf8"))
+ customText = customText.replace("",row[2].encode("utf8"))
+ customText = customText.replace("",row[0].encode("utf8"))
+ customSubject = subject.replace("",row[0].encode("utf8"))
+ customSubject = customSubject.replace("",row[2].encode("utf8"))
+
+ print customText
+ to = row[1]
+ cc = ""
+ bcc = "patrick.diehl@polymtl.ca"
+ rcpt = cc.split(",") + bcc.split(",") + [to]
+ msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
+ msg['From'] = address
+ msg['To'] = to
+ msg['Subject'] = customSubject
+ msg['Bcc'] = bcc
+
+ msg.attach(MIMEText(customText.encode("utf-8"), 'plain', "utf8"))
+
+ text = msg.as_string()
+
+ #server.sendmail(address, rcpt, text)
+ #print "E-mail sent to " , to
+
+
+
+#server.quit()
+
+