From d1b10fdd1002763fbd6ecbe4659013abc4286768 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jcrayb Date: Sat, 18 Jan 2025 11:11:27 -0600 Subject: [PATCH] fixed links in dyn and sta --- src/pages/dyn/particle_kinematics.astro | 30 ++++++------ src/pages/dyn/particle_kinetics.astro | 8 ++-- src/pages/dyn/vector_calculus.astro | 18 +++---- src/pages/dyn/vectors.astro | 62 ++++++++++++------------- src/pages/sta/vectors_scalars.astro | 14 +++--- 5 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/pages/dyn/particle_kinematics.astro b/src/pages/dyn/particle_kinematics.astro index 0f5b81af..46ba3dc6 100644 --- a/src/pages/dyn/particle_kinematics.astro +++ b/src/pages/dyn/particle_kinematics.astro @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Velocity and acceleration in the polar basis. Compare to - Figure #rkv-fa. Observe that + Figure #rkv-fa. Observe that are not related to the path (not tangent, not in the direction of movement), but rather are defined only by the position vector. Note also @@ -456,12 +456,12 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Using the same approach as #rvc-em we write and differentiate this and use #rvc-em we write and differentiate this and use rkr-ew to find: - Comparing this to #rvc-em + Comparing this to #rvc-em shows that the two components are the projection and the complementary projection, respectively.

@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Using #rkr-el and the scalar triple product formula #rvi-es gives: + href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_product">#rvi-es gives:

@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

We first consider the dot product and show that this is not changing with time. We do this by using the scalar triple product - formula #rvi-es to find: + formula #rvi-es to find: @@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" These equations are definitions of the basis vectors, so the only thing to derive is the alternative formula for . Using the definition of above - and #rvc-eu, we see that + and #rvc-eu, we see that @@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" Now the basis vector derivatives are given by the cross product by from #rkr-ew, so we can evaluate + href="#rkr-ew">#rkr-ew, so we can evaluate the expressions #rkt-ek for curvature and torsion to give: @@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

We can use the expression #rkt-ew for together with #rkr-ew to find the basis + href="#rkr-ew">#rkr-ew to find the basis vector derivatives: @@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" direction of , that does not depend on the magnitude of , and equation #rvv-em for the magnitude of + href="#rvv-em">#rvv-em for the magnitude of the complementary projection.

@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" . At the current instant when the particles are at the same position, this means that and . Using the circular motion expressions #rke-ec we have that the + href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_motion" target="_blank">#rke-ec we have that the velocity of \(Q\) is: @@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" where we used the cross product length formula #rvv-el and equation #rvv-el and equation #rkt-er for the radius of curvature . By definition #rkt-ek the curvature is , so @@ -1218,12 +1218,12 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Use equation #rkt‑e2 and parametrize the curve using \(x\) as the parametrization variable. Namely: + href="#rkt-e2">#rkt‑e2 and parametrize the curve using \(x\) as the parametrization variable. Namely: This yields a very elegant expression, as and , which lets us arrive at the desired expression #rkt‑e3. + href="#rkt-e3">#rkt‑e3.

@@ -1595,8 +1595,8 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" diff --git a/src/pages/dyn/particle_kinetics.astro b/src/pages/dyn/particle_kinetics.astro index 2bafeeb2..60ef2cbd 100644 --- a/src/pages/dyn/particle_kinetics.astro +++ b/src/pages/dyn/particle_kinetics.astro @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ import DisplayTable from "../../components/DisplayTable.astro"

2. Kinematics: Using the polar basis acceleration equation #rkv-ep gives: + href="/dyn/particle_kinematics#rkv-ep">#rkv-ep gives:

@@ -446,8 +446,8 @@ import DisplayTable from "../../components/DisplayTable.astro"

@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ import DisplayTable from "../../components/DisplayTable.astro" class="seq-toggle:avb-fp-c:fbd" onclick="avb_fp_c.stepSequence('fbd')">free body diagram is visible. Now increase the speed of the bus to produce a centripetal acceleration. Newton's law implies that there + href="/sta/introduction#rkn-en">Newton's law implies that there must be a centripetal friction force producing this acceleration. As the speed increases, we will eventually reach a point when the friction force required is too large diff --git a/src/pages/dyn/vector_calculus.astro b/src/pages/dyn/vector_calculus.astro index cf4ab238..f67a8d99 100644 --- a/src/pages/dyn/vector_calculus.astro +++ b/src/pages/dyn/vector_calculus.astro @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" product or scalar product) is defined by

- +

An alternative expression for the dot product can be @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Using the coordinate expression #rvv-es gives: + href="#rvv-es">#rvv-es gives:

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Using the coordinate expression #rvv-es gives: + href="#rvv-es">#rvv-es gives:

@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Using the coordinate expression #rvv-es gives: + href="#rvv-es">#rvv-es gives:

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

- Using Lagrange's identity we can calculate: + Using Lagrange's identity we can calculate: @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Writing the component expression #rvv-ex gives: + href="#rvv-ex">#rvv-ex gives:

@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Writing the component expression #rvv-ex for the first + href="#rvv-ex">#rvv-ex for the first equation gives: @@ -581,8 +581,8 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" When we differentiate a vector by differentiating each component and leaving the basis vectors unchanged, we are assuming that the basis vectors themselves are not - changing with time. If they are, then we need to take this into account as + changing with time. If they are, then we need to + take this into account as well.

diff --git a/src/pages/dyn/vectors.astro b/src/pages/dyn/vectors.astro index 46176ab2..0a5682a7 100644 --- a/src/pages/dyn/vectors.astro +++ b/src/pages/dyn/vectors.astro @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" coordinate system we are using, and which order the coordinates are in. We will typically write the coordinate values explicitly to avoid confusion. This also applies to - vector components. + vector components.

@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

The two common extensions of polar coordinates to 3D are - cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates. + cylindrical coordinates and spherical coordinates.

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" To define polar coordinates, we relate them to another known coordinate system, typically Cartesian coordinates as follows, where we use the atan2 function. + href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan2" target="_blank">atan2 function.

@@ -450,8 +450,8 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

- Just as for position - coordinates, we can write the vector components + Just as for position + coordinates, we can write the vector components \(3\hat\imath + 2\hat\jmath\) as the ordered list \((3, 2)\) if we know which basis we are using. Because we often will be using several bases simultaneously, we will generally @@ -745,8 +745,8 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Compute the cross product using: (1) the angle formula #rvv-el; (2) the component formula - #rvv-ex with + href="/dyn/vector_calculus#rvv-el">#rvv-el; (2) the component formula + #rvv-ex with both in the basis, both in the basis, and with in the basis and in the @@ -758,13 +758,13 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" (1) The dot product is and the vector lengths are \(a = 3.6\) and \(b = 3.2\), so \(\cos\theta = 7 / (ab)\) and \(\theta \approx - 53^\circ\). Now using #rvv-el + 53^\circ\). Now using #rvv-el gives: (2) Using the component formula #rvv-ex gives: + href="/dyn/vector_calculus#rvv-ex">#rvv-ex gives:

@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

- Equation #rvv-ed makes + Equation #rvv-ed makes it clear that the dot product does not depend on which basis we use to write and , so long as we use the same @@ -785,14 +785,14 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

However, we can also verify directly that the component - equation #rvv-es for the dot + equation #rvv-es for the dot product does not depend on which basis we use. To keep the algebra short, we will only do this in 2D.

We compute the dot product using #rvv-es in the - $\hat\imath,\hat\jmath$ basis and substitute in the + href="/dyn/vector_calculus#rvv-es">#rvv-es in the + \(\hat\imath,\hat\jmath\) basis and substitute in the change-of-basis expressions #rvv-eg, giving:

@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

We start with the dot product expression #rvv-ed for length and + href="/dyn/vector_calculus#rvv-ed">#rvv-ed for length and differentiate it:

@@ -881,14 +881,14 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

We take the definition #rvv-eu for the unit vector + href="/dyn/vector_calculus#rvv-eu">#rvv-eu for the unit vector and differentiate it:

Here we observed at the end that we had the expression - #rvv-em for the + #rvv-em for the complementary projection of the derivative with respect to itself.

@@ -905,14 +905,14 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" From #rvc-eu we know that is in the direction of , and from - #rvv-er we know that this + #rvv-er we know that this is orthogonal to (and also ).

Recall that we can always write a vector as the product of its length and + href="/dyn/vector_calculus#rvv-ei">product of its length and direction, so . This gives the following decomposition of the derivative of .

@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Differentiating and substituting - in #rvv-el and #rvv-el and #rvv-eu gives @@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" Vector derivatives can be decomposed into length changes (projection onto ) and direction changes (complementary projection). Compare to Figure #rvv-fu. + href="/dyn/vector_calculus#rvv-fu">#rvv-fu.

@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" Spherical coordinates are defined with respect to a set of Cartesian coordinates, and can be converted to and from these coordinates using the atan2 function as follows. + href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan2" target="_blank">atan2 function as follows.

@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" To convert from Cartesian coordinates, we use the same projection and read off the expressions for the spherical coordinates. This uses the atan2 function to handle the + href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan2" target="_blank">atan2 function to handle the different quadrants for \(\theta\).

@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Geographic coordinates are typically given - in spherical coordinates, but without + in spherical coordinates, but without the radius and with the angles given in degrees, minutes, and seconds, with the latitude first, and the @@ -1481,8 +1481,8 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

@@ -1517,8 +1517,8 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro" the origin. The shortest distance calculation thus reduces to finding the angle between the vectors and , which can be easily done by finding their dot product after changing them - to rectangular coordinates. + href="/sta/vector_calculus#rvv-sd">dot product after changing them + to rectangular coordinates.

@@ -1633,7 +1633,7 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

Given any two points and on the surface of the Earth, we choose coordinate axes and use spherical coordinates so that is at + href="#spherical_coordinates">spherical coordinates so that is at and is at . Here is the radius of the Earth and . The @@ -1658,14 +1658,14 @@ import InlineCanvas from "../../components/InlineCanvas.astro"

To switch from rectangular to spherical coordinates we use - the conversion: + the conversion:

Differentiating these expressions and substituting (or using - the spherical velocity + the spherical velocity expression) gives the path length expression:

diff --git a/src/pages/sta/vectors_scalars.astro b/src/pages/sta/vectors_scalars.astro index 72f5cda1..094198fd 100644 --- a/src/pages/sta/vectors_scalars.astro +++ b/src/pages/sta/vectors_scalars.astro @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ Alternatively, the vector components can be determined geometrically via the ang product or scalar product) is defined by

- +

An alternative expression for the dot product can be @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ Alternatively, the vector components can be determined geometrically via the ang

Using the coordinate expression #rvv-es gives: + href="#rvv-es">#rvv-es gives:

@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ Alternatively, the vector components can be determined geometrically via the ang

Using the coordinate expression #rvv-es gives: + href="#rvv-es">#rvv-es gives:

@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ Alternatively, the vector components can be determined geometrically via the ang

Using the coordinate expression #rvv-es gives: + href="#rvv-es">#rvv-es gives:

@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ Alternatively, the vector components can be determined geometrically via the ang

- Using Lagrange's identity we can calculate: + Using Lagrange's identity we can calculate: @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ Alternatively, the vector components can be determined geometrically via the ang

Writing the component expression #rvv-ex gives: + href="#rvv-ex">#rvv-ex gives:

@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ Alternatively, the vector components can be determined geometrically via the ang

Writing the component expression #rvv-ex for the first + href="#rvv-ex">#rvv-ex for the first equation gives: